1. science
2. ecology
3. pollution

Stormwater treatment
Issue 3
Photo courtesy of the Geological and Environmental Remote Sensing
Laboratory of the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez.
Contents
Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD)
2
Improving stormwater quality
3
Pollutant removal
3
Primary treatment
4
HumeGard® Gross Pollutant Trap
4
System operation
5
Independent verification testing
5
Options
6
Design information
7
Installation
7
Maintenance
7
Secondary treatment
8
HumeCeptor® hydrodynamic separator
8
System operation
9
Independent verification testing
10
Options
10
Design information
13
Installation
13
Maintenance
13
Tertiary treatment
14
JellyFish® filter
14
System operation
15
Options
17
Performance
18
Design information
18
Installation
18
Maintenance
18
References
18
Contact information
19
Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD)
Originating in the early 1990’s, Water Sensitive Urban
Top:
WSUD in practice
Design (WSUD) was proposed as a method of designing
urban developments to encompass all aspects of the
urban water cycle. It aimed to integrate the stormwater,
potable (drinking) water, and wastewater cycles to
minimise the adverse impact of development.
• protect water quality environmental values of surface
and groundwater
• minimise demand on the reticulated water supply
system and utilise stormwater as a valued resource
• minimise capital and maintenance costs of
stormwater infrastructure and minimise sewage
discharges to the natural environment
Principles of WSUD are continually being refined, yet
generally include the following:
• protect existing natural features and
ecological processes
• integrate public open spaces with stormwater
drainage corridors
• maintain natural hydrologic behavior of catchments
and preserve the natural water cycle
2
Stormwater treatment
• integrate water into the landscape to enhance visual,
social, cultural and ecological values.
Source: Dept. of Environment Resources and Management 2010.
For Humes and its parent company, Holcim Ltd,
sustainable development is a key priority. Our
stormwater treatment products demonstrate our
commitment to protecting the environment.
Stormwater treatment
Improving stormwater quality
Model for Urban Stormwater Improvement
Conceptualisation (MUSIC)
Stormwater runoff from urban areas has been
shown to contain a wide variety of pollutants from
MUSIC software was developed as an assessment tool
both natural and man-made sources, with key
for designers and authorities to identify appropriate
contaminants including:
stormwater treatment measures to achieve the above
WQO for new urban development proposals.
• sediment/suspended solids
• litter
• nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous)
Pollutant removal
• heavy metals
• pesticides
Treatment trains
• hydrocarbons (oil and grease)
• micro-biological organisms.
To effectively treat stormwater runoff, it is necessary to
utilise different treatment processes to target different
To minimise the impact of pollutants on receiving
pollutants; the combination of which is typically referred
waterways many authorities have now set specific
to as a ‘treatment train’.
Water Quality Objectives (WQO) for the treatment of
stormwater runoff from new developments. Due to the
Figure 1 demonstrates how specific pollutants must be
complexity and variability of stormwater runoff, and
targeted by higher level treatment measures and how it
climatic changes across Australia, many authorities
is helpful to separate them into primary, secondary, and
have different WQO with load reductions of 80%
tertiary categories.
Total Suspended Solids (TSS), 50% Total Nitrogen (TN),
and 50% Total Phosphorous (TP) typical.
Figure 1 – Treatment measure selection guide
Table 2 – (adapted
Volume fi
lterEcological
selectionEngineering 2003)
from
Hydraulic
Particle size grading
Treatment measures
loading
(Qdes/Afacility)
Gross solids
1,000,000 m/yr
>5,000 µm
100,000 m/yr
Coarse to medium
50,000 m/yr
sized particulates
5,000 m/yr
5,000 µm - 125 µm
Fine particulates
2,500 m/yr
125 µm - 10 µm
1,000 m/yr
Very fine/colloidal
500 m/yr
particulates
50 m/yr
10 µm - 0.45 µm
Dissolved particles
10 m/yr
< 0.45 µm
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Stormwater treatment 3
Primary treatment
HumeGard® Gross Pollutant Trap
The HumeGard® system is a Gross Pollutant Trap (GPT) that is specifically designed
to remove gross pollutants and coarse sediments ≥ 150 microns, from stormwater
runoff. A wide range of models are available to provide solutions for normal and
super-critical flow conditions.
The patented HumeGard® GPT incorporates a unique
• It has low operational velocities
floating boom and bypass chamber to enable the
Flow velocity in the storage chamber is <0.2 m/s to
continued capture of floating material, even during peak
ensure the comb self-cleans and improves settling of
flows. The configuration also prevents re-suspension
coarse sediment.
and release of trapped materials during subsequent
storm events.
The HumeGard® GPT is designed for residential and
commercial developments where litter and sediment are
the target pollutants. It is particularly useful in retrofit
• It retains floating material even in bypass
All GPTs bypass at high flows. The patented floating
boom will capture and retain floating materials even
when bypass occurs.
• It provides cost effective treatment for litter and
applications or drainage systems on flat grades where
coarse sediments
low head loss requirements are critical, and in high
The system’s large capacity and long maintenance
backwater situations.
intervals reduces the overall lifecycle costs in
comparison with other treatment measures.
The value of the HumeGard® GPT has proven it to
• It can reduce the footprint of the stormwater
be one of the most successful treatment devices in
treatment train
Australia today:
Installation of a HumeGard® GPT prior to vegetated
treatment measures can assist in reducing their
• The system provides high performance with negligible
head loss
The HumeGard® GPT has a head loss ‘k’ factor of 0.2,
important for retrofit and surcharging systems.
• It captures and stores a large volume of pollutants
For pollutant export rates reported by Australia Runoff
Quality (1 m3/hectare/year), the HumeGard® GPT is
sized for maintenance intervals up to annual durations.
• It uses independently proven technology
The system was developed and tested by Swinburne
University of Technology, Australia, in 1998, to
demonstrate compliance with operational criteria from
the Victorian EPA.
4
Stormwater treatment
overall footprint.
• It maximises above ground land use
The HumeGard® GPT is a fully trafficable solution, so
it can be installed under pavements and hardstands to
maximise land use on constrained sites.
• It is easy to maintain
Cleanout of the HumeGard® GPT can be performed
safely and effectively from the surface using a
vacuum truck.
• It is made from quality componentry
All internal metal components are made from
304 stainless steel or fibreglass, and the system
undergoes rigorous quality control prior to dispatch.
Stormwater treatment
System operation
Figure 2 – HumeGard® system operation during design
flow conditions
The HumeGard® GPT utilises the processes of physical
filtration and floatation/sedimentation to separate the
litter and coarse sediment from stormwater runoff.
It incorporates an upper bypass chamber diverting
treatable flows via a floating boom (refer to Figure 2),
and a lower treatment chamber for settling and filtering
coarse pollutants from the flow. For more details on
the operation of the HumeGard® GPT refer to the
technical manual.
Independent verification testing
Laboratory and field testing of the HumeGard® GPT for
hydraulic performance and litter capture was conducted
in Australia by Swinburne University of Technology,
during 1996 and 1998.
Laboratory and field testing (Waste Management
Council of Victoria 1998, Trinh 2007, Woods 2005,
Swinburne University of Technology 2000) has proven the
performance outlined in Table 1 below.
Table 1 – HumeGard® GPT performance summary
Pollutant
Removal efficiency
Details
Gross pollutants
(litter, vegetation)
90%
Annually
Sediment
99%
Prior to bypass, for >150 micron particles
85%
Annually (including bypass)
Hydrocarbons
90%
In an emergency spill event
Nutrients (TN, TP)
20%
Particulate-bound
Notes:
1. Nutrient removal is influenced by individual catchment characteristics and partitioning between dissolved and particulate nitrogen.
2. For further details on performance testing contact Humes.
3. Gross pollutant traps are not specifically designed to capture hydrocarbons, though may do so during emergency spill events. When this
occurs, maintenance is required immediately.
4. The unique design of the HumeGard® floating boom allows it to be modified to treat higher flows and capture more gross pollutants and
sediment on request.
Stormwater treatment 5
Options
• Angled HumeGard® GPT – designed to replace a 45° or
90° junction in a drainage network.
A wide range of sizes are available to suit catchment
• Dual outlet HumeGard® GPT – designed to divert the
pollutant generation rates and Water Quality Objectives
Q3mth to downstream natural Water Sensitive Urban
(WQO). Table 2 below presents the standard units,
Design (WSUD) elements such as wetlands and
their dimensions and the total storage volume.
bio-retention whilst bypassing excess flows through a
second outlet.
We recommend that designers contact Humes for
• Inundated applications – the HumeGard® GPT can be
detailed sizing on each project and for advice with
modified to accommodate temporary and permanent
larger units.
inundation of the drainage network.
For more details on the variants and their application
Variants
refer to the HumeGard® GPT technical manual.
A number of additional innovations have been made to
the HumeGard® GPT to facilitate their effective operation
in a wider range of applications:
• Super-critical HumeGard® GPT – designed to operate
under supercritical flow conditions in steep, high
velocity drainage networks.
Table 2 – HumeGard® model range and dimensions
Pipe diameter or box
culvert width
(mm)
Width
(m)
Length
(m)
Depth from pipe
invert
(m)
Total pollutant
capacity
(m3)
HG12
300 - 375
1.8
2.0
1.39
2.0
HG15
450 - 525
1.8
2.0
1.36
2.0
HG18
525 - 675
2.0
2.1
1.10
2.5
HG22
675 - 825
2.5
2.5
1.25
6.0
HG24
600 - 825
2.7
2.5
1.70
6.8
HG27
750
3.0
2.5
1.60
6.7
HG30
750 - 900
3.4
2.5
2.20
10.6
HG30A
900
3.4
2.5
1.90
9.7
HG35
900
3.9
2.5
2.00
11.3
1,050
3.9
2.5
1.80
10.2
900
4.4
2.9
2.00
14.5
HG40A
1,050
4.4
2.9
1.80
13.2
HG40B
1,200
4.4
2.9
1.60
8.9
HG45
1,200
4.9
2.9
2.10
18.3
HG45A
1,350
4.9
3.2
1.90
18.0
>1,500
5.3
3.5
2.00
>20.0
HumeGard®
model
HG35A
HG40
HG50 and larger
Note: The unique design of the HumeGard® floating boom allows it to be modified to treat a wide range of flowrates. Contact Humes for details
on the model to suit your project.
6
Stormwater treatment
Left:
HumeGard® Gross
Pollutant Trap
To design a system suitable for your project it is
necessary to review the configuration of the stormwater
system, the location and purpose of other stormwater
management (WSUD) controls, the catchment area and
the hydrology. Refer to the HumeGard® GPT technical
manual for a step by step process or contact Humes
for assistance.
MUSIC/pollutant export model inputs
Many local authorities utilise MUSIC or other pollutant
export models to assist in stormwater treatment train
selection, and recommend generic inputs for GPTs.
Considering these against the independent research
results, the following conservative removal efficiencies
Construction sequence
(refer to Table 3 below) are recommended for the
HumeGard® GPT on an annual basis (i.e. no bypass).
Table 3 – MUSIC inputs for the HumeGard® GPT
Pollutant
The HumeGard® unit is installed as follows:
1.
Prepare the geotextile and aggregate base.
2.
Install the main treatment chamber section.
3.
Install the main bypass chamber section/s
(if required).
Removal efficiency
Gross pollutants
(litter, vegetation)
90%
TSS
50%
Nutrients (TN, TP)
20%
4.
Fit the stainless steel comb (if required).
5.
Connect the inlet and outlet pipes.
6.
Place the main chamber lid.
7.
Install the frame and access covers.
Maintenance
Installation
The design of the HumeGard® GPT means that
The installation of the HumeGard® unit should conform
maintenance is best performed by vacuum trucks or
to the local authority’s specifications for stormwater
baskets (available upon request), both of which avoid
pit construction. Detailed installation instructions are
entry into the unit.
dispatched with each unit.
Stormwater treatment 7
Stormwater treatment
Design information
Secondary treatment
HumeCeptor® hydrodynamic separator
The HumeCeptor® system is a patented hydrodynamic separator, specifically
designed to remove hydrocarbons and suspended solids from stormwater
runoff, preventing spills and minimising non-point source pollution entering
downstream waterways.
The HumeCeptor® system is an underground, precast
Right:
HumeCeptor®
system
concrete stormwater treatment solution that utilises
hydrodynamic and gravitational separation to
efficiently remove Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and
entrained hydrocarbons from runoff. First designed as
an ‘at source’ solution for constrained, commercial and
industrial sites it has been improved and expanded
to service large catchments, mine and quarry sites,
inundated drainage systems, and capture large
volume emergency spill events. The system is ideal for
hardstands/wash bays, car parks, shopping centres,
industrial/commercial warehouses, petrol stations,
airports, major road infrastructure applications, quarries,
mine sites and production facilities.
Independently tested, and installed in over 30,000
projects worldwide, the HumeCeptor® system provides
effective, and reliable secondary treatment of stormwater
for constrained sites.
• Each device is sized to achieve the necessary
Water Quality Objectives (WQO) on an annual basis
Utilising the latest build-up and wash-off algorithms,
• The system reliably removes a high level of TSS
ensures that the device chosen achieves the desired
The HumeCeptor® system was developed specifically
WQO (e.g. 80% TSS removal) on an annual basis.
to remove fine suspended solids and hydrocarbons
from stormwater, and has been certified to achieve
high pollutant removal efficiencies for TSS (>80%) and
Total Nutrients (TN) (>30%) on an annual basis.
• It captures and retains hydrocarbons and TSS down
The HumeCeptor® system’s technology has been
assessed by independent verification authorities
including the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection (NJDEP), The Washington
Department of Environment (USA), and by the
Each system is specifically designed to maintain low
Canadian Environmental Technology Verification
treatment chamber velocities to capture and retain TSS
program (ETV).
oils from stormwater.
8
• Its performance has been independently verified
to 10 microns
down to 10 microns. It also removes up to 98% of free
PCSWMM software for the HumeCeptor® system
and hydrocarbons
Stormwater treatment
Stormwater treatment
• The system is proven
System operation
The HumeCeptor® system was one of the first
stormwater treatment devices introduced to Australia,
The HumeCeptor® system slows incoming stormwater
and now after 30,000 installations worldwide, its
to create a non-turbulent treatment environment
popularity is testament to its performance, quality and
(refer to Figure 3 below), allowing free oils and debris
value for money.
to rise and sediment to settle. Each HumeCeptor®
• High flows won’t scour captured sediment
system maintains continuous positive treatment of TSS,
The unique design of the HumeCeptor® unit ensures
regardless of flow rate, treating a wide range of particle
that as flows increase and exceed the treatment flow,
sizes, as well as free oils, heavy metals and nutrients that
the velocity in the storage chamber decreases.
attach to fine sediment.
• Nutrients are captured along with the sediment
The effective capture of TSS results in the capture of
particulate nutrients shown to be >30% of TN and
Total Phosphorous (TP).
• Designs allow for emergency spill storage, directional
The HumeCeptor® system’s patented scour prevention
technology then ensures pollutants are captured and
contained during all rainfall events. For more detail on
the operation of the HumeCeptor® system refer to the
technical manual.
change, multiple pipes and tidal inundation
A new range of HumeCeptor® systems are now
available, built specifically to manage emergency
spills (50,000 L storage), change of pipe directions, the
Figure 3 – HumeCeptor® system operation during design
flow condition
joining of multiple pipes, or to manage high tail water
levels as a result of tides or downstream water bodies.
• Fully trafficable to suit land use up to Class G
The HumeCeptor® system is a fully trafficable solution,
it can be installed under pavements and hardstands to
maximise above ground land use.
Stormwater treatment 9
Independent verification testing
of Environment Protection (NJDEP) and Washington
Department of Environment (WDOE).
The HumeCeptor® system has been extensively
researched by more than 15 independent authorities
A number of agencies have conducted independent
to validate its performance; it has now gained
studies; their results from these studies (over 100 test
Environmental Technology Verification (ETV)
events) have been summarised in Table 4.
certificates from ETV Canada, New Jersey Department
Table 4 – HumeCeptor® systems performance summary
Pollutant
Average removal efficiency
Details
TSS
80%
Laboratory and field results, stable, hardstand, roads,
commercial and industrial sites
TN
53%
Field results
TP
37%
Field results
Chromium
44%
Field results
Copper
29%
Field results
TPH
65%
<10 ppm inflow concentration
95%
10 ppm - 50 ppm inflow concentration (typical stormwater)
99%
>500 ppm inflow concentration (emergency spills)
Note: Detailed reports are presented in the HumeCeptor® system technical manual.
Options
There are a number of HumeCeptor® systems available
to meet the requirements of various WQO maintaining
catchments and local hydrology. The standard range is
detailed in Table 5 below.
Table 5 – HumeCeptor® model range and details
HumeCeptor®
model
STC 2 (inlet)
Pipe diameter
(mm)
100 - 600
Device
diameter
(mm)
Depth from
pipe invert*
(m)
Sediment
capacity
(m3)
1,200
1.70
1
1.68
2
2.13
3
3.03
5
2.69
6
3.69
10
3.44
14
4.04
18
3.84
20
STC 3
STC 5
1,800
STC 7
STC 9
STC 14
STC 18
STC 23
STC 27
100 - 1,200
2,440
3,060
3,600
Note: *Depths are approximate.
Larger inlet pipe diameters can be accommodated - contact Humes for further information.
10
Stormwater treatment
Oil capacity
(l)
350
Total storage
capacity
(l)
1,740
3,410
1,020
4,550
6,820
1,900
9,090
13,640
2,980
18,180
22,730
4,290
27,270
Stormwater treatment
Variants
Figure 4 – HumeCeptor® STC 2 (inlet) model
Continual improvement over the last 14 years of
HumeCeptor® systems installation has provided a
number of enhancements to address specific treatment
and design requirements.
• HumeCeptor® STC 2 (inlet) model
This model features a grated inlet to directly capture
runoff from hardstand areas, replacing the need for a
stormwater pit (refer to Figure 4).
• AquaCeptor™ model
This model has been designed with a weir extension
and high level secondary inlet to increase the level
at which flows bypass the treatment chamber, and
accommodate downstream tail water levels or periodic
inundation (e.g. tidal situations). Figure 5 displays
Figure 5 – AquaCeptor™ model
the AquaCeptor™ model - these are available in
the same sizes as the standard HumeCeptor® units
(refer to Table 5 on page 10).
• MultiCeptor™ model
The MultiCeptor™ model was developed to facilitate
the replacement of junction pits while still providing
the treatment abilities of the original HumeCeptor®
system and reducing time and costs during
installation. The MultiCeptor™ model is available
in the same sizes as the standard HumeCeptor®
units (refer Table 6 below) and a 2,440 mm diameter
MultiCeptor™ unit is also available to accommodate
drainage networks up to 1,800 mm diameter.
Table 6 – MultiCeptor™ model range and details
HumeCeptor®
model
Pipe diameter
(mm)
Device
diameter
(mm)
Depth from
pipe invert
(m)
MI3
MI5
2
2.13
3
3.03
5
2.69
6
3.69
10
3.44
14
4.04
18
3.84
20
4,290
27,270
2.69 - 3.84
6 - 20
1,900 - 4,290
9,090 - 27,270
1,800
MI14
100 - 1,350
MI18
MI27
MI9 - MI27
(2,440)
2,440
3,060
MI23
3,600
100 - 1,800
2,440 top
up to
3,600 base
Total storage
capacity
(l)
Oil capacity
(l)
1.68
MI7
MI9
Sediment
capacity
(m3)
3,410
1,020
4,550
6,820
1,900
9,090
13,640
2,980
18,180
22,730
Stormwater treatment 11
Figure 6 – DuoCeptor™ model
• DuoCeptor™ model
The DuoCeptor™ model has been developed to treat
larger catchments (2 Ha – 6 Ha) as some constrained
developments can only accommodate a single, large
device instead of several smaller devices. Figure 6 displays
the DuoCeptor™ model and Table 7 details the range of
capacities available.
• HumeCeptor EOS™ model
The HumeCeptor EOS™ (Emergency Oil Spill) system
provides you with the maximum protection against
hydrocarbon spills at petrol stations, highway
interchanges and intersections. It combines the passive,
always-operating functions of the HumeCeptor® system,
with additional emergency storage to capture the volume
of spill required by your road authority.
• HumeCeptor MAX™ model
The HumeCeptor MAX™ model was developed to meet the
market need for a single, large, end-of-pipe solution for
TSS removal. Utilising the HumeCeptor® system’s proven
capture and scour prevention technology, it is ideal for very
large commercial and industrial sites (>6 Ha) that need to
achieve at least 50% TSS removal and hydrocarbon capture.
The HumeCeptor MAX™ model can be expanded to almost
any capacity required.
For more details on the variants and their application refer to
the HumeCeptor® system technical manual.
Table 7 – DuoCeptor™ model range and details
DuoCeptor™
model
Pipe
diameter
(mm)
STC 40
STC 50
STC 60
12
Stormwater treatment
600 - 1,500
Device
footprint
(L x W)
7,750 x 3,500
9,150 x 4,200
Depth from
pipe invert
(m)
Sediment
capacity
(m3)
Oil
capacity
(l)
Total storage
capacity
(l)
3.41
27
10,585
42,370
4.01
35
10,585
50,525
3.89
42
11,560
60,255
Installation
To design a system suitable for your project it is
Installation procedures
Stormwater treatment
Design information
necessary to review the configuration of the stormwater
system, the location and purpose of other stormwater
The installation of the HumeCeptor® unit should
management (WSUD) controls, the catchment area
conform in general to local authority’s specifications
and the hydrology. Refer to the HumeCeptor® system
for stormwater pit construction. Detailed installation
technical manual for further details.
instructions are dispatched with each unit.
MUSIC/pollutant export model inputs
Construction sequence
Many local authorities utilise MUSIC or other pollutant
The HumeCeptor® unit is installed in sections as follows:
export models to assist in stormwater treatment train
selection, and recommend generic inputs for GPTs and
hydrodynamic separators.
Considering these against the independent research
results, and PCSWMM modelling used to size a
HumeCeptor® unit, the following conservative removal
efficiencies (refer to Table 8) are recommended on an
annual basis (i.e. no bypass).
1.
Prepare the geotextile and aggregate base.
2.
Install the treatment chamber base section.
3.
Install the treatment chamber section/s (if required).
4.
Prepare the transition slab (if required).
5.
Install the bypass chamber section.
6.
Fit the inlet drop pipe and decant pipe (if required).
7.
Connect inlet and outlet pipes as required.
8.
Prepare the transition slab.
9.
Install the maintenance access chamber section.
(if required).
Table 8 – MUSIC inputs for the HumeCeptor® system
Pollutant
10. Install the frame and access cover/grate.
Removal efficiency
TSS
80%
TN
30%
TP
30%
Maintenance
The design of the HumeCeptor® system means that
maintenance is generally conducted with a vacuum truck
which avoids entry into the unit.
Stormwater treatment 13
Tertiary treatment
JellyFish® filter
The JellyFish® filter is a tertiary stormwater treatment system featuring membrane
filtration to provide exceptional pollutant removal at high treatment flow rates with
minimal head loss and low maintenance costs.
The JellyFish® filter uses gravity, flow rotation, and
up-flow membrane filtration to provide tertiary
treatment to stormwater in an underground structure.
Using unique filtration cartridges, each JellyFish® filter
provides a large membrane surface area, resulting in high
flow rates and pollutant removal capacity.
The JellyFish® filter efficiently captures a high level of
stormwater pollutants, including:
• Total Suspended Solids (TSS), median removal
efficiency of 89%, including particles down to
two microns
• Total Nitrogen (TN), median removal efficiency of 51%
• Total Phosphorous (TP), median removal efficiency
of 59%
• The system provides tertiary level performance with a
small footprint
The proven performance of the JellyFish® filter and
high flow rate membranes enables water quality
objectives to be met with a smaller footprint system
than typical bioretention systems.
• It has been independently researched and proven
The JellyFish® filter has been independently researched
under laboratory conditions in Australia and both
laboratory and field conditions in the United States.
In the United States, it has received verification under
the stringent New Jersey Corporation for Advanced
Technology (NJCAT) protocol.
• It treats higher flow rates than most filters
• Total Copper (Cu), median removal efficiency of 90%
Each filter cartridge has an effective filter area of
• Total Zinc (Zn), median removal efficiency of 70%.
35.4 m2 designed to treat 5 litres per second (L/s)
through operational filters.
Designed as a polishing device for constrained sites, the
• Above-ground land use is maintained
JellyFish® filter is available in a range of sizes to cater for
The system is assembled within a fully-trafficable,
both at-source and end-of-pipe solutions.
precast concrete structure for underground
installations on constrained sites, allowing maximum
use for above-ground activities.
• Maintenance is easy
The filter backwashes after peak flows so it can
self-clean several times in each storm event. Manual
rinsing is recommended annually. When cartridge
replacement is required (usually three to five years), it
is a safe and simple process.
14
Stormwater treatment
Stormwater treatment
System operation
Large, heavy particles fall to the sump (sedimentation)
and low specific gravity pollutants rise to the surface
As a tertiary treatment system, the JellyFish® filter
(floatation) behind the Maintenance Access Wall
is designed to be an “offline” structure, as part of a
(MAW). Treatment begins when flow enters the system
treatment train. For effective operation, the system
through the inlet pipe (standard). Below-deck inlet pipes
requires a difference in elevation between upstream and
are offered as an option where pipe invert levels are
downstream water levels. Typically, a minimum 455 mm
already deep.
of driving head is designed into the system. For more
details, refer to the JellyFish® filter technical manual.
Influent enters the MAW zone and passes through a
large opening in the deck to the lower chamber. The large
The JellyFish® filter uses gravity, flow rotation and
deck opening and change in flow direction attenuate the
membrane filtration treatment to remove pollutants
influent flow velocity. Buoyant pollutants remain on the
from stormwater runoff. These functions are depicted in
surface in the MAW zone. Flow into the lower chamber
Figure 9 below.
must then pass tangentially around the separator skirt
protecting the cartridges and increasing flowpath length.
Gravitational forces remove coarse sediment (generally
Coarse sediment settles out of the MAW zone into
>50 microns), particulate-bound pollutants (nutrients,
the sump.
toxic metals, hydrocarbons), free oil and floatable
trash and debris (that may bypass upstream primary
As water flows tangentially around the separator skirt in
treatment devices).
the lower chamber, the large opening in the bottom of
the separator skirt and upward change in direction
Figure 9 – JellyFish® filter components and functions
Maintenance access wall
Outlet
Inlet
Backwash pool
High-flow cartridges
Cartridge deck
Draindown cartridge
Separator skirt
Gravitational particles
settling
Flow rotation
Stormwater treatment 15
further reduces flow velocity and enhances particle
the backwash pool, the draindown cartridge provides
separation. As a result, sediment settles in the sump.
treatment at a reduced flow rate (2.5 L/s) and allows the
treated water captured in the backwash pool to return
Flows pass through the cartridge in the filtration zone.
through the cartridges and balance water pressure as the
Each filter cartridge consists of multiple tentacles.
storm event ends.
Uniform hydraulic pressure across the entire membrane
surface causes water to penetrate the filtration tentacles.
As particles build up on the external membrane surface,
Water enters the membrane pores radially and deposits
the pores progressively become smaller. This process,
fine particulates on the exterior membrane surface.
referred to as “filter ripening”, significantly improves
Filtered water flows into the centre drain tube of each
the removal efficiency relative to a brand new or clean
tentacle, the water then flows upward and out the top.
membrane. Filter ripening accounts for the ability of
the JellyFish® filter to remove particles finer than the
Water exiting the top of the tentacles combines under
nominal pore size (20 microns) rating of the membranes.
the lid, where the combined flow exits the cartridge
through the orifice with a pulsating fountain effect into
An animation of the JellyFish® filter operation and
the backwash pool.
maintenance is available on our website. For more detail
on the operation of the JellyFish® filter, refer to the
When the water level in the backwash pool exceeds
JellyFish® filter technical manual.
the weir height it overflows to the outlet pipe. Outside
Figure 10 – JellyFish® filter offline arrangement without diversion weir
JellyFish® unit outlet I.L.
is 455 mm lower than
I.L. of high flow bypass
inlet
Diversion chamber inlet
Low flo
w
w
Lo
flo
w
High flow bypass
Bypass inlet I.L. is 455 mm
higher than JellyFish®
unit outlet
JellyFish® unit
Diversion chamber
Collection chamber
Figure 11 – JellyFish® filter offline arrangement with diversion weir
JellyFish® unit outlet I.L.
is 455 mm lower than
top of weir wall
Diversion chamber inlet
Low flo
w
w
Lo
flo
w
High flow bypass
Top of weir is 455 mm
higher than I.L. of
JellyFish® unit outlet
Diversion chamber
16
Stormwater treatment
JellyFish® unit
Collection chamber
Stormwater treatment
Options
The JellyFish® filter can be customised to suit your
project requirements. As each treatment train is unique
and units are designed to match surface levels, contact
Humes for assistance, however, Table 9 below can be
used as a guide.
Table 9 – JellyFish® filter model range and details
JellyFish®
model
Number of highflow cartridges
Number of
draindown
cartridges
Inlet pipe
diameters (mm)
Treatment flow
(L/s)
JF1200-1-1
1
7.5
JF1200-2-1
2
12.5
JF1800-3-1
3
JF1800-4-1
4
JF1800-5-1
5
JF1800-6-1
6
32.5
JF2400-6-2
6
35.0
JF2400-7-2
7
40.0
JF2400-8-2
8
JF2400-9-2
9
50.0
JF2400-10-2
10
55.0
JF3000-11-3
11
JF3000-12-3
12
JF3000-12-4
12
70.0
JF3000-13-4
13
75.0
JF3000-14-4
14
80.0
JF3000-15-4
15
85.0
JF3000-16-4
16
JF3000-17-4
17
95.0
JF3000-18-4
18
100.0
JF3000-19-4
19
105.0
JF3600-20-5
20
112.5
JF3600-21-5
21
JF3600-22-5
22
JF3600-23-5
23
JF3600-24-5
24
JF3600-25-5
25
137.5
JF3600-26-5
26
142.5
JF3600-27-5
27
147.5
Nominal
structure
diameter (mm)
1,200
17.5
1
150 - 225
2
22.5
27.5
45.0
1,800
2,400
62.5
3
225 - 300
4
67.5
3,000
90.0
300 - 375
117.5
122.5
127.5
5
132.5
3,600
Note: Designers should allow for upstream and downstream bypass pits and a bypass pipe link in a triangular configuration as per Fig. 10 and 11.
Stormwater treatment 17
Performance
Design information
The JellyFish® filter has been designed to provide tertiary
To design a system suitable for your project it is necessary
level treatment and should be combined with a Gross
to determine the configuration of the stormwater
Pollutant Trap (GPT) as part of a treatment train to ensure
system, the location and purpose of other stormwater
optimal performance.
management WSUD controls, the catchment area and
the hydrology. Tailwater conditions, bypass requirements
and inlet level can also influence the selected design.
Treatment efficiency
Refer to the JellyFish® filter technical manual for further
details or contact Humes for assistance.
Extensive research of the JellyFish® filter has proven its
performance under Australian laboratory and US field
conditions. Field testing in the United States has received
Installation
independent verification under the stringent New Jersey
Corporation for Advanced Technology (NJCAT) protocol.
The JellyFish® filter can be installed by a civil or plumbing
The results are summarised in Table 14 below.
contractor in much the same way as a manhole or other
stormwater drainage structure. It is supplied on-site
in separate, easily identifiable components, with an
Table 14 – JellyFish® filter performance summary
Pollutant
Median reduction
upstream bypass pit and downstream junction pit. Note
that these upstream and downstream pits are at an
additional cost.
TSS
89%
TP
59%
The JellyFish® filter is lowered into place by a crane or
TN
51%
excavator, the components interlock and the tapered
Cu
90%
surround can be rotated to match a surface grade (if the
Zn
70%
system is located in road pavement). The system arrives
Total oil and grease
62%
to the site with the internal parts fully assembled.
Reference: University of Florida (2011).
Maintenance
Maintenance of the JellyFish® filter is performed via
an eduction truck to remove the sediment. When
required, the depleted cartridges are manually removed
and replaced.
References
Reports and research papers have been published to
substantiate the performance of the JellyFish® filter;
these are available at humes.com.au.
18
Stormwater treatment
Stormwater treatment
Contact information
National sales 1300 361 601
humes.com.au
info@humes.com.au
Head Office
New South Wales
Tasmania
18 Little Cribb St
Grafton
Launceston
Milton QLD 4064
Ph: (02) 6644 7666
Ph: (03) 6335 6300
Ph: (07) 3364 2800
Fax: (02) 6644 7313
Fax: (03) 6335 6330
Fax: (07) 3364 2963
Newcastle
South Australia
Ph: (02) 4032 6800
Queensland
Fax: (02) 4032 6822
Adelaide
Ipswich/Brisbane
Sydney
Ph: (08) 8168 4544
Ph: (07) 3814 9000
Ph: (02) 9832 5555
Fax: (08) 8168 4549
Fax: (07) 3814 9014
Fax: (02) 9625 5200
Rockhampton
Tamworth
Ph: (07) 4924 7900
Ph: (02) 6763 7300
Fax: (07) 4924 7901
Fax: (02) 6763 7301
Western Australia
Gnangara
Ph: (08) 9302 8000
Sunshine Coast
Ph: (07) 5472 9700
Fax: (08) 9309 1625
Victoria
Perth
Fax: (07) 5472 9711
Echuca
Ph: (08) 9351 6999
Townsville
Ph: (03) 5480 2371
Fax: (08) 9351 6977
Ph: (07) 4758 6000
Fax: (03) 5482 3090
Fax: (07) 4758 6001
Northern Territory
Melbourne
Ph: (03) 9360 3888
Darwin
Fax: (03) 9360 3887
Ph: (08) 8984 1600
Fax: (08) 8984 1614
Stormwater treatment 19
National sales 1300 361 601
humes.com.au
info@humes.com.au
A Division of Holcim Australia
This publication supersedes all previous literature on this subject. As the specifications and details contained in this publication may change
please check with Humes Customer Service for confirmation of current issue. This publication provided general information only and is no
substitute for professional engineering advice. No representations or warranty is made regarding the accuracy, completeness or relevance
of the information provided. Users must make their own determination as to the suitability of this information and any Humes’ product for
their specific circumstances. Humes accepts no liability for any loss or damage resulting from any reliance on the information provided in
this publication. Humes is a registered trademark and a registered business name of Holcim (Australia) Pty Ltd. HumeGard and HumeCeptor, are
registered trademarks of Holcim (Australia) Pty Ltd. StormTrap is a registered trademark of StormTrap LLC. JellyFish is a registered trademark
of Imbrium Systems Inc, Canada and is used in Australia under license. JellyFish is registered pursuant to Australian Patent Application No.
2008286748 (PCT/US08/73311), US Patent Application No. 11/839,303 and 12/014,888 and International Publication No. WO 2009/023832 A1.
© May 2014 Holcim (Australia) Pty Ltd ABN 87 099 732 297. All rights reserved. This guide or any part of it may not be reproduced without prior
written consent of Holcim.