1. shopping
2. gifts
3. flowers

Designing Corsages and
Boutonnieres
Unit: Floriculture
Problem Area: Floral Design
Lesson: Designing Corsages and Boutonnieres
¢ Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students
achieving the following objectives:
1
2
3
4
Identify and describe supplies needed to create a corsage or boutonniere.
Describe corsage design mechanics and techniques.
Identify and describe styles of corsages and boutonnieres.
Discuss proper placement and pinning of corsages and boutonnieres.
¢ List of Resources. The following resources may be useful in teaching this lesson:
E-unit 030059: Designing Corsages and Boutonnieres. Danville, IL: CAERT,
Inc. www.mycaert.com
PowerPoint Presentation MDS 642: Floral Design 2: Principles and Practices.
Urbana: University of Illinois Information Technology and Communication
Services.
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¢ List of Equipment, Tools, Supplies, and Facilities
ü Writing surface
ü Overhead projector
ü Copies of sample test
ü Visuals from accompanying masters
ü Copies of student lab sheets
¢ Terms. The following terms are presented in this lesson (shown in bold italics):
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boutonniere
corsage
daisy-hook method
design mechanics
dip dyes
double-pierce method
finishing dips or sprays
floral glitter
floral spray
floral tape
floral tint
florist wire
gauges
hairpin method
nestled boutonniere
pierce method
ribbon
stem dyes
stitch method
tip spraying
tulle
wrap-around method
wrist corsages
¢ Interest Approach. Use an interest approach that will prepare the students for the
lesson. Teachers often develop approaches for their unique class and student situations. A
possible approach is included here.
Ask the students if they give their mothers corsages for Mother’s Day. Tell them
that you can help them save money next Mother’s Day. They will like that idea.
Then explain that, with a few supplies and a little bit of time, they can make
corsages for their mothers. You might use a football homecoming in the fall as
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an occasion to do this, explaining to the group that making and selling corsages
could be a way to raise funds.
SUMMARY OF CONTENT AND
TEACHING STRATEGIES
Objective 1: Identify and describe supplies needed to create a corsage or boutonniere.
Anticipated Problem: What supplies are needed to create a corsage or boutonniere?
I. A corsage is an arrangement of flowers worn as a fashion accessory by a girl or woman.
It consists of a single bloom or small group of blooms and is usually pinned to the dress,
jacket, or blouse or worn on the wrist. A boutonniere is a flower or a small grouping of
flowers attached to the left lapel of a boy’s or man’s jacket. Some floral supplies are
specifically intended for the manufacture of corsages and boutonnieres.
A. Floral tape is a tape made from paraffin-coated paper and is used to cover wires
and stems. The tape is not sticky until it is stretched. It comes in ½- and 1-inchwide sizes. Typically, the narrow size is used for corsage construction. Floral tape
comes in several colors, of which the most commonly used is dark green.
B. Florist wire is sold in 18-inch lengths and comes in a variety of gauges—
measurements of the diameter of the wire. The higher the number given a wire,
the smaller the diameter. Common sizes used in corsage construction are #26 for
bows, #24 for medium-weight flowers, and #22 for heavy flowers, such as roses.
C. Ribbon is available in a number of sizes. The higher the number given a ribbon,
the greater the width. In corsages, #3 ribbon is used. The most commonly used
ribbon finish is satin; others are cotton, silk, sheer, paper, and burlap.
D. Color changing supplies
1. Floral spray is an opaque paint that will cover any color of flower.
2. Floral tint is a translucent paint that will allow color from underneath to show
through.
3. Floral glitter gives flowers a metallic finish, creating a glimmering touch.
4. Steps for using floral sprays, tints, and glitters are as follows:
a. Find a well-ventilated area, and protect surfaces from the paint.
b. Shake the paint can thoroughly.
c. Test the paint flow on the lid of a box or on a piece of scrap cardboard.
d. Hold the nozzle approximately 12 inches from the flower.
e. Press the nozzle down in quick bursts while moving the can from side to
side.
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E.
F.
G.
H.
f. Let the sprayed material dry thoroughly.
g. Use a second application if needed, but avoid heavy layers of paint.
h. Before storing the paint, turn the can upside down and press the nozzle
until only air comes out. This helps to prevent clogging of the nozzle.
Tip spraying is a technique used to color only flower petal edges. Steps for tip
spraying are as follows:
1. Wire and tape the stem.
2. Place a corsage bag or paper towel around your hand.
3. Gather the bag around the flower head and hold the head tightly, exposing only
the edges of the petals.
4. Spray a light coat of paint.
5. Allow the flower to dry completely.
Stem dyes are color solutions transported through the xylem and into the petals.
Wholesalers will often provide this service before the flowers are shipped.
Dip dyes are semi-transparent; dyeing is achieved by dipping the head of the
flower into the color solution.
Other supplies
1. In the making of corsages or headpieces, small flowers are attached with glues
and adhesives. This is considered an advanced technique in the industry.
When glue is used, it is melted in a small pan or applied with a low-temperature glue gun. The advantage of glue over adhesive is that glue dries more
quickly.
2. Cotton balls are often used to extend the life of flowers in corsage work. A
moistened cotton ball is placed at the base of a flower stem before taping.
3. Miscellaneous items typically used include silk leaves, pearl sprays, rhinestones, chenille letters, butterflies, bees, and tulle. Tulle is a florist netting
that can add color, texture, and support to the corsage.
4. Packaging supplies are materials that will protect the corsage until it is to be
used. They include:
a. Finishing dips or sprays seal the stomata of the flowers, preventing any
further loss of water.
b. A misting bottle can be used to apply a fine mist into the bag in which the
corsage will be placed.
c. Corsage bags are made of plastic or cellophane and come in a variety of
sizes. They are used to prevent moisture loss and protect corsages from
temperature extremes.
d. A corsage pin likely has a pearl ball on the blunt end. A florist usually
provides a pin in the corsage and seals the bag with a second pin. The two
pins can be used for attaching the corsage.
e. Boxes are often made of cardboard but may also be made of clear plastic.
A box provides added protection from smashing or crushing the corsage.
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Begin the lesson with an interest approach. State the objectives of the lesson
and introduce the terms. Have the students read portions from a text related to
corsage and boutonniere construction. Lead a discussion on design materials.
While doing so, show the students the items. Require the students to take notes
during the discussion. Assign LS–A on stem dyeing. Demonstrate other
techniques, such as packaging and coloring, while going over the equipment.
Objective 2: Describe corsage design mechanics and techniques.
Anticipated Problem: What mechanics and techniques are used to create a corsage?
II. Design mechanics are employed to hold the components of a corsage together
securely. Good mechanics provide the foundation for floral design work. Proper wiring,
taping, and bow making are essential to creating the desired corsage.
A. Florist wire is used to replace the bulky flower stem. The stem is removed except
for approximately ¾ inch below the flower head. The following are common wiring
methods:
1. The pierce method involves placing a wire through the calyx and bending the
wire parallel to the stem. Taping is started at the calyx, covering the pierced
area. The length of the wire is taped. The pierce method is often used with carnations and roses.
2. The double-pierce method involves placing two wires through the calyx, one
at a 90-degree angle from the other and slightly lower, bending both wires parallel to the stem and taping from the calyx.
3. The daisy-hook method involves placing a wire up through the stem of the
flower head, forming a small hook with the wire about ¼ inch long, and slowly
pulling the hook back into the flower head until it disappears. Taping starts at
the stem and continues the length of the wire. This method is best for chrysanthemums and daisies.
4. The wrap-around method is used on a cluster of small flowers. It involves
placing half the wire parallel with the cluster of stems and wrapping the other
half around that wire. The taping begins wherever the wire begins.
5. The hairpin method is used on multi-flowered stems and is achieved by bending the wire into the shape of a hairpin and placing this “hairpin” through the
flower cluster where support is needed. The wire is pulled through until the
hairpin rests on the stem. Then, one part of the wire is gently wrapped around
the stem and the other part of the wire just below the lower florets or leaflets.
Taping is started at the site where the first part of the wire starts. This method
is used for freesia.
6. The stitch method is used with solid and wide leaves, such as salal and ivy. A
#24 wire is inserted from the back of a leaf, over the midrib, and back through
the leaf. The stitch should be a little bit past the halfway point of the leaf
length. The midrib should be at about the midpoint of the wire. The two ends
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of the wire are bent down. One end is wrapped around the petiole and the
other part of the wire. The visible wire is taped.
7. Other wiring techniques include the combination method, the non-piercing
method, and the use of manufactured stems.
B. Taping is done after the flowers have been wired. One reason for taping is to hide
the wiring mechanics. Also, floral tape is treated with wax that reduces water loss
and extends the life of the flowers. When taping, stretch the tape so that it
overlaps and the tape sticks to itself.
C. Most consumers feel a corsage is not complete until a bow is applied. Although a
bow is usually the final step, it is not always necessary. In boutonniere
construction, a bow is not added, although a small color-treated ribbon might be
used to commemorate an occasion. Techniques for making bows vary from
designer to designer.
Demonstrate the various design mechanics. Have the students practice their
skills by creating corsages in the classroom. Demonstrate how to make a bow.
Use LS–B, which demonstrates the twist method of bow construction. Invite a
professional floral designer to demonstrate wiring, taping, and techniques for
making bows.
Objective 3: Identify and describe styles of corsages and boutonnieres.
Anticipated Problem: How many different styles of corsages and boutonnieres are
there?
III. There are numerous styles of corsages and boutonnieres.
A. Multiple-flower corsages use a variety of flowers to create the floral pieces. The
most common are two-flower and five-flower corsages. The steps involved in
making a five-flower corsage are as follows:
1. Select five flowers that range from small buds to fully open flowers.
2. Remove the stems; then wire and tape the flower heads.
3. Add foliage and filler to each of the five flowers. Keep proportion in mind as
you apply these materials.
4. Place the corsage flowers by starting with the smallest flower at the top and
increasing the size as you work down. Zigzag from left to right as you work, filling in holes with foliage or filler flowers. Tape each flower into place as you
continue to work toward adding the fifth flower. The fourth and fifth flowers are
added at somewhat of a downward angle.
5. Position the bow in place and tape.
6. Add foliage to the back of the corsage if needed.
7. Determine and create the stem finish.
8. Before packaging the corsage, make sure that the back is flat enough to allow
the corsage to be worn correctly.
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B. Single-flower corsage construction uses a large flower, such as an orchid, to
create a corsage the size of a multi-flower corsage.
C. A wrist corsage is a lightweight corsage worn on the wrist instead of on clothing.
A wrist corsage can be attached in several ways. A plastic-latch type band or an
elastic band is most commonly used.
D. A single-flower boutonniere is the most common type of boutonniere in the
marketplace. It consists of a medium-sized flower, foliage, and filler. The steps
involved in making one are as follows:
1. Wire and tape the flower head.
2. Add filler by taping it to the stem.
3. Add foliage by placing it behind the flower and taping it into place.
4. Choose a stem finish.
E. A multi-flower boutonniere uses a variety of smaller flowers to create a
boutonniere sized in proportion to the single-flower style. The steps are the same
with the addition of positioning the various flower heads. The second and third
flowers are angled slightly forward.
F. Placing a small flower, such as a rosebud, in the center of a carnation to create a
special look produces a nestled boutonniere. The only additional step in this
style is placing a wired smaller flower down through the flower head of the larger
flower.
Demonstrate how to create specific types of corsages and boutonnieres. Give
the students an opportunity to make a corsage or boutonniere. As a fundraiser,
take orders for school dances or other events and have students fill the orders.
Use a multimedia presentation to reinforce the concepts discussed. Assign LS–C
and LS–D.
Objective 4: Discuss proper placement and pinning of corsages and boutonnieres.
Anticipated Problem: How should a corsage or boutonniere be properly worn?
IV. A corsage is worn on a girl’s or woman’s left shoulder. This practice has roots in the
Victorian Age, when flowers were placed over the heart of a loved one. The placement of
a boutonniere is different.
A. A corsage should be placed higher than a boutonniere and secured with two pins.
One pin is placed through the stem, and the other is placed higher, through the
flowers, to keep the corsage from shifting. There is less chance of the pins sticking
the person if the blunt ends are to the outside and the points are toward the
center of the body.
B. A wrist corsage is worn on a girl’s or woman’s left wrist. It should be made
relatively small so that it is comfortable for the person wearing it.
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C. A boutonniere is placed on a boy’s or man’s left lapel near the buttonhole. One
pin should be sufficient to secure it in place. The ball on the blunt end of a
boutonniere pin is generally black.
Have the students practice pinning their corsages after completing them in
class.
¢ Review/Summary. Use the student learning objectives as the basis for review and
summary. Have students explain the content associated with each objective. Use their
responses in determining which objectives and concepts need to be reviewed or taught
from a different angle. The anticipated problems can be used as student review questions.
¢ Application. Use the included visual masters and lab sheets to apply the information
presented in the lesson. The lab sheets are very valuable in helping students apply what is
taught. The steps, when repeated many times, will improve the quality of the corsage
constructed in the classroom and eventually on the job site. The skill of tinting and painting
flowers can be employed with other areas in this unit.
¢ Evaluation. Evaluation should be based on student comprehension of the learning
objectives. This can occur during instruction, review, or later as students apply the
information. The sample written test can also be used.
¢ Answers to Sample Test:
Part One: Matching
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
j
i
h
c
b
d
e
f
a
g
Part Two: Multiple Choice
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
c
a
b
a
d
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Part Three: Short Answer
Steps—Five-Flower Corsage
t Select five flowers that range from small buds to fully open flowers.
t Remove the stems; then wire and tape the flower heads.
t Add foliage and filler to each of the five flowers. Keep proportion in mind as you
apply these materials.
t Place the corsage flowers by starting with the smallest flower at the top and
increasing the size as you work down. Zigzag from left to right as you work, filling
in holes with foliage or filler flowers. Tape each flower into place as you continue
to work toward adding the fifth flower. The fourth and fifth flowers are added at
somewhat of a downward angle.
t Position the bow into place and tape.
t Add foliage to the back of the corsage if needed.
t Determine and create the stem finish.
t Before packaging the corsage, make sure that the back is flat enough to allow
the corsage to be worn correctly.
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Sample Test
Name ________________________________________
Designing Corsages and
Boutonnieres
u Part One: Matching
Instructions: Match the term with the correct definition.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
dip dyeing
floral sprays
floral tape
floral tints
florist wire
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
gauge
ribbon
tip spraying
tulle
nestled boutonniere
_____1. Placing a small flower, such as a rosebud, in the center of a carnation to create a
special look
_____2. A florist netting that can add color, texture, and support to the corsage
_____3. A technique used to color only the petal edges
_____4. A tape made from paraffin-coated paper used to cover wires and stems
_____5. Opaque paints that will cover any color of flower
_____6. Translucent paints that will allow color from underneath to show through
_____7. Used to support flowers in the construction of various floral designs
_____8. The size of florist wire
_____9. Semi-transparent and achieved by dipping the head of a flower into a color solution
____10. Various types sized as #3, #9, and #40
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u Part Two: Multiple Choice
Instructions: Write the letter of the correct answer.
_____1. Which wiring method involves placing a wire through the calyx and bending the wire
parallel to the stem?
a. daisy-hook method
b. hairpin method
c. pierce method
d. wrap-around method
_____2. Which wiring method involves placing a wire up through the stem of the flower head,
making a small hook about ¼ inch long, and slowly pulling the hook back into the
flower head until it disappears?
a. daisy-hook method
b. hairpin method
c. pierce method
d. wrap-around method
_____3. What is a flower or a small grouping of flowers attached to the left lapel of a boy’s or
man’s jacket?
a. bouquet
b. boutonniere
c. corsage
d. wrist corsage
_____4. What is made from paraffin-coated paper and is used to cover wires and stems?
a. floral tape
b. florist wire
c. ribbon
d. tulle
_____5. What size florist wire is typically used for bows?
a. #18
b. #20
c. #23
d. #26
u Part Three: Short Answer
Instructions: Complete the following.
Describe the steps involved in the construction of a five-flower corsage.
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VM–A
PIERCE WIRING METHOD
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VM–B
DOUBLE-PIERCE
WIRING METHOD
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VM–C
DAISY-HOOK WIRING METHOD
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VM–D
WRAP-AROUND WIRING METHOD
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VM–E
HAIRPIN WIRING METHOD
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VM–F
STITCH WIRING METHOD
Front side
Back side
Back side
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VM–G
TWO-FLOWER STANDARD
CARNATION CORSAGE
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VM–H
DIFFERENT STYLES OF
CORSAGES
Wedding Corsage
Holiday Corsage
Wrist Corsage
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VM–I
STEM FINISHES
A variety of stem finishes add style to corsages and
boutonnieres
Straight
Curled with Variations
Curled
Oval
Pig’s Tail
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Garden
LS–A
Name ________________________________________
Flower Dyeing
Materials
t flowers
t water
t coloring (dyes or food coloring will work)
t vase or container
Procedure
1. Mix the stem dye according to the instructions, using warm water for best results. If using
food coloring, make the solution fairly dark.
2. Use fresh flowers that have been dry for a while. For best results, bring the flowers to
room temperature before dyeing.
3. Remove the lower foliage and re-cut the stems. Immediately after re-cutting, place stems
in a vase or container full of the dye solution.
4. Allow 15 to 20 minutes to pass. The dye will be absorbed into the flower and will move
up the xylem.
5. Remove the flowers when the petals are colored. The longer they sit, the darker they will
become. Shorter-stem flowers should be removed once the desired color is achieved.
Longer-stem flowers can be removed once color is found in the petals.
6. Rinse and re-cut the stems and place the flowers in floral preservative water. These
flowers are then ready to be used.
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LS–B
Name ________________________________________
Bow Making
Materials
t #3 satin ribbon
t #26 gauge wire (9 inches long)
t scissors
Procedure
1. Decide whether to use the shiny or matte side of the ribbon.
2. Hold the ribbon with the dull side touching the thumb. Loop the ribbon over the thumb,
creating a small center loop, and hold it in place with your index finger and thumb.
3. Twist the ribbon to reveal the desired finish.
4. Make a loop of modest proportion 1½ feet long. Twist the ribbon to reveal the desired
side.
5. In the opposite direction of the last loop, create a loop of equal size. Twist to reveal the
desired side of the ribbon.
6. Continue making loops until three or four appear on each side of the center loop, twisting
the ribbon every time you come back to the center.
7. Create the streamer by placing a large loop on one side of the center and twisting the
ribbon before placing it between your finger and thumb.
8. Place the wire through the center loop and create a “U” shape toward the back side of
the bow. Twist the wire while pulling tightly to gather the ribbon securely into place. The
wire should not show.
9. Cut the streamer loops and create the desired end cut of those streamers (e.g., angle,
wedge).
10. Stage the bow by pulling the loops in opposite directions of each other, fanning the bow
out to create the desired look.
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LS–C
Name ________________________________________
Making a Single-Flower Corsage
Materials
t wire
t florist tape
t carnations
t leatherleaf
t ribbon for a bow
t filler flower—baby’s breath
Procedure
1. Wire and tape the flower head.
2. Add filler by taping it to the stem.
3. Add foliage by placing it behind the flower and taping it into place.
4. Choose a stem finish.
Score Sheet for Creating a Corsage
Item
Points Possible
Wiring Technique
5
Taping Technique
5
Adding Foliage
5
Adding Filler
5
Placement
5
Bow
5
Packaging
5
Wearing
5
Design Techniques
10
Total
50
Points Achieved
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LS–D
Name ________________________________________
Making a Multi-Flower Corsage
Materials
t wire
t florist tape
t mini carnations and chrysanthemums
t leatherleaf
t ribbon for a bow
t filler flower—baby’s breath
Procedure
1. Select five flowers that range from small buds to fully open flowers.
2. Remove the stems; then wire and tape the flower heads.
3. Add foliage and filler to each of the five flowers. Keep proportion in mind as you apply
these materials.
4. Place the corsage flowers by starting with the smallest flower at the top and increasing
the size as you work down. Zigzag from left to right as you work, filling in the holes with
foliage or filler flowers. Tape each flower into place as you continue to work toward
adding the fifth flower. The fourth and fifth flowers are added at somewhat of a downward
angle.
5. Position the bow into place and tape.
6. Add foliage to the back of the corsage if needed.
7. Determine and create the stem finish.
8. Before packaging the corsage, make sure that the back is flat enough to allow the
corsage to be worn correctly.
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Score Sheet for Creating a Corsage
Item
Points Possible
Wiring Technique
5
Taping Technique
5
Adding Foliage
5
Adding Filler
5
Placement
5
Bow
5
Packaging
5
Wearing
5
Design Techniques
10
Total
50
Points Achieved
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