1. business and industrial
2. energy
3. renewable energy
4. biofuel

Latest Generation Epoxy Novalac
Solvent Free Coatings for the biofuel
market
Content of the presentation
•
•
•
•
•
•
The tendencies in the petrochemical land storage market
Difference between bio-ethanol types and biodiesels based on FAME
Difference in the impact on the land storage coatings
The answer from the coating manufacturers
Chemical background of the new technologies used
Outlook for the future
Tendencies in the petrochemical land
storage market
Motor gasoline mix
Biofuel
6%
Biofuel
3%
Motor Gasoline
97%
2007
Motor Gasoline
94%
2012
Tendencies in the petrochemical land
storage market
Biofuel mix
Biodiesel
19%
Fuel ethanol
81%
2007
Tendencies in the petrochemical land
storage market
BIO Fuels
Hydro-carbon Bio-Fuel
mixtures
100 %
BIO based
Petrol+ Bio fuel
Ethanol
Diesel + Bio fuel
Vegetable oils
Palm oil fatty acids
Bio gas
Difference between bio-ethanol and
biodiesels based on FAME
Biofuel
Biofuel
Typical grades
Bio-ethanol
Biodiesel
E5: 5 % blend of ethanol in gasoline
E10: 10 % blend of ethanol in gasoline
B5: 5 % blend of FAME in diesel
B20: 10 % blend of FAME in diesel
 Biofuel is considered an important mean of reducing greenhouse
gas emissions and increasing energy security.
 Biodiesel is produced from any fat or oil such as soybean oil, rape seed oil
and palm oil.
 Typical grades are biodiesel B5 (blend of 5 % fatty acid methyl ester (FAME)
and conventional petroleum diesel.
100% bio based fuels
• Ethanol made from
– Sugar cane
– Grain
– Corn
C2H5OH
100% bio based fuels
Bio Diesel made from vegetable
oil
– Rape seed
– Palm oil
– and other vegetable oils
FAME (fatty acid methyl
ester)
Impact on the tankcoatings used
The impact of bio-ethanol and FAME is different!
• Most existing tank coatings based on standard epoxy
technology are also resistant to FAME
• Most existing tank coatings
based on standard
epoxy technology are also
resistant to E5
• BUT : ethanol/fuel mixtures of
>5% are problematic!
• Many failures of coating
systems are to be expected in
the coming years
• The impact on this on the protective coatings market should
not be underestimated
The answer from the coating
manufacturors
Market requirements
• Tank owners require the next generation solvent free phenolic
epoxy tank linings
that are resistant to latest
gasoline blends from
E5 to E100 and biodiesel.
• Increasing high
temperature resistance
to crude oil.
PPG PMC has listened to the market and elaborated their epoxy
novolac technology
Chemical background of the new
technologies used
Standard epoxy (tank) technology is based on 2-dimensional
polymers :
A
A
A
B
AB
B
B
A (F=2) + B (F=2) => chain
lengthening
Epoxy novolac tank coating technology is based on 3dimensional polymers
A
A
B
B
AB
B
A (F=3) + B (F=2)
A
=>
B
A
B
crosslinking
A
B
B
Chemical background of the new
technologies used
Novolac epoxy:
O
O
HC
O
HC
CH2
CH2
O
HC
CH2
CH2
CH2
O
O
CH2
CH2
n
(F>2)
CH2
Chemical background of the new
technologies used
Classical solvent based novolac epoxy: F > 3
Example : Phenguard series
New solvent based novolac epoxies: F = +/- 2,5
Example : Novaguard series
The classical solvent based novolac epoxies are generaly resistant
to ethanol (with additional curing requirements)
PPG has further developed the solvent free range and has now a
product resistant to ethanol without additional curing requirements
Application Area
Typical chemical resistance chart
Biodiesel B5
Biodiesel B10
Biodiesel B100 (FAME)
Crude naphtha
Crude oil
Gas condensate
Gasoline E5
Gasoline E10
Gasoline E20
Gasoline E85
Heavy fuel oil
Jet fuel
Unleaded gasoline
Sigma NovaGuard
840
Standard
Epoxy Novalac
+
+
+
+
+, 90 °C, note 2
+
+
+, 90 °C, note 2
+
+
New
Epoxy
Novalac 890
Sigma
NovaGuard
+
+
+
+
+, 90 °C, note 2
+
+
+
+
+
+, 90 °C, note 2
+
+
Features & Benefits (1)
• Can be applied with standard airless equipment (no
hot twin feed application)
• No limitation to the amount of (bio)ethanol present
gasoline blends to provide maximum storage
flexibility of today’s tank terminals.
• No hot cure required when gasoline blends with
ethanol are stored, maximum application flexibility.
• Wide chemical resistance to crude oil up to 90 °C,
unleaded gasoline’s, and biofuels.
• One-coat system directly to steel, no primer required,
reducing down time.
Features & Benefits (2)
• Drying down to 5 °C creating maximum application
window flexibility and reducing turnaround times.
• Good filling properties making it an excellent choice for
refurbishment of pitted tanks.
• Can be reinforced by chopped fiber or glass laminates,
which makes it full package coating for tank maintenance.
• Light colour improves the application and inspection
characteristics.
• The smooth and glossy appearance, easy to clean.
• Solvent free, improving working safety.
Specification
Typical specification
Standard
• New Solvent Free Epoxy Novalac, 400 μm
Large tanks when holding primer is required
• Epoxy Novalac holding primer, 75 μm
• New Solvent Free Epoxy Novalac, 400 μm
Outlook to the future
Based on this new technology, PPG seeks to
further improve/complete the product range :
• Conductive version for certain regions where this
is required
• Quicker drying products
• …
Thank you for your attention!