1. family and parenting
2. children

South African National Health And
Nutrition Examination Survey
(SANHANES-1)
FUNDERS
SANHANES TEAM
Infant feeding
SANHANES
Breastfeeding status of children
under 6 months of age, SA 2012
n = 243
17.5%
7.4%
Never breastfed
75.1%
Exclusively breastfeeding
Breastfed but not exclusively
SANHANES
Percentage of children aged 12-15
months who were being breastfed at
the time of the interview, SA 2012
n = 178
35.8%
Breastfed at the time of the
interview
64.2%
Not breastfed at the time of the
interview
SANHANES
Exclusive breastfeeding %
Age distribution of exclusive
breastfeeding in South Africa according to
DHS 2003 and SANHANES1 2012
14
12
10
12.7
12.2
11.2
8.9
8
6
4
2.7
2.1
2
0.7
1.3
0
<2
2-3
4-5
Age group in months
DHS 2003
SANHANES1
SANHANES
0.4
6-7
0.0
8-9
Age of introduction of semi-solid or
solid foods in children under 2 years of
age, SA 2012
100.0
Percentage
80.0
63.5
60.0
30.7
40.0
20.0
5.8
0.0
< 6 months
6-8 months
SANHANES
9-18 months
First semi-solid or solid food eaten by
children under 2 years of age, SA 2012
Percentage
60.0
40.0
20.0
51.2
29.0
2.2
4.4
0.0
SANHANES
1.8
3.1
8.1
0.2
Prevalence and
treatment of
Diarrhoea
SANHANES
Prevalence of diarrhoea in the two
weeks preceding the interview in
children under 5 years by age, SA 2012
Percentage
30
20
19.7
17.9
11.6
10
8.4
4.8
5.3
0
<6 months 6 – 11 months
12 – 23
months
24 – 35
months
Age
SANHANES
36 – 47
months
48 – 59
months
Prevalence of diarrhoea in the two
weeks preceding the interview in
children under 5 years by locality, SA
2012
20
Percentage
13.6
10.2
10
9.4
9.1
0
Urban formal
Urban informal
Rural formal
Locality
SANHANES
Rural informal
100.0
Treatment of diarrhoea in the two
weeks preceding the interview in
children under 5 years by age and
locality, SA 2012
80.0
Percentage
67.4
60.5
60.0
53.9
57.0
45.9
40.0
32.1
20.0
0.0
<2 years
2-5 years
Rehydrat / Hydrol / Hydrassist
Urban formal
Home-made sugar salt solution
SANHANES
Prevalence and
treatment of
Respiratory Disease
SANHANES
Prevalence of respiratory disease in the
two weeks preceding the interview in
children under 5 years by age, SA 2012
50
Percentage
40
34.7
29.2
31.6
38.9
35.7
37.7
33.5
31.9
30.3
25.8
30.8
25.6
30
20
10
0
<6 months
6 – 11 months
12 – 23
months
Fever in the last 2 weeks
24 – 35
months
36 – 47
months
Coughing in the last 2 weeks
SANHANES
48 – 59
months
100.0
80.0
Treatment of respiratory disease in the
two weeks preceding the interview in
children under 5 years by age and
locality,
SA
2012
65.1
67.4
61.6
56.7
60.0
33.4
25.9
30.2
40.0
20.0
27.5
10.0
8.9
8.2
5.1
0.0
<2 years
2-5 years
Age
Public sector
Urban formal
Rural informal
Locality
Private sector
SANHANES
Other sources
Older children
SANHANES
Perceived ability of children aged
10-14 years to change their dietary
behaviours, SA 2012
51.0
Percentage
60.0
40.0
30.2
18.8
20.0
0.0
High score (8-10)
Medium score (4-7)
Low score (0-3)
Based on 10 questions… if you had to could you….
1. Put less margarine on your bread
6. Eat sweets less often
2. Eat fewer chips
7. Drink cool drinks less often
3. Buy fruit instead of chips
8. Eat brown bread instead of white bread
4. Put less sugar in your tea/coffee
9. Eat more vegetables
5. Put less sugar in your cereal/porridge
10. Eat more fruit
SANHANES
Beliefs regarding the development of
obesity, SA 2012
How much you eat and drink can make a
difference in your chance of becoming fat
30.4
69.6
The things I eat and drink now are healthy, so
there is no need for me to make changes
36.2
63.8
What you eat can make a difference in your
chance of becoming fat and getting diseases like
heart disease or cancer
26.8
73.2
What you eat can make a difference in your
chance of becoming fat
25.3
Starchy food like bread, potatoes and rice make
people fat
25.5
74.7
74.5
0
No
20
Yes
SANHANES
40
60
80
100
100
The things I eat and drink now are
healthy, so there is no need for me to
make changes by race, SA 2012
70.0
80
69.7
56.4
Percentage
62.5
60
40
20
0
Black African
White
SANHANES
Coloured
Asian/Indian
The things I eat and drink now are
healthy, so there is no need for me to
make changes by race, SA 2012
Prevalence:
Hypertension
:
Diabetes
:
Diabetes to be excluded :
Overweight
:
Obese
:
Social science that makes a difference
35.5%
10.5%
9.1%
23.9%
26.4%
Dietary behaviour of children 10-14
years in relation to eating breakfast,
SA 2012
• 19% of children do not eat breakfast at home in the morning
50
Percentage
40
(n=2408)
39.2
33.9
33
30
19.2
15.3
20
10
0
Not hungry in the No food in the People at home Cannot get up
morning
house to eat for
do not eat
early enough to
breakfast
breakfast
have breakfast
SANHANES
Cannot make
their own
breakfast
Dietary behaviour of children aged
10-14 years in relation to taking
lunchboxes, SA 2012
• 51% of children do not take a lunchbox to school
50
(n=2406)
37.2
Percentage
40
30
20
29.8
18.3
18
17.1
Other children
will want their
food
Do not have a
nice container to
put lunch in
10
0
Food at school is Nothing at home No-one at home
enough for the
to put in the
to help make a
whole day
lunchbox
lunchbox
SANHANES
Percentage of children aged 10-14 years
who take money to school, SA 2012
100.0
Percentage
80.0
60.0
51.3
33.2
40.0
20.0
15.5
0.0
Yes
No
SANHANES
Sometimes
60.0
Frequency of taking money to school
among children aged 10-14 years,
SA 2012
51.4
48.6
50.0
Percentage
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
Every day
2 or 3 times a week
SANHANES
Amount of money children aged 10-14
years take to school, SA 2012
100.0
76.5
Percentage
80.0
60.0
40.0
16.2
20.0
5.0
1.2
1.2
R21.00 - R40.00
> R40.00
0.0
R0.00 - R5.00
R5.50 - R10.00
R11.00 - R20.00
SANHANES
30.0
Attempts to gain or lose weight among
children aged 10-14 years by sex, SA 2012
25.0
Percentage
20.0
15.9
16.7
14.0
15.0
10.3
10.0
5.0
0.0
Gain weight
Lose weight
Males
Females
SANHANES
THANK YOU
THANK YOU
Questions used to calculate exclusive
breastfeeding
• For children currently being exclusively breastfed (0-6 months)
• Is he/she still being breastfed (YES)
• What was the first drink other than breast milk that he/she
received (MISSING)
• At the moment does he/she get any milk feeds other than
breast milk (NO)
• What was the first semisolid (with a spoon or fingers) food
he/she ate (MISSING)
SANHANES