Customer magazine by Putzmeister Concrete Pumps GmbH 77 Long-reach boom pumps and bulk material conveyors at power plant construction site PM pumps and service in Russia The RoLine pump concept Shotcrete placement in 32 km long, high-altitude tunnels PM 4276 GB Contents 1 Foreword 3 4 Power plant construction TITLE STORY – Long-reach boom pumps and bulk material conveyors at power plant construction site Food for the Telebelt ® – Bulk concrete for dam project 4 27 High-rise construction Clever boom solution PM elephants in the land of the Russian bears 8 10 2 10 Bridge construction Long-reach boom pump at the Unstrut valley bridge 9 Service Also in Russia: “PM expertise near you” 14 Excavation Pumping for all it’s worth BSA pumps concrete S.O.B. piles in Trinidad 16 26 3 20 Background EU imposes stricter inspections on imported construction equipment 17 Technology The M 47-5 in practice Growing within its niche – the Roline pump concept 18 20 Tunnelling Shotcrete placement in 32 km long, high-altitude tunnels 24 4 24 Imprint Editor: Putzmeister Concrete Pumps GmbH Max-Eyth-Straße 10 72631 Aichtal / Germany Editorial department: Jürgen Kronenberg Putzmeister Concrete Pumps GmbH Max-Eyth-Straße 10 72631 Aichtal / Deutschland 2 Layout & Print: Offizin Scheufele GmbH + Co. KG Tränkestraße 17 70597 Stuttgart / Germany PM 4276 GB Foreword Dear customers and friends of Putzmeister 5 2009 is drawing to a close – a difficult year that has been like no other in the 51-year history of Putzmeister. The global economic crisis has affected us greatly, as it has you. Concrete consumption and the quantity of pumped concrete, which is so important for us, have declined globally – to a greater or lesser extent, depending on the country. Taken as a whole, the decline has been dramatic and we are all working hard to adapt to the new situation. All the same, Putzmeister has demonstrated this year that it is possible to adapt successfully. After many years of growth, we were able to apply the brakes in good time. But this braking manoeuvre was not easy, because it meant parting with many things that we had come to cherish and even many that we believed were absolutely necessary. Putzmeister started a restructuring project for the entire group at an early stage, which streamlined the structure of the company considerably and allowed it to adjust to the new requirements. The reduction of the number of employees in Germany is taking longer than originally envisaged due to the agreement that was amicably reached with the works council and trade union and, under the current framework conditions, will not be completed before the 1st quarter of 2011. However, the reduced working hours regulations in Germany are enabling capacities to be adjusted until then with considerably reduced costs for the company. Since September, the restructuring has been actively moved forward by Norbert Scheuch, who was originally Managing Director of Putzmeister Holding and who is now Managing director of Putzmeister Concrete Pumps GmbH. He has many years of experience of successful restructuring in comparable companies. With his support, we are implementing the necessary measures in line with the plan that was drawn up in the spring. The key points of this plan have proven themselves in the last six months. Even though our forecasts have been considerably lower than those of the PM 4276 GB previous positive years, this has enabled us to ride out the turbulence of the start of the year and bring some stability back to the markets we operate in – even if it is at a much lower level. At the same time, there has been an increase in spare parts turnover that our customers are achieving with increasing numbers of orders. This is also confirmed in the many meetings that Putzmeister employees have held on customers' premises throughout the year and which fortunately are increasingly resulting in sales. As well as the attractive conditions for new machines, these customers are frequently also taking advantage of the wide range of high-quality used “Putzmeister Value Pumps” in order to enhance their fleet in light of the current favourable conditions or to open up new markets with special machines. Please visit www.putzmeister.de/ value-pumps for information about Putzmeister used machines. At the end of the year, however, we are also looking to the future and 2010, which will provide us with the highlight of the construction machinery trade fairs, Bauma, in April. This time, India – which represents one of our largest growth markets – has been selected as the partner country. We are already looking forward to welcoming you to our stand in Munich, which will be in the usual spot. There, we will have the opportunity to discuss with you new products, experiences, market trends and general development. We are already looking forward to it. I wish you and your family a peaceful and contemplative end to the year and all the best for a successful 2010. Your Dr. Ralf v. Baer Chairman of the Management Board Putzmeister Concrete Pumps GmbH Putzmeister Holding GmbH 3 Power plant construction – Title story Long-reach boom pumps and bulk material conveyors at power plant construction site RWE Power AG in Hamm, Westphalia, is investing around EUR 2 billion in the construction of one of the world’s most efficient coal power plants with a total output of 1,600 Megawatts. The placement of around 250,000 m³ concrete of different property classes and consistencies is predominantly carried out using Putzmeister truck-mounted concrete pumps with up to 62 m placing boom height and two stationary PM placing booms. But a Telebelt ® TB 130 telescoping conveyor belt is also used on the vast construction site to deliver the different bulk materials. 6 7 The two M 58-5 and M 62-6 (bottom) Beka long-reach boom pumps concreting one of the huge bottom plates of the power plant in Hamm, Westphalia (Photo: Alpine) The client has commissioned ALPINE Bau Deutschland AG (Industrial and Power Plant Construction, Dortmund branch) with the execution of the extensive earth, concrete and construction work for the two new power plant blocks “D” and “E” (order volume EUR 135 million). The two-block power plant with 2 x 800 megawatt power is being constructed on the site of a previously planned nuclear power plant and next to the high temperature reactor THTR-300, which has been shut down since September 1989. 4 The construction of the new power plant includes a building complex of engine and boiler houses, switching system buildings and water centre, four stair towers, seven silos with up to 10,000 m³ capacity for limestone, cement and ash as well as two 165 m high cooling towers. Fleet mix crucial The order to deliver over 220,000 m³ of concrete was received by the concrete pumping service BEKA in Kerpen. Crucial in the assignment was the fleet composition of the pumping service, which consists of over 40 truck-mounted concrete pumps. Thus, in addition to machines from the 20, 30 and 40 metre class, BEKA also has three M 52-5s, three M 58-5s and two M 62-6s. Due to the vast boom lengths and large working range, made possible by flexible 5 and 6 arm technology, BEKA’s long-reach boom pumps gave it a crucial advantage in the invitation to tender. In addition, there was the possibility of supporting the large 5 and 6-axle trucks in OSS mode on one side, if the construction site conditions allow for this. PM 4276 GB Power plant construction – Title story 8 9 There’s not much space – but the M 62-6 can still be supported correctly Machine operator enjoys the extras The extensive concreting began in spring 2008. For the production of the bottom plate, which is 5 m thick in places, up to 6,500 m³ concrete (C35/45) were integrated wet in wet. To complete the numerous walls, floors and beams, the Putzmeister pumps are used here almost daily. On one of our visits, we met BEKA machine operator Ricco Lemm, “My M 58 is equipped with all the electronic extras offered by Putzmeister, such as familiar systems like EBC, EOC, EPS. If you – like me now – are standing on scaffolding at a height of 20 m, the additional functions are practical, such as being able to switch the vibrator on the hopper on and off by radio remote control, and then the graphical display on the remote control shows me all the important information at all times – down to the current fluid temperature!” Ricco Lemm is often at the power plant construction site with the M 58-5. Today he is pumping concrete with a 16 mm maximum particle size (C30/37) into the wall formwork of a switching system building. Due to the narrow reinforcement, he has switched the bottom part of his 2-part end hose for a tapering and an 80 mm end hose piece. The PM 4276 GB squeeze valve – also activated via the radio remote control – remains connected to the “1 metre piece”, the upper part of the split end hose. When the boom is swung over the formwork, the valve squeezes the end hose together with compressed air, so that no concrete remains inside. Boom tip with squeeze valve, tapering and end hose over the reinforcement 10 Everything in sight and easy to use: The modern PM radio remote control with graphical display 5 Power plant construction – Title story 11 Attractive Ergonic modules EBC (Ergonic Boom Control): Controls, regulates and limits, as required, the movements of the concrete placing boom. EBC actively damps the vertical movements of the boom, simplifies operation and supports safety during concrete placement. During construction of the power houses, two stationary PM placing booms distribute the concrete. One from a lattice tower, the other supported on tubular columns (as shown here) (Photo: Alpine) EPS (Ergonic Pump System) Regulates the concrete pump control fully electronically in the interest of optimised delivery. Data, such as delivery pressure, delivery rate of the hydraulic pump, hydraulic pressure and many other signals, is actively co-ordinated. With EPS, the machine operator can assign and limit the maximum desired pump pressure, for example, (important for delivery lines, whose compressive strength or wear condition is not known, or for “sensitive” formworks). Even switching over the transfer tubes from one delivery cylinder to the other is adapted to the current concrete consistency and avoids “thuds”. 12 EOC (Ergonic Output Control) Ensures fuel-efficient operation of the concrete pump. The EOC automatically regulates the optimal engine speed for the respective delivery rate. This reduces consumption, lowers wear and reduces noise The sensitive radio remote control means the boom tip with end hose can be guided accurately Stationary boom grows to 55 m height with lattice tower An interesting interaction between truckmounted concrete pumps and stationary concrete placing booms can be seen during concreting of the power houses: The two PM stationary booms with 32 m horizontal reach are supported on a tubular column, or on a lattice tower, which is extended to up to 55 m in height as the construction progresses. Via a special tube support system, the delivery line is secured on the lattice tower. It is supplied with concrete at the bottom end by one of the BEKA truck-mounted concrete pumps. silos, which are up to 70 m high, are constructed using the sliding formwork procedure. It is important when concreting with sliding formwork that the concrete composition is adapted to the respective outside temperature and sliding speed. Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Michnik, head of work preparation at the construction site said: “As the concrete is placed round the clock here, but only relatively small placement jobs are required, we work with a crane bucket. When using pumps, the concrete would otherwise set in the long delivery line!” Both the outer walls of the four stair towers, which are up to 120 m high, and the seven Stiff concrete with increased strength is the “daily bread” of PM pumps 6 EGD-RC (radio remote control with graphical display) With this ergonomic control system, all EBC functions can be operated – even the upper and lower limits of the working space can be defined, as well as the movement of the rotating mechanism. On the display, the machine operator receives additional feedback and system indicators from the machine, such as engine speed, fluid temperature, concrete pressure, delivery rate and information on pressure and volume limitations. The vibrator and end hose squeeze valve too can be switched on and off via EGD-RC. 13 PM 4276 GB Power plant construction – Title story 14 The Telebelt ® conveyor belt can be telescoped several times and enables precision placement of material (Photo: Alpine) 15 16 Truck mixers pass the tamped concrete and other bulk materials onto the Telebelt® feed conveyor (Photo: Euro-Hochweit) Filling the pit with the telescoping TB 130 Telebelt ® conveyor belt. The reach with this model is 39 m (Photo: Euro-Hochweit). TELEBELT® delivers dry tamped concrete and bulk material While you come across PM truck-mounted concrete pumps at the power plant construction site in Hamm almost daily during the carcass construction phase, most of the Putzmeister Telebelt® TB 130’s jobs are completed by now. The TB 130 is a mobile conveyor belt system, which conveys unpumpable, pourable bulk materials into the site of concrete placement via a telescoping conveyor belt. Typical materials include excavated material, hardcore, sand, humus, bark mulch, granulate or extremely stiff, only earth-moist concretes. Here at the power plant construction site, the Telebelt ® – before installation of the cleanliness layer and the construction concrete – had conveyed dry filling and tamped concrete (consistence class F1) as well as sand and hardcore into PM 4276 GB the various pits. The building materials were initially passed onto the Telebelt ® feed conveyor either by truck mixers, truck tippers, mobile excavators or wheel loaders, in order then to be transported up to 39 m along the main telescoping conveyor belt and distributed with precision. The belt movements and the delivery rate are controlled by radio remote control, similar to the control of the PM truck-mounted concrete pumps. Even a slanted raising or lowering of the delivery belt is of course possible. The actual installation performance of the TB 130 depends on the type of bulk material, the construction site logistics, the waiting times between the batches, etc. The Telebelt ® is designed for an output of up to 270 m³/h (max./theor.). ALPINE Bau Deutschland and the subcontractor DÜCHTING hired the Telebelt ® from Euro-HochWeit AG (Waltrop). New coal power plant with exemplary high efficiency The two new power plant blocks of RWE Power AG in Hamm-Uentrop will be fired with coal and petrol coke. With an efficiency of approx. 46 %, the new two-block plant will be one of the most modern and efficient coal power plants in the world. Blocks “D” and “E” should be connected to the grid by the start of 2012, and blocks “A” and “B” which have been in service since 1962/63 (output per 160 Megawatt) will be shut down. For more information, see: www.rwe.com www.alpine.at www.bekabeton.de www.euro-hochweit.de www.wikipedia.de 7 High-rise construction Clever boom solution 18 Even if space for truck-mounted concrete pumps is tight on construction sites – there are solutions! So, for example, the Berlin pumping service of Heidelberger Beton, shows how a placing boom and truck-mounted concrete pump can be set up separately in the tightest of spaces in the centre of the German capital and nonetheless be operated together. Large truck-mounted concrete pumps would have no chance on this construction site. 17 Andreas Keiser, Heidelberger Beton The PM Multiboom with a reach of 24 m usually sits on a truck-mounted concrete pump – here, however, “for a change”, it sits on a self-climbing tubular column (Photo: Heidelberger Beton) In the centre of Berlin, one of the most prominent construction gaps is currently being closed: Not far from Alexanderplatz, as an architectonic eye-catcher, the “KönigstadtCarree am Alexanderplatz” is being constructed as the new north gateway to Berlin’s most famous square. Heidelberger Beton, north-east concrete pumping division, is concreting the upper stories with a Putzmeister MXR Multiboom, which can be separated from the truck-mounted concrete pump. together with Berger Beton on behalf of Dresdner Industrie- und Wohnungsbaugesellschaft mbH has supplied the readymixed concrete. During the pumping work, there has been a special feature, which Andreas Keiser, deputy division manager of Heidelberger Beton GmbH, describes as follows: “From the 9th floor, we were no longer able to work with our truck-mounted concrete pumps due to a lack of space. The access street in front of the construction site and the inner yard were simply too narrow. Instead, we removed the placing boom (MXR 24) from the truck-mounted concrete pump and had the boom climb upwards hydraulically on an 18 m high tubular column in the course of the construction.” A securely laid riser then supplies the respective highest story with concrete via a high pressure pump. Lack of space requires separate solution At the junction of Mollstrasse and OttoBraun-Strasse, the construction works for a 71 m high office block with 21 floors, flanked by a doctor’s clinic and a hotel, have been underway since 2007. Heidelberger Beton 19 By means of a riser, the boomless truck-mounted concrete pump with MXR Multiboom is now connected to the highest floor (Photo: Heidelberger Beton) 8 Multiboom for mobile and stationary use The MXR Multiboom was developed by Putzmeister for pumping services which place particular value on a flexibly deployable machinery fleet. For if the carcasses become so high than they can no longer be reached by the boom of a truck-mounted concrete pump, the 4-arm multiboom together with adapter can be removed from the truck and set up on a tubular column. This means the truck-mounted concrete pump placing boom becomes a stationary boom, which is either firmly installed on a tubular column with cruciform base or – as here at the “Königstadt-Carree” construction site – moves from floor to floor as the construction progresses with the help of an automatic climbing system. Between the concreting works, the Heidelberger Beton pumping service deploys the carrier truck with the concrete pump on other construction sites. During these times, concrete delivery is carried out using pump tubes or pipelines – the truck-mounted concrete pump, which now no longer has a boom, carries 60 m of such pipes with it on board. For more information, see: www.deutsches-architektur-forum.de de.wikipedia.org PM 4276 GB Bridge construction 21 Long-reach boom pump at the Unstrut valley bridge As part of the Deutsche Einheit transport projects, Deutsche Bahn AG is working full speed ahead on completion of the new InterCityExpress (ICE) line from Leipzig/Halle to Erfurt (VDE rail no.8). This is also part of the planned transeuropean high-speed network from Berlin to Verona. PM long-reach boom pumps with flexible 5-arm technology carry out concreting work during bridge construction at heights of nearly 50 m. 20 5-arm booms are simply more flexible: Here are two Putzmeister M 52-5s, which not only reach high, but with their arm (“flyer”), also reach horizontally across the formwork In addition to three tunnels, the route also requires six large bridge constructions, one of which is the Unstrut valley bridge, which is currently under construction. At a length of 2,668 m and a height of up to 49 m, it is the second longest railway bridge in Germany. The structure consists of a chain of 580 m long, jointless and bearing-free framework bridges. The pre-stressed concrete box section, with approx. 5 m construction height and 14 m width, is split into 46 sections. The bridge superstructure is supported by 41 piles in a 58 metre pattern as well as by four reinforced concrete arches. The customer is DB Projektbau GmbH, and construction is being executed by a consortium of Alpine Bau Deutschland AG, Leipzig/Halle branch PM 4276 GB (management) and Berger Bau GmbH, Berlin. The concrete pump services are being provided by the Putzmeister customer concrete delivery union, Raßnitz. Quintuplet booms use net reach even in high-rise construction During our visit at the start of September, the pre-stressed concrete box section (trough) was being concreted at the first bend. To place the concrete accurately in the reinforcement at this height, a long-reach boom pump with the necessary vertical reach is required. As shown on the photo, this is only possible with flexible 5-arm technology. Truck-mounted concrete pumps with 4-arm placing booms with the same reach would have to have been removed again without having achieved anything. Stefan Klöpfel, managing director of BFU said, “We are working on both sides of the bridge superstructure with two Putzmeister M 52 quintuplets, because these machines can unfold their last boom arm over the formwork even at such a height.” The superstructure between the bends is concreted using a launching gantry and the associated formwork. On the lateral brackets, two stationary placing booms with 24 m reach have been set up on the launching gantry. They are also supplied by truck-mounted concrete pumps. For more information, see: www.db.de 9 High-rise construction 22 PM elephants in the land of the Russian bears View of the old and new Moscow. In the centre of the picture, on the right-hand side of the Moskva River, is Lomonosov University. On the opposite riverbank, some new “Moscow City” buildings. For many years, Putzmeister was represented in Russia “only” via a sales office. But for four years now, the PM elephants have been represented by a subsidiary: PM RUS. The reason for opening a dedicated branch in the largest country on earth is the high economic growth that is expected in the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China) in upcoming years. And despite the economic difficulties, which have seriously affected Russia like other countries, there are still some interesting large-scale projects here – albeit delayed. pumping fleet. The head of pumping on the construction site Alexandr Salmatov explains to us that the short distance between mixing plant and construction site means that concreting with this project can be achieved during the day. It is otherwise normal in the Russian metropolis to carry out large-scale concreting operations in the period after the evening rush-hour. 23 Large-scale residential complexes as a routine job Don-Stroy has handled many large-scale projects such as this over the years. This is why the use of the stationary concrete pumps on this construction site is nothing unusual. Alexandr Salmatov merely points out that one BSA 14000 is being used for two residential towers. His company has relied exclusively on Putzmeister for many years for quality reasons. And with great pride he says: “We rarely need the Service department, because we know the machines so well that we are able to carry out maintenance work and repairs ourselves. Nevertheless, the Putzmeister engineers are always dropping by, and we discuss with them alternative solutions for meeting the various requirements involved in high-rise pumping.” The high-quality residential complex Losiniy Ostrov Eco Park is situated on the northeastern outskirts of Moscow and borders on the Losiniy Ostrov National Park. The project, which was started in 2006 and will provide approx. 100,000 m² of living space, is being managed by the construction company Don-Stroy. It consists of five high-rise buildings with up to 30 stories and approx. 100 m height of construction. Don-Stroy is working on the various construction phases using a total of three BSA 14000 stationary concrete pumps and five PM MX 32-4 climbing booms. PM truck-mounted concrete pumps with M 36-4 and M 42-5 placing booms are also involved in pumping a total volume of approx. 35,000 – 40,000 m³ of concrete. Alongside six concrete plants and 40 truck mixers, Don-Stroy has a comprehensive range of construction machines with its own 10 Carcass of one of the high-rise buildings in the Losininiy Ostrov Eco Park For concrete placement, Don-Stroy relies exclus for high-rise construction PM 4276 GB High-rise construction 25 On the day of our visit to the construction site, no pumping operations were being carried out, and so there was time for an interview with the M 42 machine operator Gennadiy Loginov: PM: How long have you worked as a machine operator with concrete pumps? GL: I started 10 years ago and I have operated all of the PM pumps that Don-Stroy has. liked my previous machine with trunk system. It however had a 4-arm boom. In certain situations, there are more benefits to the 5-arm machine with its greater manoeuvrability. PM: This is a M 42-5 from 2008. You say you have already pumped 80,000 m³ with it. What do you think about this machine? GL: It pumps just as reliably as all other Putzmeister pumps. However, I especially PM: A great deal of information is shown on the graphic display of the control cabinet. How do you use it? GL: I have not yet had any fault displays. This is certainly because we were instructed well in how to use the machines and we keep to the maintenance regulations. What I use is the operating hours meter and the ECO switching. 26 28 27 29 A PM service car in the Moscow traffic 24 “Moscow City” is an entire complex of modern high-rise buildings Stationary boom and pumps for the “Moscow City” project ively on Putzmeister concrete pumps – even PM 4276 GB “Moscow International Business Centre (Moscow City)” is a building project in the Russian capital, the planning of which dates back to 1992. “Moscow City”, as it is known for short, is a completely new district in the city that is being erected on the left bank of the Moskva River only 5 km away from the Kremlin. The total cost of the project is esti- mated at US $12 billion (approx. € 8.6 billion). On completion, numerous companies and office buildings will be located here, among them the spectacular and also architecturally demanding high-rise buildings. Completion of the entire complex is not expected before 2012. 11 High-rise construction 30 Mercury Tower: pumping height of 320 m The 380 m high Mercury Tower is one of the skyscrapers in “Moscow City” that will later attract everyone's attention. The 70-floor high-rise has been under construction since 2005. As the lead construction company, Rasen Construction – a member of the Turkish Soyak-Holding – has been commissioned with the project. To deliver the, for the most part, high-strength concrete to a height of 320 m, Rasen Construction is using three stationary Putzmeister BSA 14000 HP D concrete pumps. The concrete is distributed in the floor and wall formworks using three MX 32-4 T stationary booms that each sit on 20 m high tubular columns and climb upwards in the building shafts hydraulically. PM engineers had developed solutions especially for the Mercury Tower, so that the slewing radius of the boom ballast beams could be individually set to the construction site requirements. At Mercury Tower, three large BSA 14000 concrete pumps and three MX 32-4 stationary booms undertake concrete placement 31 High-rise building for the Moscow City Council (308 m) In the immediate vicinity of the Mercury Tower, a new, 308 m high tower for the Moscow City Council (Tower of Moscow Government) is being constructed. Similarly, the building contractor MonArch is completing numerous concreting tasks using Putzmeister technology: a stationary BSA 2109 HE concrete pump for delivering concrete, a horizontally slewable RV 10 rotary distributor, and two stationary MX 32-4 T booms. 32 Model view of Mercury Tower 12 The high-performance BSA 14000 SHP D pump won recognition during high-rise concrete pumping at the Moscow Federation Tower PM 4276 GB High-rise construction 33 Federation Tower: high-strength concrete up to a height of 360 m The building complex “Federazija” (Federation Tower) is being erected on behalf of the investor Mirax Group and is also one of the technically and architecturally demanding building construction projects in “Moscow City”. The “Federazija” project consists in essence of two towers with heights of 243 m and 360 m (440 m when the antenna is fitted later). Lead contractor for the construction of the eastern tower is the China State Construction Engineering Corporation; the contract for the western high-rise building was given to the Turkish building contractor Ant Yapi. Even during the winter months, extreme strength class C80/90 concrete will be pumped at the Federation Tower. Despite high-wearing concrete mixes, two Putzmeister high-performance BSA 14000 SHP D concrete pumps have proven themselves here over pumps made by other manufacturers (they were removed long ago). Incidentally, the PM machines are identical in design to the ultra-high pressure concrete pumps that were used in the record-breaking high-rise pumping at Burj Dubai (606 m). While the top PM 4276 GB 34 floors are reserved as an observation deck, restaurants and a fitness club with swimming pool, there are 30 floors of office space underneath that are reserved for the Russian WTB-Bank – it is providing 50 % of the investment for the Federation Tower. In addition, a luxury hotel will take up a large number of the floors in the higher tower. The construction costs of the “Federazija” skyscraper are estimated at € 390 million. For more information, see: www.soyak.com.tr www.rasen.com.tr de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskau_City www.mirax.ru/content/33/Default.aspx en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_Tower Construction of the Federation Tower is already very advanced 13 Service The same applies in Russia: “PM expertise near you” 36 With 142 million inhabitants, the Russian Federation is not only an economically interesting market, but, with its west-east expanse of over five and a half thousand miles and an area of over 17 million km², also very far-reaching. The biggest country in the world stretches across eleven time zones and, east of the Urals, has just a sparse road and rail network, and yet good flight connections. We spoke to Jürgen Drensek, the 56 year-old After Sales manager of PM RUS, to find out how the Putzmeister After Sales department deals with these conditions, and how it organises support for customers and their machines through to the far east. Arrival in the provinces: Thanks to good flight connections, the Russian PM service technicians in this vast country can get (almost) anywhere very quickly 35 Service manager Jürgen Drensek and Andreas Milow, managing director of PM Rus PM: And what is a normal case? JD: In addition to the headquarters in Moscow, we now also have two service support bases in St. Petersburg and Krasnodar. If the site of use is less than 800 km from one of these sites, we go there by car or with the night train. Distances of over 800 km are really only possible by plane. Here in Moscow, we have almost all commonly used parts in stock. If spare parts are needed for a job, these are sent to the customer first. Then, depending on the job, extensive tools may be needed. It is not always that you find the right equipment at the construction sites or in the local workshops. And then, coordinated with the arrival of the parts, the service technician starts to make his way. For Vladivostok, this can mean: departure in the evening at 6 pm in Moscow, then eight and a half hour flight and eight hour time difference. Arrival the next morning at 10.30 am local time and direct departure to the construction site. 37 PM: Mr. Drensek, you have many years of experience in service for construction machinery in various regions of the world. What is special about the service business in Russia? JD: The main thing to note is the vast distances. In order to keep costs as low as possible, we always try to solve problems initially by telephone. Our customers often have their own local workshops and are able to help themselves given the right instructions. PM: And what happens if this is not enough? JD: Then we always ask again, to prevent a repeat of a situation some time ago during a service deployment in Vladivostok: At that time, we had to fly 6,500 km because of a depressed emergency shut-down button on a M 36 truck-mounted concrete pump … Certainly an exception, but these things do happen. 14 Training on the new BSA “far off the beaten track” PM 4276 GB Service 38 St. Petersburg Moscow Krasnodar Vladivostok The Russian Federation extends across eleven time zones and measures over five and a half thousand miles from east to west PM: … that’s certainly not easy for the service technicians? JD: No, especially due to the physical strain. But we have a good team of willing people, who we have trained ourselves. Most of them were themselves truck-mounted concrete pump drivers before. We then trained them in PM technology and gradually introduced them to the more challenging service work. Unfortunately, there is no apprenticeship training in Russia like there is in Germany. Training here is very theory-oriented and the practical part has to be performed in the businesses. PM: Does that not cost a lot? JD: Yes, of course, and above all, you need a few years to do it. But our customers expect a high-quality service package from Putzmeister and attest to it again and again through the trust they put in our service. 39 Construction site preparation in the middle of nowhere PM 4276 GB 40 View of the dispatch area of the Russian PM subsidiary 15 Excavation 41 In three days and two nights, several truck-mounted concrete pumps concrete the huge bottom plate of Tower 185 at the same time Pumping for all you’re worth ... The Frankfurt pumping service “The Pumas” pumped 15,056 m³ of concrete within 68 hours in the second section of the huge bottom plate of the new Tower 185 in Frankfurt using four large boom truckmounted concrete pumps. To do this, a M 63-5, a machine with a 58 m boom and two M 52-5s were set up on two sides of the pit. In the course of the concreting, the end hose of one of the two M 52s was extended with pipelines, which were connected to an easy to use, hydraulically controlled placing boom with a 20 m reach. The working range of this boom could be extended again, if necessary, through coupling with a mechanical rotary distributor RV 10. Three weeks before, the first section of the bottom plate was already cast with 5,660 m³ concrete. The concrete was supplied by the Sehring and Waibel ready-mix concrete plants. 16 Over 20,000 m³ for the bottom plate The planned 185 m tall high-rise building with 50 stories is being built in Frankfurt’s new Europa quarter between the main train station, the trade fair site and the banking quarter. Tower 185 essentially consists of a multi-storey underground car park, a horseshoe-shaped base building and two highrise halves with aluminium-glass facade, which enclose a glass centre section. The investor is Vivico Real Estate. It commissioned Hochtief Construction AG with completion of the entire carcass. The pit was created in advance by Züblin Spezialtiefbau GmbH. The project is being financed by a bank consortium with a credit volume of EUR 254 million. Construction of the bottom plate started in March 2009 and the base building is to be completed by autumn 2010. Completion of the construction work in the 50th story is planned for the end of 2011. New double-walled pipes (130 bar) with x-times extended service life Both for the concrete pumping service and for Putzmeister, Tower 185 is of interest for another reason. For “The Pumas” also have the order to concrete the basement floors, the base building and the two high-rise towers. And for the first time, double-walled, up to 130 bar pressure-resistant pipelines with ZX couplings are going to be used for high-rise concrete pumping in the towers. Double-walled delivery lines have already been being used on PM truck-mounted concrete pumps for a long time to extend the service life (and thereby to reduce the conversion costs and downtimes), but only in a version limited to 85 bar pressure. For stationary use, the high-strength, doublewalled delivery lines offer the advantage of being able to withstand pressure up to 130 bar for as long as it takes until the inner layer in the pipe is closed. This means there is PM 4276 GB Background 42 Significant construction progress after just six months no need for regular replacement of the highly stressed delivery line pipes immediately next to the concrete pump at highrise construction sites. For this first section of the pipeline is subject to the greatest level of wear and the highest pressure. Wear experience with these delivery lines will be reported in one of the next issues of PM Post. The speed of the work on this project is clear from a comparison of the two photos. The two pictures were taken at an interval of less than six months. For more information, see: www.vivico.de www.diepumas.de www.baunetz.de/Meldungen_Baubeginn_ fuer_Bueroturm_in_Frankfurt The Committee for European Construction Equipment (CECE) has indicated that, at the start of 2010, the new EU Directive 765/2008 will enter into force. Based on this ordinance, the customs authorities at the EU external borders, will inspect in detail if the construction equipment intended for import actually meets the European safety requirements, with effect from the start of the new year. The reason is that for years, many construction machines – e.g. from Asia – have been sold in Europe, even though they do not meet the safety requirements in accordance with EU standards. According to the German Association of Machine and Plant Engineering (Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und Anlagenbauer (VDMA)), one of the members of the CECE, this not only distorts competition, but also leaves potential purchasers in the dark about the resulting significant risks. The German Association of Machine and Plant Engineering (VDMA) considers these risks to include an increased risk of accident, significant uncertainty in legal and liability questions after accidents, quality and guarantee problems as well as downtimes and fines. But not only the illegal sale of machines is a thorn in the eye for the CECE. Another aspect is the labelling obligation of non CE-compliant construc- tion equipment, which are shown at trade fairs or open-house exhibitions, for example. The CECE is turning to dealers, construction companies, insurance companies and banks. For although it is forbidden to sell machinery that does not conform to the EU guidelines within the European Union, these products may be exhibited at trade fairs provided they are labelled accordingly. Obviously, these labels have been omitted, however. So, for example, random testing at INTERMAT, the big international construction machinery fair in Paris in April 2009, showed that the machines in question were not adequately labelled or had no labelling at all. In the interest of the customer, CECE together with the trade fair organisers will therefore ensure in future that the manufacturers meet their obligation to label their products. This is why the CECE is speaking out against these illegal imports and supports the stricter import controls for construction machinery. By implementing qualification measures, the CECE wants to ensure that the EU authorities responsible for customs and market monitoring are able to check compliance with these standards. For more information, see: www.vdma.org www.cece-eu.org Photo: Scholz/VDMA 43 EU imposes stricter inspections on imported construction equipment 44 For tight concreting deadlines, the supply must flow efficiently PM 4276 GB 17 Technology 45 The M 47-5 in practice – e.g. in Marseille harbour The office tower and future headquarters of CMA CSM in the old harbour of Marseille is being constructed near the quays, from which loads are taken from the containers of the international logistics service provider. After completion of the building core, in which approx. 40,000 m³ concrete has been placed, it is the turn of the surrounding smaller structures. There, during our visit, a Putzmeister BSF 47-5.16 HLS was being used. We took the opportunity to talk with Christophe Adelaide (CA), who has been employed in sales for the pumping service Maxi Pompage (Groupe ISP) for many years. The M 47 “quintuplet” is really flexible again: Concrete placement from the outer end of the reinforcement to directly above the machine 18 PM 4276 GB Technology 46 The additional 5th arm and its hinge increase the flexibility, number of applications and net reach of a truck-mounted concrete pump (top). Due to a lack of manoeuvrability, a 4-arm boom is much more difficult to slip into buildings. It may have to give up on attaining its net reach, depending on how great the distance is. the structure and the shorter individual arms allow for a more direct path to the site of concrete placement. This is pure geometry (see top graphic). PM: And how does the machine operator cope with moving five boom arms? CA: Operation of the quintuplet is easy from the outset. We were relatively confident of this because we have already had many years of good experiences with the M 42-5. It helps that only two joysticks are required to move the five arms. PM: Mr. Adelaide, how long have you had the M 47-5 and how do you like it? CA: This large boom was added to our mobile concrete pump fleet, which consists of 28 machines including three PUMI®s, in summer 2008. The M 47 has pumped 10,000 m³ to date. We are very happy with the machine, above all with the 5-arm placing boom. PM: What is special about it? CA: I compare the boom with 4-arm alternatives from the 40 m class. Above all, the extraordinary manoeuvrability of the five arm boom is impressive. With this, you can often compensate for a few metres more reach of a larger machine in the 50 m class. Simply because you can fold out closer to 47 PM: A propos remote control. Since Bauma 2007, a display for indication and operation of certain functions has been integrated. How do you use this? CA: The machine operator’s first focus is on the machine, the boom and the man at the end hose. He only looks at the display in exceptional situations. So, for example, he can read the speed of rotation if he no longer hears the engine running, check the field strength if the radio link cuts off or can see how much charge is still left in the battery. This provides safety. In addition, there are important on/off functions for the agitator, vibrator and others, which we use less often. PM: The machine also has EBC, the computeraided boom control. CA: Yes, although its use depends highly on the individual method of operation of the machine operator. One colleague may not always switch it on because he prefers to control the boom directly. Others would take advantage of this opportunity, such as relief staff, who don’t work with the machine every day. Christophe Adelaide (left) in a meeting with a service technician from Putzmeister France and the machine operator of the M 47-5 PM 4276 GB PM: You mean, you don’t take advantage of the damping effect of the EBC? CA: But you would have to admit that the M 47-5 stands or pumps very quietly anyway. Although – the higher the pump output, the more important damping becomes. Then we can always switch over, so that the boom remains quiet even during a high placement and can be guided safely by the man at the end hose. 19 Technology Growing within its niche – the Roline pump concept 49 Anyone driving onto the yard of Thomas Catherin Transport SARL in Montluel near Lyon will look across to the fleet of around 15 closely parked lorries belonging to the small haulage and pumping service provider. The office and materials store of the family firm are housed in containers. Jean Marc Catherin, who built up the company on his own initiative, tells us in his quiet, friendly manner why he changed from the PUMI® truckmounted mixer pump two years ago to become the first in France to invest in a Roline concrete pump. “I had four truck mixers, eight tippers and a PUMI®. This was similar to what many others had to offer, which meant I didn't really stand out from my competitors. That’s the background to why I was interested right from the start in the Roline machine concept. With this small, highly manoeuvrable machine, we can undertake a wide variety of pumping tasks economically, fast and sometimes even more simply than with a large truck-mounted concrete pump. Add to this the fact that the 20 machine costs a lot less, both in terms of the initial investment and the running costs (e.g. fuel consumption). And so I was sure I was doing the right thing when I ordered the first machine from Putzmeister in mid-2008... Of course, at first we had to familiarise our customers with the Roline – that always takes a little time and effort. But then we began to gain our first experiences of pumping concrete with the system, in swimming pools, cellars, terraces behind houses and in inac- 10:05 No supports are required with the RoLine. Work can begin as soon as the reducer pipe is connected. PM 4276 GB Technology 50 The RoLine concrete pump is designed in such a way that it can be conveniently filled from the truck mixer, and the delivery line can be laid out 48 10:12 Easy loading and unloading of the 3 m delivery hoses and couplings 51 10:18 The concrete work for the terrace is performed by the client with friends under their own management. They also help with laying out the delivery pipes and hoses. 52 53 Technical data RoLine Pump R 60 Delivery rate (max./theor.) Delivery pressure 58 m3/h 25 bar Hopper volume 10:25 Filling the cement slurry to start pumping PM 4276 GB 400 l Overall length/width 6.4 m/2.0 m Support not required 10:40 The DN 75 delivery hoses are easy to handle 54 21 Technology 55 11:10 56 11:15 As soon as the first square metres of the terrace have been concreted, the hoses – from back to front – are cut off and emptied over the reinforcement cessible narrow alleys. It all went so well that we already have a second machine. It is not our intention to compete with the large-scale boom pumps; on the contrary, we limit our activities to concreting work where pumping is easily carried out with a rotor or 75 mm diameter delivery lines and hoses. These After cleaning, the hoses are immediately stowed away lines can be easily laid over a length of up to 3 m without any problem and can still be moved by hand when concreting reinforcements, even when filled with concrete. Of course they are not suitable for pumping coarse grain concrete, but we have successfully used them for grain sizes of up to 20 mm. We cannot achieve really high pump outputs with the rotor, as the output is in theory limited to a max./theor. of 58 m³/h. But on smaller building sites, slower, continuous pumping is often more appropriate and more efficient than going full speed ahead and then having to hold back. Our working 57 11: 40 To clean the line, the rotor pump sucks the wet sponge ball back 22 12:15 Finally, the hopper and pipes are cleaned. Dismantling and cleaning are completed after just 40 minutes. PM 4276 GB Technology The RoLine is the ideal concrete pump for smaller construction companies and for applications in house and apartment construction. • Almost no concrete residue in the system: – The customer receives the concrete volume he pays for – Quick and easy cleaning • Jolt-free pumping process • Low hopper filling height • Light delivery line – Safe operation up to 25 bar pump pressure – Light and simple handling and fast readiness for operation • Quiet pumping • Delivery rate is infinitely adjustable, forwards and reverse • Even delivers difficult to pump material • Quick and easy cleaning • Low wear: The rotor hose is the only wear part of the pump and can be replaced very quickly • Easy maintenance • Putzmeister Service near you methods are therefore economical for both sides – for our customers and for ourselves.” New components for high-pressure resistant delivery line system In order to be able to shut-off a delivery line even in narrow spaces or to be able to switch between different inlets and outlets of a transfer tube in the highpressure ZX delivery line system, Putzmeister has developed new components for use on construction sites. Some of the incentive to do this stems from committed PM customers. There is not space on all construction sites for a large hydraulic gate valve or a separate hydraulic power pack. In light of this, the new, manually operated hydraulic gate valve GVHM 2/2 130 was developed. The device is approved for a concrete pressure up to 130 bar, so that it can even be integrated in concrete lines for high and far placement. Due to its compact dimensions (set-up area approx. 26 x 26 cm, height 106 cm) the gate valve is, however, also suitable for use on narrow construction sites, such as in tunnels. 58 The heart of the Putzmeister scissor pipe RS 0.76 ZX is an internally developed, axially rotatable coupling for the high pressure Zentrifix delivery line system ZX 5.5” (approved up to 130 bar). Unlike the otherwise rigid ZX pipe connections, this construction allows, for the first time, a rotating – but at the same time completely tight – pipe connection in Zentrifix high pressure lines. This manoeuvrability is necessary, for example, if a concrete pump supplies two delivery lines alternately via one transfer tube. Or if you switch from one transfer tube outlet to another during cleaning. As the line has to move to the side during the sliding process of the transfer tube and ZX couplings to date do not allow for any angle of deviation, in the past the SK coupling designed for smaller loads had to be used. The new, mechanically much more stable scissor pipes and their couplings in ZX design now allow for much safer work with transfer tubes. 59 The new GVHM 2/2 shut-off valve, authorised up to 130 bar 12:20 Finished! 60 The high-pressure scissor pipe for the ZX system PM 4276 GB 23 Tunnelling 61 Transport of the Putzmeister shotcrete manipulator SPM 500 over a mountain pass at an altitude of nearly 3,500 m 63 Shotcrete placement in 32km long high mountain tunnels In Western China, at an altitude of 3,380 m, two parallel railway tunnels 32.6 km long are currently being driven through the Guanjiao mountains. It is the longest tunnelling project that has ever been undertaken in China. Putzmeister technology was commissioned to secure the excavation under extreme conditions using wet-shotcrete. The spectacular structure is being constructed in a mountainous region that is difficult to access, and is set to replace the older Guanjiao Tunnel (length 4 km) currently in use and situated 300 m higher, but which is only accessible via very windy access roads. Thanks to the perfectly straight route through the mountain situated at a lower altitude, journey times will be shortened considerably, and fuel savings will be significant as each train will have three diesel locomotives at the front. The sections of the new Guanjiao Tunnel have been designed for train speeds of up to 160 km/h. 62 The construction site accommodation is tightly packed Technical data for the shotcrete system SPM 500 PC Working height of the telescopingsprayer arm SA 14: 4.5 –16 m Delivery rate of the double piston shotcrete pump: 4 – 30 m³/h Volume of the additive tank: 1.000 l Delivery rate of the additive metering unit: 30 – 700 l/min Compressor output: 9 m³/min. Volume of the water tank: Power cable: 195 l 50 m (100 m optional) Operation of pump and boom: cable remote control (radio remote control optional) Drive output of the carrier truck, including with 4-wheel steering, all-wheel drive, rotating driver’s cab 75 kW The Chinese machine operator familiarises himself with the remote control of the SPM 500 PC 24 PM 4276 GB Tunnelling 64 Old tunnel: Length: 4,010 m 65 And it’s back to work again after an oxygen shower Overview of the main Chinese rail routes (Fig. China Rail) New tunnel: Length: 32,605 m The map shows the winding course of the old, 300 m high route section and the position of the two new, significantly longer, single lane tunnel pipes (Picture courtesy of China Railway 16 Bureau Group) Inhabitants of Xining in typical traditional costume 66 67 Concrete wet spraying machine with special spray arm kinematics Initially, a Putzmeister SPM 500 PC concrete wet spray manipulator will be used to secure the excavation. In late 2009 a second machine of the same type will be put into operation on the construction site. The allwheel-drive and all-wheel-steered concrete wet spray systems have a concrete pump which delivers an extremely even supply of shotcrete via hydraulic control. The shotcrete is applied with a highly mobile spray nozzle in combination with special spray arm kinematics. The hydraulic parallel guide of the front telescopic spray arm makes it possible to automatically keep the complete telescopic spraying arm with nozzle in a horizontal position – regardless of the angle of the first boom arm. Chinese site personnel before the commissioning of the PM shotcrete machine PM 4276 GB 25 Tunnelling / Excavation Faster to Tibet Low temperatures and “thin air” take their toll The tunnels form part of the transportation route (814 km) inaugurated in 1984 connecting Xining, capital of the Qinghai Province, and the city of Golmud situated further west. From 2000 to 2005, the railway line was extended by 1,142 km from Golmud to Lhasa, capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region (“Tibet Railway”). The China Railway 16 Bureau Group is commissioned with building over 17.3 km of tunnel – more than half of the entire Guanjiao Tunnel Project. The two single-track tunnels 40 m apart will be driven up from all four entrances to create an excavated cross section of approx. 90 m². Progress will be made both with the use of tunnelling machines as well as with drilling and blasting techniques. As part of tunnelling operations – once excavated and with the calotte strengthened with shotcrete – the walls and base are built moving a few meters at a time. The construction costs for the new Guanjiao Tunnel come to 2.5 billion RBM (approx. € 250 million). The construction time is estimated to be 53 months, and completion is planned for 2012. At temperatures as low as –36°C and atmospheric pressure reduced by one-third, the tunnelling operations at an altitude of 3,380 m put a strain on workers and machine opera68 tors. Typical symptoms experienced by site staff include shortness of breath, exhaustion, headaches and nausea. In case of emergency, there is oxygen equipment available at the construction site. The compressor output of the spray gun at this altitude is still at 100 % (the result of air volume times pressure remains constant), and the low static pressure has an effect on the suction in the shotcrete pump, at least in theory. However, at a maximum delivery rate of 30 m³/h, this loss in output cannot be detected in practice. Of course, the low temperatures are a problem (the annual average is below 0° C) – especially during the winter months. This also results in the formation of ice in the tunnels. This means that the shotcrete aggregates are stored in such a way that they do not freeze, and that the additive and water for the concrete batches and for cleaning purposes “free-flowing”… For more information, see: www.crcc.cn www.qh.xinhuanet.com The gradual conversion of the walls and base, which follow the calotte tunnelling, is clear to see BSA pumps concrete S.O.B. piles in Trinidad On the Caribbean island of Trinidad, three stationary BSA concrete pumps pump 2,000 drilled piles for an enormous bottom plate, on which the modern La Brea 720 MW gas turbine power plant is being constructed. The client for this $ 708 million project (approx. € 480 million) is Trinidad Generation Unlimited (TGU). Completion of the power plant is not planned before July 2011. 69 A BSA 1005 D delivers fine concrete to the augured pile device 26 During the five-month foundation work, the three Putzmeister BSA 1005 D were connected to the top car of the drilling apparatus via a flexible hose and pipework system. The foundation piles, which are up to 14 m deep, are produced as screw conveyor cast in place concrete (S.O.B.) piles. With this process, an endless screw conveyor with a liner is sunk under constant rotation and almost without displacing any ground. As soon as the desired depth is reached, the BSA pumps pump the concrete down through the liner. At the same time, the drilling apparatus pulls the drill upwards without rotating. A reinforcement basket is then driven into the concrete-filled hole. At the La Brea construction site, the specialists of Züblin Scandinavia A/S (Denmark) and Züblin Spezialtiefbau GmbH (Stuttgart) concrete the reinforced S.O.B. piles with a diameter of 60 cm. The main contractor of 70 For the S.O.B. piles, reaching down to 14 m, augurs the height of houses are required the project is the Danish construction company E. Phil & Sons. PM 4276 GB Power plant construction Food for the Telebelt ® – Bulk concrete for dam project 71 The Telebelt ® TB 130 while placing concrete at the Braamhoek dam The Ingula pumped storage power station will be the first hydroelectric power station to be built in South Africa for almost 20 years to cater for future electricity requirements. A mobile Telebelt ® telescopic conveyor capable of conveying concrete batches with aggregate 53 mm in diameter and a low cement content will be responsible for transporting the bulk concrete (RCC) to the location. The construction site is located in KwaZuluNatal, a province along the East coast of South Africa that is home to almost 10 million inhabitants. The new pumped storage station will consists of two reservoirs situated 4.6 km from one another with a difference of altitude of 470 m and connected by a hydropower tunnel. The access tunnels and the turbine house will also be located underground. The construction of two dams will be required to create the water reservoirs. The 480 m long, 49 m high Bedford dam will be constructed from rock and encased in concrete and the lower Braamhoek dam will be 330 m long, 39 m high and built from compressed bulk concrete containing coarse aggregate (roller-compacted concrete – RCC). PM 4276 GB 72 24 hours a day, 7 days a week A Putzmeister Telebelt ® TB 130 will be used to transport and distribute bulk concrete containing aggregate with a maximum diameter of 53 mm at the Braamhoek dam site as well as concrete with other consistencies (a total of more than 100,000 m³). The machine is the first mobile telescopic belt conveyor ever used in South Africa and is frequently used around the clock, seven days a week on the site. The concrete mixing plant is just 500 m from the dam construction site and has a capacity of 120 m³/h. The RCC contains a reduced cement share and must be integrated at a temperature of exactly 23°C. The summer months are much warmer, especially during the day, and so the RCC process water is cooled to 4°C in a separate cooling system prior to mixing. The owner of the Telebelt ® is Concor – a company that belongs to the Braamhoek Dam consortium. The consortium of the companies Concor Roads and Earthworks, WBHO Roads and Earthworks and Silver Rock had previously won the contract against international competitors. The construction work began in November 2007 and is due for completion in 2012. When the Ingula power station is commissioned in 2013, it will The telescoping conveyor belt can be guided accurately over the reinforcement generate a turbine output of 1,332 MW, making it the largest pumped storage power station in South Africa. 73 Truck mixers load the Telebelt ® feed conveyor. The insulation of the mixer drum is also clear to see, as it protects the cooled concrete from the high ambient temperatures 27 Less Wear · Longer Service Life · Greater Economy The New Generation Proline 67 10 mm : r e g s lon t s a l y l p m Si 7 6 e d n i n l e o r b P e n i l y r e ar v e i w l r e e d thick s! 0% n 5 o t i t s i o s lm an r a t n d a n e h b it Now w he pipe and tt a r e y la Order now: Phone +49 (0) 173 3 09 26 63 · spareparts@putzmeister.de 28 PM 4276 GB
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