1. science
2. ecology
3. pollution

FINAL
Finding of No Significant Impact
Environmental Assessment
Glynn County Storm Water
Re-routing on FLETC Campus
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center
Brunswick, Glynn County, Georgia
US Army Corps of Engineers
Savannah Planning Center
Savannah, Georgia
April 2012
FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT
Proposed Glynn County Storm Water
Re-routing on FLETC Campus
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center
Brunswick, Georgia
NAME OF ACTION
Glynn County is proposing to re-route storm water drainage into an existing drainage ditch on
the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) campus at Glynco, Georgia.
DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTION
This proposed action would re-route storm water from residential communities south of Chapel
Crossing Road onto the FLETC campus north of Chapel Crossing Road. This storm water
would be re-routed through a 48 inch culvert recently installed underneath Chapel Crossing
Road (Appendix A; Figure 2). This storm water re-routed underneath Chapel Crossing Road
would enter the FLETC campus into an existing drainage ditch flowing northeast 1500 feet
across the southeast corner of the FLETC campus. The water would then turn east and flow
into a box culvert before exiting the FLETC campus through an unnamed tributary to Troup
Creek flowing southeast paralleling Old Belle Point Road.
The maximum discharge onto the FLETC campus from this 48 inch culvert would not exceed
43.5 cubic feet per second during the 25-year storm event. The invert elevation of the culvert
would be designed to not receive the first flush of storm water, which would continue to flow
through the existing outfall to Belle Point. The first flush is defined by the Georgia Storm
Water Management Manual as the first 1.2 inches of rainfall within 24 hours of a storm event.
This first flush contains most of the Petroleum, Oil, and Lubricants (POLs) that is typical of
residential runoff.
ALTERNATIVES
In the initial evaluation of alternatives, FLETC took into consideration minimum selection
criteria. Only those alternatives that met these criteria were considered suitable for detailed
analysis. The selection criteria were:





conformity to all federal and state laws and regulations;
technical feasibility;
logistical feasibility;
cost efficiency/budget constraints; and
environmental compliance and conformity.
Due to a lack of any more than minor environmental impacts from the proposed action, only
the following alternatives were considered: (1) No Action Alternative, (2) Alternate Locations,
and (3) the Proposed Action.
FONSI-i
ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
The analysis of the proposed action in the attached EA indicates there would not be any
significant adverse impacts associated with the implementation of the proposed action.
Specifically, no significant effects are anticipated from the proposed action on threatened and
endangered species, water resources, or cultural resources.
MITIGATION
The proposed action would not be expected to have adverse environmental impacts, and
therefore, would not require mitigation.
FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT
The EA for this project was prepared and evaluated pursuant to the National Environmental
Policy Act (NEPA) (Public Law 91-190, 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and the Department of
Homeland Security’s (DHS) Environmental Planning Program (Federal Register, Volume 71,
No. 64; dated April 4, 2006). It has been concluded that the proposed construction and
operation of this project does not constitute a “major federal action significantly affecting the
quality of the human environment” when considered individually or cumulatively in the context
of the referenced act including both direct and indirect impacts; therefore, an Environmental
Impact Statement is not required.
PUBLIC/AGENCY COMMENT
This EA and Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) have been coordinated with
appropriate parties that may have an interest in the project. To date, there have been no
comments received that were averse to the proposed action. Coordination with all appropriate
parties is detailed in Section 6.0 and Appendix C.
POINT OF CONTACT
Comments and inquiries for further information about this EA and FONSI should be directed to
Mr. Martin Fife, Environmental Protection Specialist, P.G., Federal Law Enforcement Training
Center, 1131 Chapel Crossing Road, Brunswick, Georgia 31524; telephone number (912) 2614038.
Reviewed and Approved by:
C. Michelle Bryan
Acting Deputy Assistant Director
Administration Directorate
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center
FONSI-ii
Date
Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
FLETC Glynco Campus, Brunswick, Georgia
Final Environmental Assessment
April 2012
Table of Contents
Section
Page
Finding of No Significant Impact ............................................................................FONSI-i
List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... ii
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................. iii
1
2
3
Proposed Action .............................................................................................1
1.1
Background .............................................................................................................................. 1
1.2
Description of the Proposed Action .................................................................................. 2
1.3
Need for the Proposed Action ............................................................................................. 4
1.4
Location of the Proposed Action ....................................................................................... 4
Description of the Proposed Alternatives ...............................................5
2.1
No-Action Alternative ............................................................................................................ 5
2.2
Alternatives .............................................................................................................................. 5
2.3
Proposed Action (Preferred Alternative) .......................................................................... 5
Affected Environment ...................................................................................7
3.1
Physiographic Setting ........................................................................................................... 7
3.2
Groundwater ............................................................................................................................ 7
3.3
Natural Resources .................................................................................................................. 8
3.3.1 Vegetation ..................................................................................................................................................8
3.3.2 Jurisdictional Waters ..................................................................................................................................9
3.4
Protected Species ................................................................................................................ 10
3.5
Cultural Resources .............................................................................................................. 18
3.5.1
3.5.2
3.5.3
3.5.4
4
Archeological Resources .......................................................................................................................... 18
Prehistoric Period ..................................................................................................................................... 18
Historic Resources ................................................................................................................................... 19
Historic Period ......................................................................................................................................... 20
3.6
Hazardous Materials ............................................................................................................ 21
3.7
Coastal Zone Management................................................................................................. 21
3.8
Traffic Circulation and Safety............................................................................................ 22
3.9
Air Quality ............................................................................................................................... 22
Environmental Impacts ...............................................................................23
4.1
Natural Resources ................................................................................................................ 23
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Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
FLETC Glynco Campus, Brunswick, Georgia
Final Environmental Assessment
April 2012
4.2
Jurisdictional Waters of the United States .................................................................... 23
4.3
Protected Species ................................................................................................................ 23
4.4
Cultural Resources .............................................................................................................. 23
4.5
Hazardous Materials ............................................................................................................ 24
4.6
Socioeconomics ................................................................................................................... 24
4.7
Coastal Zone Management................................................................................................. 24
4.8
Traffic Circulation/Health & Safety................................................................................... 24
4.9
Air Quality ............................................................................................................................... 25
4.10
Noise Impacts ........................................................................................................................ 25
4.11
Environmental Justice - Executive Order 12898 .......................................................... 25
4.12
Environmental Health and Safety of Children - Executive Order 12045 ................ 25
4.14
Storm Water Management .................................................................................................. 25
4.15
Cumulative Impacts ............................................................................................................. 26
4.16
Mitigation ................................................................................................................................ 26
5
Compliance with State/Federal Authorities ..........................................28
6
Consultation and Coordination ................................................................29
7
List of Preparers ...........................................................................................30
8
References .....................................................................................................31
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Generalized Cultural Chronology for the Prehistoric Occupation of the Georgia Coast
and Coastal Plain................................................................................................................... 19
Table 2: Generalized Cultural Chronology for the Historic Period of Georgia........................... 20
Table 3: Summary of Impacts of Proposed Action...................................................................... 27
Table 4: Relationship of Project to Environmental Requirements .............................................. 28
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A - Figures and Photos
Figure 1: Vicinity Map
Figure 2: Proposed Action and Impact Area
Figure 3: New Drainage Area
Figure 4: Map of Facility Wetlands/Historic Districts
Figure 5: FLETC Storm Water System
Figure 6: Renovation of Driver Training Ranges 7 & 8
Appendix B - Threatened and Endangered Species
Appendix C - Public/Agency Coordination, Comments, Responses
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Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
FLETC Glynco Campus, Brunswick, Georgia
Final Environmental Assessment
April 2012
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
CEQ
Council on Environmental Quality
CFR
Code of Federal Regulations
CWA
Clean Water Act
cfs
cubic feet per second
DHS
Department of Homeland Security
DERP-FUDS
Defense Environmental Restoration Program - Formerly Used
Defense Sites
EA
Environmental Assessment
EO
Executive Order
EPA
United States Environmental Protection Agency
EPD
Environmental Protection Division
FEMA
Federal Emergency Management Agency
FLETC
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center
FONSI
Finding of No Significant Impact
HTRW
Hazardous, Toxic, and Radiological Waste
HAZMAT
Hazardous Material
ILEA
International Law Enforcement Academy
msl
mean sea level
NAS
Naval Air Station
NEPA
National Environmental Policy Act
NRHP
National Register of Historic Places
NOA
Notice of Availability
POL
Petroleum, Oil, and Lubricants
SBI
Secure Border Initiative
SCS
Soil Conservation Service
SHPO
State Historic Preservation Office
USACE
United States Army Corps of Engineers
USFWS
United States Fish and Wildlife Services
USGS
United States Geologic Survey
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FLETC Glynco Campus, Brunswick, Georgia
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Final Environmental Assessment
April 2012
Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
FLETC Glynco Campus, Brunswick, Georgia
1
Final Environmental Assessment
April 2012
Proposed Action
1.1 Background
The Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) is the nation’s leading organization
for interagency training of Federal law enforcement personnel. Its mission is to provide high
quality, cost-effective training to Federal law enforcement officers and agents. There are
approximately 81 Federal agencies participating in training at FLETC, a component of the
Department of Homeland Security (DHS). In addition, state and local law enforcement
agencies from all 50 states, US Territories, and some foreign countries train and re-qualify at
the FLETC facilities.
The Center is headquartered at the Glynco, Georgia facility, near the port city of Brunswick,
halfway between Savannah, Georgia, and Jacksonville, Florida. In addition to the Glynco
facility, FLETC operates two other residential training sites in Artesia, New Mexico, and
Charleston, South Carolina. FLETC also operates an in-service re-qualification training
facility in Cheltenham, Maryland, for use by agencies with large concentrations of personnel
in the Washington, DC, area.
FLETC has oversight and program management responsibility for the International Law
Enforcement Academy (ILEA) in Gaborone, Botswana; San Salvador, El Salvador; and
Lima, Peru. FLETC also supports training at other ILEAs in Hungary and Thailand.
The DHS Strategic Plan is used to ensure coordinated actions to prepare for and prevent
terrorism in order to protect the United States and its interests abroad. Consolidation of law
enforcement training permits the Federal Government to provide training excellence in a
cost-effective manner. Professional instruction and practical application provide students
with the skills and knowledge necessary to meet the demanding challenges of a Federal law
enforcement career. Personnel learn the responsibilities of a law enforcement officer, and,
through interaction with students from other Federal agencies, also become acquainted with
the missions and duties of their colleagues. This interaction within the FLETC campus
provides the foundation for a more cooperative Federal law enforcement effort.
This Environmental Assessment (EA) follows the guidelines and regulations established by
the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA). This EA assesses and analyzes the
environmental impacts that would result from implementation of the proposed action and
alternatives. This EA also contains discussions of any mitigation and permit requirements,
and findings and conclusions in accordance with NEPA. Such information provides the basis
for DHS to determine whether to prepare an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) or a
Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI). The use of the term “significant” (and
derivations thereof) in this EA is consistent with the definition and guidelines provided in the
Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) regulations [40 Code of Federal Regulations
(CFR) 1508.27], which require consideration of both the context and intensity of impacts.
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Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
FLETC Glynco Campus, Brunswick, Georgia
Final Environmental Assessment
April 2012
1.2 Description of the Proposed Action
This proposed action would re-route storm water from residential communities south of
Chapel Crossing Road (Appendix A; Figure 3) onto the FLETC campus north of Chapel
Crossing Road. This storm water would be re-routed through a 48 inch Re-enforced
Concrete Pipe (RCP) recently installed underneath Chapel Crossing Road (Figure 2;
Appendix A). This storm water that would be re-routed underneath Chapel Crossing Road
would enter the FLETC campus into an existing drainage ditch flowing northeast 1540 feet
across the southeast corner of the FLETC campus (Figure 2; Appendix A). The water would
then turn east and flow into a box culvert before exiting the FLETC campus through an
unnamed tributary to Troup Creek flowing southeast paralleling Old Belle Point Road.
All of the storm water proposed for re-routing in this project currently flows east through an
outfall paralleling Chapel Crossing Road (on the south side) to the cross drain under US
Highway 17; and then flowing south paralleling Highway 17 under both the north and south
entrances to the Belle Point subdivision until entering the tidal salt marsh. Smaller rainfall
events (1.2 inches and less or first flush) would continue to use this outfall under the
proposed action. Currently, this is the only outfall for the Fairway Oaks subdivision. This
proposed action is expected to alleviate flooding within the Belle Point and Fairway Oaks
subdivisions.
The maximum discharge onto the FLETC campus from this 48 inch RCP would not exceed
43.5 cubic feet per second (cfs) during the 25-year (24 hour) storm event. The invert
elevation of the culvert would be designed to not receive the first flush of storm water, which
would continue to flow through the existing outfall to Belle Point. The first flush is defined
by the Georgia Storm Water Management Manual as the first 1.2 inches of rainfall within 24
hours of a storm event. This first flush contains most of the Petroleum, Oil, and Lubricants
(POLs) that is typical of residential runoff; thereby eliminating any water quality impacts
onto the FLETC campus from the proposed action.
Improvements to the FLETC drainage ditch would be needed to accommodate the re-routed
water from 48 inch RCP pipe. These improvements require the upper section (900 feet) of
the existing FLETC drainage ditch to be deepened by a maximum of 1.5 feet; which
necessitates a reshaping of the ditch to accommodate the additional depth. This 900-foot
section that requires deepening starts at the south end of the ditch (near the fence and the 48
inch RCP) to the first major confluence of ditches in the run. The existing surveys (Glynn
County 2011) indicate that after the confluence, the ditch depth drops and the ditch bottom
flattens out.
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Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
FLETC Glynco Campus, Brunswick, Georgia
Final Environmental Assessment
April 2012
Looking upstream at existing ditch that Glynn County is tying in to
Looking downstream toward the only outfall structure (4 by 8-foot concrete box culvert)
from the FLETC campus, which drains into Troupe Creek Tributary
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Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
FLETC Glynco Campus, Brunswick, Georgia
Final Environmental Assessment
April 2012
Looking upstream on unnamed tributary, at confluence with ditch.
Ditch approaches from the left.
1.3 Need for the Proposed Action
The proposed project is designed to remove flooding from neighborhoods south of the
FLETC southern boundary, primarily the Fairway Oaks and Belle Point residential
subdivisions. During a September 2009 rainfall event, much of Fairway Oaks and Belle
Point flooded along with a section of US Highway just south of Chapel Crossing Road.
1.4 Location of the Proposed Action
The FLETC Glynco campus is located in Glynn County in southeast Georgia and consists of
1,620 acres, which was formerly part of the 4,200-acre Glynco Naval Air Station (NAS).
This FLETC campus is mostly developed land consisting of student dormitories, classrooms,
office and warehouse space, firing ranges, driving courses, and roads. The remaining
undeveloped portion of the campus is primarily wetlands (188 acres) and timberland (natural
and planted pine plantation).
The proposed action is sited within an existing drainage ditch running 1500 feet across the
southeast corner of the FLETC campus. This area of the campus is largely undeveloped and
consists of a stand of natural pine timber (see Appendix A; Figures 2 and 4). The site is
located at Latitude 31 degrees, 13 minutes, 45 seconds North; Longitude 81 degrees, 27
minutes, 40 seconds West. The subject site is very level at approximately 10 feet above msl
and drains off campus into a tributary of Troup Creek (USACE 20011).
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Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
FLETC Glynco Campus, Brunswick, Georgia
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Final Environmental Assessment
April 2012
Description of the Proposed Alternatives
In the initial evaluation of alternatives, DHS took into consideration minimum selection
criteria. Only those alternatives that met these criteria were considered suitable for detailed
analysis. The selection criteria were:





conformity to all federal and state laws and regulations;
technical feasibility;
logistical feasibility;
cost efficiency/budget constraints; and
environmental compliance and conformity.
Due to a lack of any more than minor environmental impacts from the proposed action, only
the following alternatives were considered: (1) No Action Alternative, (2) Alternate
Locations, and (3) the Proposed Action.
2.1 No-Action Alternative
The CEQ regulations prescribes inclusion of the No Action Alternative as the benchmark
against which federal actions are evaluated. Under the No Action Alternative, the proposed
project would not occur at FLETC. Storm water would continue to be concentrated in the
outfall ditch adjacent south of Chapel Crossing Road to the cross drain under US 17.
Without this storm water re-routing onto the FLETC campus, residents of Belle Point and
Fairway Oaks subdivisions would continue to be flooded during some storm events. This
flooding would be expected to result in adverse health and economic impacts to residents in
these areas.
2.2 Alternatives
Enlarging 3 existing culverts under Highway 17
Due to Highway 17 being a Federal Highway, this alternative was cost prohibitive due the
extensive logical consequences of closing a Federal Highway for an extended period of time.
Glynn County does not currently have the budget required for this alternative. Therefore,
this alternative was eliminated.
Private Golf Course
A private golf course (Brunswick County Club) south of campus that has refused to consider
integrating a detention pond into their golf course. Therefore, this option was eliminated.
2.3 Proposed Action (Preferred Alternative)
The proposed action would efficiently provide the necessary drainage to improve storm water
management within Glynn County. This option would not have any adverse impacts to
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Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
FLETC Glynco Campus, Brunswick, Georgia
Final Environmental Assessment
April 2012
jurisdictional wetlands or other jurisdictional waters of the United States. During this study,
there have been no direct or indirect impacts identified to be associated with this project.
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Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
FLETC Glynco Campus, Brunswick, Georgia
3
Final Environmental Assessment
April 2012
Affected Environment
This chapter describes the surrounding area associated with the alternative actions, and the
condition of the existing environment at the location of the proposed action. The
characterization of existing conditions provides a baseline for assessing the potential
environmental impacts from activities associated with the proposed action. A general overall
description is followed by information concerning significant resources that would be
affected by implementation of any of the alternatives. This discussion does not include
information on all significant resources of the study area, since many of these would not be
impacted by alternatives under consideration.
3.1 Physiographic Setting
FLETC is located in Glynn County, Georgia, one of the southernmost counties in the State.
Glynn County falls within Georgia's coastal zone, and more specifically the Barrier Island
Sequence physiographic district. The Barrier Island Sequence covers 1,405,533.6 hectares,
or 15.1 percent of Georgia (Elliott and Sassman 1995). The area is comprised of marshes,
tidal creeks, lagoons, islands, mainland coast and maritime forests. This physiographic
region developed over a period of time as a result of fluctuating sea levels that created a
series of shorelines. As the water level changed, a new shoreline, or terrace, formed that was
lower and more easterly than the previous one. The older shorelines are visible today as sand
ridges while the younger shorelines comprise the coastal islands (USDA 1980).
Glynn County is situated within the Altamaha watershed that is comprised of the Altamaha,
Ocmulgee, Oconee, and Ohoopee rivers. The Altamaha Watershed covers the largest area in
the State, and waters in this watershed drain to the Atlantic Ocean.
The FLETC Glynco campus is located in Glynn County in southeast Georgia, 3 miles north
of Brunswick, Georgia. The climate is mild with hot humid summers and abundant yearly
rainfall. Brief frost and freeze events occur in winter. Snowfall is rare, occurring on average
less than once per year.
3.2 Groundwater
The most productive aquifers in Georgia are in the Coastal Plain Province in the southern part of
the state. Coastal plain aquifers are generally confined except near their northern limits, where
they crop out or are near land surface. Aquifers in the Coastal Plain Province include the
Floridan aquifer system and the Brunswick aquifer systems.
The Floridan aquifer system has been divided into the Upper and Lower Floridan Aquifers. The
Upper Floridan is the aquifer of choice in the coastal area because it lies at a relatively shallow
depth of 40-900 feet, has high water-yielding capabilities (1000-5000 gallons per minute), and
yields water of good quality. This aquifer supplies 50 percent of groundwater in Georgia.
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Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
FLETC Glynco Campus, Brunswick, Georgia
Final Environmental Assessment
April 2012
The Lower Floridan Aquifer contains highly permeable zones; however utilization is limited by
the excessive depth and poor water quality. In the southern part of Georgia, the Lower Floridan
Aquifer contains an extremely permeable water-bearing zone called the Fernandina permeable
zone. The Fernandina permeable zone contains highly saline water in the southern part of
coastal Georgia, and is the source of saltwater contamination in the Brunswick area.
Overlying the Floridan Aquifer are the sandy upper and lower Brunswick Aquifers, which are
present mostly in the Glynn County area. This aquifer, which is at a depth of 85-390 feet is not
a major source of water in coastal Georgia, but considered a supplemental water supply to the
Floridan Aquifer. Most wells are multi-aquifer, tapping the upper and lower Brunswick aquifers
and the Upper Floridan Aquifer. The common yield range is 10-30 gallons per minute. The
Brunswick aquifers supply water for irrigation, public, and some industry use.
The Surficial Aquifer, which overlies the Brunswick Aquifers, is present throughout the
coastal area. The Surficial Aquifer has a common range of 11-72 feet in depth and supplies
water mostly for domestic and small-scale irrigation uses. The common range for yield is 225 gallons per minute. Surficial and groundwater flow is generally southeast.
3.3 Natural Resources
The 1620-acre campus is mostly developed consisting of student dormitories, classrooms,
office and warehouse space, firing ranges, driving courses and roads. The remaining
undeveloped portion of the campus is primarily wetlands (198 acres) and timberland (natural
and planted pine). The site of the proposed action is in a relatively undeveloped area of the
FLETC campus, which is within a large stand of pine timberland.
3.3.1 Vegetation
The site vicinity is dominated by vegetation typically associated with upland pine stands that
have been subjected to intensive forest management practices (i.e. regular control burning).
Thus, there is a very sparse midstory and understory. The overstory is dominated by a
natural stand of Slash and Longleaf pine that has been present on this site for at least the last
70 years. The area to the side of the ditch is clear of vegetation other than grass as illustrated
in photo below.
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Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
FLETC Glynco Campus, Brunswick, Georgia
Final Environmental Assessment
April 2012
Ditch proposed to receive re-routed storm water from Glynn County
3.3.2 Jurisdictional Waters
The subject site is relatively level at 10 feet above mean sea level (msl), and has no surface
water bodies on site. The vicinity is gently sloped land draining southeast (USACE 2011).
Jurisdictional Waters of the United States: There are no wetlands located within the
impact area of the proposed action as illustrated in the FLETC Facility Wide Wetland
Delineation (USACE 2001). The site investigation (USACE 2011) also did not reveal the
presence of any jurisdictional wetlands within the project impact area. The nearest
jurisdictional wetland is located 1250 feet northwest to the proposed action (USACE 2001).
This 4.4-acre palustrine forested wetland is located at Latitude 31 degrees, 13 minutes, 58
seconds North; Longitude 81 degrees, 27 minutes, 48.7 seconds West; and situated at
approximately 10 feet above msl. This wetland is not being drained by subject ditch in the
proposed action. There are also no other wetlands upstream that are being drained by the
ditch that is proposed to be used for re-routing storm water.
Site of proposed action: The soil type on the site of the proposed action are classified as
Mandarin fine sand. Mandarin is a deep, somewhat poorly drained, nearly level soil located
on slight ridges and broad flats in the Atlantic Coast Flatwoods (USDA 1980). Typically this
soil type is fine sand throughout, and the water table ranges from 1.5 to 3.5 feet (USDA
1980). Mandarin is classified as a non-hydric soil with some hydric inclusions (Pelham)
(USACE 1991).
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Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
FLETC Glynco Campus, Brunswick, Georgia
Final Environmental Assessment
April 2012
3.4 Protected Species
Threatened and Endangered Species Surveys
In the last two decades, numerous surveys for State and federally protected species have been
conducted in the vicinity of the proposed action. In 1995, Mr. Charles Seyle, US Army
Corps of Engineers (USACE), and Ms. Robin Goodloe (USFWS), surveyed the site and
vicinity of the new Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF) Facility (USACE 2000b) and
concluded that there was no available habitat for protected species.
Numerous other surveys within the last few years have been conducted on FLETC property
by USACE staff near the site of this proposed action. Protected species surveys for the
following projects have been completed in the vicinity of the proposed project site:
PROJECT NAME
Bureau of Prisons Building (2000)
PROJECT NAME
Recycling Center (2003)
Dormitory & Office Building
(2000)
Transportation, Security, and
Administration (TSA) Facility
(2002)
Driver Training Skid Pans (2003)
Chilled Water Distribution System
(2000)
Physical Security Training Facility
(2000)
Practical Exercise Campground
Facility (2001)
OC Gas Range Facility (2001)
Mock Port of Entry and Border
Patrol Station (2001)
ATF Facility (2001)
New Operations Building (2002)
Situational Response Range
(2008)
Multi-Activity Center (2003)
Backgate Road Reroute (2004)
NCIS Building (2005)
Combined Skills Driver Training
Complex (2005)
IWN Communication Tower
(2006)
Simulation Facility/Interview
Complex (2006)
Counter Terrorism Operations
Training Facility (CTOTF) 2009
PROJECT NAME
Counter Terrorism Operations
Training Facility (CTOTF)
(2006)
Conference Center (2006)
Motor Pool (2007)
Technical Operations Training
facility (TOTF) (2007)
CTOTF Outdoor Tactical
Complex (2007)
Finance Center (2007)
Map International Acquisition
(2007)
Slayton Property Acquisition
(2008)
Outdoor Running Track
(2008)
These EAs have not revealed the presence of any protected species at FLETC. For the Mock
Port of Entry, a detailed analysis of the potential for protected species or their habitat was
conducted and indicated that there was no significant potential for protected species to reside
in the vicinity; aside from the recent sightings of wood stork at other areas at FLETC (see
Appendix C-3 for coordination letter dated June 20, 2001). More information regarding the
required habitat for this species is detail below.
An investigation of this project’s impact area indicates that there is no suitable habitat for any
listed protected species. Specifically, there were no gopher tortoise burrows, which are a
primary habitat requirement for the indigo snake; and neither species has ever been sighted at
FLETC.
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Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
FLETC Glynco Campus, Brunswick, Georgia
Final Environmental Assessment
April 2012
On September 21, 2001, Dr. Gregg Masson (USFWS Field Supervisor), Ms. Kathleen
Morgan, and Ms. Susan Shaw of FLETC discussed the programmatic exclusion of FLETC
from Section 7 coordination under NEPA. During this conference call, the above parties
agreed that there was no critical habitat or protected species on FLETC and therefore, no
need for coordination with the USFWS (Masson 2001) for proposed actions at FLETC.
Subsequently, during a phone conversation between FLETC and USFWS staff on
November 22, 2002, it was decided that the agreement should be amended to not include
wood storks (Mycteria americana) in the exemption from further coordination.
Mr. Robert Brooks of the USFWS was contacted on July 14, 2006, (USFWS 2006) to ensure
the agreement made in 2002 was still relevant. Mr. Brooks re-confirmed the agreement via
e-mail (Appendix C-5 & C-6) by stating further coordination is not needed if there are no
endangered or threatened species using the area (USFWS 2006). The site investigation
(USACE 2011) did not reveal any evidence of any of the listed protected species or their
habitat within the impact area of the project. The canals and ditches nearby could possibly
be used as foraging habitat by the wood storks; however, these areas would not be impacted
by the proposed action.
A complete list of endangered and threatened species for Glynn County from the US Fish
and Wildlife Service (USFWS) is enclosed in Appendix B. The species that have potential
for occurrence at FLETC (or migration into the vicinity) are detailed below.
Species
Ball-moss
(Tillandsia recurvata)
Pondspice
(Litsea aestivalis)
Eastern indigo snake
(Drymarchon corais couperi)
Wood stork
(Mycteria americana)
Red-cockaded woodpecker
(Picoides borealis)
Listing Status
Federal
State
Type
None
Threatened
Plant (Bromeliad)
None
Threatened
Flowering Plant
Threatened
Threatened
Reptile
Endangered
Endangered
Bird
Endangered
Endangered
Bird
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Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
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Ball-moss (Tillandsia recurvata) Family: Bromelliaceae (Air Plant Family)
This epiphytic perennial herb is sometimes found persisting on fallen
limbs. Plants are 4-23 cm tall when in flower, with densely bunched stems,
resembling loose “balls of moss”. This species is found mostly on the
branches of live oak (Quercus virginiana) in Georgia, (especially near the
coast) in urban or more natural settings (e.g. evergreen hammocks and
swamp forests). There is no suitable habitat for this species on the site of
the proposed action (USACE 2008); and there is no record of this species’
occurrence at FLETC.
Pond Spice (Litsea aestivalis) Family: Lauraceae (Laurel Family)
This deciduous shrub grows up to three meters
tall and is found on margins of swamps, cypress
ponds, sandhill depression ponds, and in
hardwood swamps. There is no suitable habitat
for this species on the site of the proposed action
(USACE 2008). There is no recent record of this
species’ occurrence at FLETC.
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Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis)
The wooded portions of the FLETC campus would provide only marginal foraging habitat
for this species. There is no recent record of this species’ occurrence at FLETC, and the
nearest colonies are on Fort Stewart (approximately 60 miles to the north) and Okefenokee
National Wildlife Refuge (approximately 60 miles to the southwest). No evidence for the
presence of this species was observed during the site investigation (USACE 2011).
Eastern Indigo Snake (Drymarchon corais couperi)
The eastern indigo snake is a large, docile, non-poisonous snake growing to a maximum
length of about eight feet. This species is currently known to occur throughout Florida and in
the coastal plain of Georgia. Historically, the range also included southern Alabama,
southern Mississippi, and the extreme southeastern portion of South Carolina. The indigo
snake seems to be strongly associated with high, dry, well-drained sandy soils, which closely
parallels the sandhill habitat preferred by the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus).
During warmer months, indigos also frequent streams and swamps, and individuals are
occasionally found in flat woods. Gopher tortoise burrows and other subterranean cavities
are commonly used as dens and for egg laying.
The decline in this species is attributed to a loss of habitat due to farming, construction,
forestry, pasture, etc., and to over-collecting for the pet trade. The snake's large size and
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Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
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April 2012
docile nature have made it much sought after as a pet. The effects of rattlesnake roundups on
the indigo snake are speculative. Both indigos and rattlers utilize the burrows of gopher
tortoises at certain times. Rattlesnake hunters often pour gasoline down these burrows to
drive out the snakes. While some indigos may be killed by this practice, the actual degree of
impact on the population is unknown.
Neither this species, nor the gopher tortoise (with which this species has a communal
relationship with), has ever been observed at FLETC; nor is there any suitable habitat for this
species on the site of the proposed action (USACE 2011).
Wood Stork (Mycteria americana)
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Wood storks are the largest wading birds that breed in North America; they nest up to 60 feet
off the ground (in cypress, blackgum, southern willow, and buttonbush trees) in wetland
areas of Georgia, South Carolina and Florida. Only three other species in the world are
similar to wood storks; two live in Southeast Asia and one in Africa. Wood storks are large,
long-legged wading birds, about 50 inches tall, with a wingspan of 60 to 65 inches.
Habitat: Storks are birds of freshwater and brackish wetlands, primarily nesting in cypress
or mangrove swamps. They feed in freshwater marshes, narrow tidal creeks, ditches, or
flooded tidal pools. Particularly attractive feeding sites are depressions in marshes or
swamps where fish become concentrated during periods of falling water levels.
Feeding Habits: Small fish from 1 to 6 inches long, especially topminnows and sunfish,
provide this bird's primary diet. Wood storks capture their prey by a specialized technique
known as grope-feeding or tacto-location. Feeding often occurs in water six to 10 inches
deep, where a stork probes with the bill partly open. When a fish touches the bill it quickly
snaps shut. The average response time of this reflex is 25 milliseconds, making it one of the
fastest reflexes known in vertebrates. Wood storks use thermals to soar as far as 80 miles
from nesting to feeding areas. Since thermals do not form in early morning, wood storks
may arrive at feeding areas later than other wading bird species such as herons. Energy
requirements for a pair of nesting wood storks and their young are estimated at 443 pounds of
fish for the breeding season (based on an average production of 2.25 fledglings per nest).
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Reproduction and Development: The wood stork is a highly colonial species usually
nesting in large rookeries and feeding in flocks. Age at first breeding is four years and
nesting periods vary geographically. In South Florida, wood storks lay eggs as early as
October and fledge in February or March. However, in north and central Florida, Georgia,
and South Carolina, storks lay eggs from March to late May, with fledging occurring in July
and August. Nests are frequently located in the upper branches of large cypress trees or in
mangroves on islands. Several nests are usually located in each tree. Wood storks have also
nested in man-made structures.
Range and Population Level: The current population of adult birds is difficult to estimate,
since not all adults nest each year. Presently, the wood stork population is believed to number
11,000 adults. Recent United States breeding is restricted to Florida, Georgia, and South
Carolina. The birds formerly bred in most of the southeastern United States and Texas.
Another distinct, non-endangered population breeds from Mexico to northern Argentina.
Storks from both populations move northward after breeding, as far as Arkansas and
Tennessee in the Mississippi Valley, and North Carolina on the Atlantic coast. There have
been occasional sightings in all States east of the Mississippi River, and sporadic sightings in
some States west of the Mississippi and in Ontario.
Reason for current status: The United States breeding population of the wood stork
declined from an estimated 20,000 pairs in the 1930's to about 10,000 pairs by 1960. Since
1978, fewer than 5,000 pairs have bred each year. The decline is believed to be due
primarily to the loss of suitable feeding habitat. This is especially true of south Florida
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Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
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April 2012
rookeries where repeated nesting failures have occurred despite protection of the rookeries.
Feeding areas in south Florida have decreased by about 35 percent since 1900 due to man's
alteration of wetlands. Additionally, man-made levees, canals, and floodgates have greatly
changed natural water regimes in south Florida.
Wood storks have a unique feeding technique and require higher prey concentrations than
other wading birds. Optimal water regimes for the wood stork involve periods of flooding,
during which prey (fish) populations increase, alternating with dryer periods, during which
receding water levels concentrate fish at higher densities coinciding with the stork's nesting
season. Loss of nesting habitat (primarily cypress swamps) may be affecting wood storks in
central Florida, where nesting in non-native trees and in man-made impoundments has been
occurring recently. Less significant factors known to affect nesting success include
prolonged drought and flooding, raccoon predation on nests, and human disturbance of
rookeries.
Management and Protection: According to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)
large, fully protected colonies in south Florida (Everglades National Park and Corkscrew
Swamp Sanctuary) experienced frequent nesting failures in recent years. This is due to
adverse water management practices in south Florida. As a result of such drainage, many
nesting storks have shifted colony sites to managed or impounded wetlands in central and
north Florida. Water management plans must take the needs of the wood stork into account
if the species is to survive in these areas.
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Water level management may also be crucial at rookeries. Flooding may be necessary to
stimulate nesting and prevent predators from destroying nests. Periodic drying also may be
necessary to prevent trees from dying and to allow recruitment of new trees. At a minimum,
for continued survival of the United States population of wood storks, currently occupied
nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat must be protected from further loss or degradation. A
prerequisite for recovery of the population is the restoration and enhancement of suitable
habitat throughout the mosaic of habitat types used by this species.
There is no suitable foraging or nesting habitat for this species on the site of the proposed
action (USACE 2011).
3.5 Cultural Resources
3.5.1 Archeological Resources
More than 58 archaeological investigations have been conducted in Glynn County. Previous
research in the vicinity of the FLETC shows a moderate density of cultural resources
associated with the prehistoric and historic eras.
A historic building survey was conducted in 1999 by New South Associates (Messick 1999).
The Glynco Naval Operations District and the Glynco Ammunitions Storage district were
identified during the survey (Appendix A; Figure 4). The districts are comprised of facilities
that were constructed in the 1940s to support Glynco NAS operations.
Several small-scale archaeological investigations have been conducted at FLETC throughout
the years (Morgan 2001; Pietak 2002; Taylor Anderson Architects, et al. 1992; USACE
1997a; 1997b; 1998a; 1998b; 2000a; 2000b; 2000c; 2001). No historic properties or cultural
resources were identified during those surveys.
FLETC conducted a Phase I Survey of 672 acres in 2002 that investigated the remaining
acreage on the facility (Repp 2003). The prehistoric sites that have been identified on
FLETC date to the Woodland (800 B.C. – A.D. 1150) or Archaic (7500 B.C. – 1000 B.C.)
period. Two sites, 9GN292 and 9GN293, were recommended potentially eligible for the
National Register of Historic Places (Repp 2003). The two sites were tested and evaluated in
2004 and found not eligible for the National Register of Historic Places in consultation with
the GA SHPO (Southern Research 2004).
To date, only one phase II testing project has been conducted on FLETC. Four
archaeological sites were tested in 2004 due to the construction of a new driver training
facility on FLETC (USACE 2005). None of the sites were determined eligible for the
National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) (Keith 2004).
3.5.2 Prehistoric Period
Georgia has a rich cultural heritage that began at around 9,000 B.C. with the arrival of
humans into what is now the State of Georgia. This period, known as the Paleo-Indian
period, was marked by the presence of large game such as mastodon, mammoth, giant sloths,
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Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
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April 2012
and beavers, most of which are now extinct. Archeologists have divided coastal Georgia's
prehistoric periods based on cultural adaptations. Table 1 shows a generalized cultural
chronology for Georgia’s coast and coastal plain. Cultural periods that are represented on
FLETC and southeastern Georgia are: Archaic (8000-1000 B.C.), Woodland (1000 B.C.A.D. 900), and Mississippian (A.D. 900- A.D. 1541).
Table 1: Generalized Cultural Chronology for the Prehistoric Occupation of the
Georgia Coast and Coastal Plain
Adapted from Pietak 2002
PERIOD
MISSISSIPPIAN
PHASE
Pine Harbor?
Irene II
Irene I
Savannah II
Savannah I
LATE WOODLAND
St. Catherine’s
Wilmington
MIDDLE WOODLAND Deptford II
Deptford I
EARLY WOODLAND
Refuge II
Refuge I
LATE ARCHAIC
St. Simons II
St. Simons I
Unnamed Preceramic
MIDDLE ARCHAIC
Undefined Benton Influence
Morrow Mountain
EARLY ARCHAIC
Kirk Stemmed
Bifurcate
Palmer/Kirk
Taylor/Bolen/Big Sandy
PALEOINDIAN
Dalton
Simpson/Suwannee/Quad
Clovis
DATE RANGE
A.D. 1450-1575
A.D. 1350-1450
A.D. 1300-1350
A.D. 1200-1300
A.D. 1150-1200
A.D. 1000-1150
A.D. 500-1000
A.D. 300-500
600 B.C. - A.D. 300
800-600 B.C.
1000-800 B.C.
1700-1000 B.C.
2200-1700 B.C.
3000-2200 B.C.
3200-2600 B.C.
5750-3500 B.C.
6500-5750 B.C.
7000-6500 B.C.
7500-7000 B.C.
8000-7500 B.C.
8500-8000 B.C.
9000-8500 B.C.
Unknown-9000 B.C.
3.5.3 Historic Resources
No historic period archaeological sites have been recommended eligible or potentially
eligible for the NRHP on FLETC. Two historic districts were identified and recommended
eligible for the NRHP at the local level for association with World War II military history
during the years 1942-1945 (Appendix A, Figures 2-3) (Messick 1999). The Glynco Naval
Operations District, which is comprised of WWII era buildings, is located approximately
4480 feet northeast of the proposed action. The second historic district, the Glynco
Ammunition District, is located approximately 2400 feet northeast of the proposed project
(Figures 2-4; Appendix A).
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3.5.4 Historic Period
The Historic Period is marked by De Soto's entrance into Georgia in 1540. The Guale were
among the first indigenous peoples encountered by Europeans. Many settlements were
located along the banks of major rivers or along tidal creeks where flora and fauna were more
abundant. With the coming of the Europeans, aboriginal cultural adaptations became closely
tied to European trade and colonization. The socio-political organizations switched from
chiefdoms to loose confederations of tribes. Towns were the principal settlement form, but
small farmsteads were also common.
The Jesuits established the first missions on the Georgia coast in 1568, followed shortly
thereafter by the Franciscans in 1573. The Spanish remained the prominent European
inhabitants along the Georgia coast until 1670 when conflicts with the British erupted. The
mission towns north of Cumberland Island were abandoned by 1683 as a result of increased
English aggression. Skirmishes between the Spanish and English continued until the signing
of the Treaty of Paris in 1763 (Thomas 1993).
Glynn County was established in 1777, and it is one of Georgia's original seven counties.
After the Revolution the county became home to large rice, sugar, and cotton plantations.
Brunswick, founded earlier in 1771, was designated the county seat in 1797 as it grew in size
and prosperity. The city, with its natural harbor, soon emerged as a major shipping and
commercial center. In the 1850s, the railroad replaced ships as the main form of transport.
The harbor remained relatively inactive until after the Civil War when Glynn and
surrounding counties became exporters of naval stores and lumber. Brunswick, with the
combination of the port and railroad lines, lured several industries into the region. Most of
the industrial growth was related to the timber and paper industry.
In 1942, the Navy established Glynco NAS in Glynn County, and after over 30 years of
service, the Department of Defense decommissioned the 4,200-acre base in 1974. During
these years of operation, the base served as a home to a dirigible fleet and jet aircraft. Many
of the buildings that relate to the NAS were demolished in the 1970s shortly before
decommissioning. Part of the former NAS was used to create a civilian airport for Glynn
County and the city of Brunswick. The Government transferred the remaining 1,525.82 acres
to the Department of Treasury in 1976 and 1978. Training began at FLETC in September of
1975.
A generalized cultural chronology for the historic period is presented in Table 2.
Table 2: Generalized Cultural Chronology for the Historic Period of Georgia
DATE RANGE
A.D. 1632-A.D. 1775
A.D. 1775-A.D. 1783
A.D. 1861-A.D. 1870
A.D. 1929-A.D. 1945
A.D. 1945 – present
PERIOD
European Colonization
American Revolution
Civil War and Recovery
Great Depression and World War II
Postwar Period
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Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
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3.6 Hazardous Materials
The proposed project area lies within the boundary of the former 4,200-acre Glynco NAS.
The NAS operated from 1942 until 1974 when the Department of Defense decommissioned
the station. After the air station closed, the property was subdivided into large parcels
transferred to the Department of Treasury (1525 acres), Glynn County (over 2000 acres for
the current Glynco Airport), the Glynn County Development Authority (354 acres); and
smaller parcels were transferred to other entities. FLETC and the Glynco Airport contain
remnants of the former NAS. These two tracts, when transferred in the 1970s, contained all
of the buildings and structures (landing mats, runways, etc.) of the NAS.
The Department of Treasury acquired their 1,525-acre parcel in 1976, which has since been
operated as the FLETC campus and contains the site of the proposed project. Review of the
1956 topographic map based on 1951 aerial photography (USGS 1956) reveals no evidence
of any development on the subject site and indicates the site and most of the vicinity were
wooded at that time. Review aerial photography from 1977 (USDA 1980) and 1974 (USGS
1979) also reveal no evidence of any development on the subject site and most of the
surrounding area being forested.
Analysis of historical aerial photographs indicates the site of the proposed action has been
heavily wooded since at least 1951, which includes the majority of time of Navy occupation
(1942-1974) and the entire time since FLETC acquisition in 1976. All available evidence
indicates that the project impact area has never been used for any purposes (other than
silvicultural) for the entire time period since acquisition by FLETC in 1976 (USACE 2011).
There is no evidence of ordnance storage at this site; the only known location of ordnance
storage within the FLETC campus is at bunkers (buildings 111 and 115) within the Glynco
Ammunition Historic District (Appendix A; Figure 4).
Site investigation in 1989 and 2000 by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE 1989 and
2000d) on the former Glynco Naval Air Station did not identify any evidence of hazardous
waste at the site of the proposed project.
The subject site is relatively level at 10 feet above msl, and has no surface water bodies on
site (USACE 2011). The predominant soil type on the property is classified as Mandarin fine
sand (Ma), which is a deep, somewhat poorly drained, nearly level soil located on slight
ridges and broad flats in the Atlantic Coast Flatwoods (USDA 1980). Typically this soil type
is fine sand throughout, and the water table ranges from 1.5 to 3.5 feet (USDA 1980).
Mandarin is classified as a non-hydric soil with some hydric inclusions (Pelham) (USACE
1991).
3.7 Coastal Zone Management
Construction projects are subject to consistency with the Shore Protection Act (O.C.G.A. 25-230, et seq.) and the Coastal Marshlands Protection Act (O.C.G.A. 12-5-280, et. seq.) if
there are impacts to tidal wetlands or shoreline features. The site of the proposed action is
not within or adjacent to tidal waters or the shoreline, and the proposed action would not be
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Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
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April 2012
expected to have any potential to impact these resources. Therefore, this proposed action is
consistent with Georgia’s coastal zone management policies.
3.8 Traffic Circulation and Safety
Due to security concerns, all non-commercial traffic entering and exiting FLETC is restricted
to two gates. In emergency evacuations, additional side gates may be opened to facilitate
evacuations. Currently, there are no existing traffic circulation issues on the FLETC campus
or in the vicinity of the proposed action (USACE 2011).
Day-to-day maintenance and operations conducted by FLETC are performed in accordance
with Public Law (PL) 91-596, Occupational Health and Safety Act of 1970; 29 CFR Part
1960, Safety and Health Provision for Federal Employees; Executive Order (EO) 12196,
Occupational Safety and Health of Federal Employees; and Homeland Security Directive 7075, Safety Policy of the Center. FLETC has a Safety Program that addresses both safety and
occupational health concerns for facilities, storage, and handling of materials and munitions,
driver training activities, fire response, and firearms training.
3.9 Air Quality
Air quality at any given location is a function of several factors, including quantity and
dispersion rates of pollutants, local climate, topographic and geographic features, and also
windblown dust and wildfires. Air pollution can threaten the health of human beings,
animals, plants, lakes; as well as damage the ozone layer and buildings, and cause haze that
reduces visibility.
The Clean Air Act of 1970, as amended, has established air quality standards for the US.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set six National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS) that regulate six pollutants: carbon monoxide (CO), lead (Pb), nitrogen
oxide (NO x ), ozone (O 3 ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), and particulate matter (PM 2.5 and (PM 10 ).
Geographic areas have been officially designated by EPA as being in attainment or nonattainment for air quality based on an area’s compliance with the NAAQS. Brunswick is
currently in attainment for the NAAQS for all criteria pollutants (GADNR EPD 2010).
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Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
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4
Final Environmental Assessment
April 2012
Environmental Impacts
This chapter discusses the potential environmental impacts of the preferred site of the proposed
action including potential short-term or long-term impacts associated with the implementation of
this alternative. A foreseeable effect is defined as possible modification in the existing
environment brought about by some activity. It is also important to note that impacts may be
beneficial or adverse.
4.1 Natural Resources
The proposed action would not require any impact to natural resources and there would not be
any clearing of the pine forest that is adjacent the ditch utilized in this project. Therefore, no
impacts to natural resources are anticipated from the proposed action.
4.2 Jurisdictional Waters of the United States
This proposed action is not expected to impact jurisdictional wetlands, as none are located within
the impact area of this project. Future projects at FLETC that are planned are not expected to
impact wetlands as identified on the Campus-wide Wetland Delineation (USACE 2001).
Currently there is no work planned in the ditches/canals adjacent to the proposed action but the
design contractor has not designed the site drainage system. Any activities in these
ditches/canals would require a permit from the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), in
accordance with Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (CWA). Therefore, the site drainage
system plans will be reviewed prior to project implementation to ensure compliance with the
CWA.
4.3 Protected Species
Based on all completed surveys for protected species and habitat previously referenced in
Section 3.4, the project impact area and vicinity is not expected to contain any listed species or
critical habitat. Consequently, the proposed action is not likely to adversely affect any protected
species.
4.4 Cultural Resources
A historic building survey was conducted by New South Associates in 1999. Two historic
districts were identified (Appendix A; Figure 4); both of which are too far (1 mile) to be
potentially impacted by this project.
The proposed project impact area was surveyed in 2002 (Sub site 14; Repp 2003) during the
facility-wide phase I Section 110 survey. No previously recorded or newly identified
archaeological sites were discovered within the area of potential effect during the investigation.
Therefore, FLETC has determined that the proposed project would have no effect on cultural
resources, as none are located within the area of potential effect.
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Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
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In the event that human remains and/or cultural materials are discovered during activities related
to the proposed undertaking, all work would cease in the vicinity of the discovery immediately.
FLETC would then notify the SHPO and appropriate Native American tribes.
4.5 Hazardous Materials
The invert elevation of the culvert would be designed to not receive the first flush of storm water,
which would continue to flow through the existing outfall to Belle Point. This first flush
contains most of the Petroleum, Oil, and Lubricants (POLs) that is typical of residential and road
runoff; thereby eliminating any water quality impacts onto the FLETC campus from the
proposed action.
4.6 Socioeconomics
Past flooding in the impacted residential areas (Fairway Oaks and Belle Point) has caused
extensive financial damage to homes as well as adverse health, aesthetic, and psychological
impacts from receiving extensive amounts of flood water in homes. Therefore, the proposed
action would be expected to have significant beneficial socioeconomic impacts by preventing
flooding in these subdivisions.
4.7 Coastal Zone Management
The project is not located within or adjacent tidal waters or the shoreline; and therefore, no direct
impacts to the coastal zone would occur from this project. During the 25-year storm event, an
additional 43 cfs of re-routed storm water would be released onto the FLETC campus. However,
an 80-acre reduction of impervious surface (Jones 2012) has been achieved in the upper portion
of this drainage basin from the recent demolition of pavement associated with the renovation of
driving ranges 7 and 8 (Figure 6; Appendix A). The renovation involved both the reduction of
total paved surface and the replacement of paved impervious surface with pervious surface.
The 80-acre reduction in paved surface would be expected to offset the additional 43 cfs of rerouted storm water released onto the FLETC campus from this project; therefore, the amount of
storm water exiting the FLETC outfall (4 by 8-foot concrete box culvert) into the 1800-foot
stretch of Troup Creek Tributary would not be expected to increase from this project. In
addition, the total amount of storm water released into the salt tidal marsh would not change
from the existing condition. Therefore, there are no likely adverse impacts to coastal resources
from this project.
4.8 Traffic Circulation/Health & Safety
This proposed action would not be expected to increase traffic, and there are no existing traffic
circulation issues on the FLETC campus or in the vicinity of the proposed action (USACE 2011).
Residents of the impacted subdivisions (Fairway Oaks and Belle Point) are expected to be
beneficially impacted due to reduced flooding. This reduction in flooding, which is often the
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Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
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April 2012
cause of unhealthy mold outbreaks, would have health benefits to residents living in the
subdivisions.
4.9 Air Quality
No earth moving activities are expected with the proposed action and all of the re-routed water
would flow through an existing drainage ditch. Therefore, there would be no anticipated impacts
to air quality from the implementation of this project.
4.10 Noise Impacts
Implementation of the proposed action would not be expected to result in any increase in noise
levels to the vicinity. Therefore, noise impacts to surrounding residential areas are not expected
to be an issue from project implementation.
4.11 Environmental Justice - Executive Order 12898
The site of the proposed action and alternatives are within the FLETC campus boundaries.
Minority or low-income populations would not be expected to be disproportionately affected by
any of the alternatives under consideration. Therefore, the preferred alternative would be in
compliance with Executive Order 12898 on Environmental Justice.
4.12 Environmental Health and Safety of Children - Executive
Order 12045
Children living in the impacted subdivisions (Fairway Oaks and Belle Point) would be expected
to be beneficially impacted due to reduced flooding. This reduction in flooding, which is often
the cause of unhealthy mold outbreaks, would have health benefits to children living in the
subdivisions. Therefore, the proposed action would be expected to have beneficial effects on the
environmental health and safety of children and is in compliance with this Executive Order.
4.14 Storm Water Management
An approximately 80 acre reduction of impervious surface has been achieved in the upper
portion of this drainage basin from the recent demolition of pavement associated with the
renovation of driving ranges 7 and 8 (Figure 6; Appendix A). The renovation of the driving
ranges involved both the reduction of total paved surface and the replacement of paved
impervious surface with pervious surface. This reduction of storm water run-off (from
impervious surface reductions) would be expected to more than offset the additional input of
storm water onto the FLETC campus from this project.
Therefore, there is no expected addition to the release of storm water from the FLETC outfall
(4 by 8-foot concrete box culvert) into the 1800-foot stretch of Troup Creek Tributary before
entering tidal salt water marsh; and there is no overall addition to the amount of storm water
released into tidal saltwater marsh from this proposed action. Also, the proposed action would
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Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
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April 2012
not create any additional increase in paved surfaces. Therefore, no adverse impacts to storm
water management are anticipated from implementation of the proposed action.
On Campus Flooding Issues: The FLETC storm water management system has adequate
storage capacity through the extensive network of ditches and wetlands (Appendix A; Figures 4
& 5) for most storm events (Jones 2012). A recent flood event at the FLETC campus was
determined to be caused by an anomalous combination of factors producing flooding well
beyond the 100-year flood event.
Tidal fluctuation is the main constraint in storm water drainage on the FLETC campus. For
storm events occurring during high tide, the existing drainage system has sufficient capacity but
requires more time to release storm water through the FLETC outfall culvert into the Troup
Creek Tributary off campus (Jones 2012).
4.15 Cumulative Impacts
CEQ regulations stipulate that the cumulative effects analysis consider the potential
environmental impacts resulting from “the incremental impact of the action when added to other
past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions regardless of what agency (federal or
non-federal) or person undertakes such other actions.” CEQ guidance in considering cumulative
effects involves defining the scope of the other actions and their interrelationships with the
preferred alternative.
Wetlands: Future projects at FLETC are not expected to impact the existing wetlands (198
acres), as identified on the facility wide Wetland Delineation (USACE 1996 and 2001). The
facility wide wetland survey allows FLETC to plan future projects in a manner that will prevent
impacts to this resource. Coordination with appropriate resource agencies will continue on
future projects to ensure future projects do not result in direct or indirect impacts to jurisdictional
wetlands in the vicinity.
Protected Species: Future projects would not be expected to impact protected species because
there is virtually no available habitat (see Section 3.4) for species that have potential to occur at
FLETC, aside from the federally protected wood stork. Coordination with appropriate resource
agencies will continue on future projects to identify the presence of protected species in the
vicinity.
No other significant cumulative impacts associated with the proposed action and other past,
present, and foreseeable actions have been identified during this assessment.
4.16 Mitigation
An 80 acre reduction of impervious surface has been achieved in the upper portion of this
drainage basin from the recent demolition of pavement associated with the renovation of driving
ranges 7 and 8 (Figure 6; Appendix A). The renovation of the driving ranges involved both the
reduction of total paved surface and the replacement of paved impervious surface with pervious
surface. The demolished pavement was recycled for use in other projects on campus. This
reduction of storm water run-off (from impervious surface reductions) would be expected to
26
Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
FLETC Glynco Campus, Brunswick, Georgia
Final Environmental Assessment
April 2012
more than offset the additional input of storm water onto the FLETC campus (43 cfs during 25year event) from this project.
Since it has not been an issue in the past, bank erosion is not expected to be an issue for this
project. In the unlikely event that bank erosion did occur in the subject ditch, mitigation would
include a number of different bank stabilization techniques to dissipate energy from the ditch on
high flow events.
Due to the lack of environmental impacts from the proposed action, no other mitigation measures
would be implemented.
Table 3: Summary of Impacts of Proposed Action
FACTORS
Natural Resources
Jurisdictional Waters
Protected Species
Historical/Archaeologic
al/Architectural
Hazardous Materials
Coastal Zone
Management
Traffic Circulation
Health and Safety
Air Quality
Land Use
Socioeconomic
Noise Impacts
Environmental Justice
Environmental Health
and Safety of Children
NO
EFFECT
NEGLIGIBLE
UNDETERMINED
BENEFICIAL
SIGNIFICANT
MINOR
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Storm Water Mgt.
X
Cumulative Impacts
X
27
ADVERSE
SIGNIFICANT
MINOR
Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
FLETC Glynco Campus, Brunswick, Georgia
5
Final Environmental Assessment
April 2012
Compliance with State/Federal Authorities
Table 4 below summarizes status of compliance of proposed action with applicable Federal/State
laws.
Table 4: Relationship of Project to Environmental Requirements
FEDERAL POLICIES
Anadromous Fish Conservation Act, 16 U.S.C. 757,
et seq.
Archaeological and Historic Preservation Act, as
amended, 16 U.S.C. 469, et seq.
Clean Air Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 1857h-7, et
seq.
Clean Water Act, as amended (Federal Water
Pollution Control Act) 33 U.S.C. 1251, et seq.
Coastal Barrier Resources Act, as amended, 16
U.S.C. 3501, et seq.
Coastal Zone Management Act, as amended, 16
U.S.C. 1451 et seq.
Endangered Species Act, as amended, 16 U.S.C.
1531, et seq.
Environmental Health and Safety of Children; E.O.
13045
Environmental Justice; E.O. 12898
Estuary Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. 1221, et. seq.
Federal Water Project Recreation Act, as amended,
16 U.S.C. 4601-12, et seq.
SELECTED ALTERNATIVE
In compliance.
Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976,
Public Law 99-659.
In compliance.
Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, as amended, 16
U.S.C. 661, et seq.
Floodplain Management; E.O. 11988
Georgia Hazardous Waste Management Act (OCGA
12-8-60)
Georgia Rules for Hazardous Waste Management;
(391-3-11)
Magnuson-Stevens Act, as amended, Public Law
104-297.
Marine Mammal Protection Act, 15 U.S.C. 1361 et
seq.
Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of
1972, 33 U.S.C. 1401, et. seq.
Migratory Bird Conservation Act of 1929, 16 U.S.C.
715
Migratory Bird Treaty Act of July 3, 1918 as
amended.
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA),
as amended, 42 U.S.C. 4321, et seq.
National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as
amended, 16 U.S.C. 470f, et seq.
Protection of Wetlands; E.O. 11990
Rivers and Harbors Act, 33 U.S.C. 401 et seq.
Not applicable.
In compliance.
In compliance.
In compliance.
In compliance.
In compliance.
In compliance.
In compliance.
In compliance.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
In compliance.
In compliance
In compliance
In compliance.
Not applicable.
In compliance.
In compliance.
In compliance.
In compliance.
In compliance.
In compliance.
Not applicable.
28
Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
FLETC Glynco Campus, Brunswick, Georgia
6
Final Environmental Assessment
April 2012
Consultation and Coordination
On September 21, 2001, Dr. Gregg Masson (USFWS Field Supervisor), Ms. Kathleen
Morgan, and Ms. Susan Shaw of FLETC discussed the programmatic exclusion of FLETC
from Section 7 coordination under NEPA. During this conference call it was agreed that
there was no critical habitat or protected species on FLETC. Therefore, there is no need for
further coordination with the USFWS (Masson 2001). Subsequently, during a phone
conversation between FLETC and USFWS staff on November 22, 2002, it was decided that
the agreement should be amended to not include wood storks (Mycteria americana) in the
exemption from further coordination.
Mr. Robert Brooks of the USFWS was contacted on July 14, 2006; (USFWS 2006) to ensure
the agreement made in 2002 was still relevant (Appendix C-5 & C-6). Mr. Brooks
re-confirmed the agreement by stating further coordination is not needed if there are no
endangered or threatened species using the area (USFWS 2006).
Other Permits: Construction permits and other state/county permits that need to be obtained
prior to construction are the responsibility of FLETC and/or its contractors.
NEPA regulations require that Federal, state, and local agencies with jurisdiction or special
expertise regarding environmental impacts be consulted and involved in the NEPA process.
There have not been any comments received that were averse to the proposed action.
The individuals/agencies listed below were consulted during this study:
Name
Role/Office
Organization/Contact info
FLETC NEPA Program
912-261-4038
Mr. Marty Fife
Manager
Mr. Paul Andrews
Mr. Robert Jones
Ms. Colette Edmisten
Ms. Susan ZimmerDauphinee
Mr. Richard Morgan
Mr. Mark Padgett
Mr. Robert Brooks
Assistant Glynn County
Engineer
(912) 554-7492
pandrews@glynncountyga.gov
FLETC Facilities Engineer Robert.jones@fletc.dhs.gov
912-267-2740
(912) 265-2070, Ext. 115
Glynn County Airport
cedmisten@flygcairports.com
Operations Manager
Air Protection Branch
Susan.ZimmerGA EPD
Dauphinee@dnr.state.ga.us
USACE Regulatory Office
(912) 652-5139
USACE Regulatory Office
(912) 652-5052
Biologist USFWS
(912) 265-9336 Ext. 25
29
Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
FLETC Glynco Campus, Brunswick, Georgia
7
Final Environmental Assessment
April 2012
List of Preparers
The FLETC point of contact associated with the preparation of this EA is:
Mr. Martin Fife, P.G.
Environmental Protection Specialist
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center
1131 Chapel Crossing Road
Brunswick, Georgia 31524
912-261-4038
The agency responsible for preparing this EA acting as an agent of FLETC:
US Army Corps of Engineers
Mobile/Savannah Regional Planning Center
CESAM-PD-M
100 West Oglethorpe Avenue
Savannah, Georgia 31402-0889
The following individuals contributed to the preparation of this EA:
Name
Role
Project Responsibility
Dena Thompson
Project Manager
Project/Fiscal Management
David Walker
NEPA Program Manager
NEPA document
preparation/coordination; manage
NEPA process.
Julie Morgan
Archeologist; Section 106
Specialist
Cultural Resources; SHPO
Coordination
30
Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
FLETC Glynco Campus, Brunswick, Georgia
8
Final Environmental Assessment
April 2012
References
Anderson, David G., R. Jerald Ledbetter, and Lisa D. O'Steen. "Paleoindian Period
Archaeology of Georgia," Georgia Archaeological Research Design Paper 6, Laboratory
of Archaeology Series Report 28. University of Georgia, Athens. 1990.
Andrews, Paul. Glynn County Engineer. Telephone conversion regarding impacts of storm
water re-routing onto FLETC campus. 6 Oct 11.
Caldwell, Joseph R.
1958 Trend and Tradition in the Prehistory of the Eastern United States. Scientific
Papers, Vol. 10, Illinois State Museum, Springfield, and memoir 88, American
Anthropological Association, Menasha, Wisconsin.
Crook, Morgan R., Jr.
1986 Mississippi Period Archaeology of the Georgia Coastal Zone. Georgia
Archaeological Research Design Papers No. 1. Athens, Georgia.
Elliott, Daniel T., and Kenneth Sassman. 1995. Archaic Period Archaeology of the Georgia
Coastal Plain and Coastal Zone. University of Georgia Laboratory of Archaeology Series
Report No. 35. Athens, Georgia.
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). MOA between the FAA, the
Army/USAF/USFWS/USDA/USEPA to address Aircraft-Wildlife Strikes. July, 2003.
FAA. Advisory Circular 150/5200-33B. Hazardous Wildlife Attractants on or near Airports.
Augusta 8, 2007.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). FEMA Map Service Center. Flood
Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) Panel #13127C0226. Glynn County, GA. September 6,
2006.
GADNR. EPD, Air Protection Branch. E-mail correspondence from Susan ZimmerDauphinee on March 24, 2010.
Glynn County. Chapel Crossing Drainage Improvements Hydrology Study. November
2011.
Jones, Robert. FLETC Facilities Engineer. 912-267-2740. Personal communication and
email correspondence regarding impacts of Glynn County storm Water re-routing.
February 15, 2012. Robert.jones@fletc.dhs.gov <mailto:Robert.jones@fletc.dhs.gov>
31
Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
FLETC Glynco Campus, Brunswick, Georgia
Final Environmental Assessment
April 2012
Keith, Scot J. 2004. Archaeological Survey and Testing of the Proposed Combined Skills
Driver Training Range, Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC), Brunswick,
Glynn County, Georgia. Prepared by Southern Research, Historic Preservation
Consultants, Inc., Ellerslie, Georgia. Submitted to FLETC, Brunswick, Georgia.
King, Adam. The New Georgia Encyclopedia. History and Archaeology: Mississippian
Period Overview.
http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?path=/HistoryArchaeology/
ArchaeologyandEarlyHistory/ArchaeologicalPeriodsinGeorgia/PaleoindianPeriod&id=h707. (Accessed 4 Jan 05) October 2002.
Masson, Gregg, Ph.D. (USFWS); Morgan, Kathleen and Shaw, Susan (FLETC). Conference
call concerning FLETC exclusion from Section 7 coordination. September 21, 2001.
Messick, Denise P. 1999. A Historic Structures Survey of the Federal Law Enforcement
Training Center, Glynn County, Georgia. Prepared by New South Associates, Stone
Mountain, Georgia. Submitted to US Army Corps of Engineers, Savannah District,
Savannah, Georgia.
Morgan, Julie A.
2001 A Cultural Resources Investigation of the Proposed ATF Trailers, FLETC, Glynn
County, Georgia. Prepared by USACE, Savannah District, Environmental Resources
Branch. Submitted to FLETC, Glynco, Georgia.
New South Associates. A Historic Structures Survey of the Federal Law Enforcement
Training Center, Glynn County, Georgia. Prepared by New South Associates, Stone
Mountain, Georgia. Submitted to the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center. Report
on file at FLETC, Glynco, GA. 1999.
Pietak, Lynn Marie. Phase I Cultural Resources Survey of a 20-Acre Tract near FLETC,
Glynn County, Georgia. Prepared by TRC, Atlanta, Georgia. Submitted to STV
Incorporated, Douglassville, Pennsylvania. 2002.
Pluckhahn, Thomas J. February 2003. The New Georgia Encyclopedia. History and
Archaeology: Woodland Period Overview. <http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/
Article.jsp?path=/HistoryArchaeology/ArchaeologyandEarlyHistory/ArchaeologicalPerio
dsinGeorgia/MississippianArchaeologicalPeriod&id=h-811>. Accessed January 4, 2005.
QST Environmental. Master Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) for FLETC,
September 1996; revised January 1999.
Repp, Andrea. Management Summary: A Cultural Resources Investigation of the Federal
Law Enforcement Training Center, Glynn County, Georgia. Prepared by USDA Forest
Service, Apalachicola National Forest, Florida. Report on file at FLETC, GA. 2003
32
Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
FLETC Glynco Campus, Brunswick, Georgia
Final Environmental Assessment
April 2012
Steinen, Karl T.
1995 Woodland Period Archaeology of the Georgia Coastal Plain. Georgia
Archaeological Research Design Papers No. 12. Athens, Georgia.
Stevens, Walter. Personal conversation regarding purchase of wetland mitigation credits at
Marshlands, Inc. Wetlands Mitigation Bank. Phone: (229) 382-1412; email:
zstephens@friendlycity.net. March 31, 2011.
Taylor Anderson Architects, EDAW, and Water and Air Research. Federal Law
Enforcement Training Center, Glynco, Georgia, Environmental Assessment. 1992.
Thomas, David H. 1993. Historic Indian Period Archaeology of the Georgia Coastal Zone.
Georgia Archaeological Research Design Paper No. 8. Athens, Georgia.
US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Savannah District, Planning Division. Defense
Environmental Restoration Program - For Formerly Used Defense Sites (DERP-FUDS).
Inventory Project Report for the former Glynco NAS. December 1989.
USACE, Regulatory Branch, Savannah District. Hydric Soil Map Unit list for Camden and
Glynn Counties. 1991.
USACE. Facility Wide Wetland Delineation. Federal Law Enforcement Training Center.
Glynco, Georgia. USACE, Savannah District, Planning Division, December 5, 1996 (&
Re-verified by Memorandum for Record dated August 22, 2001).
USACE, Savannah District, Planning Division. Final Environmental Assessment and
Finding of No Significant Impact for Administration Building Construction Federal Law
Enforcement Training Center, Glynco, Georgia. FLETC, Glynco, Georgia. 1997a.
USACE, Savannah District, Planning Division. Final Environmental Assessment and
Finding of No Significant Impact, Construction of Classroom Building, FLETC, Glynco,
Georgia. 1997b.
USACE, Savannah District, Planning Division. Final Environmental Assessment and
Finding of No Significant Impact for Entrance Facility and Commercial Gate Construction
at FLETC in Glynco, Georgia. 1998a.
USACE, Savannah District, Planning Division. Final Environmental Assessment and
Finding of No Significant Impact for the Construction of a Dormitory Facility and Office
Building at FLETC in Glynco, Georgia. 1998b.
USACE, Savannah District, Planning Division. Final Environmental Assessment and
Finding of No Significant Impact for Construction of Building Alterations and Additions,
Environmental Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact. 2000a.
33
Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
FLETC Glynco Campus, Brunswick, Georgia
Final Environmental Assessment
April 2012
USACE, Savannah District, Planning Division. Final Environmental Assessment and
Finding of No Significant Impact for Construction of Alterations and Additions to
Buildings 95, 96, and 97 at FLETC in Glynco, Georgia. 2000b.
USACE. Environmental Assessment and FONSI for Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Facility
(ATF) at FLETC in Glynco, Georgia. 2000c.
USACE. Planning Division, Savannah District. DERP-FUDS Inventory Project Report for
the former Glynco NAS. 2000d.
USACE, Planning Division, Savannah District. Final Environmental Assessment and FONSI
for the Emergency Response Range at FLETC. Glynco, Georgia. 2005.
USACE, Planning Division, Savannah Planning Center. Meeting and site investigation for
the proposed Flood Control Project. David Walker and Joe Hoke (USACE); and Martin
Fife (FLETC). April 22, 2011.
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Soil Conservation Service, Soil Survey of
Glynn County, GA. 1977 Aerial photography. 1980.
USFWS, Brunswick Office. Robert Brooks. Personal communication via e-mail (Appendix
C). July 19, 2006.
USFWS. Atlanta, Georgia. Recovery Plan for the US Breeding Population of the Wood
Stork. 1986.
US Geological Survey (USGS). Brunswick East Quadrangle, Georgia. (7.5-minute series
topographic map). Based on 1951 aerial photography. 1956.
USGS. Brunswick East Quadrangle, Georgia. (7.5-minute series topographic map). 1974
aerial photograph. 1979.
USGS. Darien Quadrangle, Georgia. (7.5-minute series topographic map). 1974 aerial
photograph. 1979.
Wildlife Hazard Assessment. US Department of Agriculture. Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service. Glynco Airport. February 2002.
34
APPENDIX B
THREATENED AND
ENDANGERED SPECIES
GLYNN COUNTY, GEORGIA
Proposed Glynn County Storm Water Re-routing
FLETC Glynco Campus, Brunswick, Georgia
Final Environmental Assessment
April 2012
Protected Species in Glynn County
Scientific Name
Common Name
Federal
Status
State
Status
E
E
E
E
E
E
T
E
E
E
N
E
T
E
E
E
T
E
T
T
E
T
E
N
E
T
T
E
T
E
T
E
E
E
E
Mammals
Balaena glacialis
Megaptera novaeangliae
Trichechus manatus
Charadrius melodus
Dendroica kirtlandii
Mycteria americana
Picoides borealis
Sterna nilotica
Vermivora bachmanii
Caretta caretta
Chelonia mydas
Dermochelys coriacea
Drymarchon corais couperi
Eretmochelys imbricata
Gopherus polyphemus
Lepidochelys kempi
Acipenser brevirostrum
Acipenser oxyrinchus
Right whale
Humpback whale
West Indian manatee
Birds
Piping plover
Kirtland’s warbler
Wood stork
Red-cockaded woodpecker
Gull-billed tern
Bachman’s warbler
Reptiles
Loggerhead sea turtle
Green sea turtle
Leatherback sea turtle
Eastern indigo snake
Hawksbill sea turtle
Gopher tortoise
Kemp’s Ridley sea turtle
Fish/Shellfish
Shortnose sturgeon
Atlantic sturgeon
Plants
Litsea aestivalis
Pondspice
N
T
Sageretia minutiflora
Climbing buckthorn
N
T
Tillandsia recurvata
Ball-moss
N
T
E - Endangered
T - Threatened
R - Rare
N - None
Source: The information in this table was obtained from USFWS and updated in April 2012.
B-1
APPENDIX C
COORDINATION, COMMENTS,
AND RESPONSES
C-1
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6