1. art and entertainment
2. visual art and design
3. painting

Chapter 20 Northern Europe, 1400 to 1500
Multiple Choice Select the response that best answers the question or completes the
statement.
1.
The Well of Moses, sculpted by Claus Sluter, symbolically represented what
promise?
a. everlasting life
c. the monks’ vow of silence
b. protection for the peasants
d. the return of Christ
2.
The first international commercial stock exchange was established in
__________.
a. Paris
c. London
b. Amsterdam
d. Antwerp
3.
The calendar pictures of Les Très Riches Heures represent the _______________
in terms of the associated seasonal tasks.
a. twelve months
c. zodiac
b. twelve occupations
d. astrological signs
4.
Philip the Bold’s largest artistic enterprise was the __________________.
a. Dijon Cathedral
c. Chartreuse de Champmol
b. Arras Tapestry factory
d. Bruges Cathedral
5.
In Broederlam’s Annunciation and Visitation, it has been suggested the rotunda,
which appears in the scene, represents the ____________________.
a. Old Testament
c. New Testament
b. Gospel of Luke
d. Gospel of John
6.
The ________ controlled the Flemish artists’ profession.
a. Confraternity of St. Luke
c. guilds
b. Bourse
d. city council
7.
A substantial number of women were registered in the art guilds of __________.
a. Dijon
c. Bruges
b. Antwerp
d. Ghent
8.
Emerging capitalism and greater urban prosperity led to a growing interest in
which of the following.
a. secular portraiture
c. personal devotional diptychs
b. polyptych altarpieces
d. endowing small chapels
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9.
__________ artists were the first to employ oils extensively.
a. French
c. Flemish
b. Italian
d. German
10.
When the Ghent Altarpiece is opened, it reveals an image of
___________________.
a. Renaissance humanism
c. humanity’s Redemption
b. Byzantine icons
d. secular portraiture
11.
In the Ghent Altarpiece, the Lamb symbolized the ______________________.
a. sacrifice of Abraham
c. Old Testament
b. sacrificed Son of God
d. Gospel of John
12.
Rogier van der Weyden’s Deposition sums up his ________________.
a. late style
c. middle style
b. Florentine style
d. early style
13.
In the Last Supper from the Dirk Bouts Holy Sacrament altarpiece, the
orthogonals converge above the head of Christ to form which of the following.
a. a halo
c. multiple vanishing points
b. a single vanishing point
d. a reference for Judas
14.
Hans Memling specialized in images of the ___________.
a. Trinity
c. Crucifixion
b. Holy Family
d. Madonna
15.
Robert Campin’s (Master of Flémalle) Mérode Altarpiece included accessories,
furniture, and utensils in his work because they could also function as
______________________.
a. religious symbols
c. guild advertising
b. donor symbols
d. background
16.
The intersection of the secular and the religious can be seen in the Flemish
painting __________________________by Jan van Eyck.
a. Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride
c. Ghent Altarpiece
b. Man in a Red Turban
d. Bruges Madonna
17.
During the Hundred Years’ War anarchy and a weakened French monarchy
allowed a group of duchies to rise and challenge the power of the king, the
strongest of these was _____________.
a. Duchy of Normandy
c. Duchy of Aquitaine
b. Duchy of Toulouse
d. Duchy of Burgundy
18.
The Swiss artist ___________ showed great skill in the study of water effects.
a. Rogier van der Weyden
c. Martin Schongauer
b. Konrad Witz
d. Stephen Lochner
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19.
The art of _____________ developed rapidly with the invention of moveable type
and widespread availability of paper.
a. sculpture
c. printmaking
b. panel painting
d. manuscript painting
20.
Jan van Eyck’s ___________is a completely secular portrait.
a. Man in a Red Turban
c. Portrait of a Lady
b. Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride
d. ′Etienne Chevalier
Slide Questions
A.
Les Très Riches Heures January (Figure 20-15)
21.
22.
23.
24.
B.
Ghent Altar Closed (Figure 20-5)
25.
26.
C.
How does this work define 15th century Flemish style?
How does the artist use allegory to inform the viewer?
Who is the artist?
Virgin with Saints and Angels from St. John Altarpiece (Figure 20-14)
30.
31.
E.
How does this work combine the secular and the religious?
What is the medium?
Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride (Figure 20-1)
27.
28.
29.
D.
How does this work conform to the court of the Duc de Berry?
How does this theme conform to 15th century French style?
What was the purpose of this work?
Who was the artist?
How does this work express the Flemish style?
How does the artist conform to that style?
Saint Anthony Tormented by Demons (Figure 20-22)
32.
33.
34.
35.
How does this work express innovation?
How does the artist use the technique?
How does the work express 15th German style?
What is the purpose of this work?
Short Answer
36.
What is a Book of Hours?
37.
Describe the Carthusian order.
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38.
What medieval pictorial conventions does Broederlam employ?
39.
What was the function of an altarpiece?
40.
Define polyptych.
41.
How did the Ghent Altarpiece function?
42.
Who was Tommaso Portinari?
43.
Who were the primary German patrons during the fifteenth century?
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ANSWERS
Multiple Choice
1.
A page 520
2.
D page 519
3.
A page 533
4.
C page 520
5.
A page 522
6.
C page 528
7.
C page 528
8.
A page 524
9.
C page 523
10.
C page 524
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
B page 524
D page 527
B page 530
D page 531
A page 522
A page 524
D page 532
B page 536
C page 537
A page 526
Slide Questions
A.
21.
It is rich and informative of the court itself; the image shows the Duke at
his court receiving guests. This image provides the viewer with a
glimpse into court life. Page 533
22.
It echoes the formal and rich style of the French 15th century. Pages 532533
23.
It is a prayer book that could be used throughout the day. In addition it
also contained a calendar for the feast days and additional prayers and
litanies. Page 533
24.
There were three brothers, Pol, Hennequin, and Herman Limbourg. They
died before completing the Book which another court illustrator finished
70 years after their deaths. Pages 532-533
B.
25.
26.
C.
27.
28.
The inclusion of the donors, Jodocus Vyd and his wife Isabel Borluut, on
the bottom portion of the closed altarpiece allows them to participate fully
and completely in the devotion. The artist has linked them to Sts. John the
Baptist and Apostle, the precursor and the writer of the gospel detailing
Salvation and Redemption (it is also likely the Baptist was Vyd’s patron
saint), and directly above the couple is the promise of Salvation and
Redemption in the form of the Annunciation. Pages 522
Oil on panel (wood). Page 523
It combines references to religious and secular themes. In this work the
artist has created a portrait and also a document that might be a visual
marriage certificate or a visual “power of attorney” (recent scholarship).
The artist has successfully created an image of an important Bruges
household. Pages 524-525
The work is replete with allegorical symbols. The everyday household
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29.
D.
30.
31.
E.
32.
33.
34.
35.
items are transformed into alternate meanings: the single candle in the
chandelier is a reference to God (a reference that is repeated in the
mirror); the clogs indicate the couple is in the Divine Presence; the
small dog is a reference to fidelity. These allegorical references and the
others would have been understood by the 15th century viewer. Pages
524-525
Jan van Eyck. Page 524
It is rich both in textures and themes. It is devotional and secular, and it
unites luxuriant textures with a religious devotional theme with excellent
technical execution. Pages 532
Hans Memling uses rich color to bring a luxurious texture to the work; he
has balanced the composition so it can be read easily. Pages 532
The medium of engraving replaced the woodcut as a more facile process.
It allowed for book illustrations and single prints to reach a wider
segment of the population. Page 538
Martin Schongauer was a master at this medium. He was able to create
distinctions between tonal values and textures by using hatching (his
development) to describe form. Page 538
It expresses German piety as well as the secular interest in more
economically feasible religious works. Page 538
Single sheet print (available to a broader population and more cheaply
produced). Page 538
Short Answer
36.
A book used for reciting prayers. The center piece was the Office of the
Blessed Virgin to be read privately at seven set times during the day. Page
533
37.
It consisted of monks who devoted their lives to solitary living and prayer.
Page 520
38.
A staid treatment of the figures, halos, and flat gold background. Page 522
39.
A backdrop for the celebration of the Mass, teaching church doctrine,
visually encouraging piety, assisted in ensuring eventual salvation, and
promoting greater devotion among the faithful. Pages 520-521
40.
Hinged multi-paneled paintings. Page 521
41.
As the liturgical centerpiece of the endowment established in the chapel
Vyd and Borluut built in the local church dedicated to Saint John the
Baptist (now Saint Bavo Cathedral). Page 522
42.
An Italian ship owner, Medici agent, and patron of the arts. Page 530
43.
The flourishing middle class, wealthy merchants, and clergy. Page 534
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