1. health and fitness
2. disease

F CUS
NHG Eye Institute
DELIVERING THE FINEST QUALITY EYECARE
A Clinical Bulletin from
MICA (P) 170/06/2008
Jan - Apr 2009 • ISSUE 9
INSIDE: oculoplastic and uveitis
3
Drug-Induced
Uveitis
4
Pullout Poster: Uveitis
can Lead to Blindness
What You Need
to Know
6
7
Blepharitis:
More than
an irritation...
Styes and
Chalazia
7 Optometrists’ Column
8 Quiz
Advances in the Diagnosis and
Treatment of Uveitis
Although uveitis patients comprise less than 1-2 % of ophthalmological
not be applicable in this
general consults, it is a condition that results in significant morbidity
group and laboratory tests
and visual loss. Hence it is important to establish a working diagnosis
also have to be interpreted
to enable timely and appropriate treatment, so as to reduce the risk
differently in view of the
of blindness.
immune
status.
These
patients may also develop
Evolution in Diagnostics
abnormal
Over the last 80 years, there have been significant shifts in the
responses
etiologies of uveitis. Pre-1950, infections such as syphilis, tuberculosis,
immune status improves,
herpes and toxoplasmosis were reported to account for up to 70%
for example HIV patients
of uveitis, but their diagnosis was mainly clinical and not based on
on HAART therapy.
immune
when
their
Toxoplasmosis retinitis diagnosed on
serology and PCR.
laboratory tests. As diagnostic methods improved through the 60s
and 70s, most of these were in fact found to be autoimmune-related.
At the National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, the latest molecular
Recently, improvements in molecular diagnostics with polymerase
diagnostic methods like PCR are utilised in diagnosising tuberculosis,
chain reaction (PCR) testing ironically revealed many of the idiopathic
toxoplasmosis, herpes simplex, varicella zoster or cytomegalovirus
uveitis cases to have an infective etiology. There is therefore a return
infections. In addition, serology tests for other infective agents such
to infection as the initial cause for uveitis, although it may evolve into
as syphilis, Lyme, and cat-scratch diseases are performed if the history
an autoimmune condition over time.
and clinical presentation are suggestive. Fortunately, most of the
The clinical picture of uveitis is not always constant as it is dependent
the exception of tuberculosis. The diagnosis of tuberculous uveitis is
on the interaction between the inciting antigen and the immune
dependent upon clinical presentation, chest radiography, Mantoux
response of the individual. As such, very atypical presentations can
test and frequently the new T-spot TB test. T-spot TB is currently the
be seen in immunosuppressed patients, such as those with HIV or on
only available test for diagnosis of latent TB in immunosuppressed and
immunosuppressant therapy. The clinical criteria for diagnosis would
HIV patients.
Continued next page
NHG Eye Institute FOCUS is sponsored by
1 FOCUS JAN - APR09
infective uveitides can be diagnosed with simple laboratory tests, with
Continued from page 1
Chief
Editor’s
Message
Dear Readers,
A Happy New Year from all of us at the NHG
Eye Institute!
We open 2009 with Uveitis and
Oculo-Plastics, two undeservedly lesser known
sub-specialties outside of Ophthalmology,
despite massive diagnostic and therapeutic
advances over the past few years.
As such, we have aimed for a stronger
emphasis on updates, rather than focus on
esoteric entities within each realm, In that
vein, our Optoms’ Corner article revisits our
“how not to miss uveitis” tutorial, and we
have for the first time produced a poster for
the general public on the condition.
CMV iritis diagnosed on tetraplex PCR.
“Sunset glow” fundus of a patient
with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease
on long term immunosuppression methotrexate , azathioprine.
Evolution in Therapeutics
The treatment for infective uveitides includes antibiotics, anti-virals and antitoxoplasmosis therapy. Response to therapy is usually rapid if the diagnosis is
correct. In addition, we usually need to cover the patients with topical or systemic
steroids to control the intraocular inflammation that may even worsen immediately
after commencing anti-microbial therapy.
The treatment of non-infectious uveitis i.e. autoimmune uveitis is usually
Looking ahead, we have already cranked
up the machinery for the NHG Eye Institute
2nd International Ophthalmology Congress.
HMDP funding for 3 world-renowned experts
from the sub-specialties of glaucoma and
neuro-ophthalmology has been secured, so
I daresay that we can promise yet another
fulfilling conference, for all those who can
make it to Suntec City in Singapore from 15
- 17 October.
more difficult and protracted. The long-term use of systemic steroids, with its
associated side effects, is no longer acceptable and there are good evidence-based
immunosuppression regimes for different uveitis entities. The use of steroid-sparing
agents such as methotrexate, azathioprine, cyclosporine A and mycophenolate
mofetil (cellcept) enables us to reduce systemic prednisolone to a lower and safer
level. With proper monitoring, these immunomodulating agents are safe and
they are our key to controlling sight-threatening uveitis conditions. The typical
duration of treatment is however longer, at about 12 to 24 months. All patients on
these medications are therefore counselled for the side effects and the expected
duration of treatment, and monitored closely.
Till the next issue, then.
In addition to immunomodulating agents, biologics are a new class of drugs
directed at specific immune cytokines. Biologics such as infliximab, daclizumab and
adalimumab are effective but very costly, and therefore mostly used in recalcitrant
uveitis when second line agents fail. Such cases are rare but if the drugs are used
in a timely fashion, biologics could be the only sight saving therapy we can offer.
FOCUS Editorial Team
Dr Wong Hon Tym (Chief Editor)
Dr Jeanne Joyce Ogle (Editor)
Ms Tan Mui Leng (Secretariat)
2 FOCUS JAN - APR09
A/Prof Goh Lee Gan (Advisor)
We would appreciate your frank feedback on any part
of this newsletter, be it on the format or content. Please
email your comments to tei@nhg.com.sg or mail to
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Despite the recent advances in molecular
science, the diagnosis and management
of uveitis remains challenging. As
uveitis predominantly affects young
and middle-aged working adults, rapid
and accurate diagnosis with timely
management to reduce the risk of
permanent visual loss is paramount.
Syphilis - Posterior placoid chorioretinitis.
Dr Lim Wee Kiak , NHG Eye Institute@ TTSH
Uveitis
Drug-Induced Uveitis
While infective agents and autoimmune disorders are well known
triggers of ocular inflammation, drugs are an often-overlooked
cause as the incidence is low (<0.5%). The mechanisms are
unknown and may be due to direct toxicity or indirectly via immune
complexes. Several drugs have been postulated to cause uveitis.
Rifabutin
A rifampin derivative, Rifabutin is used for prophylaxis and treatment
of Mycobacterium avium in patients with AIDS. It has the strongest
association of all drugs associated with uveitis, as suggested by a
high prevalence, bilaterality, recurrence of uveitis with rechallenge,
increasing severity with dose escalation, and improvement upon
withdrawal.
The reaction appears to be dose-and duration-related, and may
be potentiated in patients on macrolides and/or anti-fungal (azole)
agents. Rifabutin-induced uveitis ranges from mild to fulminating,
presenting with hypopyon, vitritis and even panophthalmitis.
However, they respond well to topical corticosteroids and as such,
cessation of rifabutin therapy may not be necessary.
Biphosphonates
These inhibitors of bone resorption, prescribed for osteoporosis,
hypercalcemia, painful bone metastases and Paget’s disease, have
long been associated with ocular inflammation.
used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in AIDS patients,
Cidofovir has been found to cause granulomatous ocular inflammation
in 20-25% of patients. Treatment with HAART may further increase
this risk, possibly due to a heightened immune response. Cidofovirrelated uveitis responds to topical corticosteroids, and discontinuation
of therapy may not be warranted. However hypotony is a more severe
side effect that limits its use.
Others
Other drugs that have been purported to induce uveitis include:
ÓSulfonamides
ÓQuinidine
ÓStreptokinase
ÓDiethylcarbamazepine
ÓEtanercept - an anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) biologic agent
used with good results in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing
spondylitis. It has been reported to cause bilateral severe nongranulomatous anterior uveitis.
In summary, bisphosphonates and rifabutin are the most likely agents
to cause ocular inflammation. However we should be mindful of the
other reported drugs as differential diagnoses of uveitis.
Drugs documented to cause ocular inflammation
Anterior uveitis is the most common ocular complication especially
with pamidronate, and less so with clodronate and zoledronate. It
typically occurs within 24-48 hours but sometimes only a week later.
It ranges from mild, (requiring topical corticosteroids or no therapy),
to severe, (requiring systemic corticosteroids). Patients should thus be
monitored for 24-48 hours following pamidronate infusion.
Systemic Drugs
1. Rifabutin
2. Bisphosphonates
3. Sulphonamides
4. Diethylcarbamazine
5. Cidofovir (intravenous)
Other complications include episcleritis, and scleritis. These may occur
1-6 days after administration, necessitating corticosteroid therapy or
cessation of treatment in severe cases.
Topical Drugs
1. Metipranolol
2. Miotics
3. Prostaglandins
It is postulated that biphosphonate-induced inflammation may
be due to stimulated release of interleukins-1 and -6 resulting in
lymphocyte proliferation and enhancement of immune-complexmediated disease, and unlike Rifabutin, it appears unrelated to the
dose, route or activity of disease.
Cidofovir
A potent anticytomegaloviral acyclic nucleoside (cytosine) analog
Intracameral Drugs
1. Cidofovir
2. Antibiotics
3. Urokinase
Vaccines
By Dr Stephen Teoh, NHG Eye Institute @ TTSH
SPOTLIGHT ON
Dr Lim Wee Kiak
Dr Stephen Teoh
Dr Ho Su Ling
Dr Lennard Thean
Fellowship-trained in the world renowned
National Eye Institute, USA, Dr Lim Wee Kiak,
Member of the Parliament, heads NHG Eye
Institute’s Ocular Inflammation, Immunology
and Uveitis Service. He is currently a world
leading expert in the field and has authored
26 scientific peer-reviewed publications and
9 book chapters. He is also a member of the
International Uveitis Study Group, International
Ocular Inflammation Society and American
Uveitis Society.
Dr Stephen Teoh completed his HMDP
Fellowship at the Bristol Eye Hospital, UK,
under the mentorship of Professor Andrew
Dick in 2006. He undertook training in surgical
vitreoretina, uveitis, ocular immunology and
inflammation. This was followed by a clinical
observership in HIV-related ocular inflammation
at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins
Hospital, USA, under the supervision of Dr
James P Dunn and Professor Douglas Jabs. Dr
Teoh runs his sub-specialty clinics at NHG Eye
Institute @TTSH, as well as the Communicable
Disease Centre (CDC).
Dr Ho completed her ophthalmology surgical
training programme in Ireland and was awarded
the Registrar’s Prize by the Royal Academy of
Medicine and the Barbara Knox Medal by the
Irish College of Ophthalmologists. She was
fellowship trained in Uveitis by Professor John
V Forrester, University of Aberdeen, Scotland
and was instrumental in setting up the uveitis
database in the clinics in Aberdeen. Her current
projects include looking into pseudoexfoliation
syndrome in the Asian population and planning
of electronic medical record (EMR) system for
NHG Eye Institute.
Dr Thean, Senior Consultant @ NUHS is the
team’s link to the subspeciality of uveitis.
Having received fellowship training in both
glaucoma and uveitis, Dr Thean, also a
visiting consultant @ AH, brings a wealth of
experience to both these areas. Acknowledging
his expertise in the area of uveitic glaucoma, Dr
Thean has been invited to give numerous talks
on this topic both locally and regionally.
3 FOCUS JAN - APR09
NHG Eye Institute’s Uveitis Team
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What You Need to Know
Uveitis can Lead to Blindness
• Redness, pain and blurring of vision, usually in one eye.
• ”Floaters” may also be experienced.
• Some patients may have associated joint pains, rashes or fever.
What are the Symptoms of Uveitis?
• The peak age falls between the third to fourth decades of life, the most
productive years for many of us. This has significant socioeconomic impact on
patients as well as the community.
• People who suffer from immune or “rheumatic” diseases are also at higher risk.
Who is Prone to Getting Uveitis?
• Infective agents such as bacteria, fungi, viruses or parasites.
• It can also be triggered by an overactive immune response of the eye towards
injury or illness, leading to uncontrolled self-destruction of the eye tissue.
• In approximately 30% of cases, the cause is unknown.
What Causes Uveitis ?
The uvea (coloured blue in the illustration) is
composed of iris, ciliary body and choroid.
The wall of the human eye is comprised of 3 layers: the outermost white layer is the sclera, the innermost layer is the retina, and sandwiched
between is the uvea. Within the uvea, there are blood vessels which bring nutrition to the eye. ”Uveitis” (pronounced as “yoo-vee-i-tis”) is an
inflammation of the uvea.
What is “Uveitis”?
T
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4 FOCUSOJAN -RAPR09
Uveitis can cause damage to the drainage mechanism of the eye,
leading to raised eye pressure. If left untreated, blindness will occur.
Glaucoma
Inflammation of the vitreous (the “jelly”
of the eye) leads multiple fluffy clumps,
obscuring vision.
5 FOCUS JAN - APR09
JAN - APR 09
General Hotline : 6357 7735
Website: www.tei.nhg.com.sg
Public Education Material with compliments of
Consult your family doctor or an eye care professional if in doubt.
• For most episodes of uveitis, visual loss can be prevented if prompt treatment is given.
• Blood tests and X-rays may need to be taken to determine the exact cause in severe cases.
• Eye specialists may prescribe steriods, antibiotics and painkillers either via eyedrops, tablets or injections. Very severe cases may need
admission and surgery. Such patients are almost always treated in conjunction with other specialists, such as rheumatologists.
How do eye specialists treat uveitis?
Some types of uveitis can cause fluid
to collect underneath the retina (pale,
uneven patches in image) causing
significant visual loss.
Exudative Retinal Detachment
Chronic untreated uveitis causes clouding
of the lens, ie cataract (arrowed in image),
leading to visual loss.
Floaters
Uveitis can lead to growth of abnormal
blood vessels which have a high
tendency to bleed in the eye (arrowed
in image), obscuring vision and causing
permanent scarring.
The macula is the area of the retina that provides sharp central vision.
Prolonged inflammation and swelling of this area in uveitis can lead
to loss of central vision.
Cataract
Bleeding in the eye
Swelling of the Macula
How does Uveitis damage the eye?
OC ULOPLASTICs
ULOPLASTIC
Figure 1. Acne
rosacea.
Note the enlarged
nose with
telangiectasia and
facial flushing.
Blepharitis:
More than an irritation...
Blepharitis, a frequent cause of irritable red eyes, is a common
condition. It may involve the anterior eyelid margin (anterior
blepharitis) and/or the posterior eyelid margin (posterior
blepharitis). The former manifests with eyelid crusting, erythema
and scales around the root of lash follicles. The latter presents
with inspissations of the meibomian gland orifices, duplication of
the orifices, keratin plaques and telangiectactic vessels. Due to the
presence of meibomian gland dysfunction, posterior blepharitis
results in dry eyes due to tear film instability. The tear film breakup
time is often abnormal and corneal punctate epithelial erosions may
be observed in these cases.
Blepharitis is often a chronic recurring condition that is difficult to
manage. It may occur de novo, but acne rosacea, a chronic skin
disease involving hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands, needs to be
excluded (Fig 1). The nose is commonly affected by telangiectasia,
erythema and enlarged sebaceous glands units giving an appearance
of a large nose (rhinophyma).Co-management with a dermatologist
is advisable.
Chronic blepharitis may result in recurrent styes and chalazia (see
the other article on page 7) that can be treated with warm compress
and topical antibiotic cream initially. If these fail, intra-lesional steroid
injections or an incision and drainage procedure may be considered.
Rarely, the stye or chalazion causes pre-septal cellulitis, necessitating
oral antibiotics. Sebaceous cell carcinoma may masquerade as chronic
blepharitis and needs to be excluded especially if the inflammation
and chalazia are non-responsive to treatment or unilateral.
Figure 2. Upper eyelid
showing a segment of
trichiasis.
Figure 2a. Post-operative
appearance after wedge
resection of the anterior
lamella.
In addition, chronic blepharitis may cause trichiasis (misdirected
eyelashes) due to metaplasia of the pilo-sebaceous unit of the eyelid.
In severe cases, chronic inflammation and scarring result in cicatricial
entropion and lash ptosis (inturned or vertical eyelashes). These
complications are difficult to manage in view of the chronic nature
of the underlying disease.
Epilation of the aberrant lashes usually provides only temporary relief,
and electrolysis is not always successful as the lashes may re-grow.
If the extent of trichiasis is large, resection of the anterior lamella
of the trichiatic lash-bearing eyelid margin (after a lid split at the gray
line) can be a viable option (Fig 2). Mild cases of cicatrical entropion
may be managed with a recession of the anterior lamella (after
a lid split) but can still recur if the underlying disease progresses.
Moderate cases of upper eyelid cicatrical entropion can be treated
fairly effectively with a wedge resection of the upper tarsus in
conjunction with an upper blepharoplasty to evert the eyelashes (Fig
3). Full thickness pentagonal wedge resection of the affected
eyelid area has also been described. In severe cases whereby there
is deficiency of the tarsus and/or deficient posterior lamella due to
scarring, tarsal fracture, eversion and augmentation with a
posterior lamellar graft such as nasal cartilage or hard palate may
be necessary.
Chronic blepharitis should be managed aggressively to prevent
these complications. Associated dry eyes should also be treated
concurrently with lubricants and anti-inflammatory agents.
Figure 3. Upper eyelid with
moderate cicatricial
entropion and “ptotic”
eyelashes.
Figure 3a. Eversion of the
lashes after tarsal wedge
resection.
By Dr Yip Chee Chew, Alexandra Hospital.
SPOTLIGHT ON
6 FOCUS JAN - APR09
NHG Eye Institute’s Oculoplastics Team
Dr. Yip Chee Chew
Dr. Shantha Amrith
Dr Gangadhara Sundar
Now heading our Oculoplastics Service, Dr Yip, Head and Senior
Consultant @ AH,is one of the few doctors awarded a two-year
Ministry of Health HMDP scholarship. He was trained at the
University of Cincinnati and the University of California, Los
Angeles – two prominent centres in Eye Plastic and Reconstructive
Surgery. He publishes widely and has experience in the functional
and cosmetic treatment of eyelid, orbital and lacrimal diseases.
He is also a reviewer for the Americal Journal of Ophthalmology
and a certified trainer and supervisor for Oculoplastics advanced
surgical training, as well as a course instructor at the American
Academy of Ophthalmology Annual Meeting.
Dr Shantha, a senior consultant at NHG Eye Institute @ NUHS,
obtained her FRCS Ophth from Royal College of Surgeons,
Edinburgh in 1979, followed by two Ophthalmic Plastic and
Reconstructive Surgery fellowships in Sydney Eye Hospital,
Australia and University of Cincinnati, USA. She possesses a vast
breadth of experience in managing a wide variety of patients with
various lid, lacrimal and orbital pathologies for reconstructive as
well as cosmetic surgery.
Dr Ganga, a consultant at NHG Eye Institute @NUHS, is active
in furthering the cause of the specialty in the South-East Asian
region. His special interests include pediatric oculoplastics,
aesthetic and functional reconstructive surgery, anophthalmic
sockets and orbital reconstruction.
Visiting Consultants
Dr Raymond Phua , NHG Eye Institute @NUHS
Dr Fong Kee Siew @ NHG Eye Institute @TTSH
OCULOPLASTIC s
Styes and Chalazia
Styes and chalazia are common problems
affecting both the young and elderly,
who may present either to the GP or the
ophthalmologist.
A stye, also known as an external
hordeolum, is a lash follicle abscess caused
by Staphylococcus aureus infection of the
follicle and its associated gland of Zeis
or Moll. It is common in patients with a
history of blepharitis. A chalazion is a
chronic lipogranulomatous inflammatory
lesion caused by blockage of the
meibomian gland orifices with stagnation
of sebaceous secretions. Acne rosacea or
seborrhoeic dermatitis are skin disorders
commonly associated with recurrent
chalazion formation.
Fig 1
The typical presentation of a stye is an
acute and tender swelling in the eyelid
margin (Fig. 1) which appears as a small
pus-filled lump pointing through the skin,
and it can cause pain and redness. The
history given for a chalazion is usually
that of a small, gradually enlarging painless
visible lump in the eyelid. This may occur
months prior to the patient’s consultation
at the clinic. The chalazion usually appears
on the internal surface of the eyelid (i.e.
on the conjunctival side) as a non-tender
roundish lesion. Eversion of the lid may
show a polypoidal granuloma if it has
ruptured through the conjunctiva.
The initial management for a small stye
would be lid hygiene, application of warm
compress, and an antibiotic ointment
such as chlortetracycline, fusidic acid or
tobramycin in young children. Most styes
would self-drain, although if it points at a
lash follicle, pulling out the eyelash would
accelerate the process. If untreated, the
inflammation may deteriorate to become
preseptal and even orbital cellulitis,
whereby systemic antibiotics are required.
Some chalazia may resolve spontaneously.
If they continue to enlarge or fail to settle
within a few months, then incision and
curettage (I & C) can be done. Alternatively,
an intra-lesional injection of triamcinolone
may be considered.
done in the treatment room. Prepare a set
containing local anaesthesia (lignocaine
2%, with or without adrenaline), a syringe
with a small gauge needle (preferably 27G
or smaller), a chalazion clamp, a blade, a
curette and sterile gauze.
Mark the location of the lump if it is
relatively small. Apply a drop of topical
anesthesia into the eye. Local anaesthesia
is infiltrated into the area to be clamped.
Once securely clamped, an incision is
made across the swelling (parallel to the lid
margin if the lump “points” cutaneously,
and perpendicular to the lid margin if the
lump “points” internally). The contents
are then curetted. Upon release of the
clamp, immediate firm pressure is applied
to the eyelid with gauze for about 5 to 10
minutes to aid haemostasis. The patient is
discharged with an antibiotic ointment.
In cases of recurrent chalazia/styes, a referral
could be made to the ophthalmologist for
further assessment. The ophthalmologist
will also assess if systemic tetracycline may
be required to control the problem. It is also
crucial that sebaceous gland carcinoma
should be excluded in such cases.
By Dr Eugenie Poh,
NHG Eye Institute@ TTSH
I & D or I & C of the stye/chalazion can be
Distinguishing between
Conjunctivitis and Uveitis
FOR OPTOMETRISTS
OPTOM’S CORNER
BY OPTOMETRISTS
Do you know the difference?
 
History
Laterality
Visual acuity
Pain
Conjunctivitis
Uveitis
 
 
Often bilateral
Usually unilateral
 May be slightly reduced
Reduced
Mild discomfort, grittiness
Other symptoms
Presence of
systemic diseases
Yes
Joint pains, rashes, fever
Usually none
 
Yes, examples include herpes
zoster, multiple sclerosis
Examination
Pupil reaction
The assumption that every red eye is
conjunctivitis may lead to missing the
diagnosis of uveitis. Here are a few simple
tips to help differentiate between the two
conditions.
Most intense in the
fornices
Normal
Most intense circumcorneally
Sluggish or irregular shape
Red reflex
 
 
Normal
 
Discharge
Significant amount
Minimal if any
Normal
Normal or high
Intra ocular pressure
May be reduced due to
anterior chamber
activity, cataract or vitritis
By Jonah Huang, NHG Eye Institute @ TTSH
7 FOCUS JAN - APR09
Redness
WHAT’S ON
NHG Eye Institute
International Ophthalmology Congress
Senior Parliamentary Secretary, Ministry of
Manpower and Health to grace its opening
The NHG Eye Institute held its inaugural ceremony. Our esteemed faculty included
International Ophthalmology Congress Professors John Forrester(UK), Andrew
at TTSH on 23-25 October 2008, in Dick(UK) and Neil Bressler(USA). Over 300
conjunction with the National Healthcare participants from the global ophthalmology
Group’s Annual Scientific Congress.
community (Indonesia, Malaysia, China,
India, Hong Kong, Philippines, Thailand,
Themed “Advances in Vitreoretina Taiwan, Brunei, Israel, Italy, Australia, UK
and Uveitis”, the Congress was and USA) attended symposia, workshops
honoured to have Mr Hawazi Daipi, and a free paper session.
NHG Eye Institute
International Ophthalmology Congress Free Paper Research Prize Winners
Category
NHG Eye Institute
– Allergan Research Prize
Category Description
Basic Specialist Trainees, Senior
House Officers & Junior Residents
NHG Eye Institute
– Allergan Merit Prize
NHG Eye Institute
– Bausch & Lomb Research
Prize
NHG Eye Institute
– Bausch & Lomb Merit Prize
NHG Eye Institute
– Novartis Research Prize
NHG Eye Institute
– Novartis Merit Prize
NHG Eye Institute
– Alcon Research Prize
NHG Eye Institute
– Alcon Merit Prize
NHG Eye Institute
– Hoya Research Prize
NHG Eye Institute
– Hoya Merit Prize
Clinical Fellows, Advanced Specialist
Trainees, Registrars & Senior
Residents
Scientists and Collaborators in Basic
Science Research
Consultant Ophthalmologists,
Ophthalmology Lecturers & above
Optometrists, Orthoptists, Opticians,
Ophthalmic Diagnostics Imaging
Specialists, Nurses & Medical
Students
Winners
Title of Paper
Dr Nicola GAN
Immune recovery uveitis in Singapore HIV
patients on HAART with cytomegalovirus retinitis
Dr Francine YANG
Outcomes of retained lens fragments after
cataract surgery
Dr Jocelyn CHUA
Increased SPARC expression in primary angle
closure glaucoma iris
Dr Johnson TAN
Tele-Ophthalmology: a prospective study on
the quality and accuracy in the diagnosis of
important causes of chronic blurred vision
Dr Veluchamy BARATHI
Analysis of regulation of mouse scleral fibroblast
(SF) after induction of experimental myopia
Dr Jay SIAK
Nuclear factor kappa B: a potential molecular
target for pterygium treatment
Dr Ajeet WAGLE
Ophthalmic manifestations in dengue fever
patients during epidemics caused predominantly
by different dengue serotypes
Dr Colin TAN
Pneumatic retinopexy revisited
Mr Wei Kiong NGO
Long-term changes in intraocular pressures after
cataract extraction in non-glaucomatous eyes
Ms Lynn FOO
Pain experienced during ophthalmic laser
procedures
Block these dates! 15 - 17 October 2009!
Look out for the 2nd International Ophthalmology Congress featuring Glaucoma & Neuro-Opthalmology!
a) What is the diagnosis?
b) What is the management?
8 FOCUS JAN - APR09
c) What possible eye complications could it be associated with?
Answers:
EYEQ
A 15 year old boy presented to the clinic with the complaint
of a rash on his right lower eyelid.
1) Herpes simplex vesicular eruption on right lower eyelid
2) Oral and topical acyclovir
3) Herpetic conjunctivitis, keratitis, iritis with or without
glaucoma, vitritis, retinitis
QUIZ
Quiz Master: Dr Eugenie Poh, NHG Eye Institute@ TTSH
TEST YOUR
General Hotline: 6357 7735 (Weekdays: 9am-5pm, excluding public holidays) • General Enquires by Email: tei@nhg.com.sg