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June C. Bolstridge
GAIA Corporation
9207 Wire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20901-3434
301-608-9469 gaiaco@earthlink.net
http://jgeglobal.net
June C. Bolstridge
 President of GAIA Corporation in Silver Spring, Maryland.
 Certified as a Qualified Environmental Professional (QEP).
 Environmental engineer with more than 30 years of experience
working with manufacturing corporations.
 Provide regulatory & technical updates on U.S. & European
topics for corporate EHS vice presidents, directors, & managers.
 Provide manufacturing corporations with compliance assistance,
environmental training, and tailored guidance development on
chemical management requirements under:
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Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA).
Spill Planning, Reporting, & Notification (EPCRA; CERCLA; SPCC)
European REACH Legislation.
Globally Harmonized System(GHS) for Chemical Classification & Labeling; &
European Classification, Labelling, & Packaging (CLP) regulations.
 Masters Degree in Environmental Engineering (University of
Washington) & B.S. in Chemistry & Botany (SUNY College of
Environmental Science and Forestry, & Syracuse University).
© 2015 June Bolstridge, GAIA Corporation
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Environmental Developments Affecting
Food & Beverage Corporations
Recap & Update from 2014:
Env. Regulatory Drivers Presentation
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Chemical lists, bans, & restrictions
Natural resource scarcity & disruptions
Data availability & information sharing
2015 Emerging Challenges:
regulatory, technical, & societal issues…
& useful resources & tools to address them.
© 2015 June Bolstridge, GAIA Corporation
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2014 Presentation: Chemical Lists & Bans
Pesticides & Endocrine Disruptors
 EPA Office of Pesticide Programs – Regulations
http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/food/viewtols.htm
 Endangered Species Act – pesticide assessment process
– being drafted (per 2013 National Academy of Sciences).
 Honeybees & pollinators protection plan – draft early
2015 (required by June 2014 Presidential Memo).
 Updated pesticide worker protection standards (proposed Mar.
2014) – train to reduce exposure & buffer zone on treated fields.
 Pesticide registrations now require evaluating spray drift &
volatilization using March 2014 guidance & models, & evaluations
for pollinator protection.
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Delayed by EPA budget & staff reductions (lowest since 1989).
 EPA Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program
http://www.epa.gov/endo/
 First results from Testing & Computational Toxicology Program.
 In 2015: expect results for 52 Tier 1 chemicals (mostly pesticides)
& selection of more Tier 1 candidate chemicals.
© 2015 June Bolstridge, GAIA Corporation
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2014 Presentation: Natural Resources Scarcity
Landfill Bans on Food Waste… Expect More
 Massachusetts landfill ban on commercial food waste of
1 ton/week or more effective on Oct. 1, 2014.
 June 2014 Guidance for Industry
http://www.mass.gov/eea/docs/dep/recycle/laws/orgguid.pdf
 Sites accepting diverted food waste http://www.mass.gov/
eea/docs/dep/recycle/reduce/06-thru-l/fdcomlst.pdf
 Connecticut & Vermont; Seattle, San Francisco
& Portland – ban landfilling commercial food waste.
 More landfills reaching capacity & EPA says
are 3rd largest source of methane in U.S. (a potent greenhouse gas)
http://epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases/ch4.html
 New York City law of Dec. 2013 takes effect July 1, 2015.
http://legistar.council.nyc.gov/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=1482542&GUID=DDD940
82-C0E5-4BF9-976B-BBE0CD858F8F&Options=&Search=
 Rhode Island’s 2014 law takes effect Jan. 1, 2016 – businesses &
institutions generating 2 tons of food scrap/week or more must use composting or
anaerobic digestion if facility is in 15 miles & costs < landfill. Exempts public grade
schools. http://webserver.rilin.state.ri.us/BillText/BillText14/HouseText14/H7033Aaa.pdf
 New Jersey – proposed law based on Rhode Island.
http://www.billtrak.net/bt216/billtext/S_2/S_2494I1.HTM
© 2015 June Bolstridge, GAIA Corporation
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2014 Presentation: Natural Resources Scarcity
Water – Cost & Availability in the U.S.:
 6% cost increase in 30 major U.S. cities in 2014, & rose a total of
33% since 2010. http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2014/world/pricewater-2014-6-percent-30-major-u-s-cities-33-percent-rise-since-2010/
 Bridging Concern and Action: Are US Companies Prepared for
Looming Water Challenges? (April 2014) – survey industries’ water effects.
http://voxglobal.com/managing-water-risk-study/
 GEMI’s Water Sustainability Tool http://www.gemi.org/water/
© 2015 June Bolstridge, GAIA Corporation
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Emerging Challenge: Waste Management
Estimated Volume of Food Waste
 30% of all food produced is wasted or goes uneaten
(UN’s Food & Agriculture Organization, 2010 report)
 USDA Food Loss Report: 1/3 is by retailers; 2/3 is by
consumers http://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2014-june/foodloss%e2%80%94questions-about-the-amount-and-causes-stillremain.aspx#.VPZ0yV45CE0 (June 2014)
© 2015 June Bolstridge, GAIA Corporation
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Emerging Challenge: Waste Management
Industry Report & Toolkit for Food Waste
 Food Waste Reduction Alliance
 Includes 30 manufacturers,
retail & foodservice operators,
NGOs, & waste mgmt. orgs.
 Started in 2011 by:
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Grocery Manufacturers Assoc.
Food Marketing Institute.
National Restaurant Assoc.
 November 2014 report, analysis,
& infographic on food waste from
manufacturing, resale, wholesale,
& restaurants; & reduction barriers
http://www.foodwastealliance.org/wpcontent/uploads/2014/11/FWRA_BSR_Tier3_FINAL.pdf
 Best Practices & Emerging Solutions Toolkit (Sept. 2014)
http://www.foodwastealliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/BestPractices-Toolkit-FINAL-5-1-14_rev091714.pdf
© 2015 June Bolstridge, GAIA Corporation
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Emerging Challenge: Waste Management
Global Accounting & Reporting Standard
 Food Loss & Waste Protocol – standard for food loss, food
waste, & inedible parts of food, & the ultimate disposition
http://www.wri.org/our-work/project/food-loss-waste-protocol
 Approach of World Resources Institute Greenhouse Gas
Protocol – what is defined can be measured & reduced.
 Expert groups are developing
Protocol methods; independent
of regulatory programs.
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WRI, along with FAO, UNEP,
World Business Council for
Sustainable Development,
Consumer Goods Forum,
Waste & Resources Action
Program, & EU FUSIONS.
 Expect to publish first version in September 2015.
© 2015 June Bolstridge, GAIA Corporation
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Emerging Challenge: Waste Management
Resources for Food Waste Reduction
 EPA Food Recovery Challenge
– 835 participants: grocers; stadiums & venues;
universities; cities & counties.
 Food waste recovery providers
http://www.epa.gov/foodrecovery/fd-service.htm#univ
 Food waste assessment tools http://www.epa.gov/
epawaste/conserve/foodwaste/tools/index.htm
 Webinars [6 biogas production facilities: March 2015]
http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/smm/foodrecovery/
frc_webnr_archve.htm
 Mobile App: Webalo SCIM
(Supply Chain & Inventory Management)
– secure development platform, for manufacturers, retailers &
wholesalers to manage inventory, real time on mobile devices
(January 29, 2015) https://www.webalo.com/webalo-bell-nursery-pr.php
 Integrates & shares data with enterprise applications from IBM, Oracle, Microsoft,
SAP, Salesforce.com & custom-built apps.
 Task list contained in the app was developed by Bell Nursery to manage plants at
170 stores & reduced inventory waste by 50%.
 Users can further customize the app to fit their specific supply chains.
© 2015 June Bolstridge, GAIA Corporation
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Emerging Challenge: Waste Management
GHG Emission from Waste Reductions
 EPA Waste Reduction Model (WARM) calculates GHG emissions
– 50 waste types http://epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/tools/warm/index.html
 Baseline & waste mgmt.(reduction, recycling, combustion, composting, &
landfilling) in carbon equivalent, CO2 equivalent, & energy (million BTU).
 June 2014 added source reduction factors for non-meat food waste
types (grains, bread, fruits & veggies, & dairy products) to Excel
version http://epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/tools/warm/pdfs/Food_Waste.pdf
© 2015 June Bolstridge, GAIA Corporation
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Emerging Challenge: Waste Management
Food Packaging Waste:
 American Institute for Packaging & Environment (AMERIPEN)
 Reducing Fresh Food Waste: Role of Packaging
http://ameripen.org/wp-content/uploads/Reducing
-Fresh-Food-Waste-Final.pdf
 Product Recovery Knowledge Map (PRKM)
https://sites.google.com/site/ameripenprkmwiki/
free on-line data on recovery of packaging material.
 Waste & Opportunity 2015: Environmental Progress and
Challenges in Food, Beverage, & Consumer Goods Packaging
– report by As You Sow & NRDC (February 2, 2015)
http://www.nrdc.org/business/files/consumer-goods-packaging-report.pdf
 Ranked packaging practices of 47 fast food, beverage, & consumer
product companies for: switch to reusable or less material; recycled
content; recyclability; & raising recycling rates.
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Starbucks aggressively seek recycling for packaging.
Wal-Mart reduced packaging in global supply chain by 5%.
Estimate $11.4B packaging material wasted/year, including unrecoverable
containers (flexible plastic pouch packaging must be landfilled).
© 2015 June Bolstridge, GAIA Corporation
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Emerging Challenge:
Wastewater, Stormwater, & Wetlands
 Wastewater – directly related to landfill & water issues:
 Liquid organic wastes (e.g., food process wash
water) are banned from Massachusetts landfills
http://www.mass.gov/eea/docs/dep/recycle/laws/orgguid.pdf
 World Health Organization: U.S. wastes
13 trillion gallons of water/year by producing
food that is wasted.
 Stormwater Resources:
 Stormwater Fact Sheet: “Food & Kindred Products Facilities”
http://water.epa.gov/polwaste/npdes/stormwater/upload/sector_u_food.pdf
 Stormwater Best Management Practices
http://water.epa.gov/polwaste/npdes/swbmp/index.cfm
 Summary of States’ Stormwater Requirements
http://www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/sw_state_summary_standards.pdf
© 2015 June Bolstridge, GAIA Corporation
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Emerging Challenge:
Wastewater, Stormwater, & Wetlands
 “Connectivity of Streams & Wetlands to
Downstream Waters: A Review & Synthesis
of the Scientific Evidence” (EPA/600/R-14/475F)
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm?deid=296414
 EPA Office of R&D review of 1,200 publications and
summarizes current understanding of connectivity
and mechanisms for streams and wetlands to affect
the physical, chemical, and biological integrity of
downstream waters (released January 15, 2015).
 Jan. 29, 2015 – “Waters of the U.S.” Proposed Rule –
withdrawn by EPA & Army Corps proposed in April 2014
(79 FR 22188) to clarify Clean Water Act authority to regulate
smaller water bodies like streams & rivers http://www2.epa.gov/
cleanwaterrule/memorandum-withdrawing-interpretive-rule
 Expect a new draft rule to redefine “Waters of the U.S.”
© 2015 June Bolstridge, GAIA Corporation
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Emerging Challenge: GHS Implementation
U.S. HCS Deadline: June 1, 2015
 Workplaces must have revised labels & Safety Data
Sheets (SDS) for all hazardous materials under the OSHA
Hazard Communication Standard (HCS).
 OSHA enforcement policy letter of Oct. 31, 2014
https://www.osha.gov/dep/enforcement/hazcom_enforcement-memo.html
– enforcement discretion on SDSs & labels, if company:
 Labels & MSDSs comply with current HCS requirements.
 Demonstrates due diligence & documents good faith effort to
obtain info., including contacting suppliers & to identify alternate
suppliers.
 Has plan to reach HCS compliance in “a reasonable period of
time after June 1, 2015.”
© 2015 June Bolstridge, GAIA Corporation
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Emerging Challenge: GHS Implementation
Review & Log Vendors’ SDS
 Evaluate SDS to verify contains 16 specific GHS headings
& that information matches the label.
 Recommend: prepare for frequent & repetitive revisions
to SDS by vendors & actively archive old versions of
SDSs – to reduce confusion & volume of SDSs.
 Log revisions & revise material acceptance procedures:
 Review formulation & composition changes for regulatory effects.
 Link the SDS to material formulation changes by lot or batch.
 Recognize revised materials’ hazard info. in reclassifications.
 Implement new training, safe handling, storage, & PPE.
 Revise any product labels within 6 months of new info.
© 2015 June Bolstridge, GAIA Corporation
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Emerging Challenge: GHS Implementation
2014 Citations at Food & Beverage Industries
 Top 5 Citations for Food Manufacturing https://www.osha.gov/
pls/imis/citedstandard.naics?p_naics=311&p_esize=&p_state=FEFederal
 Top 3 Citations for Beverage Manuf. https://www.osha.gov/
pls/imis/ citedstandard.naics?p_naics=3121&p_esize=&p_state=FEFederal
© 2015 June Bolstridge, GAIA Corporation
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Emerging Challenges: Social Innovation
Local Food Sourcing
 Trends in U.S. Local and Regional Food Systems: A
Report to Congress (January 2015)
http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/ap-administrative-publication/ap068.aspx
 FDA Food Environmental Atlas http://www.ers.usda.gov/dataproducts/food-environment-atlas/go-to-the-atlas.aspx
© 2015 June Bolstridge, GAIA Corporation
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Emerging Challenges: Social Innovation
Ingredients – Natural or Added by Industry
 Lead & cadmium concentrations in chocolates under California
Proposition 65 for failure to warn consumers (Feb. 11, 2015)
http://www.asyousow.org/our-work/environmental-health/toxic-enforcement/lead-andcadmium-in-food/
 As You Sow found 26 of 42 chocolate products above “safe harbor”
max. of 0.5 mg/day of lead & 4.1 mg/day of cadmium.
 Suing: Hershey’s, See’s Candies, Mars, Mondelez, Godiva,
Ghirardelli, Lindt, Green & Black’s, Bissingers, Kroger, Whole Foods,
Trader Joe’s, Earth Circle Organics, Moonstruck, Theo, Vosges, &
Lake Champlain.
 Azodicarbonamide (or E927) http://www.alternet.org/food/500-otherfoods-besides-subway-sandwich-bread-containing-yoga-mat-chemical
 Europe and Australia ban use in food; FDA deemed safe in US.
 Eliminated by Subway in February 2014.
 Contained in Dunkin, McDonald’s, Burger King, KFC, Starbucks, &
Arby’s
 “…commonly used to increase the elasticity of items such as shoe
soles and yoga mats, and was found to be carcinogenic in lab mice.”
© 2015 June Bolstridge, GAIA Corporation
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Emerging Challenges: Social Innovation
Natural or Artificial Colors & Flavors
 Nielson’s 2014 Global Health & Wellness Survey
[30,000 online respondents in 60 countries released January 2015]
http://www.nielsen.com/content/dam/nielsenglobal/eu/nielseninsights/pdfs/Ni
elsen%20Global%20Health%20and%20Wellness%20Report%20%20January%202015.pdf
Very Important to Purchase Decision:
No artificial colors & flavors
Sustainably sourced ingredients
Organic ingredients
Locally sourced herbs or ingredients
U.S. Respondents
European Respondents
29%
20%
24%
20%
42%
25%
28%
23%
 Center for Science in the Public Interest – petitioning U.S.
manufacturers http://www.cspinet.org/fooddyes/
 Nestle will have all natural colorants by end of 2015; were
already replaced in UK in 2012 “due to consumer sentiment”.
 Hershey – “simple ingredient policy” phased-in & new products.
 Mars – exploring natural alternatives; sees no risk or concerns.
© 2015 June Bolstridge, GAIA Corporation
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Emerging Challenge:
Food Safety & International Markets
 FDA Food Safety Modernization Act [1st compliance deadlines: late 2016]
http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/FSMA/default.htm
 “National Kick-Off Meeting on FSMA Implementation” – April 23-24.
 Court-ordered deadlines for FDA to issue 7 final FSMA rules remain:
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Aug. 30, 2015: Preventive Controls for Human Food; & Preventive Controls for Animal Food
Oct. 31, 2015: Produce Safety; Foreign Supplier Verification; & Accrediting 3rd Party Auditors
March 31, 2016: Sanitary Transportation of Food
May 31, 2016: Intentional Adulteration
 World Health Organization (WHO)
 World Health Day April 7, 2015
– will be dedicated to food safety
http://www.who.int/foodsafety/en/
 Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC)
http://www.who.int/foodsafety/areas_work/chemical-risks/TTC/en/
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Establish globally agreed level for chemicals in food.
Report due late Spring 2015.
 Comparison of Global Food Traceability Regulations & Requirements
from Global Food Traceability Center (GFTC)
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/enhanced/doi/10.1111/1541-4337.12101/ (August 2014) –
report on 21 countries traceability regulations & database, & required
documentation for imported products.
© 2015 June Bolstridge, GAIA Corporation
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Emerging Challenge: Nanomaterials
EPA Draft Data Collection Requirements
 TSCA Section 8(a) Rule for Manufactured or Processed
Nanoscale Materials – sent to OMB Oct. 6, 2014 & planned for
March 2015, but not yet publicly released
http://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/eAgendaViewRule?pubId=
201410&RIN=2070-AJ54 [EPA withdrew 2014 proposed reg.]
 Require detailed reporting of production volume,
methods of manufacture & processing, exposure &
release information, & available health & safety data.
 2015 Preliminary Clean Water Act Effluent Limitations
Guidelines Plan (Sept. 16, 2014; 79 FR 55472) requires any
information available on wastewater hazards & discharges
associated with manufacture of nanomaterials & use in
manufacturing or formulating products, & any other relevant
information.
 Expect final plan in September 2015.
© 2015 June Bolstridge, GAIA Corporation
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Emerging Challenge: Nanomaterials
FDA: June 2014 Nanotechnology Guidance
 FDA "does not make a categorical judgment that
nanotechnology is inherently safe or harmful, and will continue
to consider the specific characteristics of individual products.”
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“Industry remains responsible for ensuring that its products meet all applicable legal
requirements, including standards for safety”.
Guidance to clarify regulations on nanomaterials & encourage
manufacturers to consult FDA before marketing products.
 Nanotechnology approach to FDA regulated products:
http://www.fda.gov/ScienceResearch/SpecialTopics/Nanotechnology/default.htm
 External or internal dimension between 1 to 100 nanometers.
 Engineered to exhibit physical or chemical properties, or biological
effects attributable to its dimension(s), even if these dimensions
fall outside the nanoscale range, up to one micrometer (1,000 nm).
 Draft guidance on food for animals
http://www.fda.gov/ScienceResearch/SpecialTopics/Nanotechnology/ucm401782.htm
 June 2014 FDA non-binding guidance on “Emerging Technologies”
discusses nanomaterials & food safety: Guidance for Industry: Assessing
Effects of Significant Manufacturing Process Changes, Including Emerging
Technologies, on the Safety and Regulatory Status of Food Ingredients &
Food Contact Substances http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/
GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/ucm300661.htm
© 2015 June Bolstridge, GAIA Corporation
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Emerging Challenge: Nanomaterials
Other Influence on U.S. Food Industry
 Slipping Through the Cracks: An Issue Brief on Nanomaterials
in Foods – report by As You Sow
http://www.asyousow.org/ays_report/slipping-through-the-cracks/
 Dunkin Brands will remove titanium dioxide, a whitening agent
commonly containing nanomaterials, from all powdered sugar used
on Dunkin Donuts.
 As You Sow withdrew shareholder proposal to require assessment
& reduce nano materials risk;
received 18.7% support at 2014 annual meeting.
 EU required listing engineered nanomaterials
on food labels in force on 13 December 2014
http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/labellingnutrition/foodlabelling/index_en.htm
 Ingredients list must identify engineered nanomaterials with
the word "nano" in brackets after the ingredient name.
 3 year phase-in for new labels, established in 2011.
 Distribution allowed of stocks already placed on market or labeled.
© 2015 June Bolstridge, GAIA Corporation
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Wrap-Up:
 Update to 2014 “Regulatory Drivers”.
 Emerging challenges for 2015…
& useful resources & tools]
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Waste management
Water: stormwater, wetlands, & Waters of the U.S.
GHS implementation – U.S. OSHA Haz. Com. Standard
Social innovation – local sourcing & ingredients
Food safety & international markets
Nanomaterials
 More Info: Sustainability Resources Handout
– see me during the conference for a copy.
© 2015 June Bolstridge, GAIA Corporation
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