1. home and garden

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S5T3
PREFACE
words
MANY
public.
the
to
not
are
it
I leave
in
necessary
introducing this
title itself will suggest
The
entirelyin
hands
the
of
work
its scope,
readers
of
judge
to
and
its
merits.
One
it will be
found
be
be
stated
absolute
as
an
in
the
got from
realise what
can
merit
reiteration,although
book, is the advice
The
dig deeply.
to
full dividend
cultivator
the
Only by
this
means
outlay of labour.
fact that
no
scientist and
It
no
is in the soil. Where-
there
power
thing
great
one
to
deep digging is properly practisedit invariablyproduces
ever
the
strictest
present
it
be
expended
No
soil that
become
is
for it needs
land.
improve
to
has
for
from
to
will bear
of
well
driven
which
lands
are
rich
in
intelligentlabour
them.
Nature
the
be
Those
properly cultivated
been
as
with great disfavour
requiresmerely plenty
exhausted,
everythingcomes
upon
results,such
finance.
unfertile
no
looked
are
and
fertility,
to
repeated here,
there
that
excellent
as
investigation
be
It may
home,
but
only good
not
to
soil is
to
thoroughly.
the
may
at
times
cultivate
dealingwith
can
I deem
many
and
dig deeply
in
which
matter
land,
works
so
in
a
has
ever
cycle, and
everythingmust
yet
as
return
Preface
it.
to
follow,
If
amateur
after
proud
business
Man's
assist
and
in
any
way
title
and
of
in
Nature
I
shall
gardeners,
pleasure
cultivating
in
or
her
then
I
encourage,
number
the
to
their
in
them
shall
to
methods.
added
helped
have
is
soil
infallible
have
profit,
the
take
to
F.
pursuit
myself
benefactor.
WILLIAM
of
ROWLES.
the
CONTENTS
CHAP.
PAGE
I.
II.
CHOOSING
SITE
THE
FORMATION
OF
A
II
GARDEN
VEGETABLE
21
.
.
III.
THE
CULTURE
OF
VEGETABLES
39
...
IV.
FORMATION
OF
FLOWER
A
GARDEN
V.
LIST
OF
FLOWERING
.62
PLANTS
.
.
VI.
ARRANGEMENT
OF
A
49
.
.
PLEASURE
.
66
GARDEN
.
VII.
ARRANGEMENT
OF
A
FRUIT
GARDEN
.
VIII.
IX.
VARIETIES
OF
MAKING
80
FRUIT
OF
MAKING
.
.
THE
.
MAKING
OF
.
BEDS
AND
XIII.
FORMING
BORDERS
GREENHOUSE
103
CONSTRUCTION
DRAINAGE
AND
IIO
.
.
WATER-SUPPLY
XVI.
HOW
RAISING
TO
BRING
LAND
STOCK
BY
UNDER
.119
.
.127
TILTH
PROPAGATION
.
XVII.
XVIII.
PURCHASING
PLANTING
.
.
,
XV.
,
-136
STOCK
AND
99
.
ROCKERY
A
.
XIV.
91
.
.
XII.
.
LAWN
A
.
XI.
83
PATHS
.
X.
75
.
145
BEDDING
.
vii
.
.
.149
Contents
CHAP.
XIX.
XX.
SUPPLY
OF
ROTATION
OF
XXI.
ERADICATION
XXII.
PROTECTION
XXIII.
TRAINING,
XXIV.
CARE
XXV.
A
OF
GARDEN
CROPS
OF
FOR
.
WEEDS
THE
PRUNING,
A
158
ETC
TOOLS,
.163
.
.
.
.
.165
.
.
.169
CROPS.
ETC.
.
.
.
.'.
.
.176
183
GREENHOUSE
19
CALENDAR
Viii
1
LIST
OF
ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
SECTION
OF
GOOD
BAD
AND
PATHS
WALL
BRICK
A
ARRANGEMENT
IRREGULAR
FOR
23
ARRANGEMENT
.
.
30
.
.
31
GROUND
SHAPED
FRUIT
OF
PATHS
OF
TREES
35
....
DESIGNS
FLOWER
FOR
BEDS
.
PLAN
Box
OF
GRAVEL
AND
GRASS
.
.
.
.
.
,
BORDERS
.
.
....
BORDER
.
.
-54
.
.
PATHS
AND
STRAIGHT
WITH
55
PATH
56
....
PILLARS
PERGOLAS
AND
PLANS
ROSE
OF
57
GARDENS
.
.
MAKING
.
59,
.
TERRACE
A
ARRANGEMENT
SHRUBS
.69
.
.
.
.
PATHS
....
.
.
.
.
.
GARDEN
ROCK
60
68
OF
.
51
52
.
PLOT
.
50,
.
"
.
THE
.
.
.
.
-73
.
.
71
FRUIT
76
VEGETABLES
AND
.
...
MIXED
FRUIT.
.
.
.
.
.
-77
81
GARDEN
VILLA
WINDING
To
^
.
LEVELLING
DESIGNS
89
WALKS
MAKE
TENNIS
84
WALKS
A
COURTS
FOR
LAWN
93
AND
FLOWER
LAWN
CROQUET
97
...
BEDS
100
.
.
of
List
Illustrations
PAGE
How
MAKE
TO
A
ROCKERY
105-107
....
GREENHOUSES
in
PLANS
GREENHOUSE
OF
DISTRIBUTION
FOR
DRAINING
PLAN
FOR
DIGGING
TRENCH
A
BUD
PIPES
OF
PLAN
A
114
116
LAND
121
GROUND
129
CUTTINGS
FOR
142
CUTTING
142
GROWN
TREES
METHOD
OF
IN
ORCHARD
AN
PLANTING
PLANS
OF
CARPET
PLANS
OF
SUMMER
.
.
.
.
154
BEDDING
"
.
GROUPING
OF
A
-152
BEDDING
.
.
.
155
-156
.
SHAPING
.
TREES
.
PLAN
.152
.
TREE
"
.
.
.
177,
178
How
"
make
to
manage
Garden
a
CHAPTER
I
CHOOSING
title
THE
into
go
a
would
but
detailed
the
of
which
the
useful,
rather
to
point
to
making
the
govern
intention
plants rendering
many
but
whole
the
author's
the
not
of
and
laws
general
it is
include
to
seem
culture
ornamental
garden
the
book
gardening,
of
range
this
of
SITE
THE
and
out
ment
manage-
garden.
a
Locality.
are
undoubtedly
wish
the
to
start
on
the
which
are
not
The
of
the
fully
governed
laws
country
which
might
by
are
an
may
bring
but
of
their
govern
rules
in
overwhelming
lead
failure
to
in
and
economy,
for
Unfortunately
no
there
as
possession,
and
actuate
stated.
there
take
principles
should
knowledge,
of
imparter
be
to
advanced
which
garden,
a
own
intend
who
most
better
had
already
others
considerations
choice
part
will
readers
Many
gardening
of
mass
success
another
the
in
;
ceptions.
ex-
one
which
How
to
plainlyshows
that
localities with
joiner may
same
unerring exactitude
erect
if it
as
way
adhere
cannot
the
for
grow
grapes
self-same
modification
and
;
fields could
preciselythe
methods.
same
plants, that
on
what
much
requirements with
of horticulture
into
devotees
with
the
intense
its
richlyprized. Something
have
been
take
to
a
who
man
have
to
themselves
unto
felt that
reported
advised
flowers
so
fickleness
in
alluringits
success
even
of this resemblance
gardeners
loved
not
The
making
W.
fluence
in-
fit in those
to
advantages
perceived by Councillor
is
best
many
know,
to
how
so
by
baneful
helpful or
and
interest,
more
who
where
out
in fact
are
governing elements.
possibly has
an
suffice without
not
it is necessary
plant requires,as
the
with.
Cornwall,
and
pointed
There
governing factors, operating
two
successfullycultivated
be
not
has
grapple
Devon
the
districts
but
to
A
but
both
in
be
could
cases
trades.
Edinburgh,
will
knowledge
for all
preciselythe
in
programme,
adjoiningcounties,
two
horticultural
adjoining
for Penzance
widely different problems
in the
same
in other
as
intended
to
the
to
separate and
Even
were
wishes
who
gardener
wardrobe
a
laid down
be
principlecan
no
Garden
a
manage
must
Coutts, of
deen,
Aber-
unmarried
ladies
husbands, for "he
as
would
surely love
his
wife."
If the
is able
amateur
that choice
and
desires,he
is
should
self-examination
incline
his
to, and
efforts in
prove
as
to
be
to
subject himself
to
successful.
his choice
governed solelyby
what
he will then
that
make
feature
the
of
his
to
a
of
gardening
more
gardening
of
are
minute
his tastes
easilydiscover
particulardirection
If, for instance, he
process
locality,
most
is attracted
where
likelyto
by
the
Choosing the
beauty of
hot-house
it
speciality,
be
higher in
the
that
towards
advised
failure
for if direct
be
by
is
environment
choose
the
easy
light as
character
of the
site,then,
of
success,
"
few words
their
under
rendered
ill-
smoke-laden
district ;
his
specimens
struggle for
a
climatic
adverse
an
and
renderingthe
each
is
course,
as
ditions,
con-
quality and
shelter,and
of the
of these
expenses
the
the
size
enced
largelyinflu-
intendingsettler.
headingsmay
carefullyconsidered,
more
the
tastes
making
to
climatic
the
large towns,
latter,of
and
regard
consider
to
soil,the aspect and
means
being
be
then
all due
of
which
holding
the
to
again, may
tastes,
with
have
proximity
of the
by
owing
one,
outcome,
and
conifer
a
we
possible,
the
warm
he would
a
a
reallya heart-rendingscene.
a
path
in
them
productionwould
and
attractive,
means
no
a
His
the
not
were
between
supremacy
To
fuel.
attempt their culture
to
would
in
in
make
to
of
cost
and
conifers,
of
love
a
the
district than
largerrequirement
tend
to
cold
a
desires
plants,and
is evident
Site
A
perhaps lead
ment
disappoint-
and
unlikely.
more
Environment.
We
hear
and
writers
for
has
been
penned
a
of
literarydivertisement
mentioned
admitted,
the
of the powers
nowadays
much
so
findingit
of
much
taking different points
seeking
moulded
so
man's
in this book.
actions
by environment,
plant;
for
no
how
much
how
matter
13
the
on
view, that
will
more
subject by
the
perhaps
If,as is
governed
are
ment,
of environ-
and
reader
weary
of
generally
now
his character
so
strong the
must
be that
heredity of
How
the
to
plant, it
cannot
discard
To
practicalside
a
of the
all readers
the
force
faintest
of
Manchester
shrubs
The
seldom
are
is
some
is
a
make
no
matter
injuriousto
matters
soot.
teaches
were
far
By
us,
the
the
bility
plausi-
better
plained
ex-
and
trees
sturdier
dendron
rhodo-
figured
painfullydis-
are
plant
during
deposited
this
that
a
we
black
wending
but
sickeningsight,
All
plants dread
unchecked
headway
life than
on
a
infer,and
manufacture
by
at
or
the
one
which
and
resent
give
or
on
the
by
many
square
whilst
the
up
rubbish
to
be
surroundingsof
Sir William
Chelsea
six
Thistleton
of solid
tons
mile, and
their chemical
experience of
and
14
its sooty
prevalenceof
all
at
into oblivion
fog
smoke
largelyto blame;
are
injuriousin
more
it
see
experimentsmade
that
thick
district is said
Manchester
London, and
the
the
and
authorities
local
The
'Dyershow
have
Coniferous
laurel
treatment, for the
and slowly retire
struggle,
more
admit
even
watch
chimney,
garden
plantscan
heap.
all who
is,however,
ideal.
powerfullyreal.
too
our
haps
Per-
great prevalence of solid deposits of all
a
this unnatural
which
the
as
descriptionthe surroundingsof
whilst
seen,
the
towards
only
of any
impurities. To
issuing from
way
beauty of
opportunityfor observing
matter
accommodating
the
by
of
the
to
lengthened.
life must
anything but
are
and
sorts
turn
that the
is
roundings.
sur-
illustration.
plant culture
For
had
plant
of the argument.
by
know
great truth, though
knowledge
adverse
things being equal) increases
will have
this
of
in
philosophicaland
manufacturingtowns
from
not
the
question,we
garden (allother
distance
luxuriate
and
grow
Garden
a
manage
successful
included
action
the
than
results
gardening
the
Choosing
must, in the present
separated by
of
state
laws
our
miles.
many
Site
methods, be
our
district of
the
In
and
Edinburgh,
which, happily for gardeners,boasts
of few
of the
plants grow well,as
stroll
coniferous
dirt-depositing
type,
the
through
testify. Not
little also
a
in Princes
gardens
Gardens
Botanic
Royal
beauty
of the
Street
is due
manufactories
will
abundantly
of the world-famed
this favourable
to
a
of
state
affairs.
There
the
to
is also
be
to
This
coast.
and
the
Coast,
East
animal
or
inland
by
a
has
advice
were
the
fairlynear
to
be considered
to
wind
plant ;
and
the
advantages
yet
a
few
individual
soft
sea
working
transit of
small
to
to
to
this
British
before
the
good
procure
price.
reasonable
with
of the establishment
in the
distress,it had
land
the
station
surplusstock
can
be
to
the
of
some
be decided
is the
be
better
the
on
a
known
fact well known
cult
diffi-
most
and
The
fertility.
the
to
be
at
cost
of
greater the
a
afflicted
sedulously avoided
manure
the
facilities for
that it is often
localityis
its
by
brought
in sufficient quantityand
less will be
required material, and
Another
country,
requiresample
it will part with
is
the welfare
It is
"c.
manure
If the
posure
Ex-
important with regard to
tools,stock, manure,
growers
off.
requireto be enlarged on.
not
What, however, is stillmore
economic
be,
relished
not
which
spray
is inimical
tastes, will
tages,
disadvan-
miles
quarter is
plants. This, however, being a question
by
and
bleakness, especiallyon
which
from
question of proximity
it would
given explicitly,
means
strong wind
a
be
coast, but
often
sea
its
both
to
the
; for
thorough tillage
then,
nearer,
carriage of
ease
with
to
any
which
disposed of.
point meriting
much
attention
is the
quantity
How
and
to
character
of the
time
much
grow
abundant
In many
land
water-supply.
but
is, nevertheless, much
supporting in
goes
to
the
the local authorities
that
the
stream
will
the
be
obtain
difficulty.As, however,
be
fullydealt
the
with
choosing
method
mind
the
the
of the
heavy
requirestwice
state
a
on
of
lightsoil
is
the
no
item
of
spondence,
corre-
good
a
a
with
ram
the
simply point to
in
calculations
the
Unless
loom
labour
the
of
amount
cropping
To
a
to
would
exaggeration.The
breaking up
those
who
a
of
digging
is of
a
have
soil
into
necessary
errs
but
that
heavy
bring it
be
site,is
advise
assertion
clay soil,and
16
that
say
labour
that
Only
time
not
certainly
chosen.
still more
choosing
person
should
the side of mildness.
the work
If
dealing
perhaps
of the
soil.
soil be
suitable for
of
them, the
on
trenching is intenselyenjoyed, and
very
distance,or
a
SoU.
should
secondary importance, I
a
owner
site.
a
largelybefore
and
the
volume
chapter,we
in another
factor,which
character
self-
question of water-supplywill
the
The
Another
from
water
necessityof including this
whilst
unless
be
there
hand, the installation of
at
near
but
made
site will remain.
the
effective
most
be
duty reallydevolves
on
could
water
cannot
find,after the usual
of gardening
difficulty
running
which
would
water-supply.
outlayforthcoming;
of water, and
to
the present
at
the
that
add
to
land
matter
great expense
be
true
the necessary
procured were
shortagein
for
it is but
cases
is
There
parts of the country which
in various
crops
Garden
a
manage
a
for
rather
performed
forcingit to yield
the
Choosing
the
to
plant
abundance
an
appreciatethe enormity
of
odds
seeing a
is
the
remarks
My
incline
to
the
is further
Nothing
emphasise
to
not
fullyacquainted
are
inclined,through
a
them
choose
to
in
want
of
to
considerablydiminished.
a
land, when
with
a
strong
soil, I
am
returned
matter
without
treat
him
accuse
which
At
but
has
which
properly?
on
useful
it some
will in
due
quitesix
between
no
years, the
17
of
the
manure
tiller has
A
waste
for years
do
I
the
not
ledge
know-
always within
view
grace
the
all
the necessary
not
can
animal
rub.
the
specimens
course
notwithstandingthat
there for
I
moment
choose
But, would
culpable ignorance,for
the present
error
richlyendowed
manures.
There's
for
heaviness.
more
is
the land
should
splendid crops
practicaldemonstration
and
grasp.
of
of animal
tillage
is far better
thoroughly tilled,and
it,will grow
to
it
if
and
creased
inthose
as
of
possibility
towards
is
I
one.
an
treat
midway
rather
fullyaware,
the addition
amateur
of
leaning
plant food,
with
means
Personally I
was
that
successful
good culture,it
the
fection.
per-
ideal
an
knowledge, to
possible,that
of
wish, however,
I
of
cost
lightsoil,where
a
is
which
think
labour, and
and
the
ideal
to
soil
heavy
a
time
is
extremes,
opinion.
my
with
opposed
manner
with
their
readers
ability,
the
once
light soil
a
fact that
expenditure
in
that
from
the
at
towards
lead
not
belief
ever,
reward, how-
gained against fearful
crop
strive
should
The
thoroughly
patient perseverance
the
will
task.
it reflects
highly prized,for
workmen
nutrition,can
the
of
splendid
and
intelligence,
British
of
Site
plot of
a
his
land
vegetables,some
exhibition
has
gained
table ;
been
put
prizes
many
B
Choosing the
hardly expect
can
we
obtain
south,
the
make
a
difference
a
the
and
could
the
best
The
in
gardening
general
the
south, with sufficient shelter,
the east.
The
to
be said to
of shelter may
there
leave
hill
our
round
adverse
garden, and
small
a
winds, but
morning
will often
sunshine.
keep
will not
likewise
quickest in growth,but
best.
What
appearances,
spruce
some
slow
found
off,so that their shadow
of other
take
subjects.
It
considered
in
growth.
useful
will not
will,of
the
the
of the
the
shadow
is about
the
it is not
the
the
best
holly;
common
Where
for
the
garden
is
required,larch,poplar,
if
planted
be
distance
some
interfere with
course,
19
only
good hedge
a
wind, and
is
rarity,
poplars
or
amount
garden
we
obviously
not
away
privet hedge
higher shelter
will be
as
general purposes
usefulness,and
wood
this respect likewise
small
A
kind
for
necessity
a
larches
probably be
may
but it is likewise very
largeand
for
a
such
a
great.
too
winds, or
becomes
off sufficient of the
be
so
considerable
a
In
is
it would
thus
the spot,
Nature
place,for
tall trees
for.
sought
adverse
In
the size of the
plant
to
off the
shelter.
be
where
them, it often
own
to consider
unwise
keep
to
As, however, this
make
practically
instances
few
are
a
make
to
and
for
sun
it should
approach
break
effectively
is
the north.
to
the
that
to
cast
of
easilyprocured,it is evident
to
best
rays
the
often
as
be
plant casts
positionis not
as
have
each
and
amount
us
slopefrom
a
north
nearest
and
would
the
from
especially
ideal
receives
obtained
be
in that
slope is
gentleslope towards
a
which
south, whilst
growth
each
the
obliquelywhen
positionthat
the
to
that
to
south, though less noticeable,does
to
longer shadow,
more
is
the
to
or
equal
success
the exposure
were
Site
the
growth
generallyadmitted
How
that where
of
to
putting any
look
is
up
it is decided
before
kind
shelter of any
ahead
well
probably,owing
that
to
arrangements
the
to
likelythat,when
the
you
quit the holding,you
insufficiently
recompensed
labour.
We
they stand
have
; and
landowner, which
on
either
for
unfortunatelyto
obviouslythey are
makes
a
20
should
it is
quite
will find yourself
land
our
largelyin
real agreement,
side,a moral
cumstance
cir-
expenditureand
the
take
at
to
previous
Unless
arrived
are
and
will
other
or
remark
fruit-trees.
landlord
ingoer;
it is better
lease
This
you.
expense
plant what
not
of your
plantingof
with
the
to
do
you
terms
be of little use
apply also
saved
plant shelter trees,
see
the
to
already exists,the
thereby
to
and
Garden
a
manage
laws
favour
free from
impossibility.
as
of the
pulsion
com-
CHAPTER
FORMATION
OF
would
particular,
his
cultivating
under
the
fact
to
the
knowledge
of
; in
those
area
well
bounded
to
as
in
area,
advantages
within
good
tunity
opporblind
be
be
wakened
both
them,
from
their
spend
to
food
wholesome
the
to
view,
is
for
Chief
the
support
shelter.
Since
walls
fowls, "c., is thereby
devote
who
it will
be
an
can
from
advantages
that
assured,
safety
a
good
speaking
am
to
two
or
boast
the
are
breaking
the
acre
of
also
tables,
vege-
only
of
a
me
to
allude
for
necessary
derived
are
I
vegetable
a
these
among
small, and
those
The
that
necessary
and
to
be
to
walls.
by
for
afford
can
yards
the
of
that
great
cannot
for
of
remains
A
need
tagers
cot-
means
have
we
better
point
enclosed.
word,
a
who
as
to
be
of, cattle, large
wind
few
it ; for
be
health
it
reasons
should
exclusion
a
fact
who
and
the
be.
cottagers
our
raising good
several
garden
to
in
a
sad
those
it would
from
had
The
by
general,
families.
For
the
and
hours
their
that
in
it cannot
of
many
Boundary.
workman
neglect
yet
GARDEN
country
if every
done
so,
that
pecuniary
spare
be
doing
to
a
the
circumstances
however,
of
of
vegetables.
own
present
could,
benefit
greatly
in
VEGETABLE
A
Question
The
IT
II
plot
enclosing
the
allotted
having
the
ground
of
from
shelter
cattle, rabbits,
is
obtained,
How
to
pryingindividuals
of the
is
impassablebarrier
exclusiveness
of sufficient
that
Small
height and
walls
low
trees
rose
of
walls
six feet
the
the
standard
should
be made
to be
; and
less than
for the
in any
feet.
ten
and
tomatoes
serviceable
more
Even
If
be
garden
at
of
solidity
Whether
not
must
be well
feet.
the
for
over,
walls
stone
facilitiesfor
nailing.
used, to
It is
attach
wire
to
the
walls
thereon
At
trees.
as
were
we
can
and
often
built and
see
now
fires made
peaches, nectarines,"c.
22
to
in
to
are
present
offer greater
where
stone
galvanised
have
read
we
they
walls
the walls ; and
is known
walls
but
They
on.
time, as
one
away,
brick
brick
generallynecessary,
vicinityof large towns
books, and
or
pointed ;
well
trainingfruit-trees
the first
or
crumble
to
cause
be
to
put up walls
To
face,are, if anything,
warmer,
even
on
is also
There
will blow
have
will fix
small, we
too
masonry.
up, and
be great
would
cost
made
advantage
the
pointed. Certainly,however,
better
wire in the
we
be
much, if they are
matter
are
crack
the
be
can
greatlyto
may
ten
walls
the
as
give
for fruit-trees to
chance
no
feet it would
32" will
does
effect
fruit-trees
growing
for
the first September wind
is useless.
grow
afford
height
the
fall below
hollow
good
is in them.
size of the
considered
more
be
not
trained thereon, but
and
walls
high
ten
of the trees
much
built,it
of little use
are
that
higher than
which
many
peaches,"rc.
apples,pears, plums, apricots,
best
the
wind, the
of the
force
solid
sufficiently
be
may
but
on,
crops
a
wall is to be
a
useful for fruit-trees should
way
us
the
placed to
restrained,an
are
the walls.
on
Presuming
meddling type
place is secured, and
of the
be grown
may
Garden
a
manage
a
bad
in the
old
large gardens,
heat
I doubt
them,
if
to
they are
Formation
ever
ot
employed
so
Solid walls
The
should
for
but
superfluous,
so,
where
near
a
would
I
can
for there
cases
it
half feet below
assure
is
which
so
of
half
should
The
guiltyof
the
or
to
economy,
for all crops, but
necessary
twenty
be
not
less than
in
shown
feet apart.
be
so
where, for
either
some
In
wise
penny-
the
compel
rain
on
keep
as
to
sloping one
reason,
ten
and
the
piersabout
coping will
the wet,
out
to
obviate
the
way
outer
23
as
considerable
of
sort
to
formed
a
have
to
Some
necessary
of the
be
"
Fig.i.
graduallydiminish
wall it is better
also be found
It may
tion.
founda-
a
twice the width
be
should
wall,and should
dripping
a
brick and
one
built in the form
should
for
and
more
inches;
length of
Two
it
for fruit-trees.
in the illustration.
shown
and
rightdepth
that
thoroughness of cultivation
foundations
of the
dig deeply
to
sink.
or
thick, that is fourteen
be
is
certainly
observation
own
crime
seem
may
that it
wall, also, of the given height of
feet should
a
be
it less is to
that
so
especially
A
is the
tilth will not
simple reason
very
quicklytopple over
pound-foolish" species
forgoingof
a
on
trenching
advice
my
as
upon
ground
of
good
readers
under
come
the surface
have
obsolete.
the
Such
my
this for the
it to
To
into
wall.
looked
was
and
that the amount
the
have
wall, and
cause
deep
bringing the garden
of
imperilthe stability
not
be
they are built firm, so
necessary
has become
custom
required.
foundations
which
The
now.
now
are
VegetableGarden
a
i.
"
Section
of brick
wall.
A"
Earth
line.
both ways.
In
fruit-trees.
or
FlG.
the
side
of the
wall
cases
is
not
How
to
for fruit
used
all towards
slope
should
should
sometimes
are
bricks.
and
away
in
are
wall
bricks
the
becomes
the
of
power
abode
mischief
mortals
of
course
wears
in
and
course
is
case,
where
The
jerry-builder's
type
the
of
be
It should
good substantial
that
could
mortar
are
well-nighbeyond
nailingwill give it
of
amount
the
once
in this
used, for it will be especially
necessary
mortar
long
pests which
them.
erection
right as
they will
insect
eradicate
to
the
Hollow
mortar
begins;
those
The
that
so
the
when
loose,as
of
all
the life of the trees, it is
the
during
seen
become
are
great saving in
a
be
may
sides
unduly.
being
as
they
that the
the
to
prejudicial
so
advised
the
them.
inches
suffer
to
good repair,but
time, it is then
of
made
is true, and
That
they
as
be
not
between
quite three
have
to
both
when
divided
be
projectout
fruit-trees will
walls
side, but
that
used, the burden
coping
trees, it is far better
other
or
Garden
a
manage
a
trial.
sore
here
not
be
tolerated.
information
The
of
garden walls
be his
to
one
here
is
not
in the work.
them.
If
a
of
to
turn
Board
as
to
a
inducing every
now
dealt
boundary for
a
some
to
avoid
in
length with
kitchen
he perceive
building,
duced.
considerablyre-
taken
be
knows
person
builder be
were
would
at
a
impart an
to
readilywill
will the
vigilant
more
jerry builders
Having
of walls
of
more
more
interest
intelligent
more
number
hope
The
of building,
the
principles
flaws,and the
the
offered in the
to the construction
builder,but rather in order
own
interest
intelligent
of the
given relative
the
subject
garden, it behoves
us
others.
fences
or
wooden
railingsare
dividingthe vegetablegarden
24
from
sometimes
other
used
parts, but
for
they
of
Formation
do
equal walls
not
their
if
do
board
a
solidity
but
and
uses,
in
generalutility.They have, however,
properly treated
To
should
be sunk
deep
apart.
Cross
pieces
made
into the
be under
to
them
served
by having them
also be
and
from
rotting,or
paintedany
fences, but
they
desired
for
coveringthem,
subjectsthey
form
garden.
of
of
and
being less
doubt
useful
that
mentioned
close
as
to
cases
the
to
are
be
fence, if there
able
suit-
are
with
trailing
pleasingfeature
in themselves
them.
on
cattle.
it would
well.
succeed
to
very
a
these
on
they
less
have
In
be
On
out
with-
The
piecesneed
kept
back.
be
of
on
than
them
the
last-
two
anything
grow
the
also
Common
to recommend
stock
the
rusticity
may
of
impossibleto
were
advantage
dis-
the
wind-break.
each
sightly
un-
other
side,
surelybe damaged.
it would
There
back
tried
is
course
and
certainly
preferable,
have nothing further
railings
they keep
a
appearance
be pretty close if rabbits
iron
or
bark
be
fences, but
sacrificing
strengthan
latter
well covered
when
cheapness they are
given by leavingthe
This
lead,
red
good
with
may
railingsare
board
portion should
other
over
be
may
climbers,however,
without
Wood
bare
than
to
The
usually found
not
are
used, as it
be
purpose
same
Fruit-trees
distances
parts which
those
colour.
miscellaneous
and
trees
score
the
posts
these, and
to
should
tar
charred.
certainlypreferable.
of the
For
tarred,or firstof all coated
then
Rose
fixed.
ground plenty of
keeps
nailed
turn
wall,
a
considerable
a
at certain
ground
in
are
to
substantial,thick
somewhat
upright boarding is
then
will last for
they
general
For
contempt.
hardly be compared
can
time.
are
deserve
not
fence
be
VegetableGarden
a
are
other
means
of
25
fencingopen
to
us
which,
of
Formation
until
way
induced
the
crumple
About
essential.
be
hedge, as
to
appear
this
be
to
some
is
case
after the
a
not
this
to
is
planting,
it,should
This
may
but
progress,
of
hedge
a
be
only
can
a
This
the soil.
essential
and
impenetrability,
in
of
backward
chief
Plant
call
to
from
speciesof
the
time
venture
six inches
ones
soil firm.
the
now
recognisethat
must
we
even
to within
back
cut
will
we
older
taking care
apart,
make
six months
the
functions.
six inches
roots, and
and
out
their proper
about
at
thrown
are
perform
to
line
straight
the
roots
new
VegetableGarden
a
in
gained
by encouraginga strong, vigorous,and
multipliedgrowth
from
see
the bottom.
roadsides
are
a
The
hedges
many
of this
sad evidence
quicklya large high hedge
bottom.
and
the
Give
then
you
second
foot, and
a
retain
about
onward
longer,but
the
the
neat
are
appearance.
what
matter
is much
its
it is
a
great
waste
of
way
barbarous
applied to
of much
the
be
method
shears.
hideous
is.to be
custom,
time, which
valuable
for
cutting it
take
in
hedge
a
to
the
preserve
hedge,
burnt, and
use
to
forming
It may
in the
and
no
the
table
vegenots
what-
for
discouraged,
besides
could
production of vegetablesand
27
one
allowed
of
; and
to
For
year.
for
During
making topnots
at
topiarywork
and
away
sparse
back
cut
be
a
beginning,
is necessary
composition, should
procure
upon.
trimmings from
garden. Any attempt
in the
the
neater
stored
resultingcarefully
ashes
be
no
discussingit
The
the
in
build
each
clippingwith
work
positionwe
is
country
our
of
expense
it should
foot
one
clean, shapely hedge there
that of
to
should
hedge
that time
better than
a
something
the
year
from
and
grow
have
by
impatience to
foundation
thorough
a
the
at
we
being
be
a
better
flowers.
It
How
is also
to
successfully.When
the
it
rarelyis
work, and
difficult
a
Garden
a
manage
attained
has
hedge
to
does
exist when
not
fence
is this
There
the
will of
which
roots
be
of this it is
view
The
length, but
having
as
think, be
and
of the
plot,for
paths six
small
the
and
the
small
a
one,
a
small
and
wide
eightfeet
"c. ; for
he
can
garden
where
wheelbarrow
a
are
cart
would
in
an
land
does
not
to
of half
an
necessitybe
is
with
in
be
than
those
required in
in the former.
28
will not,
of
size
the
lay down
acre.
In
reduced
to
the
sary
neces-
For
to
puttingdown
cabbages. Moreover,
would
fare
wel-
the
extremely valuable
believe
obviouslyless
do
unwise
gettingabout
great
number
The
area
of
good
grow
at
afforded
depends solely on
must
for
holder, who
Walks.
treated
been
obviouslybe
necessary
gravelwhere
of
it would
plot the pathway
manure,
and
unnecessary.
size of them
minimum
the
has
it
will be robbed.
important bearing on
an
considered
paths
a
the crops
In
path,where
the
next
poverishe
im-
immediately
walk
a
within, the information
of the crops
I
have
to
boundaries
the flowers
feeders.
gross
of Paths
Arrangement
subject of
are
border,
the
become
likelyto
border
the
extremelyimprobablethat
The
rule
a
usuallybetter
againstthe hedge, and
is
as
immediately
towards
are
wooden
or
and
cultivated,
therein
hedges
wall
a
be
course
hedge, which
a
border
a
to make
better
vegetablescontained
for
have
to
apt
are
course
is
boundary
the
viz.,it is inadvisable
"
againstit,as
or
disadvantage in
sufficient
a
of
or
protectingfence, may
height the railings,
removed.
performed
seen
needs
the
of
a
large
the latter
any
case
garden
up
of
Formation
to
an
feet will be
paths four
acre
and
purposes,
in many
for laid down
There
many
and
crossed
laid
down,
here
or
contended,
but
and
any
anything,paths
are
always to
merely as
with
that
the
the
the
operations among
of
in
the
could
clinkers,ashes,"c.,
here
not
be
whether
much
for
the
in
divorced
by
and
be, regarded as
into
up
space
is
longer
number
a
to
of
a
paths, which
great
of
waste
put in than
plantsin
a
each
asset, and
besides
one
on
of
will
paths,
the
be
mark
many
not
case
is identical.
ones,
should
be
short
long
plots,
together.
great
a
well
wise
off like-
is,or
land
being
87.
page
of the
we
few
29
of the
cannot
should
time, for
gravel
path
a
be dealt with
will therefore
valuable
of
arrangement
the
when
the
of
very
vegetablegardens,is
paths
previouslypointed out,
has been
time
a
plots
be
formation
treated
the
the
layingout
of
They
the other.
cut
of
from
treatment
act
for
or
will be found
arrangement
the very
the
would
be made
making
The
pleasuregrounds
at
path
a
said
of small
fewer, and
given in detail,for
the same,
Now,
hand.
on
is intended
good paths
be done
were
crops
count
hardly be
cases
;
laid down
outlay would
or
perhaps be procured locally,
may
As
that
of the labour
most
it can
profit,
; but
revenue
working
garden which
layingdown
certainlyof opinion
small, for
for
will be
be denied
good gravelwell
In the
piece of ground
a
accuracy
am
for
of
be advised.
affect
beneficially
I
formed
of
out
gravel
no
paths, it
comfort
and
appearances
is laid
with
this cannot
and
will be
be the minimum.
Such
edging.
proper
for
should
by paths,but
there
for all
feet of width
plot of ground
a
their purpose,
serve
wherever
paths this
where
cases
wide
sufficiently
three
cases
ample, but
are
VegetableGarden
a
even
Any
unduly
waste
rows
when
one
of
take
the
who
How
is
to
rash
so
a
this may
possible,except
Whenever
of
case
doubt
to
as
having a hedge
border under
the wall.
In
A
having a
border
for the
in this way,
fruit trees
for
Bad
C"
the
to
only
it is
B"
D"
Tools.
Plots.
D"
B"
Water.
vegetablesand
dimensions
each
the
out.
careful
which
be
conveyed
study
are
of
of the
By
room
of this
3.
and
be
some
committed
rightand
the
shown
3, than
in words.
Borders.
F"
can
Walls.
be
more
of the said
subdivision
will be
of
procured
in the accompanying
could
I would
with
will be
sufficient
recommend
examples
the wrong
3"
Tools.
border
a
information
More
C"
walls,a path four feet
commences
these, and
likelyto
comparison
four
the arrangements
illustrations,
Figs.2
clearness
of the
Then
patchesremaining.
by glancingat
feet.
also get protection
the earliest
Having arranged for
is marked
four
thirty
be
to
Path.
E"
easilyproduced.
wide
only
borders
FIG.
A"
Border.
along
be
Right arrangement.
Path.
class that the best
should
afford root
on
Paths.
2.
the
ten
walls,but
arrangement.
Plots.
A"
trained
earlyvegetables;for
FIG.
it
known
not
we
in
this is
width, however, is
useful
very
there
cases
some
feet,whilst in large gardens I have
feet wide.
mentioned
boundary,
a
for himself.
experiment
before
as
for
Garden
a
manage
of
mistakes
gleaned
methods
a
from
a
of arrange-
of
Formation
Particular
ment.
laying out
shown
of the
to a
that
is called
in
where
Fig.4,
in any
is followed
in
and
a
it does
of its sides.
thereby be rendered
Wrong
such
straightpath
another
these.
the
one,
A
all the
runs
curved
best
B"
Plots.
garden
in
is
an
C"
Paths.
of
Borders.
of affairs is shown
the
across
lines for
line
in
garden
in
a
kitchen
Fig. 5, where
and
cropping being
is bisected
measured
be
is
garden
and
principlesof utility,
absolutelyunavoidable, never
mentioned
way
Right arrangement.
state
a
proper
ping
crop-
FIG, 5.
arrangement.
meeting
The
Paths.
A"
of the
walks, it is certain
will
4.
line
out-
conform
not
plotswill be anything but rectangular,and
difficult
of
the
outline
If the
the
method
forms
hedge
where
layingdown
the
to
the
FIG.
of
attention
vegetablearea,
straightline
hedge
VegetableGarden
a
best
that
the
oblong,
with
its broad
form
by
from
violation
a
should, unless
tolerated.
passing
a
It
for
sides
to
a
may
be
vegetable
the
south.
How
This
to
gives large opportunitiesin
wall
of the
trees
the
peaches,nectarines,and apricots;
or
incline towards
apples
thereon
to
amount
of south
earlier
outline
the
should
be
certainly
of the
made
but
garden ;
of the arrangement
be
must
or
such
be
be
as
no
in
The
be
that
and
withoutal
box
within
in
from
the
the
of
now
is
to
In
to
so
the
box
grow
so
dense
position.
3
cannot
These
also
neat
Two
2
live
be
views
to
make
the
able
preferthe
up
because
it
in appearance,
objectionsare
it harbours
only a system
as
is
keeps
effectually
bounds, is
first case,
a
any
edging plants
some
plot, and
killingit.
plot. Usually
boards, tiles,
stones, "c.,
it
that weed-killer
manner
between
choose
former, common
and
some
choice, ungoverned by
urged against it,viz.,that
untenable.
allow
the
path
well
insects,and
walks
notion
think
would
round
Paths.
is, whether
others, because
succeeds
commonly
of
used, or whether
easilybe kept
and
a
the crudest
well-regulated
garden
first process
preferred. Among
all
of the
matter
separationbetween
can
a
a
edging;
box
to
within
it
oblong
an
find
we
rarely,
having
person
Edging
made
factor.
dead
a
vegetables,
that is,of
rectangular,
dividing the path
of frontier-line
other
increased
the
already made,
is not
very
not
brought
be
may
earlier
means
of the crops
The
this may
does
taste
as
that form.
planning in
There
if the
mention
to
garden
shape. Rarely, but
square
kitchen
maturity,not
border, which
When
or
and
these, pears
cultivating
of
way
speciesof fruit,such
delicious
more
Garden
a
manage
slugs
applied to
are,
of
the
however,
neglectwill
harbouring of
of
Formation
insects
possible.Box
be
never
exceed
to
should
than
more
this
four
The
it lacks this
the box
in
is thus
the
laid
side,and
using the
sprinkled beyond
box
the
could
nately
fortu-
against
the weedkiller
its roots, the
from
away
person
practical
to
inability
be
can
each
and
all
it true, but
were
on
habitation
a
the
to
should
If allowed
height for
boards
immediately against the
mixture
may
boards.
The
surelybe pulled
hand.
sufficient
other
of
to
on
overthrow
induce
to
means
the soil
be less than
edging, so
the walks.
secured
the
down
for
tar
should
posts
warping
their
are
of the
they are
and
at
being
will
a
not
the
very
even
coated
when
path
fitted
level.
If
be very great.
Stones
are
they
in
are
Where
few
they
them, for if they
shellynature
thickness,and
33
be
the
are
being discarded)
imperishable. They
practically
an
be
apart
use
means
should
distance
great expense.
a
all
above
not
driven well into
posts should
but
lasting,
more
without
(thoseof
possible of
should
used
square
reasonable
a
mentioned,
inch thick and
one
four inches
boards
procured by
well chosen
when
and
longer preservation,
placed
obtainable
be
boards
several
are
be
these may
three inches
or
be about
preferableas
cases
two
there
prevent the trespass of
Boards
and
is not
arguments
box
to
as
tiles.
Both
ground.
with
the
by posts
have
Among
foot wide
one
of these
to
one
boards, stones, and
as
serious
off the box
kept
If, however, the
can
high.
regard
for
quality,
carelesslylet it be
by
sufficient
a
be
only danger being that
weeds
six inches
to
slantingdirection
a
and
clippedyearly,
objection with
weed-killer would
use
be
limit,slugswill certainlyfind
therein,but six inches is
purposes.
VegetableGarden
a
should
sunk
well
be
as
into
c
far
the
of
Formation
both
on
at
portionof
the space
between
trees, and
a
method
of
of
fact of not
wasting
largerdots
work
is
the
be
young
where
grown
erroneous
displaythe
FIG.
Wrong
error
7.
arrangement.
Borders.
ground
being able
large portion.
a
to
Fruit.
the
cuttingup
very
to
B"
Plots.
plantedpyramids
Whilst
apart.
would
Right arrangement.
A"
feet from
occupied by gooseberry
is intended
6.
be
Fig. 7 gives an
lines appear.
cropping and
FIG.
be
of strawberries
row
would
eightfeet
or
these would
closelydotted
the
the other walks
distance of six
a
espaliers.Three
be trained
sides would
the inner
VegetableGarden
a
meant
year, and
every
other
every
time the border
small
patches,and
The
space
should
These
in the
is
by
the
dig deeply againstfruit-trees,
to
between
figurethe alleysthat
to
ground.
into
case
dug.
35
be
of those
the
are
dug
up
lines of
necessary
at
against the
least
wall
How
to
in
Flowers
There
of
well within
as
who
by nicelydivided lines,and
pyramid
advise
not
it is
in
fruit-trees to
chieflybecause
treatment
if
as
fruit
ground.
in
were
bar
To
as
sad
a
no
visitors,
that
I have
of what
matter
vegetableportion of
an
the
glass houses, then
the
or
every
is
walk
bird's eye view
"Those
is considered
towards
is
happier
by
that
the
the
very
some
most
suitable
the
case,
to
those
fact that
to
kitchen
places in
rarelyshown
of
and
pleasureground,
a
see
the
a
person
the
not
glance
mere
vegetables.
want
to
his hand
all know
we
flowers
to
we
above
is
see
temptuously
con-
part of the garden.
that
vegetableswould
Are
quoted
over
first visit is to
do
but
It
frequentlyobserved,
necessary
growth
observe, question, and
of
foolish whim.
he sweeps
as
lives of thousands.
vegetableground
to
the
the
similar
means
gardener
the
unfortunately
familiaritywith
a
sufficient for the
only vegetables.You
are
vegetable
vegetable garden
The
flower
good
such
a
class,are
estate.
would
pleasureground,
traversed,but
religiously
them," says the head
Such
to
sharply-cut
receive
from
of
planting
although I
a
less than
fact which
of
properly formed
a
nor
the
whose
than
and
not
flowers
is,however, nothingmore
remains
would
think
more
Such
planted in
be
they
they
no
lawn.
in nature,
parallel
no
pale
separate gardening
to
would
croquet
a
the
without
as
vegetablegarden
a
on
pears
divisions have
or
like
professionalgardening who
planting flowers
Garden.
Vegetable
a
folks
some
are
Garden
a
manage
?
educate
Now
make
them
I contend
brought through
also
may
a
cause
the
him
perchance eventuallypractise
garden operations.
garden
for flowers
36
are
Now
the
most
in the borders
of
Formation
main
the
skirting
walks, and
be
espaliersshould
It is not
flowers.
this space
objectin
is best
view.
of the
at
cottage, I
that such
of annuals
have
of the
picturein
feature
when
kitchen
for
espaliers
used
from
as
a
to look
portion
any
the
gardener's
beauty of
the
area, and
the
commending
its absence.
condemning
or
as
place.
first going to work
garden
when
of the
often made
emerging
on
mind
sometimes
are
to
I well remember
the
minutelyhow
in its proper
are
that
to
attainment
attractive
quite as
and
skirtingthe
that
borders
struck by
particularly
was
tell
to
will be dealt with
large place how,
a
here
utilised for the
be
That
ground.
purposely advised
give a background
to
intention
to
glaringlybrilliant
I have
grown
my
merely say
I may
VegetableGarden
a
a
border
I
always
adoption
Though
mids
pyra-
inferior
background they are
the purpose.
Water-Supply.
The
cases
question of water-supplyto
be
settled
circumstances.
that it is
any
water
stubborn
The
of merit
great standard
governed solelyby
may
seem
true
canons
and
concede
ideal
local
fact, however, remains,
without
during periodsof drought.
by having
be
to
of
the
that
the
be made
hose-pipingmay
the
it is
well-nighimpossibleto produce vegetablesup
is effected
water
for
locally,
in all
garden must
a
water
and
economy,
it is
method
a
of
its
any
copious suppliesof
great savingof labour
laid
so
to reach
heavy, but
labour
A
all
one
aware
to
on
that
parts.
a
The
conversant
also of the
lengthof
first cost
with
the
need
for
involves,will readily
application
sound
speculation. I speak
the
distributing
37
water, and
now
of
inasmuch
How
the
as
to
illustration,
than
Fig.
words.
and
walks.
Each
hose-piping
all
judge
of
heavy
by
be
to
full
making
and
one
tub
wasted.
the
With
the
I
a
fall
garden
from
in
the
could
would
of
all
that
buildings.
water
four
would
of
like
that
see
of
and
materially
a
the
cheaply
benefit.
the
to
garden,
be
houses,
green-
fill
and
is
quantity
is
brought
out
by
another
up
and
a
find
storm
worked
another,
to
obtained
heavy
a
system
go
may
usually
times
would
passing
direction
easily
to
tub
one
five
or
be
still
during
waste
we
in
this
we
cottages,
present
but
;
to
from
At
if
could
water
comes
is
water,
go
of
larger
the
There
of
is
length
and
to
and
distributed
be
can
side
the
a
system.
allowed
centre,
pipe,
screwed
value
supply
perhaps
overflow
overflow
this
the
and
Now,
which
of
this
catch
to
is
large
use
other
filled,
soon
that
A
the
the
along
numerous
the
to
as
in
main
water
more
perfect
amount
storms.
the
the
more
learnt
the
which
of
be
can
plainer
meaning
tank
the
An
perfect.
disposed
from
which
on
course,
the
fed
be
my
large
barrels
is
means
Of
parts.
much
tap
show
one
or
these
a
by
barrels
the
tanks
of
with
shown
it
will
doubtless
is
small
provided
to
will
3,
Here
several
this
approaches
system
Garden
a
manage
few
so
;
on.
pipes,
drain-
about,
and
CHAPTER
CULTURE
THE
OF
ROOT
1.
Artichokes."
artichoke.
almost
on
with
good
tubers
should
be
feet
The
smaller
dug
in
up
left in
the
The
but
and
autumn,
till
ground
for
its
division,
the
plants being
In
Like
Beetroot.
they
which
twelve
rows
manured
been
not
early
from
stack
to
a
weeds.
CaPPOtS.
inches
of
Carefully
together
"
under
For
set
root
since
distance
The
two
rows
the
or
tubers.
Both
different
a
be
may
about
out
mulched
be
may
the
nine
together
four
these
crops
plant,
got
and
readily plunge.
can
well
cool, dry place,
some
feet
or
require
early
Sow
or
lift the
was
crop
taken
ten
inches,
roots
without
and
by
three.
amongst.
winter.
apart, using ground
last
by
dug
protection during
need
fifteen
or
stock
freely
all
"
in
in
closer.
planted
grow
manure.
between
altogether
A
be
places they
some
into
head.
should
plants
March,
inches
put
is
is grown
The
in
will
when
results
of
and
required.
artichoke
globe
early
Jerusalem
especially
dressing
a
be
may
the
better
gives
eighteen
and
these
former
and
soil
Chinese
the
CROPS.
among
planted
apart,
VEGETABLES
The
ground,
any
treated
three
have
We
Chinese
the
III
a
free
in
in
May
which
off.
and
soil
keep
has
Thin
free
bruising, and
cover,
success
with
39
carrots
it is
necessary
to
How
in
grow
a
to
lightsoil.
relied on,
and
are
rows.
Both
size
by making
crowbar, and
advisable
in
store
to
fillingup
dry
need
nip off
to
should
Earth
them
them
the
large
to
two-and-a-half
feet
deep
with
Dig
soil.
fine
the roots
up
in drills in
in shallow
a
with
is
This
with
a
only
fork and
a
The
foot
be
the
if
be
in
so
deep.
way
with
and
Some
real
no
nine
from
out
largeproduce
earlyautumn,
The
a
set
when
similar
in
leaves,but there is
frequentlywatered
up
be
not
plantsshould
apart, and
March, and
trenches
need
pointsof
the
required.
as
between
grown
the trenches
this.
one
they
work
be
sown
planted
advantage in
inches
be
to
celery,though
growers
thinly,thin
sand.
fair size
a
to
two
be
seldom
Sow
freelyat
parsnipsmay
for exhibition.
Leeks
of
hoe
and
holes
crack.
likelyto
the
carrots
heavy soil they can
a
very
keep
early,and
out
In
Garden
a
manage
is
required
liquid manure.
blanched
when
leek
Musselburgh
is
use
by
far
the best.
Onions.
in boxes
Thin
early in
the
harden
to
in
get onions
To
"
plantsin
Whether
for
deeply dug
inches
varieties should
chosen, such
and
pull the
continuous
bulbs
"
resents
when
supply sow
Parsnips.
fresh
Plant
made
James' Keeping. Keep
Like
manure,
well
also in
the
a
outside.
sowing
and
in
put in
apart, but
afterwards
be
kept
early,and
being put
planting or
and
and
year,
the boxes
off before
fifteen
rows
the
earlythey should
out
carrot
which
the
firm.
as
Ailsa
down
not
sown
frame.
warm
cold
a
out
in
frame
April
bury deeply.
ground
should
be
Furthermore, good
Craig,Giant Rocca,
weeds
ripened.
during
For
summer,
keepingup
a
August.
and
tends
40
do
be
beet
to
the
make
parsnip also
forky
roots.
be
They may
holes
thinned
two
three
or
be
taken
used
in
up
the
required.
as
tubers,as
the
autumn,
:
in
of seed
sets
a
up
moist,
few
a
of
great
words
soil,filling
They
one.
the
need
ground
and
be
is known
may
be
to
Improved
apart and
shed
and
to
Choose
they
may
grow
the attacks
extent
with
thin
small
out
With
as
soon
good
a
is littlefear of
as
season
"
These
may
cauliflowers,for that
between
to
May
them.
in
the
one.
plant in
a
high ;
in favourable
In the
straw.
February
time
case
when
August
to
the
sharply and
Let
the
the
rows
plants are
and
in
freedom
to
ground
thus
turnipflywhich
going astray
be
is
escape
riddles
foot
a
largeenough
from
the
turnipculture.
CROPS.
2. GREEN
Broccoli.
every
light.
the
of the
holes.
Store
with
from
sown
these
indication
ripe,an
tops.
cover
open
succession.
handle.
the
to
on
for seed ;
when
dig up
of
said
four to five inches
when
up
down
be
may
leaves
March
to
Student
The
culture
earth
leave them
that
so
flythere
dry
a
Turnips
of
the
of
top
or
mentioned, dropping
left in
or
weeds, and
dying
weather
to
the
mode
the
free from
being
the
on
Varieties
well-preparedsoil ;
a
seeds
foot apart ;
one
good, sound, well-shaped tubers
Secure
to
as
Only
Potatoes."
keep
them,
one
Crown.
Hollow
keep
to
before
for
hoe, about
the
eventuallythinningout
hole, and
each
with
afterwards
out
made
be
may
Vegetables
in drills made
sown
deep, and
inch
of
Culture
The
be said to be
represents the
Sowings
open
may
reallyhardy
forms
whole
of the
take
place
ference
diffrom
ground, choosing varieties
club-root
Where
manure.
land, and
several
refrain
culture.
The
Early
London
point
of
pricked
off
gas-lime
them
from
putting cabbages
These
partake of
Autumn
Giant.
if
in
and
into
sown
in the
the
thereon
for
in boxes
Constant
the
in
cauliflowers
planted in
be
may
shed
a
plants
winter.
well
been
Seed
in the
and
of
possibility
a
drought.
the moisture
ball
a
of
they will keep
cellar,where
April.
in
open
for
likewise
early frosts
If
with
up
cared
may
plantswill keep
the
taken
or
is
are
gained in
the
and
have
they
a
is
protected during
January
ground during
Much
is diminished.
between
hoeing
speciesof
same
general purposes
spring there
if
danger
the
the
autumn
and
frames
"buttoning,"but
sown
in
attacks
best varieties for
two
earliness
in the frame
be
"
planted out
their
Vegetables
years.
Cauliflowers.
When
of
Culture
The
ensue
soil and
for
some
time.
Curly
Kale.
winter
For
"
and
early spring
vegetable is especiallyserviceable,for
been
a
cut
off it will continue
considerable
time, which
if
very
dish during a
appetising
The
culture is
the
preciselythe
pulled when
as
has
form
young
time of few fresh
same
head
growths for
side
out
this
a
vegetables.
that recommended
for
Savoy.
Savoys.
Sow
in
planting towards
the
Let the distance
between
"
four inches.
Leave
they can
be watered
them
long
are
throw
to
after the
use
as
as
a
mid-April, and
prick
end
beginning
of
the
small
; and
there
generallysupposed
June
or
off in
beds,
of
July.
plantsbe eighteen to twentybasin
keep
is
room
to
be
round
the hoe
enough
each
well
to
improved by
43
plantso
that
going between
work.
frost.
Savoys
How
to
Celery and
worth
Celeriae.
growing in
every
submitted
When
four inches
Plant
in
protect from
May
should
they
needed,
be
Celeriae does
earthed
should
be
dug
of not
a
the
not
need
there
the main
Do
not
flavour will be
need
is
in cottage
and
an
easilyearthed
and
if necessary
ten
weeks
extent
as
before
bury
to
Bearer
and
planted in
trenches
nor
that
to
are
required. These
heat
a
up
thereon
shoot
allow
be raised in
either
heap
when
when
Lettuce.
or
down
44
soil and
nine
leaves
two
too
inches
the
beyond
long or
produce curtailed.
red
in
hot-water
nearlyreached
hang
the
Water
spider.
Endive
households, but could
grown
ridge of
or
it has
at one
the
"
temperature
from
eight or
the fruit to
spoiledand
a
better afterwards
are
some
and syringeto keep
freely
Endive
or
stored.
Make
cucumbers
be
roots
shoots
limit,and stop fruiting
the fruit.
three
Standard
are
to
60",and
hot-bed.
high. Stop
such
to
varieties
Plants
"
where
pipesor
plant
and
less than
frames
a
Pink.
not
up
Cucumbers.
be
over
plentifully
throughout
eightto
some
for it is the
up,
or
and
in trenches
planted
singlerows,
Water
done
but
Exhibition
Daniel's
be
in
sown
March
greenhouse
a
plants may
in
June
frosts.
Suitable
heart.
be
well
ground, this being their chief requirement.
Earthing
the
should
handle, prick out
to
should
that the
or
late
their stay in the
are
either in
Celery
specially
preparedso
Seed
vegetable is
sandy soil,early in
largeenough
apart.
useful
garden.
gentle heat
to
hot-bed.
up.
This
"
boxes, filled with
or
pans
"c.
SALADS,
3.
Garden
a
manage
with
is not
greatlyin
advantage
be
use
grown
out-of-doors.
Plant
be
blanched
to
exclude
frame
a
As
light.
well-preparedsoil which
well
moisture.
retain
of the
apart ; and
endive
if
they
with
raffia grass.
soon
run
and
the mustard.
before
cutting.
rough
soil and
lime
around
the
they
lose
made
to
their
keep
Cut
bed.
a
cession.
suc-
a
foot
one
will
dry,lettuces
or
in advance
days
not
of
the seed.
cover
inch
an
together,
grown
A
it to remain
high
it
before
either broadcast
sown
They
need
be
to
The
well-worked
on
slugs,"c., by puttinga ring of
Thin
out
secret
great
May,
a
south
before
required and
as
in
growing
plantswell forward, so
planted
fruit when
and
early March,
of
in
or
should
be
succession.
growth proceeds,pot
to
up
ginning
be-
in," tie the top
crispness.Frequent sowings
green
bearing
do
be
may
be
trained
the
planted
are
few
a
about
free from
up
"
cress
when
is to get
end
that it will
usuallysufficiently
long for
out-of-doors
the
in
grown
keep
heart
These
"
and
thickly,
apart.
kept
February
dry
from
to
become
to
when
leaf.
be
Tomatoes.
sow
These
"
foot
one
to
is
days
Radishes.
drills
"
to
be
sown
be
readily
not
Cress.
Sow
ten
gets into
be
should
If allowed
it is better
or
should
September
to
on
needed
them
over
trenched, so
may
they
do
plants are
set
been
later
seed.
to
Mustard
week
be
and
foot apart and, water
Lettuces
has
up
March
one
these
Seeds
year
Like
though
during
for use, pots may
air and
Vegetables
in lines
out
weather.
during dry
well
in
Sow
change.
a
as
of
Culture
The
prick
that
wall
they
or
may
off into
fence.
45
be
they may
boxes.
on
late
As
stake until
planted
Train
in
Sow
out.
off into five-inch pots and
when
well
tomatoes
out
the
and
single
How
to
pinching out
stem
system,
Feed
well with
When
water.
fruit
frost and
Mint
of
about
ripen.
All
put
roots,
it may
by
or
by
four feet
high stop
be
Parsley
borders
the
seed
up
let the
pulled
before
forced
and
for
in
sown
Sage
division
by
with
use
under
rows
paths. Thyme
of
division.
or
be
and
cuttingsor
be
may
them
for
want
never
to colour.
from
boxed
they appear.
as
let them
fruit should
propagated
earlypotatoes.
walls
and
unripened
be
or
shoots
greenhouse shelves
on
may
all side
liquidmanure,
Garden
a
manage
be
may
creased
in-
also be increased
may
by cuttings.
4. MISCELLANEOUS
Asparagus.
be
For
"
in March
sown
forming
plantsand plant in
feet between
seedlings thinned
is better
in beds
plants,or
of
sprinkling
a
the
first year, and
years
cut
weak
the
space
between
"
Do
ones
the
beans.
trench
in autumn
rows
middle
When
these
To
grow
;
dig
we
runner
up
have
there
eighteeninches
bottom.
apart, or
46
runner,
beans
with
"c., and, just before planting,
double
trench
the
manure
plantsduring
the second.
until the
grow.
the
from
cut
three
In
of
other
June and
is sufficient
plantsdig the ground yearly.
Among
broad
to
wide,with
yearlya dressingof
not
For
out.
two-and-a-half
Thoroughly
sparinglyduring
strong shoots
the
leave
Beans.
salt.
should
buy one-year-old
to
five feet
apart.
ground before planting. Give
and
seed
asparagus,
four feet apart and
rows
eighteen inches
at
rows
the
the
plot it
permanent
a
of
raising
the
and
CROPS.
well, take
Fill in
soil.
in
dwarf, and
with
Plant
out
a
weeds,
beans
singlerows,
in
with
The
the
beans
Culture
nine
be used
before
they become
hang
to
for the beans
earlyin May.
nine inches
same
distance,and
stakes
stakes.
along
beans
be
may
side
of
Pick
be
inches
the
many
Plant
set.
deep.
They
planted
be
at
the
several
connecting
and
row
too
by driving in
up
pods
put in single rows
should
kept
not
poles
the
allow
not
two-and-a-half
Broad
each
do
may
Stout
up.
followingwill
beans
apart and
no
climb
to
others
Dwarf
need
asunder.
large,and
too
seed, or
for
Vegetables
inches
twelve
to
should
of
them
with cord.
Marrows.
Seeds
"
of
pots during March.
As
pots and
at
plant
for
well
plenty of
and
out
having
manure
for
cover
the
be
may
end
of
singly in
sown
into
6-inch
Marrows
pay
shift them
they grow
May.
ground thoroughly trenched
the
incorporated.
Water
with
yew
days
few
a
need
Marrows
marrows
well after
attention
little other
planting,
boughs.
laurel
or
and
watering
than
the
plantsand cuttingthe produce.
Mushrooms.
is
get the
to
should
straw
small
into
day
a
inch
bed
deep
taken
in
up
which
from
well
into
may
be
thing
right condition.
All
large
the
smell
be
horse
it well
Turn
has
flat
or
and
manure,
Then
gone.
over
the
every
put it up
conical-shaped. Tread
days
before
eightpieces and
bury
about
one
few
days
after.
and
mats.
eight or
nine
weeks
May
even
a
Put
manure.
watered
chief
heap.
a
may
cake
in the
Mushrooms
after
be
the
mushrooms
the
let it stay for
each
Keep
in
until the rank
firmly and
Break
growing
manure
thrown
other
In
"
and
few
soil
covered
expected
over
with
about
a
straw
spawning.
spawning.
Peas
may
be
sown
from
December
47
to
or
June.
How
Sow
to
but
thinly,
Earth
the
when
up
afterwards
during
chosen
which
hot
do
mentioned
Water
from
the old stock
and
plant three
I.,Chelsea
four
to
It
covering with boxes
the
stagingof
warmth.
the
Needless
greenhouse
to
of
Albany,
by division.
Cut off
Duke
say
or
eyes
other than
the
on
dressing
got along early by
anywhere
crowns
leaves
or
beneath
forced
and
up
or
crowns,
established
putting litter
and
be taken
these, or piecesmay
be
may
varieties may
Once
be
may
tubs
or
be
mildew, and
two
or
feet apart.
manure.
may
Gradus.
little attention
needs
to
varieties
Gem,
pieceshaving one
soil rhubarb
annually with
over
Smaller
This is usuallyincreased
"
down
keep
deep.
stakes
stakes
staking. Among
Telegraph,Telephone, and
good
put small
Larger
well to
need
William
Rhubarb.
and
high
weather.
not
inches
so, in drills two
they topple over.
placed.
mulch
much
too
few inches
a
before
peas
be
not
Garden
a
manage
where
of
are
there is
little use
afterwards.
Seakale.
"
rhubarb.
to
and
may
be
may,
It is
propagated by
with
"
apart.
and
A
or
two
that the stems
pots may
be
the
crowns
to
two-and-a-half
be
blanched, and
them
and
litter.
or
used
months.
peas
of
placed over
as
when
Sow
required.
division
This is often used
among
grown
over
boxes
leaves
Spinach.
sown
most
It is necessary
for this purpose
be
in
planted in springfrom
feet apart.
covered
respects,be treated similar
This
within
or
the
sowing may
two
in
rows
soil is
take
the winter.
48
a
catch crop, since it may
It may
twelve
to
moist
and
well
be
fifteen inches
thin
place in September
out
to
as
last
CHAPTER
FORMATION
OF
What
formation
dealt
with,
practice
flower
there
can
beauty
the
person
grounds
of
to
I intend
in
beds
calculations
of
this
or
will
be
chapter
in the
concentrated
some
flower
on
but
a
gardens
agree
if their
search
they
Flower
that
for
would
49
the
of
the
arrangement
and
of
out
my
arrangement
The
the
subject
beds
of
and
Garden.
there
powers
that
proportion,
leave
within
plants
idea,
picturesque.
the
will
otherwise.
later.
the
of
merely
or
of
the
In
marring
out
of
of
grouping
of
the
sense
I
ground.
laying
the
arrangement
philosophers
universe,
as
flowering
in
right
like
have
without
to
the
flowers, and
matters
Design
Most
a
treat
to
for
treated
pleasure
conception
true
a
borders
the
with
gifted
whether
bedding
borders
was
in
only
treatment
colour
been
having
garden
separation
entrusted
such
shrubs
such
no
flower
the
whom
in
and
from
lending
deficient
and
of
garden
garden
the
either, and
not
was
of
purposes
Garden.
Flower
a
treat
be
GARDEN
vegetable
to
the
the
the
by
the
turn
we
For
divorced
of
of
FLOWER
A
mean
we
THE
manner.
IV
is evidence
of
research
evidence
find
none.
of
had
of
design
to
design
This
D
is
be
in
of
of
Formation
to
the
of what
Flower
a
conceivingit.
person
should
qualities
go
When
I had
towards
the
garden, I spent
several
hours
tremble
of the
ridicule which
me
were
think
to
I
to
ever
in
Garden
make-up
forming
of
a
flower
plan, but
this
would
idea
cruder
a
be
I
hurled
at
put the design into practice. Personally
FIG.
Design.
13.
Irregular.
I should
to
be inclined
cover
to call on
is
There
me.
neighbouringmountain
some
much
too
and
regularity,
altogethersuch
Nature.
In
Nature
garden especially,
Art
enter
may
the
run
of
the
beds
The
Queendom.
beautify,but
and
line
the
or
geometrical relations
so
obvious
as
in
the
of
one
case
may
of
bed
under
to
the
an
outrage
not
usurp
conform
compass,
another
on
be supreme.
must
it must
themselves
sweep
is
plan
a
much
too
symmetry,
should
discussion.
A
the
to
the
but
the
not
be
better
How
to
design is given in Fig.
to
the
scale
of
between
space
paths
of
are
a
size and
useful
width
same
suit
designsare given to
''. A
\
A"
and
an
worked
we
on
find them
gravelwalks.
14.
"
Plan
Beds.
B"
piece is
taken
grass which
bounded
When
out
according
/'"
"'
and
Box.
C"
by
the
one
box
year
52
and
other
gravel.
Gravel.
These
beds
edgings and
needs
the
'%
kept closelycut,
box
the
oblong,a triangular,
an
of box
is
Some
throughout.
pieceof ground.
irregular,
out
are
regularshape, and
a
square,
a
"'
FIG.
beds
varies,unlike the first plan,where
them
the
the
Here
9.
Garden
a
manage
but
at
times
separated by
renewing
fresh
usually
are
every
other
pieces planted.
of
Formation
Flower
a
pieceswhich
Next
year
those
some
fresh
pieces put
in their
the
edging.
two
to
years
coloured
gravelput
worked
old
renew
with
out
between
is
fashioned, and
idea is
Some
that in all
advise
and
given of
what
that
the
to
undulates
regularly. There
flower
see
garden
probably
one
autumnal
shower.
or
how
small
a
the
size of
of the
of beds
be
design is
a
plot of
when
obtained
is far better
dotted
tempted
for
about
shown
lawn
the
with
the
the
where
put
half the
lawn
be
can
that
be
flowers
are
containing but
one
a
his
the
grown
A
grown
bed
on
the
person
ground
garden
In
in
Of
depend
must
also
space.
in beds.
53
large or
idea
some
itself
on
beauty of
to
this.
convenientlyworked.
happens
flowers
of
Want
how
precisely
garden
to
an
Beds.
holding,and
or
or
where
seen
for.
be, but
be
can
after
for
responsible
say
should
bed
It often
occupier.
number
is
lawn,
water
is sometimes
Size of Flower
estate
be
part of the
naturally looked
difficult to
slopesor
or
sightin
pitiful
more
no
beds, under
are
it will be
level
the
This, however,
in the grass,
course
of
size which
will
not
Of
certainly
I
out
two
flower
the
cut
some
surface
irregular
an
flowers
could
be
be
however
now
Fig.14.
is either
can
the size of the flower
course
in
see
clearlyvery
givenof
the
is meant
lawn
find
we
up-to-dategardens,
to
The
It is
in
than
conditions
drainageand
is
system
beds
also
cases
very fantastic designs
some
This
the
cases
that it thus takes
some
edges kept cleanly cut.
the
better
In
and
pulled up
are
place,so
rarely seen
necessary
a
left
were
and
box.
the
Garden
as
such
tastes
fond
of
large
a
a
on
whole
cases
it
borders,and
simple and pretty
in borders
(Figs.15
and
with
16).
How
A
to
effect of
plant beds
if
we
to
givein
not
follow
Good
width
"
a
that.
The
15.
B"
after the
a
"
found
off
may
Path.
to
pretty safe
effect this
producing
FIG.
D
16.
be
a
good
the
sufficient.
border
this space
plan
small scale.
54
able
of
cannot
Lawn.
"
In
the
fifteen
to
will be
readers
L
Rockeries.
"
be extended
"massing system"
for
utilised,
on
C
the width
show
that
Faulty arrangement.
Bed.
be
so
ordinaryflowers
plot.
grass
difficult
found
it will be
arrangement.
will also
To
bed for
a
For
throughout.
afraid few of my
am
say that
hideous
eightfeet wide,
feet in width
ten
the rule
than
the
show
It will be
plot.
more
are
little and
Border.
of borders
I
which
exceed
FIG.
A
the
breaking up
to
should
correspondingplan will
the
glance at
Garden
a
manage
to
annuals
could
well
be
case
feet,but
spare
even
arranged
be
tageously
advan-
carried
out
of
Formation
Flower
a
Garden
Borders.
I have
useful
alreadyhinted
worked
beds
than
planted with
to
FIGS.
sider that
he
has
which,
B"
Wall.
a
as
in view
as
it
A
common.
up
can
with
the
or
17 and
These
must
employment
of
"
C"
happens,
few
idea
conform
Borders
D"
Grass.
the
and
very
in
flimsy arguments
that
all
cases
be
can
55
E"
the
of
use
are
under
to
very
I
to
con-
Hedge.
some
a
borders,
considered
often
It is conceived
or
ways
will find the ends
palpable errors
house
are
I wish
beds, but
despised and
of borders.
They
in many
are
Path.
amateur
often
are
more
paths.
fullyrealised by
only exist againsta
they
Not
general rule
more
design.
a
culture.
18.
Border.
on
sometimes
are
of error, and
good
disparagethe making
A"
out
less likelihood
conducive
more
borders
that
mixed
that
wall,and
they
that
straightline.
easilydisposed of.
How
find
We
suited
to
borders
shrubs, and
on
background
of
is it essential
their
or
It
but
width
walks,
pillars,"c.,
in
almost
their
and
FIG.
is shown
Fig.
edges
Fig.
1
of
all
is
a
the
A
condition.
in
C"
Fig.
run
border
and
of
verge
of
grass
left when
pleasing
run
over
If
the
at
against
the
of
once
a
laying
least
a
week
E"
out.
outline
Hedge.
walk
a
bed,
as
being
foot
a
skirts
walk
is shown
the
lawn,
wide
the
lawn-mower
to
the
between
space
walk
border
feature, and
it
prove
curved
a
Path.
straight,the
the
would
the
on
D"
outline
the
to
Nor
position.
straight path.
Grass.
17.
artificial
an
perfectly straight,
have
to
with
it may
be
quickly
Border
"
with
This
blemish
a
contrived
Border.
B"
or
cases
very
19.
conform
8,
19.
in
very
as
either
may
in
Wall.
be
would
be
uniform.
cases
belts
any
should
outline
all
or
of
skirting
also
of
in
A"
them
side
should, in fact, be
such
find
we
either
that
monotonous
walls, a position eminently
certainly under
them,
to
Garden
a
manage
keep
in
as
should
walk,
can
it in
as
it
be
ideal
of
Formation
Garden
Flower
a
Pillars, Pergolas, "c.
These
are
not
are
too
well
the
too
of
none
only
FIG.
A
Pergolas.
"
F"
be
of iron
be
in
B"
iron, but
that
bark
to
the
apart, and
H"
Borders.
for
appearance
be
can
be
D
Pillars.
For
which
kept
I"
better
if
form
be
a
useful
is
well
beneath
be
when
to
with
coated
slung
from
well
tar
The
the
one
equally
purpose
clothed
placed about
background
preferred.
it increases
the
serve
discerned
57
Seat.
"
ground.
sometimes
are
E
be
to
possible,as
pillars
may
These
Pillars may
preservationthey should
be
other, but wire will
not
given
is here
Vegetable plots.
wood
will
on
result that
unhappy
Summer-house.
"
procured, and
Chains
well,for it will
climbers.
C"
reallyto
and pergolas.
pillars
many
wood.
ornamentation.
pole
Too
Arch.
portion
should
"
Trees.
or
Strong posts
20.
the
tries
apparent (Fig. 20).
too
they
when
garden look
his
ground plan
A
well.
make
mark, and
features,with
looks
them
this is
where
to
oversteps the
many
garden
a
unfortunatelyoften happens
it
praiseworthyambition
owner
include
; but
numerous
that in his
in
pleasingfeatures
very
with
eightfeet
the border.
Roses
of
Formation
Flower
a
Garden
V....,
.
l.J
'"..."
FIG.
A"
Pillars.
B"
21.
C"
Beds.
F
FIG.
A"
Pillars.
B"
E
Plan
"
"
22.
G
Statue.
"
Plan
Gravel
C"
Garden.
D"
Borders.
Beds.
"
of Rose
"
Grass.
Garden.
Rhododendrons.
59
Gravel
Seats.
of Rose
walk.
E"
G
"
Seats.
D"
Grass.
walks.
How
to
FIG.
a
manage
23."
of Rose
Plan
B"
Beds.
G"
24."
Plan
of Rose
Garden
Garden.
Grass.
*Jk
FIG.
B"
Beds.
G"
Grass.
60
H"
Garden.
Gravel
path.
of
Formation
but
on
all
of
sunlight.
shown
a
yet in such
sides,and
in
tall belt of
varieties
There
need
if it is
good
rose
going
taste.
standards,as
not
be
nothing
garden
to
gardens
rose
be
bush
the beautiful
to
should
trees, as
briars be
about
a
garden
rose
is sheltered
by
different
of
One
or
two
any
of these.
keynote of simplicity
appealto
be
maximum
given (Figs.23, 24).
are
made
and
pillar,
forgotten.
61
2
sheltered
a
in flower.
possess
useful,and
Provision
the
being
which
very elaborate
must
be
afford
figuredin Fig. 2
That
givequite a picturewhen
designs of
a
.
to
as
belong to
rhododendrons,
other
In fact
1
way
attributes
Such
Fig. 2
a
Garden
It should
itself.
the house
far from
not
Flower
a
those
to
wall
grow
possessing
roses
plants,and
as
let
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Arrangement
of
there
that in
is grave
danger
result will be
to
surface
revoltinglack
a
as
of
down
lay it
harmony
as
find
it,and
of
retentive soil
we
Garden
endeavouringto
of proportion,
want
the
of it under
best
the
In small
to take
generalrule
a
make
and
it,the
form
incurred.
of the expense
nothing
say
I should
gardens
Pleasure
a
the
conditions.
the
In
of
a
a
case
it will often be
lightone,
certain
off the
shrubs
soil.
or
speak, of
found
much
the
foundation
when
and
This
the
on
in most
can,
sunk
hands, so
feared
might lie,in forming
a
mound
of
a
terrace.
filling
up
in the
rarelybe
the
such
found
it is
cases
mounds
and
take
care
kind
being
a
to
are
at
done, and
the
puttingthe
best
it is found
reversingthe positionof
a
In the
terrace
in the
the
the
is often
take out
or
the foundations,
it is taken out,
great trouble in
to
bring
three feet below
from
pleasing feature,when
67
when
case
garden slopingwell
a
a
to
worse
of this is very
soil,or is called upon
lyingpreviouslytwo
of
indicated,
the
especially
is put
the
reallypicturesqu
manner
anywhere justas
gardener
case
to be
in
and
it so, unless
reverse
builders
some
It will
top, that of the
The
The
in
uniformly even,
make
to
to be
soil down
with the result that the
house,
at
the bottom.
into cultivation soil
is
be
it is
placeswhere
marked
sufficiently
buildingis going on.
the surface.
better
soil
distributing
keep
put
surface
always
dells
In
often
that
making
to
cases,
of for
appropriatespot, or
a
make, up with fresh
readilydisposed
the water
for
afford, to
means
to
soil will be
maker.
garden
take out
to
part of the ground where
that
flowers will be grown,
cases
in that
even
necessary
good
a
good plan,
a
top spitfrom
In such
or
especially,
of soil to have
depth
It is also
path.
take
a
the
well
How
made.
to
sectional view
A
is made
terrace
is
of
garden
a
Garden
a
manage
given in Figs.25
before
and
and
The
26.
after the
questionof
mum
FIG.
25.
soil before.
The
drainingland, which
will be found
The
The
a
to
include
their
them
an
for
much
intricate maze,
an
this,for it is
can
be
time, money,
fail.
fault
a
We
pointed out,
labour
and
serviceable
when
profuselydotted about, but
when
formed
If
a
the difference
be
composed,
landscape with
have
the
several
not
beauty
virtue ; but
a
seldom
An
endeavour
deserve
in
its
shrubs
of their
but
foliage,
68
of
look
well
is made
Figs.27,
28.
it
appellation,
only of
specimens
at
generallyappreciated
methods
two
is really
to
pleasure-ground
should
are
belts.
in the
reallyblame
saved, to be expended in
Shrubs
and
might
remedy suggested,and
a
manner.
into groups
is
by making
up
cannot
begottenof
more
show
end
the face of which
mosaic.
some
to
of shrubs
In their eager desire
they
everything,
unbeautiful
least the fault
of Shrubs.
amateurs
many
garden into
resemble
elsewhere.
proportionatearrangement
little of
a
with
all operations,
precede
course
Arrangement
in which
matter
of
fullydealt
and
proper
should
which
grace
should
the
wise
like-
good floweringshrubs
of
Arrangement
be well
Further, they should
and
broad
a
more
pleasingeffect
used
to
idea
break
up
the
of the size and
There
is
reallyno
of shrubs
order
that
will be
overcrowded.
not
close
plantingshrubs fairly
in
harm
they be
were
some
they will eventuallytake
form
in
essential,
absolutely
garden,
a
plantingshrubs
When
lawn.
of
within, often gives a much
if several groups
than
year.
well cultivated.
outskirts
the
of lawn
expanse
and
arranged
around
belt of shrubs
good
Garden
throughout the
almost
will flower in their turn
which
A
Pleasure
a
at
.1
FIG.
Shrubs.
27.
FIG.
Pleasing arrangement.
Faulty arrangement.
G"
if
first,
a
firm
the resolution
better
to
seems
bare
advise
to
will
which
is made
resolution
than
to
keep
plant the
vacant
have
latterly
perennials.There
suited
make
to
a
this
In view
is
spaces
be
to
of this it is
a
as
quired,
re-
if the
perhaps
ground
floweringplants,
Whenever
it is
flowers,either annuals
largevarietyof plantsespecially
and
position,
pointof viewing some
with
removed.
be left for
out
it is easier to make
that
us
it.
thin them
to
and
plantingthinlyat first,
possiblea margin should
or
Shrubs.
S"
Grass.
experience shows
but
28.
the
intendinggrower
garden where
69
they are
should
known
How
to
be well
like,and
There
to
done,
his lessons
would
is
wealthy range
a
for purposes
only
among
of
of choice
deciduous
they
do
to
also
well
nothingwill spoila pleasuregarden
the appearance
this
class.
known
to
hinted
As
be
and
large manufacturing towns,
it is intended
Where
cases.
attention
should
they will
positionwhere
symmetrically.In
windows, the best
hide
To
educational
some
of
doing so
to
is
from
gardeners
such
afforded
in the
the
obtained, and
a
the
beauty does
one
the
trouble and
the
to
autumn,
walks,and
is to make
trees
interest,and
in such
it is necessary
of trees
that
label all
of
specimen trees, particular
foliagealike
see
few
as
than
thing more
one
are
carried to extremes.
it is that
place
expense
unless
found
If
Walks.
which
another
paths
exceptions,take
splendidadvice, but
errors
atmosphere
are
is small.
If there is
should, with
conifers
opportunityof growing
every
Paths, Drives, and
among
pages,
varieties of
be avoided
grow
selection
view
another.
of
have
the
spring,and winter,and
not
choice
given that they are
in the tint of
harmony
ensure
be
district,for
completely than
should
to
ascertained
the
smoke-laden
the
to
averse
conifers.
be
more
preceding
in
ornamental
among
in
ragged specimens of
of
would
large gardens,not
it should
trees
he
therefrom.
among
as
trees, but
known
are
well
small, as
plantingconiferous
whether
of what
suit his circumstances
what
trees
Before
take
and
Garden
a
manage
a
in
outline.
wavy
Fig.29,
anythingthis
70
where
is
taught
pleasure grounds
it is likely
to
qualified
in
is
a
the
worse
This
is
lead into
curving is
fault than
of
Arrangement
Pleasure
a
walks, for
having all straight
in the
internal
;
evidence
imitation
presumptuous
it,are
Two
seen.
in
place of
The
be
they
walks
four
are
small
a
and
paths
in the
minimum.
their
the
garden
to
be
will
which
few
a
to
a
of space,
look
largemajorityof
As
to
out
entirely
are
large garden.
seldom
the
considered, asphalt or
the
positionin
curves
ground
well, so
cases
material
cement
of
while
When
that
of which
if
will be
place;
narrow
less than
this be
composed, gravelis generallyin favour, but
is
secure
prevailingcircumstances.
waste
wanton
suitable
not
feet wide
the
a
betoken
advise that
as
in
to
and
angles. (See Figs. 30, 31.)
many
governed solelyby
walks
Broad
failure
have
to
is the
vain
a
shown
are
better it is
much
there
case
in the other
illustrations
of the walks
width
must
for
so
but
and
artistic,
of the
other
sighthow
explainon
method
of
latter
Garden
I would
regarded
they
stern
are
utility
used, such
How
as
is found
of
our
the
to
in
of
some
patent weed-killers,weeds
to
Certain it is,that if
it
be
must
be
must
defined
free from
be
if it be
It should
by
all
are
the
his
amateur
will
plants, it
it
by
(all other
of
purposes
formalityof
stones
any
in
with
position,
one
put
riage
car-
a
ten, and
in
together with
will
In this he is
be
formation
need
be
styled
no
doubt
considered
to
most
of several
suitable
be
cases
for the
sheltered
be
belts of shrubs.
worthy.
blame-
A
rock
a
kind
To
garden.
about
it.
should
be
There
The
and
slightly
from
in the
view
surface
the
considered,and
put stratified
main
should
stones
in
the
principleslearnt
72
be
position of
peaks juttingrudely above
of
majority of
hidden
dip
rockeries
things being equal) admirably fulfil
nature
followed.
violate
called
than
of flowers
cannot
be
To
in
should
of the windows
would
of
must
however, the meaning is a piece of ground
by paths.
shaded, and
stones
garden."
for the
apart especially
rock
to
rock
soaring, but
intersected
and
"
few
a
culture
the
for
Here,
the
that
aware
between
somewhat
set
less
clearly
a
Garden.
Rock
A
spaces
be
be
to
weather;
all
drive
entitled
gravel.
its purpose,
walk
or
fortable
com-
loose
in
upon
from
fifteen feet.
cases
We
with
have
never
some
more
rubbish, and
approach
The
wide
fairly
drive.
most
and
far
serve
rightly
walk
to
weeds
outline.
course
is to
comfortable
walk
covered
one
walk
a
firm
a
of
use
easilybe kept
can
think
than
traverse
the
parks. By
our
paths. Personally,I
Garden
a
manage
no
rocks
ligently
intel-
upright
an
others, is
in
the
for-
Arrangement of
of rocks ; .for in nature
mation
rocks
imitate
in
poising
way
we
To
perhaps
may
without
annoying
any
advise
Botanic
his
who
Gardens,
Edinburgh,
and
a
furniture
could
be
In this
eye of
man
innumerable
this
phase
of
the
the
if
in
He
he
rockery
specialityis
hints
may
be
more
of Messrs.
made
of
formation
gained. If, again, it should
73
Royal
ceived,
splendidly con-
cultivated.
or
of
opportunity,I
is
Kew,
Backhouse
where
in
and
which
view
feature, and
pleasing the
well
from
York, where
the
endeavour
us
the beautiful.
rockery
centrallysituated,he might
of
with
wonderful, but in
the
time
the
to
Let
interest
the
has
something
learn
performances,
proportion.
deep
a
laws.
to
in
of
sense
fully furnished,
again
see
endeavour
to
compared
man
admire
to
succeed
visit
a
of
imitation
taking
one
gardening,and
would
works
our
if ever,
another; for it only illustrates
nature
confine
to
remarkable
the universal
products of
cases
great fault
a
more
on
the
dealingwith
our
all
rock
one
are
puny
colossal
in
in her
nature
Garden
seldom,
we
It is also
placed.
so
to
how
Pleasure
a
be
the
and
the
CHAPTER
VII
ARRANGEMENT
OF
The
IT
is
amateur
fruit
less
it
chronicled
districts
is
be
said,
the
land
This
be
of
does
laws, be
being
left
for
it
no
the
of
part
not
place
reader's
for
are
politics,
75
and
no
the
means
matter
than
where
of
must
others,
tending
to
of
power
is
nothing
condition
present
meditation.
own
cottage
but
interference,
by
rural
It
cultivating
empower
remembered,
in
happens
landowners,
The
is
to
larger
no
opinions
the
reprehensible,
danger.
(and
cheap.
very
the
annul,
highly
national
a
laws
our
the
This
is
to
considerably
each
is
must
attention
to
cases
dweller.
deference
on
is
some
with
is carried
built
being
allotted
purposes
altogether
or
cottager
short
of
action
in
is
to
this
It
public
are
garden
town
all due
with
this
restrict,
the
by
agricultural
for
that
of
do
unfortunate
draw
houses
ground
growing
classes
most
to
small, and
very
enjoyed
land
order
amount
is
It
where
that
the
indeed
that
in
fruit
the
or
themselves.
working
be.
might
his
of
could
to
which
to
cottager
whole
and
the
by
the
number
large
a
extent
here
matter)
the
the
country
than
the
community
that
this
in
devote
to
Garden.
that
supposed
although
the
to
stated
out
likely
culture,
benefit
be
be
GARDEN
FRUIT
Fruit
Cottager's
hardly
may
A
our
immutable.
had
Meanwhile
better
we
How
to
will consider
what
his command
culture.
acre,
with
a
done
by
be
which
Supposing
the
prepared
view
a
can
land
I have
manage
cottager having
a
well
might
space
Garden
be
is
half
an
arranged
that without
and
of fruit,
a variety
affording
to
be
plan (Fig.34) which
a
for fruit
used
disposal to
at
at
h
FIG.
A"
B
Damsons.
F
"
I"
34.
"
Gooseberries.
Ground
Half
"
C
Plums.
G"
walk.
an
K"
first
two
to
place;
should
point
there
fruit,
but
not
Hedge.
out
must
D
Apples.
L"
H
"
can
bulky
be
together.
some
solid
76
E
Pyramids.
Raspberries.
"
I
"
"
Currants.
Vegetables.
no
vegetables.Vegetables,
return,
It is of
reason
course
case
ground
usuallygiven
are
solid
that, especiallyin the
be
vegetables.
Path.
culture of
more
there
go
"
Strawberries.
altogetherexcludingthe
givinga quickerand
of fruit and
acre
for
of
why
the
necessary
the
larger
believingthat
Arrangement
he who
be
plantsshall
where
in the
is
there
arrangements
event
also
the
fruit,and
Damsons.
tenure,
E"
"
F
in the
prepared
C
Pyramids.
"
I
been
where
or
compensation
of Fruit.
Variety
Gooseberries.
Raspberries.
only
can
planter quittingthe holding.
of the
B
this
for suitable
made
be the interest taken
should
has
Fruit
security of
some
Garden
a
greater the varietyof fruit the
The
"
pluck
been
have
A
A
of
"
Logan
for
plot of ground (Fig. 35)
G"
berries.
the
fruit
77
D
Standards.
J
"
"
A
plan
Strawberries.
H
"
berries.
Black-
Espaliers.
purpose
can
ground.
Currants.
"
enthusiastic
more
include
of
a
showing
how
a
large varietyof
How
different
complete
for
to
unnecessary
will
follow
opinion
the
eminent
nutritious,and
to
fail to
family cannot
great saving
of
many
those
the
the
to
jams
wholesome
making
be
means
of
chapter,it
true
nutritive
from
the
of the
the
highly
of
many
venture
we
of
the
'is the
growing
a
children, and
greatlyfeared
market
fruit.
have
not
should
view
In
that
company
ac-
of this
others,should
by
all
happy
to
point
the
medium
that
same
this is
trees, and, if he
is
trees
of
go
fullydealt
to
At
intention
instances
Plant.
that there should
happens
laudable
well
evil.
type demands
many
as
case
the
and
to
intended
will be
will be
economic
It often
fruit is
which
qualities
jam, by cottagers
it is not
strike the
To
is
on
have
again,there
to
It
added
in most
than
in the
present
is formed
planting,which
an
ripe
beneficial
be
encouraged.
Although
is
that
which
Distances
of
culture, we
parents.
at
and
whatever
the
be
the references
fruit
freelyadvertised,and
so
tedious
would
wholesome
more
of making jam,
possibility
a
of
freelybought. Then,
so
suppose
profitwhich
doctors
is far
patent foods
the
be
might
It
meant.
money
extension
an
of
is
conditions
It would
success.
what
that, apart from
all the
have
through the plan,for
go
clearly show
cases
each
yet
Garden
a
manage
fruits,and
necessary
and
to
are
not
with
out
be
a
succeeding
overcrowding
of the
economy
no
of
waste
room.
difficult.
with
plantedthicklyat first,
neglected,much
78
that
question
the
in
time
thinning out
could
into
but
later
to
the
on,
but
in
detriment
recognise it,to
the
dis-
of
Arrangement
advantage
of the
to
thin
to
militate
the
crop
relied
should
there
on,
practice of
of this
their need
trees
"
that
is
and
growth, of light,
but it is
they
quite as
can
use,
cultivate
any
every
the
way
apart
of the size
are
be
view.
that
fruit
to
2\
and
and
economic
which
on
2
loganberries,
79
i
to
which
on
2
6
trees,
feet.
8
to
to
they
given simply
are
currants),
5
feet ; tomatoes,
real distance
planted
feet; bush
20
than
.endanger in
The
system
be
may
wasteful,
practiceto
not
guide,and
a
of
approximate estimate
an
the
of
crowd
over-
land
more
does
trees.
by
and
(gooseberries
blackberries
2
to
freedom
most
Pyramids
10
of the
is wrong
"
spread
To
a
but
plant
to
extends.
them
measured
Figuresare
reason
fruit and
the
allow
become
well
small
to
foot
spare
apart; wall trees,
small
it is
and
they will
grown.
with
of sunshine
fruitfulness of the
only
can
land
deprive them
wasteful
be
gradually as
of the
to
no
planting closely at
with
intervening spaces
and
be
apples,pears, "c., remotely,
as
vegetables,eliminatingthese
the trees
promise
If the
it will
difficulty
trees, such
permanent
and
also.
against the
but in view
first,
more
grower's interest
be
can
Garden
Fruit
a
3
to
10
8
to
feet
30;
feet, raspberries,
feet ; strawberries,
VIII
CHAPTER
OF
VARIETIES
FRUIT
Apples.
Irish
Quarrenden,
DEVONSHIRE
Peach, Duchess
burgh, Cox's Orange Pippin,Ribston
Blenheim
Lord
Orange,
Keswick
of Olden-
Pippin,Lady Sudeley,
Codlin, Emperor
Alexander,
Derby, Betty Geeson, Bramley's Seedling.
Pears.
Doyenne
Bon
du
Cornice, Louise
of
Jargonelle,Pitmaston
Chretien.
Louise, Beurre
Bonne
Diel, Souvenir
du
Jersey,William's
Duchess,
Marie
Congres.
Plums.
Coe's
Golden
Gage, Early
Drop, Czar, Victoria, Late
Prolific.
Peaches
Lord
Rivers, Green
Napier,
The
and
Nectarines.
Cardinal, Stanwick
Rivers, Bellegarde,Princess
of Wales.
Apricots.
Frogmore Early,Moor
Park, Large Early.
80
Elruge, Early
FIG. 36.
FIG.
Villa Garden.
Semi-detached
FIG. 38.
FIG.
Detached
A"
Lawn.
B"
Beds.
C"
37.
39.
Villa Garden.
Paths.
D"
8l
Shrubberies.
E"
Vegetables.
F
IX
CHAPTER
OF
MAKING
THE
of
Qualities
THERE
before
possess
their
sufficient
comfort
will
be
pleasure
be
must
whole
an
the
of
for
ground
of
the
giving
(Figs.
conditions
40
are
tree,
the
for
all
for
a
an
bank,
a
a
absent,
belt
and
given
are
how
83
of
place.
colour
to
show
may
the
Two
where
be
put
to
the
rockery,
be
to
the
out
with-
stupidity
outline.
they
from
a
a
there
course
may
poses,
purIn
but
shrubs,
of
walk,
a
practical
zigzag
devices
serpentine
41)
a
a
vious
Pre-
of
wandering
lending
of
the
idea
other
many
walk
take
securing
winding,
this
way
condition.
of
be
gives
purpose
and
sufficient
path
a
and
water,
width
should
reason,
A
concern.
the
reason
make
To
apparent
arm
walks
some
of
means
size
Unless
in
are
of
tion
construc-
economy.
to
the
to
apparent
some
straight line.
some
being
the
for
and
clean,
in
that
as
firm
weathers,
it in
of
fulfilled
be
which,
the
made
proportionate
ground
material
examine
been
whilst
should,
which
times
all
regard
keeping
has
mention
of
in
should
paths
have
to
attributes, they
now
the
all
all
at
tread
due
these
We
the
built
possess
walk, and
good
and
have
wanting.
which
considered
should
to
upkeep,
walks
be
can
path
A
width,
and
all
they
purpose.
dry, giving
Path.
a
special qualities
some
are
PATHS
put
in
sity
neces-
tions
illustrathese
in,
the
How
general
Where
"
to
effect
the strong
in
as
barrow
the
work
of
The
It is known
done
of
people
that
most
40.
operationsin
Walk
"
winding
G
FIG.
and
Water.
B"
for this
reason
41.
properly arranged
large
our
range
paths are
"
sway
carting and
be
would
C"
there
and
for
marking
out
the
making
of
without
reason.
winding
Grass.
can
be
formed.
before
be made.
Walk.
a
the walks
a
garden ;
Grass.
"
Reasons
Beds.
of choice
to
much
curving paths
"
Composition
first
FIG.
A"
where
supreme
place.
to
of the
one
be
must
have
must
utility
of
cause
clearly seen.
thus
being
systems
vegetable garden
altogetherout
is
both
of
Garden
a
manage
The
D"
no
a
walk.
Trees.
us
if
excuse
Now
in
walk
E."
may
they are
have
we
the
Shrubs.
material
be
a
not
fairly
of which
composed
of
The
gravel,loose gravel,ashes, concrete,
hard
will endeavour
each.
judiciousadmixture
that
there
is
becomes
one
throughout
the
house,
for every
time
rotting the path.
must
be
of the
path, for
liberal
proportionof
is in most
sand
which
with
is
the
many
such
a
and
matter;
here
and
well-formed
As
think
if
to
I
think
often
seen,
the
kicked
not
only
they easilyswept
on
to the grass
is within
is
?
no
grass
that
abundantly
in
testified
privategardens
two
walk, which
the
Loose
does
Are
not
They
are
the stones
into contact
not
well-formed
palm
for perfection
gravel walks
springingup
pretty.
the
opinionson
large mansions,
now
85
the
on
of practicability
the range
bear
others.
to come
far too
a
justsufficient
thoroughly
a
must
around
villa residences
not
making
the
lose its firmness
be
can
with
They usuallylook
towns.
are
compared
and
pleasure of walking upon
the
there
have
found
except the
we
us,
walks
in
hard, firm walk, such
must
dispute,as
well-keptfirm gravelpath
around
But
all
large
wrong,
with
sold
a
not
path
a
fault,however, does
Now
a
trampled
makes
course,
often
it,and
it,
the walk
is
responsiblefor
one
sand.
such
beyond
concern
when
are
the
bind
to
That
path, I
The
the ideal one,
public parks.
and
is, of
This
pens
hap-
place, besides
the
on
gravel is
the
cases
firstshower.
by
one
speedilyremedied.
always lie directlywith
as
which
lawns, and
the
over
as
to bind
weather
during wet
result that
long
as
is necessary
layerof thick,stickymud,
of work
increase
than
the
by
well,but it often
all is
sand
formed
stone, and
the
to
used
more
with the disastrous
gravel is
Hard
of sand
rightproportion is
We
asphalt.
or
the specialadvantages
impartially
lay down
to
possessed by
the
of Paths
Making
but
even
about
our
easilyhoed.
likelyto
with the
mower
be
How
to
manage
scythe?
Are
they
the
or
with
; those
young
they not
considered.
this form
then
by
it,and
among
look well, all the
To
through
enough
inch
an
to
a
walk
in any
reallyneeded,
the need
for
expense,
it need
to
on
pass
since it is
it is termed.
All roads
acquaintance with
notice
the
fact.
are
useful,and
do
of the scenery.
such
not
In
walks
roads
appreciated,since they are
value
is
of
a
path
a
be
always
shower, and
judged.
should
exist ; for
during
should
a
We
that
storm
clearly
so
militate
walks
a
a
the
they
naturalness
tion,
men-
thoroughly
are
is
if
I could
dry
tests
such
will
longer
a
not
and
such
there
heavy
86
clean
much
artificiality
fail to
we
formed
by
When
essential
well-nighabsolutely
where
cases
great prejudice
a
concrete
well
is
asphalt and
of
publicparks which
having been
after
in
glaringlydestroythe
some
walk
good
a
of their
itself
artificiality
too
small
making
artificial,
only with
againstthe adoptionof asphaltand
are
for the
merits
account
macadamised
The
no
passed
be
attention.
our
of the
on
be
to
sufficient to warrant
undoubtedly
againstthese walks,mainly
as
used
only employed
engage
is
lurks
little should
never
the consideration
There
it
case
quarter-inchone.
a
is not
here
not
walks.
concrete
of
walk
for
overruled,
there
able
be
very
simple,are
good
a
things
In this
part of the grounds where
and
Do
be
gravelwalk.
gravel should
sieve, but
and
feet ?
sound.
drainage is sufficiently
the
the meshes
pass
Ashes, pure
of
that
and
These
boots ?
gravel be clean, that
the
for old
sound
with
objectionscan
loose
a
upon
strong likingis entertained
a
these
have
means
is essential that
sand
those
and
If
walk, and
of
all
walk
to
easy
quickly destroy the
more
be
must
tender
Garden
a
even
mediately
im-
should
the
deep slope it
form
of walk
gravel will
be
The
washed
down,
labour.
in
road
be
thereby
also
does
gravel is
dry
think,outweigh
not, I
this
subject I
themselves
and
much
; and
having
the walk
the
pointed
to
myself practically
used
should
but
will
their
description of
a
for
advantages
walks, I
of
on
judge
the
forms
point
would
expense
out
the
against
advantages ;
readers
various
that
at
be
cannot
increased
now
only
shower, and
a
additional
The
the
noticed, not
road-sides,that
or
prefer that
disadvantages of
address
rot,
arguments
walks.
concrete
unnecessary
quickly after
up
likelyto
objectionable.Such
asphaltand
endless
along country
not
there
entail
it is often
also
trees
but
walk
or
the
and
Beneath
gardens
of Paths
Making
formation.
The
Knowing,
towards
be
as
the
how
see
Construction
we
ends
these
dealt
with
construction.
In
to
take
out
soil,where
wet
the
Now,
marked
limits
material,and
I
should
taken
the
soil it will not
form
outline
to
should
feet.
two
has
also the
the
soil
for besides
advantage
of
the
that
be
be
walk
made
When
necessary
to
quite
the
there
is
two
keeping
skirtingthe path.
When
87
drier
the
a
it.
being clearly
a
depth
serious
feet of
some
bottom
of
plenty of
thoroughly drainingthe
of
in
as
to
is not
to
of
impossiblewithout
of labour
expense
certainlyadvise
out;
be
us
method
the
foundation
the
go
class of soil
The
with
do
drainagewould
and
it behoves
attained.
to
soil to
out, excavation
eighteen inches
be
much
dry
a
qualitiesshould
good walk,
a
to
are
has
much
so
of
Walk.
a
do, what
now
make-up
of
item,
soil be
path, it
at
least of
has
been
How
beaten
to
hard
and
be laid in.
they are,
the
Pipes
glass,and
a
in.
the
former
level
cricket
is
used
top of
the
on
These
been
path, but
a
lime
rubble,if
there
well
rammed,
and
be
fine,but
inch
an
before
should
to
With
and
a
the
pronounced
sectional
should
be
put
put
too
the
walk, should
to
make
walking
poured
sides; but
of
if
dry,and
88
coarse
nor
meshes
Of
of
course
height of
in
no
the curvature
is shown
the
face
be
In
what
is
the
case,
uncomfortable.
form
over
final
just sufficient
be
small
the
be
face of the walk
more.
a
some
sand, either
no
in
of the
of this
should
the
appearance,
that
the
like that
on
some
The
off the water, but
When
be
also
neither
be
plan given (Figs.42-44)
really meant.
water
to
with
as
is found
as
be scattered
walk, the greater must
compared
Some
it may
afterwards.
or
convex
slightly
not
certainly
the
this may
this.
six inches
remains
should
pitch,
About
This
may
let it
such
not
work
the
to
When
sort, almost
about.
about
to
down.
two
"
crockery,
broken
capable of passing through
it is put down
present
be
or
coarser
among
it then
adequately throw
centre
so
all
sieve.
the wider
a
any
dressingof gravel,which
too
of
public highways.
be put down, and
should
broken
as
should
be obtained
then
walk,
of the
downright necessityfor
no
but when
rubbish, clinkers,
mortar
week
a
should
sloping towards
nearly reached,
left for
good gravelshould
the
walk
of the
ball,and well rammed
has
be
although there
shape,
convex
the centre
substances,such
be thrown
size of
at
bottom
all hard
advantage
or
be necessary,
not
may
Brickbats, stones,
the
with
concave
be put down
side,the
pipes.
"c., may
or
may
should
row
each
at
or
a
a
positionthe pipes will take, these
the
accordingto
of
made
Garden
a
manage
is
made,
the roller put
on.
The
This
daily repeated until
be
should
of Paths
Making
firm
good
a
surface
results.
like process
The
walk, with
concrete
put
walk
the
at
on
part, slaked
instead
parts, and
two
Badly
42.
Too
be
the
spread
over
and
then
over,
a
make
good
with
a
into
a
along
walk.
due
FIG.
44."
Fine
gravel.
whole
the
A
Or
drainage
below.
a
down,
inches
To
curved.
of cement
path
cut
should
some
sand
then
strewn
of this should
and
to
This
be obtained
gravelmay
the
43.
gravel.
mortar.
Drain-pipeswill
of
boiling
Brickbats.
Three
small
ashes, one
walk.
Coarse
"
walk, beaten
proportion
side
B
are
good
A
sufficient
FIG.
paths.
well-made
into
rolled.
concrete.
the
adding
coal
Too
C"
to
made
materials
gravel.
small
flat.
A"
tar
of the
asphaltand
an
these
by procuring clean-sifted
lime,
FIG.
making
exceptionthat
the
top
be made
can
in
is necessary
lime
have
take
sidingsand
to
the
to
be
and
be
holes
in
mixed
formed
put
water
make
down
to
the
the
turf
CHAPTER
X
MAKING
MakingTHERE
turfs
down
laying
methods
two
If
using
and
expense,
in
thus
let
turf
seed-sowing
work
upon.
ground
be
The
first
is drained.
If
In
performed.
the
nearer
In
inches
the
from
is
drainage
work
to
to
the
not
depth
lumps
to
soils
of
and
to
case
should
they
Let
us,
there
is
making
hollows.
is to
that
inches
foot.
the
soil
It
work
if
should
less
trench
an
is
a
good
91
plan
to
than
be
in
a
eighteen
the
that
ground
in any
eye
work
once
important
and
level, by freeing the
to
to
presume
and
possible,
at
than
another
new.
the
need
other,
still
work
a
blanche
will
be
it,
lawn
whether
however,
dig
this
In
is
each
nearer
on
carte
drains
and
eighteen
one
the
for
old
an
vigour
that
small
at
disadvantage
of
consider
to
by
got
wait
to
a
these
ments.
require-
be
The
speak,
then
not,
completed;
than
and
thing
the
required
renewed
to
of
on
by
"
can
defects
the
so
surface.
perform,
less
kept
no
is
sown.
gain
heavy
surface,
lighter soil.
that
have,
we
it
patience
be
seed
and
implanted,
With
sufficient
is,
entirely
lawn
lawn
a
Which
quickly,
good
a
forming
seed.
depends
wanted
is
means
down
laying
are
if
there
all
by
is
but
turfs;
then
better
lawn
a
of
ways
by sowing
and
is the
Lawn.
a
different
two
are
LAWN
A
should
surface
among
case
be
from
the
How
soil
to
heavy,
good quantityof
to a uniform
When
to
be
make
made
levelled in this way
When
that
ascertain
whether
the
careful
results.
use
feet
ten
A
straight-edge).
the
this ; and
on
which
is
first.
With
to
in the
level,we
and
then
do
such
centre
a
in
of the
tube.
let the board
in like manner,
of
need
other
ordinary
equal
to
rest
on
drive
and
the
called
a
end
of
one
out
of
another
the
second
are
stake
the level of the
pegs,
the
of the
two
until there
92
the
on
These
inches
stood, thin edge upward,
that the bubble
depth
To
use
scale
inches
is driven
end
board
of the
in at
nine
or
in the middle,
spirit-level
down
only by
thick, four
is driven
peg
at its other
ends
raked
then
large
a
inch
approximatelysupposed
the
done
used, but
one
is
straight-edge
The
and
long, is procured (commonly
thick
When
perfectlylevel.
be
be
lawn, leaving perhaps six
ground.
impossible
will giveequallygood
spirit-level
board
of
is
simple as scarcelyto
so
would
of the
rake, for
lawn, it is especially
made
can
so
the
spade.
a
down
On
spirit-level.
a
piece
A
wide, and
the
be
ground
expensive instruments
a
be, it
with
surface
the
of
means
croquet
a
this is
and
explanation)
be.
digging may
borningrods (which are
cases
by
let it be trodden
making
desirable
the
level
a
be
digging must
completed
even
ground sufficiently
the
again.
been
the
good
how
matter
that may
digging has
further
The
;
disposing of
itself of
ashes.
depth, whatever
the
should
sifted coal
weeds
free from
good loam,
some
possible,
porated,
incor-
be
soil should
heavy
a
if
soil,and
leaf
some
opportunityhere presents
an
no
With
lime.
some
when
and
and
well-decayedmanure
some
Garden
a
manage
place
second
peg
level
spirit
now
pegs
and
we
a
is
being
third peg
sufficient pegs
to
Making
guide
is then
level of the lawn
The
us.
Lawn
a
below
four,or six inches
lawn, the pegs
to the
as
be withdrawn
may
as
top of the peg.
the
satisfaction is assured
and
taken
When
pleted
com-
levelness
driven
or
two,
one,
of the
deeplydown.
(See Fig.45).
We
the work
Let
is the
is
Turf
foot
one
wide, and
well
pieces,three
45.
A
feet
long,
is rolled
the turf has
and
be any
up.
been
in
great difficulty
lawn.
Levellinga
"
This
deep.
likelyto
FIG.
sown.
into
thoroughlylevel
is not
cut, there
be
seed
or
point
question of turf-laying.
inches
two
is made
If the lawn
cut
this
to
the
all consider
usuallyprocured
Up
turf be laid
whether
same
first of
us
dividing line.
the
to
come
now
Spirit-level
"
.
laying it
surface
is to
so
down.
should
be
as
This
down
firmed
to afterwards
render
should
be
the
then
inner
together,and
some
soil
avoid
even
beaten
mentioned
in
(ina
they
barrow
work
that
weather, the work
raked, and
possibleto
that
the
may
close
cut
next
keep
to
be
be
inequalities.This
proceeds.
during
should
very
not
93
the
wanting
by) should
clean
a
afterwards
Proceed
taking care
part,
when
it
beaten.
the smallest
as
and
mentioned
the
work
along the outside,allowingit to overlap
turf
lay some
alreadybeen
It has
in
verge.
to
lay
turfs close
thickness,
put beneath, to
also
should
be
It should
incidentallybe
dry,
wet,
be
very
or
undertaken, or
frosty
it
can
How
hardly be
to
expected
turfs have
loam
with
well
between
spaces
be
in
it is
seedsman
and
to him
the
makes
clearlywhat
computed
two
be
It should
be
afterwards
deemed
for
When
the
inches, it should
the
be
first
season
preference to
the
grass before
mowing
all
it has
be made
act
grass.
that
seed, besides
the
For
made
nature
with
a
to
then
forward
will
on
From
mild
a
lawn-mower,
the
end
be
put
dry
which
over
weather
wateringit
94
of
three
to
sary.
neces-
day
and
as
are
is
apt
if the
ensue
time
March.
four
or
out
through-
the
use
gained sufficient root-hold.
should
one
best
The
height of
it is advisable
a
soil,and
sharp scythe,and
a
this
of the
sufficient.
about
for
seeds, explaining
grass
off birds.
to
grown
good
peculiarly
adapted
broadcast
"
top-
a
quantityusuallyfound
spring
cut
for
as
given is
that
and
warding
the roller should
suitable,and
should
for
has
in
filling
such
in, taking precautions,
is in the
grass
surface,
besides
He
suitable
sown
the
be
application
sown.
some
passed
soil.
particular
that
is the
rolled
necessary,
sowing
the
be
to be
per rod
pounds
also
the
required,
to
area-
is estimated
what
is
get
soil both
also
to be
of
speciality
a
to
over
that
also be
stronglyurged
who
all the
of the
reinvigoration
should
itself,
particularpurpose
reason
to
the
It is essential
sown.
beinggood
the
scatter
important piece of advice
An
leaf
and
turfs,it may
the
When
good plan
a
rake, so
a
dressingto help forward
seed
it is
sieve,and
half-inch
a
dispersingit
the
fine
of
successful.
prove
laid down
been
soil,composed
through
to
Garden
a
manage
scythe
to
tear
in
the
After each
weather
some
is at
means
Making
and
Mowing
perfectionof
the
For
is
machine
Rolling.
and
for it is patent
quickly destroy
machine
bad
a
its
beauty
will tear
and
its
bad,
it is the
as
fault of the
condition.
proper
If
oiled, is
is seldom
stones, sticks,and
it will bear
likelythat
pullingit
and
to
have
to
Sticks
the
mower
night
not
machine
care
is
should
is put
upon
rust.
in
not
oiled,and
not
to lose
Mowing
on
stones
well
be
During
the
it should
the
should
be
made
will
cut
setting
of
impossible
satisfactorily.
and
away
at
oiled,so
that
when
the
season
taken
before
grass
being put
winter
the
apart, each
piece
screws.
early in
started
autumn.
biting
separately,taking particular
away
the bolts and
be
of
off the
when
be
up.
exigenciesof
cleaned
should
use
broken
it will be
swept
it ; and
stored
should
into
be
ditions
con-
danger
it will work
that
guarantee
machine
the
it may
well
thoroughly understood,
any
and
the
to
all
at
such
method
proper
lower, according
and
be
moment,
until the
over
run
shoe-platethat they
the
a
wet,
is not
quicklybe
without
down
so
when
under
roots, its knives
the
point,and
at any
higher
by
up
closely to
so
pass
paper
it
low
fairly
the grass
cut
will
and
is not
is
and
strain,and
the
lawn
keepingit in
rubbish, it
of
strongest machine
the
To
all sorts
way
becomes
is put away
properly set,
not
a
any
machine
a
in not
owner
machine
a
in
up
done
advisedly,
utility.It
that
often the fault of the manufacturer
be
"
experienceis
good
a
should
machine
epithet good
all whose
to
that
"
the
use
with
lawn, mowing
a
absolutely necessary,
frequently. I
extended
Lawn
a
Avoid
95
the
also
year,
and
cuttingthe
kept
grass
How
it is
when
to
It is all very well
wet.
scythe when
the dew
machine,
any
as
To
work
the
heightof
and
end,
There
as
the
season,
the
grass
is often
the
or
taken
If the grass is left
may
but
and
adduce
fortnightor
a
collected.
skirtingwalks, beds,
allowed
to
become
and
spoilt,
border.
once
for
weeds
The
or
borders, should
mowing
mowing
the
will
the
requirealso
year, and
and
it in
This
in
that
is not
lawn, which
condition
so
by
measure
before
long
is
Hence
regularly
be
not
left,
should
be
clipped.
is very
quickly
in the
path
at
straight
resultingmay
If
or
least
be used
be
done
lawn
is
after
shower.
Lawn.
making
to
which
difficult
the
be cut
to
Rolling should
every
importance
verge
soil
the
Cleaning" a
Next
either way.
the verges, whether
abound
more
box.
individual
the grass
more
each
potting purposes.
every
should
At
overgrown
verges
during the
the grass
why
lawn
grass
the
some
become
that ifthe
principle
reason
if neglected
for
be
certainly
cut
the lawn.
left,it will disfigure
then
no
to
rapidly.
in
advantage
allowed
when
the
away
in
beginning
so
grow
it will afford
the lawn
on
week
a
on
primarily
decided
very
the safe
there is
mown
no
whilst
being cut,
we
that it depends
is
taste, for there
lawn
a
the
whether
on
with
act
once
in
then
not
to
be answered
manure,
does
a
speedilydiscover.
less often
as
It may
of
but
grass with
not
least
at
argument
be
left
cut
to
an
should
the
cut
it would
working
it well it is better
to
it,but it would
is upon
one
Garden
a
manage
as
it
the
a
good
enjoyed
work
ordinary means
96
of
on
keeping
completion.
cleaning a
of weed
bad
eradication
Making
is
work
a
difficult
almost
to
The
set.
get rid of.
rake
iron
an
idea after most
drainage,and
applied
in
if the
of the
gardener
weeds
difficult to
There
"c.
these
prepared
the
cases
always be
the
and
growth
destroy
exist
weeds, but
it
plans
is to
over
of carbolic
other
into
go
the
weed, and
roots.
acid.
Cut
then
drop
Usually
and
this is effected
soil
or
this
97
removed
with
should
the labour
other
Among
moss.
of
spared.
be
way
wood-
of want
remedy
between
contrivances
armed
off the
a
the
with
a
and
pulling
by
no
safest of all
knife
and
a
top of the plantain
little of the
will
for
labour
Perhaps
lawn
closely
are
been
any
much
means
the
far
as
daisies,plantains,thistles,
are
patent
some
of
off
indication
battle
a
most
has
proper
in
can
expense
proportionatesuccess.
means
or
such
there will
Otherwise
bottle
moss,
Moss, however, is usuallyan
ashes.
raked
teeth
moss
the
with
by top-dressing
liberally
up
be
whose
of the
is the
moss
It should
is to get the grass to outgrow
be
The
superhuman.
possiblewith
as
Lawn
a
have
carbolic
the
acid
effect
G
of
CHAPTER
THE
Of
MAKING
The
have
WE
beds
already
relation
should
conception,
have
been
furnish
which
fast
rule
taste
of
is
there
asserted
be
the
intricate
one
be
avoided
and
50.
it
may
It
51
to
to
ground.
be
it
forming
well
from
beds
also
of
the
to
special
hard
no
and
for
it then
be
to
Let
is
invariably
would
angles
in
work
an
is meant
to
Figs. 48,
figure
the
shapes.
so
in
time
to
what
three
of
or
more
take
of
more
skilfullyworked-
occupy
different
the
right channels,
of
give
Let
the
and
the
to
case.
of
error.
idea
Some
than
guide
outline
would
gleaned
be
the
for
than
paper
might
for
into
multitude
it
of
that
pains
more
desirable
it is
flower
geometric
paper
question
conceived
a
that
the
on
employed
have
nature
a
but
simple
easy
ingeniously
committing
easier
an
on
Obviously
opportunity
which
plans,
the
grower
abundant
that
plan
take.
down,
amateur
than
the
to
should
laid
of any
show
to
as
the
other, yet
each
special exigencies
the
beds
can
outcome
down
set
although
that
direct
the
BORDERS
Beds.
to
ourselves
that
pleasing
out
suit
to
the
relation
apparent
to
address
shape
be
so
taken
one
now
us
or
of
(page 49)
some
not
AND
BEDS
Shape
seen
bear
should
XI
49,
method
(See Figs.
62.)
There
is
perhaps
no
more
pleasing shape
99
for
a
bed
than
How
the
oval.
largerarea
FIG.
to
It has
without
the
full grace
taking away
FIG.
48.
Bad
difficulties of
known
to
some
it all necessary
utility.That
beauty
"
and
utilityand
of the
the
ease
but gives a
circle,
of
planting. The
FIG.
50.
designs.
of
will
readers,who
$1-62.
Garden
49.
bed
plantinga
FIGS.
a
manage
Good
a
irregularoutline
one
appreciate
designs for
good
beauty
deal
are
must
be
that has in
beds.
of
common-sense
is
antagonistic
an
The
of Beds
Making
exploded theory,and
be
can
any
department
of the
beds
are
of
yesterday.
We
man
saturated
it
as
ornamental
education, but
Nature
the
in
lacking.
in
imitation
Even
admire
fail
admire
of
which
they
themselves, for that is absorbed
by
This
combination.
The
Having
is as
Practical
that the
seen
gracefuland useful,we
itself.
be
dug
of
unsuitable
to
the bottom
of
broken
plenty
of
depth
a
of
digginga
we
with
Some
it were,
as
invite,
that
render
other
With
dug, amounting
to
fear of such
a
no
the soil which
the
good
may
the
urge
if it is
in
its very
be
taken
soil
quantityof
will contain
the
and
manure,
that
by
roots
thus
from
of soil taken
water
after
composed
drainagewater
depth
the
ated
incorpor-
but
;
quitetwo-and-a-half
101
to
simply to
soil
and
once
eighteeninches,and,
dug, filled up
and
to
or
at
suited
culture,it should
less than
surroundingland.
be
manure
turf, half-decayed leaves, horse
hole
their
formation
questionof
uncongenial nature,
the
should
the
to
be
should
surroundinglevel
grittymaterial.
plants
be.
occupants, it will need
the
not
the
of
regularity
of the bed
for flower
has been
not
sadly
so
carpet-bedding
and
good quality,
sufficient
cold, damp,
a
essence
out
and
raise it above
to
turn
of its future
over,
shape
their ideas of
beauty of
the
an
of Formation.
Part
soil is of
If the
necessities
it should
scroll
genius of
were
on
gaze
the
lating
re-
conceptionsof
cannot
admire
to
the
we
we
as
famous
therein
all the
to-day, when
parks,we
our
The
garden.
with
was
Borders
longer maintained
no
to
and
out
feet,there
flowingin
so
wet
as
as
will
How
disease
engender
If the
after
whole
the
the
down
turf
enable
and
cutting
again
piece
has
been
limit
of
which
such
a
well
to
slope
exhibited
unless
is, either
that
it
flat
the
at
or
surface
raised
to
course
the
is
factorily,
satis-
cannot
is
without
angle
a
bed
it
water
bed
show
to
is of
the
of
suitable
a
begun
Carpet-bedding
it.
verge
has
that
difficult
very
of
it tends
so
bed,
the
beds
There
lay
to
work
grass
as
exceeded,
easily plant
to
even
level,
beds
the
of
have
to
advantage.
find
make
to
as
better
surrounding
greater
the
it
made
then
edge
This
until
usually
sometimes
we
or
be
the
beyond
its occupants
off
is
It
the
soil.
of
and
the
that
be
to
shape
cut.
undertaken
be
is
sticky
a
over,
overlap
be
it
both
the
dug
to
verge
not
grow.
somewhat
it will
that
in
have
roughly
clean
a
bed
flower
out
so
should
to
the
than
loose
a
certain
and
;
mark
to
necessary
in
better
and
lawn
death
Garden
a
manage
and
will thrive
plants
is
to
even
"
being
rounded.
Borders
The
boundary
given
edging,
or
soil
or
loosen
be
so
it.
set
out,
is
the
not
and
that
making
first, and
out
grass
individual
down
in
process
marked
taken
there
suits
whatever
same
be
must
where
it should
not
the
require
fresh
it
be
may
a
stones,
and
close
beds.
do
good
in.
Whatever
taste.
deep
put
as
As
ing
trenchto
the
tiles, box,
it
may
digging
be
will
CHAPTER
XII
FORMING
by
JUDGING
what
exists
merely
a
it
Neither
of
they
acted
are
up
habitat
are
of
style
to
view
the
and
rockery,
must
Obviously
mimicry
of
nature,
give
to
the
be
not
a
mere
if
a
in
rocks
of
sacrificed
pile of
to
of
to
be
103
the
on
plants
any
stones,
admired
the
define
for
their
and
; and
informal
be
must
work
unless
the
natural
stones
other
our
right
the
pleasing picturesque
needs
is little
strengthen
which
among
the
gardener.
is intended
and
a
have
of
scorner
attempt
may
plants
reading,
enthusiastic
we
that
would
by propagation
plants
well
a
now
an
nature,
those
do
to
endeavouring
whilst
of
little
losses, and
rockery,
in imitation
found
into
empire
A
perfect growth
more
"
these
our
knowledge.
of
it, is put
in
bear
extend
and
is
that
man
the
that
expressed
A
stones.
happens
right direction,
the
pleasures
however
must
forces
a
of human
purest
in
large
it often
disgust.
being
for
many
is
wonder
end
sought
transformed
kind
and
by
it
whilst
between,
thrown
but
think
Many
topped
is correct,
views
upon,
soil
of
mass
be.
soil
with
misapprehension
great
a
what
especially by
more
should
rockery
stones
a
and
that
evident
flourish, the
not
We
say,
a
these
little advice
"
people
of
mass
think
others
do
a
what
to
as
is.
Rockery
What
do, it is very
they
ROCKERY
A
kept
tion.
consideraof
we
man
in
admit
How
to
the beauties
ruggedness
utmost
the
argue
all
the
Now
it is
with
great usefulness,but
point as
readers to those
they will
by givingevery opportunityfor
of nature
plantsto. succeed.
forms,and,
which
remarks
to small
feature
well
as
to Make
to
"
are
am
have
a
glad
small
than
lower
to
say,
form
of
for
the
bricks and
saw
regularoutline
the
with the idea of
carriagedrive;
and
useless
observation,or
This
wayside for
rockery.
Of
the
course
pleasing.Only recently
and
have
must
forming
ornamental
admires
whoever
often
givea globularappearance,
the
plants,and
the
a
feature
such
artistic
in-
an
small
powers
of exercising
them.
opportunities
spare
We
top of the
on
in this way
arrangement
called.
lookingwell,but
one
making an
applieslikewise
remark
properlyso
but
is
path
interests of the
true
of it
not
piledup
stones
of
built without
being left for
is then
generalappearance
suburban
the
When
piledup
stones
pleasing
a
our
reasons
the
chance
sufficient space
without
other
the
see
apply
some
rockery skirting
some
with
plantsin view, there is every
sometimes
in
seen
to
it is
Now
surroundingground.
the
and
regard to formality,
any
intended
givenare
now
when
walks, especially
the
of
of
success
It.
largerockeries.
to
as
I
often,
"
gardens
to
in
plants.
The
I
direct
of rock-work
the remarkable
observe
than
73, where
page
variations
and
possibilities
How
we
on
the
the
rather
would
question I
mentioned
have
moreover,
combine
to
quitepossible
abstract
an
placesI
the
see
Garden
a
manage
and
to
see
the
piledup
stones
are
like
a
heap
repairof
the
highway
there
be
the
can
104
of rockeries
making
other
so
as
of stones
rather
than
to
by
a
extreme, viz.,
Forming
stones
set
of
formed
at
the most
retainingsoil
of
absurd
forthwith.
It behoves
Figs. 63
them,
of all kinds
good rockery should
a
angles,and
between
fancy stones
suitable.
nature
how
out
Rockery
a
and
wholly incapable
perhaps they are
or
which
in their
not
are
us,
however, to pointout
be
made, and
64
will
we
given showing
are
rather
proceed
the
faults
recentlycomplained of.
in
As
operationsconnected
most
first essential is that the land
the nature
cases
FIG.
Not
first than
Bad
63.
only be remedied
necessary
the
soil
stones
not
heavy
six
the
neglect later
water
inches
again
in this
it,take
for the
retain
stones
the
get them
purpose
are
moisture
near
may
the
not
to
the
can
out
point,
rubble, "c.,
Procure
top.
at
put in
lowest
of stones, brick
the
on
it
when
on,
the
to
it
drain
to
drain
To
away
of all sizes and
and
it is better
quite eighteen inches,and
of
suitable
sufficiently
absorb
work
any
some
formation.
the
procured locally. Igneous
do
with
greater expense.
carry
lay in quite
putting
Stones
at
depth
a
drain-pipesto
then
it is
when
suffer from
to
away
In
soil.
; but
the soil for
rock
garden making,the
properlydrained.
of the soil does
enough
connection
be
with
then
at
the
hand.
usuallybe
best, for they
extent
of
a
Forming
work
Stones
proceeds.
plenty of ledges
and
grown,
arrangement
soil from
being
is meant
what
diagrams
two
spaces
for
the
be
numerous;
too
FIG.
should
to
visit
best
rock
massive
growth
is
to
up
small
four
or
with
smaller
appearance,
of
have
that
example
Large stratified
of three
propped
a
numerous
plentyof
but
not
patchwork
66.
inches
possiblybe given
can
where
of
over
between,
stones, will
plants.
space, and
107
their
another
with
the
by being
made
not
most
properly
with
stood
one
will be
is almost
there
rock-work
stones
placed
varieties of
root
or
formation.
advice
tops slopinginward, and
space
meaning
should
avoid
means
given
pockets
size,but
neighbouringpark
some
constructed.
The
FIG.
some
be
to
sure
all
by
lower
here
I have
66).
in
vary
Good
is
the
to
will,I hope, explain my
and
The
plants
explainby writing
to
figureit,so
and
are
prevent the
to
upper
65.
appearance.
that there
put and
made
difficult
to
which
plants
be
can
from
clearly(see Figs. 65
more
a
soil
be
more
than
placed
so
should
washed
is far
It
parts.
be
must
which
on
Rockery
a
only
suitable
The
form
for
a
the
great idea
surface
soil may
How
with
to
the purpose
of
placingof
the
those
those
that
an
"
which
like
which
those
It
down.
droop
be
to
as
in
placed
upwards,
grow
will
such
be
understood
rockery will
a
and
water,
proximity to
close
for
cater
like sunshine,
copious supplies of
need
therefore
which
those
alpineplants
weather
should
it for
over
possibleto
be
artificial construction
dry
strewn
stones
it should
stones
loving shade,
and
smaller
diminishingthe evaporation. By judicious
all varieties of
in
have
advantage
Garden
a
manage
that
important element.
Gardens.
Wall
It is not
intention
my
subject,although
it is
like
attention
they
call
to
have
the
here
going
or
labour.
Wall
elaborate,but
been
old
some
of
noticed
walls
we
plants growing
prominently in
their
any
gardens
could
is not
find
some
in the
in
rural rambles
in
readers
have
seen
also
if these
many
nourishment
will
what
108
we
very
that
in
in
figure
Wallflowers
increase
would
made
It will have
dry mortar,
existence,but
of
interestingspecimens
Now
the
fear
country travels
mortar.
this category.
very
in money
be
course
very
dry
a
much
intended.
here
their floriferousness if better
Most
fact that
the
to
without
of
this
on
interest,but I should
great expense
in their
many
profusely,surely they
them.
great space
amateurs
without
sufficient nourishment
maintain
of
garden
that
by
of great
one
their
to
and
wrong,
any
grand opportunityof adding
a
pleasingfeature
spend
to
the
might
plants find
only
not
their
vigour and
were
course
call
flower
to
cases
to
stone
afforded
of
their
hedges.
Forming
exist in
They
parts of
many
but perhaps
plentiful,
is Cornwall.
Here
districts
the
these
stones, but
the
cases
suit
our
are
providedthey are
fair
that
ferns and
of
the
stood
do
be
weather.
ro9
to
some
built.
bind
some
would
stone
not
do
in ; and
them
For
grown.
often
would
left between
givingevery
well,it will need
duringdry
frequently
of
In
this
them
to
be well bedded
to
be
plants may
hedge
between.
kind
any
In
is used
upright,but
keeping it fresh,and
plantsto
mortar
worked
soil should
other
best
the
no
largeenough
of
amount
fences
Almost
purpose.
for
in all parts, and
for
is
stone
picturesquelybuilt.
merely soil
stones
where
noted
most
them
offered
stone
England
county
find
we
prizes are
in
Now
a
the
only strongly but
not
Rockery
a
so
the purpose
opportunityfor
be watered
or
syringed
XIII
CHAPTER
CONSTRUCTION
GREENHOUSE
Value
The
THERE
perhaps,
are,
they
the
value
are,
I
of
very
to
is
there
in
having
indeed.
the
smallest,
is
outside, inasmuch
early
and
brought
without
Thus
get
tomatoes,
but
have
fruit
by
set
glass it
such
as
paid
be
so
whilst
other
on
laboured.
would
like
chief
interest
the
would
we
for ;
with
of
would
be
almost
they
time
they
impossible
often
admire,
a
even
also
were
a
that
presume
greenhouse,
in
centred
no
along
has
passed.
along,
bedding
they
lessen
dearly
ence
dependneed
have
a
whether
matter
the
vegetable
Form
and
or
and
plants,
were
our
all who
to
out
With-
out.
point, however,
This
will
We
unless
vantage
ad-
tions
opera-
got
grown
have
would
frame
growers.
to
is
impossible
planted
are
be
assists
frost
be
can
the
great
be
danger
it
The
can
after
it
glass
but
complaint
the
greatly
things
as
out
it
that
nise
recog-
fact, from
In
glass.
enough
not
greenhouse;
or
few
not
glass
would
who
people
conservatory
down
that
Greenhouse.
a
few
a
a
believe,
largest garden
always
of
the
not
garden
their
flower
garden.
The
Obviously,
the
means
of
Question
the
and
size
of
a
greenhouse
requirements
of
the
Size.
depends
owner.
solely
on
Beyond
Greenhouse
that
cannot
we
Now,
else.
choice.
for
go,
as
There
FIG.
67.
Lean
to.
the
to
form
better
is
there
FIG.
than
as
FIG.
Hip-roofed.
of
range
known
68.
one
any
large
a
principaltypes,
three
are
will
intending possessor
the
governing circumstances
these
know
Construction
the
69.
Span-roofed.
Greenhouses.
"lean-to," the
the
"span-roofed,"which
but
there
take
are
also
fantastic and
FIG.
modified
many
useless
Any
of
sedulouslyavoided,no
to
architectural
that
proper
forms,
shapes, such
these
tastes;
development
of
latter
shapes
much
they
for it is demonstrated
curvilinear roofs
are
not
plants as
in
72.
of houses.
how
matter
figured in
are
as
which
of
some
FIG.
forms
and
(Figs.67-69);
shown
FIG. 71.
70.
70-72.
here
are
Undesirable
Figs.
three-quarterspan,
"hip-roofed" or
so
should
appeal
may
by experience
favourable
in the
case
be
of
to
a
the
plain
How
to
roof.
even
down
Since, then,
the
to
consider
three
their
cultivation.
The
enjoyed by
the
against any
face
the
existingwall,
blank
of
amount
same
wall, the
their balance
and
span-roofed
for
beauty
his
do
acquainted with
be
and
manner
some
going
It is not
on.
it is
but
that
it is
better
the
work
being
done
shows
a
poses;
pur-
so
should
amateur
advised
trade
should
as
to
certainly
supervisein
himself
whether
he
full
to
who
the
be
to
one
are
what
honest,
dis-
suppose
for whom
quite capable
is anxious
pound's
in
builders
reasonable
put in when
that
thoroughly
he
suggested that
and
criticism,
intelligent
getting a
general
interest
intelligent
fair and
is
of
advantage in
it be
; but
details
an
the
by
were
certainlymore
will be
greater
that
work
the
take
for
thus
opportunity for
would
he
unless
undertake
qualifiedto
is
so,
being
Construction.
on
expected
course
way,
choice
this, the
a
plants.
greenhouse, nor
own
should
he
of the
not
one-sided
light,more
and
is
there
form
best
not
being merely
very
the
much
if it does
and
of
built
be
can
but
a
of
more
Remarks
of
in
of
is also
is thus
back
the
grow
sunshine,
Some
build
and
light,
to
us
purposes
it
cost
warmer;
is about
have
ventilation,more
It is not
the
perfect symmetry
structure
off the
in that
when
much
narrowed
advantage which
an
consideration
we
general
this account,
on
plants
In
destroyed.
showing
has
hip-roofedshape
windy quarter,
a
for
thus
it behoves
named,
value
lean-to
It is also
lessened.
first
relative
is
choice
the
forms
Garden
a
manage
worth
to
for
of
know
every
Greenhouse
We
shillingsexpended.
twenty
it is necessary
able
Construction
also
for
keep
to
greenhouse
a
the
out
it is
wind,
sufficiently
tight to
that,
and
ventilators
has
of
air from
either
and
useful, and
premises
a
men
are
built
so
circumstanced
better
to
what
reap
seek
must
without
they
to
be
can
taken
sort
with
the
to
in
put
brick
should
the wall is
be
the
no
the
should
a
case
is known
the
as
fixed
so
somewhat
lease
that
out
with-
house
of
acquainted
brick
and
wide
would
glass and
probably
walls.
the width of the wall.
be nine inches
be
would
amateur
foundations
the foundation
less),
wall
such
erectinga
Before
become
greenhouse
In
be
he
matter
respect.
be twice
to
this
expirationof
ground.
the
happier circumstances,
foundation
Over
at
that
deserves
man
what
to
holding
people probably
in
need
all
erectinggreenhouses,
to
A
with
have
it is certain
interest.
own
hot-water
man
constructinga
These
away
in that
law
of
is durable
opportunityas
of
hence
himself
content
it is better
this
have
his
fixture."
injuryto
In
method
prejudiceto
"tenant's
and
A
same
use
by
frost,we
themselves.
than
sows,
some
will have
he
a
he
the
ultimate
"c., for the
the
they object
that
up
taken
freehold, for
possessing a
person
be
out
not
of
large influx
a
greenhouse.
a
has
tenant
a
as
arrange
can
means
of
qualities
essential
the
great deal
a
If, then, the material
quarter.
otherwise,to keep
heating,or
to
as
the
large quantityof light
a
fixed
so
its
of
withstand
to
out
that
and
itself,
in
interest
the
keep
it admits
moreover,
in
recognise
dry
sufficiently
strong
that
it ;
be
to
wet
occupants,
and
all
must
Now, presuming
(and it should
be
The
tainly
cer-
eighteen inches.
wood-work
for
quite
Greenhouse
Construction
Heating:
Over
questionof heatinga greenhouse
the
ink
into its
has been
that
oil
and
fumes
the oil or
from
all
this
means
likewise
these
accomplished
antagonistic
not
are
thing is
With
get reliable apparatus,
to
and
is made.
be
gas cannot
regulation.
If,however, the
kept out
the
entirely
of the
house,
idea of this form
it will not
circumstances
the selection
of
sonally,
Per-
act.
heating by
receive
laudations that it is not
puzzled,and
Now,
known
if he
as
an
should
will take
are
often
In
fact,I
not
the
hot-
rudimentary
do
is to
are
so
many
their makers
host
a
the amateur
a
It is very easy
damper,
are, moreover,
conceive
a
more
"5
to
on
of
should
advice, he will choose
my
see
by conflicting
testimony.
torn
understood, and
cannot
There
from
be
few
first thing to
uprightboiler.
There
a
that
surprising
suitablyregulatedby
maintained.
down
suitable boiler.
a
which
market
the
jot
must
we
obviouslythe
and
principles,
if
is
degree
dear.
extravagantly
mistake
in such
must
within
well
properlytheir use
abandon
means
It is
system.
Here
feel
resolved
the maximum
however, I stronglyadvise
water
able
valu-
thermometer
keep
to
plants,nor
understand
to
the
means
the great
lamps
for
heating,
of
what
pointthe great
by
then
of the
growth
this
when
matter
another
little,
provided those
and
At
and
by
that
so
matters
to the
the
figureon
it is necessary
heat, and
bounds,
certain
a
minimum
represent the
gas
spilled.Yet
much
is very simple indeed.
elementary principles
understood
of
Greenhouse.
a
the
a
no
to
what
is
work, and,
steady heat
can
be
intricate flues,
which
settingis
very
suitable form
of
simple.
boiler
How
for
small
to
mixed
small, and
will be
ash box
aside
time
some
to
fuel
dusty
with
preciselyhow
ashes
as
P"
found
other
with
to
a
put
night
at
on
brightfire in
fire should
in the
free from
the
be
not
for
open
sulphur,
75.
of
V"
Pipes.
useful for
out
and
well weathered
Distribution
be
the
if put
FIG.
they will
coke
from
resulting
become
as
perience
ex-
regulatethe damper
yet have
useless, but
of
amount
well
as
to
much
how
Some
this
coke, broken
be
should
coal.
steady heat, and
a
The
morning.
thrown
needed
door, and
maintain
to
with
ascertain
to
boilers,
and
The
structures.
Garden
a
manage
a
pipes.
Valve.
varietyof
purposes,
such
as
"c.
plungingpots, puttingon stagings,
The
in
hot-water
be not
pipes should
diameter, if efficient working is
essential that the
supply tank
to
less than
be
four
inches
guaranteed.
(which should
if
It is
possiblebe
be higher than
the boiler and pipes,
automatically)
rise graduallyfrom the boiler to the
that the pipes should
air pipe; that the air pipe (which is better than a tap)
should be carried to a greater heightthan the supply tank ;
the return
at the
that the flow pipe be at the top, and
fed
bottom
have
of the boiler.
every
With
of an
possibility
these
essential
effective service.
116
conditions,we
Greenhouse
It is also
boiler twice
is
kept
been
thrice
here be
not
prepared to
year, and
a
put up
cold
growing and
be
killed
by
the
frame
and
that
they
then
be
can
thinks
who
be
wood
a
not
of
row
of water,
bricks,and
should
advise
when
in
To
why
reason
a
then
better
of moisture,and
preservation
should
up of
be
The
covered
bottom
with
the
coal
stout
placed on
frame
will
of
yearlycoat
over
which
ashes
the
for the
lightscoveringit
not
largepiecesof glass,
117
be
put
together
good
that the
a
agree.
workman
one
some
prevent this
is stood
way.
above
then
handy
should
dry spot, so
frame
long
deemed
not
and
put
that
set down
further
all the
air,shading,"c.,
any
not
cold
a
plants valued
of
will go
be made
in
conditions
the
on
paint
should
plantswill,
better
cheaply bought
capable
procured,and
a
greenhouses will
have
much
culture
no
I should
quicklyrot.
otherwise
would
their choicest
of
useful
most
readilysupplied with
be
be
can
greenhouse can
a
system of culture they do
can
himself
for himself.
who
in the way
proper
frames
together,there
those
many
them, but with whose
Although
be distributed
he will find them
dependent
for the
necessary
afford
to
months, do
summer
not
are
Even
they need
attention
has
Frames.
frames, and
frost.
where
simple diagram
a
preservingplantswhich
quickly discover
during
chimney
joiningthe pipes,"c.,
pipesshould
is unable
who
for
the
out
(Fig.75.)
man
some
of
the
Cold
Many
also that the
see
concerned, but
how
flush
to
necessary
the method
show
house.
througha
a
With
clean.
need
we
only useful but
not
or
Construction
innumerable
How
small
In
the
frames
entirely.They
the frames
of wood
pieces at
another
word
lessened,if
a
frame
these
are
boards
of
are
not
this may
not
up
boards
To
been
has
fermentation.
to
that is
danger
The
be
of frost may
sides of
wooden
againstits entrance,
frost is termed
put
need
let off foul air
"
lining ;
to
quiteone
keep
to
over
further
"
is the top
with
covered
This
necessary.
be
over
even
yet
even
all safe in the event
some
of
ot
frost,it is
fresh horse
manure
allayits rapid
exist for occasional
in the coldest
118
system
foot of straw, and
several times to
will then
and
considered,and
aid in the exclusion
in
but
so
stable
against them, putting in posts
turned
A
is yet
There
frames, and
to
same
by having earth,ashes, or
There
be
pieces
opening is,
that the
quarter.
the
a bad
altogether
plan to put
which
way
sufficient guarantee
reinforced
of
means
tilt
to
are
by putting these
not
well
strong wind.
by
altogetheraverted.
secure.
and
mats
front
leeward
support these if deemed
to
methods
a
which
and
alternately
up
other
not
protectionfrom
we
in such
by
means
banked
manure
and
be drawn
apply only during the
be said in reference
to
be
must
lights
may
tilt them
to
side,and
one
indicate the
to
or
speak, facing the
to
so
stones,
or
the
slid
The
back
at
alternately
ventilated in several
can
ways
fine weather.
be
be
also
may
down, but obviouslythese
prevalence of
may
simple form
most
Garden
a
manage
pieces. These
ways.
off
to
weather.
tilation
ven-
JXIV
CHAPTER
question
for
whilst
light
a
that
soil
often
moisture
surplus
to
find
always
we
use
constitution.
in
some
and
clay
pot
away
from
in
will
the
weeks,
several
be
found
while
the
It
treating
the
be
that
plant
119
for
water
soils.
dulging
inPut
cure
Pro-
If
the
in
plant
the
clay.
will
soak
it will
up.
continue
out
clay
flower-pot,
a
"
whilst
making
pointed
land,
Eng-
obtainable.
the
stopped
each
be
of
crocks
"
pot,
to
in
ing
equal plant, substitut-
well-drained
will
other
might
is
patience
that
find
drained
which
one
soil
strong
plants.
pot
bottom
an
material
will
properly
the
therein
put
two
best
the
You
plants.
in the
hole
draining
sufficient
summon
for
and
orthodox
both
Water
the
plant with
pot
with
experiment
of
more
drainage by
of
want
a
up
in
apparent
of
off
grow
lands
most
more
ill effects
the
over
a
another
the
of
to
building
in
soil,
amenable
more
plant
in
needed
is much
its need
little
a
stiff
then
is
it
the
taking
The
soil, makes
of
moisture,
much
too
little.
enables
question
a
soil has
plant food
more
judge
may
often
too
the
Drainage
although
We
has
and
Soil.
more
clay
a
warms
tillageoperations,
rapidly, and
is
drainage
of
of
Question
A
THE
WATER-SUPPLY
AND
DRAINAGE
like
will
you
passing
tained
re-
can
experiment
it
manner,
make
proportionate
in
be
that
way,
headgression.
retro-
there
How
is but
main
one
land, and
to
difference in
reference
that has
the drains.
In
the surface
and
to each
near
Methods
understand
We
the soil in
a
then
condition
majorityof
which
the
to
then
cases,
question of
drainage now
appeal
it will be
them
which
note
is the
drains in that
drain
down
other
drains feed this
main
drains,according
levels
be
and
may
be
diagram,Fig.76.
The
from
water
pond
at
We
seek
to
Of
course
times
as
heavy
rains.
can
large,or
choose
of
its work
between
to
from
feed
thus
main
and
have
the
let
two
relative
intended
to
accompanying
the
the
are
of
our
our
might
main
them, and
conveyed
drains,
the
to a
drain will need
and
tributaries,
open
take
may
idea
any
of
land, and
to take
we
the
main
will be
systems
our
exigenciesof
plot is
the
we
vast
diligently
lying ground,
lines
double
least twice the size of its
We
the
gathered
the whole
ditch.
or
that
tributaries
singleones
the
of
point,so
lowest
the
adopting
stock
must
seasons.
in
Several
tributaries,
or
as
wet
ourselves
before
take
slopes. Something
conveyed
and
but
to
line of the
the
not
cultivation,
during very
means.
us,
direction.
capableof being
of
state
apply
and
lowest
it
it is necessary
now
necessary
to
nearer
object in drainingis to get
also
that
to
be
to
of
Draining:.
suitable
ways
light
a
distance
and
need
will render
must
we
they will
of
a
depth
or
other.
only during dry periods,but
convinced
the
that the
into
brought by tillage
Being
draininga heavy
to
land
heavy
a
Garden
a
manage
plus
sur-
large
to
be
three
preferably
greatlyimpeded during
ditches, brick drains,
and
Drainage
drains,rubble drains,horse-shoe
stone
properly
given,and
called.
Sectional
the reader
will be
so
estimation,is likelyto
prove
(Figs.77-82). Open
useful
our
Water-Supply
orchards, and
old
FIG.
FIG.
77.
it is
How
yearly.
FIG.
78.
them
better,and
these
in with
the
serve
able
of each
drain
of
pipes,
these
are
gather which, in
to
the
least
costly and
most
stillsometimes
we
his
cannot
FIG.
80.
that
see
out
FIG.
81.
82.
it would
pay
equallyas well,to
purpose
in
see
cleaned
religiously
are
FIG.
79.
people
views
drains
they
tiles,
or
fill
rubbish, surelydefies comprehension. Brick
drains
and
stone
very
expensive,and
down.
Their
Rubble
drains
are
probably
require much
and
utility
are
on
chiefly
very
often
the
cost
found
score
are
to
useful, but
time
not
be
and
then
labour
to
are
put
proportionate.
useful,and
of less expense
they
are
; and
mendable
com-
certain
Water-Supply
Drainage and
quantityduring dry
hence
crops,
have
we
and
garden,
in
possessingexperience
all
if
greatlyincreases
It will also be
of
without
flower
in the
sets
long
start
case
growth
continue
of
to
is
of
Means
are
multitude
a
that it certainly
would
supply
of
it is
when
get the
matter
At
they have
recognisedthat
doubts
back.
get their money
but
question,
to, their
seen
I
am
that
the
not
convinced, and
the
dry
has
water
in the
other
the
a
one
plants
instead
the lawn
Water,
a
regular
their land, but
about
at
admit
ready to
are
set
once
pocket
about
will be
to
affected.
after all they would
time
no
now
man
subjectwill deny, that,if profitonly is
123
to
suddenly change
principles
whether
I have
well
when
better if they had
suggestedthat they should
it is
the
be much
do
rich green.
people who
properlydistributed
water
because
once
of
a
produce.
reference
the
with
plants,
will not
and
vigour,
Obtaining
by
increased,for
good supplyof
will be clothed
crops
plentiful
supply
without ; for whereas
one
with renewed
grow
their
is
In
water.
a
the
be admitted
a
land
stopped,in
practically
lookingbrown
There
with
man
the
over
be
lawn, it is obvious
the
of
means
life of the
which
grown
suppliesof
and
garden
be
then
artificial
weather
the
the
that artificialwatering,
there is
that where
of
vegetable or
may
for the
productivenessof
plants can
many
the
quantityand qualityof
the
found
the
water
in
the matter
absolutelynecessary
not
and
it will
soil,
of the
needs
ways
what
matter
the character
and
grown
discover
Whether
no
the
supply
to
to
this demand.
meeting
flower
weather
to
argue
conversant
looked
ever
the
with
to, then
How
to
there is every
at
is much
There
once.
the work
why
reason
direction without
should
that
going to
be
might
in
done
already hinted
from
houses, sheds, greenhouses,frames, "c., is
considered
by
a matter
trifling
too
of this water, and
needs
demand.
supply in
this way
fall from
the
top should
it matters
littlehow
a
kind
well be
of water-course
30, and
in the
need
of
case
a
of
not
garden
be
equal
Of
course
to
the
if water
the
gravitation,
for the
owner
can
matter
case
such
a
the
At
the
must
be obtained
not
garden,
being
galvanised
pipes
but where
The
making
of
manner
is shown
in
Fig. 3,
As, however,
size this method
be considered
to
discuss other
from
a
pense
ex-
the
distances,
trench and
stones.
garden
the
to
of short
of considerable
is
a
circumstances.
prevailing
againmentioned.
we
necessities,
to
the roof.
admirably;
and
water-supplyis very primitive,
all
there be
distribution
of
other
rough
kitchen
a
water-
placed beneath
is taken
conveyed by forminga
distribution around
page
and
suit
gettinga
will take off the overflow.
method
in the
bars their use, and
may
from
the water
ordinarydrain pipeswill
water
be
effectiveness either
and
ease
for the
towards
way
that
be
may
it is obtained
which
the water
provided it gets there,the
primarily
governed by means
or
of
necessary
pipewhich
a
often
too
use
long
a
purpose
course
catch
be affixed
For
much
this,a largetub should
pipe to
water
Now
it is of
the
buildingsfrom
garden. Given
each
For
water
attention,
although
labour
least go
at
The
altogethersufficient
not
plants will
of the
meeting the
if
chapter.
merit
to
expenditureof nothingbut
the
made
former
a
this
this has
and
been
at
in hand
be taken
great expense,
any
in
Garden
a
manage
of
at
means.
higherpointby
greatlysimplified.Unfortunately
for a holding cannot
position
124
always be
Drainage and
chosen,
that
so
be
and
dug
by
must
water
it is but
I do
wish
not
decided
but
this method
on
I do
say that
little chance
has
be
would
requiredto
soil.
the
Therefore
increase
labour.
throwing water
put in
is
former
worked
rams
if
there will be
need
windy
no
think
with
from
it
that the
one
on
must
Plants
need
person
again?
waste?"
be
or
by
wind
"
and
anxious
Why," it
then
by
Surely this
To
fullyaware
the
The
is provided,
to
find
mild
workings
they can
may
much
be
be
cussed
dis-
is to be called
difficulties may
labour
double
asked,
and
year
of the needs
all
I25
take water
great
cost
put
is
thoroughly this question
understand
only but
"
barrelled contrivance
of
plantsunder
require a rightsupply of moisture
periodsof
human
power.
tank
engineerwho
the
the
by
the latter is free for the
enter, for
not
we
questionsof drainageand water-supplyclash
another.
the land
merely
we
curious
Some
a
intricacies of the
Into all the
we
rather
shortageduringa spellof
fear
to
advantage with
to
water
which
sufficient heightwe
to
sufficiently
largestore
a
weather.
of these apparatus
in.
by
which
expenditureof
the
up
extent
system
a
obtained
always convenient,but
not
and
harnessing,
un
than
labour
of
productiveness
the natural
it is
mechanical
may
have
who
much
so
the
to
stronglyfavour
regulationof
For
working,
this ineffectiveness.
entails
used
becoming
I
is
of water,
providinga sufficiency
of
automatic, as
call
might
of
in
labour
efforts of those
system which
a
a
latter method
more
suffer from
disparagethe
to
to
according to experienceto
and
plantswill
that the
suppose
forced
wells
or
by gravitation,
This
it entails
reasonable
be
power
put in.
pumps
probablythe cheaper,but
and
some
distributed therefrom
highpoint,and
may
Water-Supply
not
at
culture.
certain
during their growth.
In
How
undrained
of the
to
land
for the
plant food
into
which
air.
by
suffer
with
advantage to
from
advisable
certainlynot, by
the year in the
that the starved
hope
transitoryhelp during
a
practiceclearlyteaches
the
have
plantsnever
up
vation
culti-
the
plants would
as
in
not
soil.
loose
a
of cultural
economy,
of
growth during three-quarters
sacrifice good
to
bringingthe
of
plant be occupied
the
canon
any
and
takes
necessarily
of moisture
want
cold
duringa drought,the
that
being good,
surface
much
so
the work
available form, and
an
It is conceivable
it is
But
plants,retards
could
of the
rendering the soil
this,besides
unsuitable
space
supply is too great duringthe largerpart
the
year, and
Garden
a
manage
remaining part.
the
us
too
weaklingsmay
of this
truth
the
much
water
;
receive
Moreover,
principle let
"
always give them
enough.
in
Distribution
probablyoffend
It would
puff-powder and
our
of
water
this
or
may
water
be
of
them
be
in the
affixed and
thus
lawn
a
the
in the
notion
course
Flower
so
or
flower
it is better
into
Garden.
fastidiousness of
if
perfume guests,
seen
transform
places
be
to
whimsical
to
the
we
garden.
to
hide
fountains, "c.
arranged
in the
that
paths
allow
there
where
In
such
barrels
view
to
all parts.
126
of
things
The
water
exist several
hydrants
length of hose-pipingattached, and
brought
of
some
may
the
CHAPTER
HOW
TO
BRING
LAND
of
Scope
To
attempt
The
is
in
itself
of
which
each
then
exhaustively,
to
this, that
to
be
able
is
here
it
not
needed
point
land
show
to
the
out
into
I
effect
good
to
practical
Spade
into
Others
this
a
but
would
latter
wonderful
in
advise
would
Many
its
a
certainly
contrivance,
present
form
object
various
the
but
tions
opera-
rather
converting
to
unbroken
its
commencement
relieved
myself
from
land
it
dug
entirely
intended
this
of
with
127
certainly
does
verted
con-
ploughed.
spade.
The
agree.
notwithstanding
it
a
be
to
be
should
garden
have
I
The
Plough.
the
vegetable
sentiment
in
equal
matters.
v.
that
but
compression
all.
cultivation,
Having
many
so
volume
of
at
detail
will
results.
turn
in
venture.
has
a
powers
procedure
which
garden,
a
favourable
prelude,
give
how
advantageously,
subject
the
of
and
form
to
great
daring
a
be
made
to
mode
rather
could
limited,
much
very
expansive,
requires
much
so
is
so
handle
to
TILTH
Chapter.
this
tilth
divisions,
not
UNDER
chapter,
a
under
land
subject
in
tell
to
bring
to
XV
With
plough
its
not
is
antiquity,
equal
in
How
to
thoroughness and
in
work
of
spade.
nine
inches, whilst
will
spade
of
case
of
in
carries
that
costs
usuallyfounded
said
who
turn
slightest
with
they
"not
one
thinking."
tickle the
spend
we
as
cultivate
we
advantage
of
been
land
capital,so
more
will find
of the
garden
seeing
used
the
must
soil.
more
corn
a
as
which
has
is that
has
the
subject just as
a
soil.
be
to
It
may
Those
who
on
garden,
and
the
biggest
greater when
produce increase
our
had
have
land
has
that
ordinary
on
conspicuouslyin
very
it
selves
them-
content
produce
grown
difference
only
spade, it will certainly
a
income
our
of
believe,Carlyle
part of the
it will also
expect
we
of
In
are
principles
will
Men
dig deeplywith
to
I
the
thousand
a
surface
upper
entail greater cost, but
As
in
man
going
case
fact
man's
a
It was,
pocket.
scratching the
work
dividend.
that
see
his
for
will but
be harder
we
the
spade
"
on
that
in
weight against the
Again
more.
in
"
of
opportunity
the
objection
is
cropping.
not
exists
than
suitable
a
plot
a
the
is
honest
difference
the
on
there
chief
The
with
throughout
land
and
deeper
goes
workman
soil which
the
spade tillage.
seldom
influence
ploughed
hard
the
foot, and
root-room
breaking up
one
It
good
a
considerable
have
the
results
practical
dig quite one
inches
three
to
good
a
Garden
a
manage
during former
years
been
the
viously
prefarm
favour
deeply
dug.
Trenching.
I have
thing as
is to
before
mentioned
unfertile land.
say, not
blown
away
As
that
there
long
as
as
128
in
the
is
reallyno
soil is
such
that
still,
sand-storms, the cultiva-
How
tion
bring Land
to
by
will
man
quickly bring it
supposed
plant food,
of
store
and
it
to
render
cultivation
intelligent
the
battle.
It
be
with
has
of
any
it should
be
roughly cut
livingman.
If
with
over
half
land
the
probably
within
the
is very
grass
for
have
we
grass,
broken
the
and
available
the
been
not
large
a
thorough
under
formerly
was
memory
them
food
that
presumed
pasture which
old
England
beginning is perhaps
good
must
deal
to
now
an
A
plants.
this
tiveness.
produc-
in
are
needs
only
of
state
a
reallywithin
unfertile have
be
to
to
which
soils
Certainly the
Tilth
under
high
scythe,to facilitate
the
'.."..
FIG.
the
or
work.
put into
destiny
'
It
The
will
grass
heap
a
be
should
be
now
83." A plan for digging ground.
to
83
shows
been
a
land
from
to
necessary
rectangularpieces.
the
aid
of
On
the
first
off
as
shown
to
These
line, and
the
piece, a
at
are
A, and
it
by
marked
129
top
able
suit-
vegetablegarden
the
feet
four
equal
clearlywith
out
nick
wide
spit of
this
paths. Fig.
into
by cutting a
the
taken.
was
piece into
divided
strip three
burnt,
its ultimate
case
the
extent
of land
and
up
which
divide
If in the
some
plot
square
either
In
the
done
collected
rot.
rectangular pieces.
will have
be
may
along it.
is marked
that
piece is
i
How
of
course
if
treatment
years, the
two
every
bring Land
to
ameliorated
surface ; and
by a
possibleevery
lower
of
repetition
feet of soil will become
two
This
is often
called
little
brought
constant
of
but
year,
bastard, mock
ciently
suffi-
little
by
the work
the
to
the whole
uniformlygood
a
certainly
soil will become
layer of
be
to
Tilth
under
character.
double
trenching,or
digging.
There
is also
be
cannot
into
feet
deep,
second
trench
is
is then
in such
a
buried,and
be
fit for
for it to become
operate
economic
that what
upon
the
surface
soil
Now
several
a
years
the better class of soil
which
the worse,
The
the top.
it will take
bury
we
two
layerof soil is in
that the lower
Thus
and
newly-opened
formerlythe
was
plant culture,and
so.
to
is
strips
away.
spitis brought to
found
into
feet wide
wheeled
on
will be
previous case,
subdivided
turn
wide, is dug
feet
the
and
out
the second
it will seldom
and
but which
trench, three
taken
way
in
as
in
these
first
The
two
strip,
condition
land,
plots,and
feet wide.
two
The
which
trenchingproper,
unguardedly commended,
so
brieflydescribed.
divided
is termed
what
is
obviously not
an
process.
Digging:.
with
Digging as compared
mode
of
cultivation,but
despised,but
advantage
of
rather
be
work
that the proper
by, only
way
a
few.
to
of
that
of
England,
famous
I
must
to.
or
half-hearted
a
must
Having
diggingdone
dig is known
A
but
it
account
encouraged.
more
seeingthe
widely separated parts
on
trenchingis
be
had
the
in many
givethe
at
not
any
gardenerused
verdict
rate
to
and
tised
prac-
say that
How
if he
for
to
be
to
were
compelled
gardener by
a
spade,meaning therebythat
a
of his
little fear
with
for observation.
digging means
the
spitof soil,so
as
necessaries of
the
clearlythat soil
plants,and
grow
without
recognisethat
perhaps
may
be
There
here
few
a
are
be
should
be
the
spade into
not
the
necessarilylessen
much
at
especialcare
which
of
to
it also
possesses
and
has,
warmth,
plant.
be
to
When
we
in the
warmth
soil,
we
thrive,
clearlythe why
more
frost.
clean
good
less than
ten
ground
almost
spit.
This
that
is
and
vertically
digging.
it well
too
132
often
the
Do
over
portionof
under
come
depth. Drive
By slopingthe
Turn
up
in
might
is necessary
spade
inches
of
depth
break
cannot
hilt.
the
the
each
to
to
relating
diggingwhich
A
beyond
even
for the
understand
rules
laid down.
and
or
anchorage
of cultivation.
wherefore
and
to
of, plantfood, which
air,water,
led to
stand
under-
in which
the plant cannot
cultivation,
word, without
a
sufficient
up
available
state
a
had
of the first
must
medium
a
rightquantityof air,moisture,and
brought into
have
receive and
to
We
portion,but
is in fact made
it,and
the
by
only
them
afford
to
fit state
a
directions.
working
plant life.
is not
support their superterrene
within
and
bringit into
to
was
generallyunderstood
As
turningover
that there
all who
by
a
knowledge
a
in other
errors
him
hand
dig thoroughly
could
thoroughly endorsed
sufficient scope
provide for
fatal
making
idea will be
This
too
who
man
qualification
would
alone, he
of horticulture
elementary principles
of the
to
man's
a
imbued
was
intelligently
sufficiently
and
in
judge
to
act
one
Garden
a
manage
the
well
spade
up
we
not
take
and
take
soil beneath,
ence
pulverisinginflu-
neglected. Keep
a
How
good wide
be
to
trench.
this
greatlyincreased,and
best
learn
to
way
done, for by
saving in
no
dig properly is
to
level is
time.
watch
to
a
The
adept
an
Diggingis said to be one of
best physicalexercises possibleif not
indulged in
if the positionof the hands
much, and especially
on
Never
dig ground
spade can be frequentlyreversed.
spadesman
the
too
the
the
at
it is very
when
autumn
of
readilydrain
by
successive
be
turned
be
frosts.
with
over
of
with
such
consider
who
ignorantof
useless
true
expense
soils,but
it
economy,
be
can
means
a
be
which
of energy
also to
planting.
well
turned
tool
in
as
may
be
militates
soil
over
ence
prefer-
certainlylighterwork,
lazyplea
up
If the
that
use
more
broken
needed.
not
during
the
may
it will need
cases
is
it is
this
rains
immediatelybefore
fork
all
for
spade,
a
such
that
by
most
rough lumps
course
nature
fork, then
a
to
those
a
the
a
this
winter
the
In
dig
to
with
covered
or
retentive character, is
very
and
away,
lightsoils
With
a
frozen
which
at
that
so
;
when
or
season
those
especially
the
work.
wet,
best
The
snow.
a
is
there
the
spit at
one
is often
four, as
affords
Keep
of keeping the ground
difficulty
the
means
plot
the
soil
the
it also
rubbish, "c.
along
or
Tilth
enable
broken, but
and
manure,
three
this
does
only
work
and
with
not
"
burying
level
ground
time
Not
thoroughly turned
facilities for
under
bring Land
to
and
justlytermed
equally against
of coin.
Disposal of Rubbish.
It
from
is
the
a
self-evident truth
land
and
that
everythinghas
everythingwill
133
return
to
it.
come
It is
How
to
also
equally certain
that
can
be
advantageously
safelyand
in the
form
is that
of
is
of
view
In
this
of
adhered
strictly
colt's
grass,
either be
ordeal
of
exception of
all
vegetable
in
stems,
burnt
fire is at
the
Now,
underground
these
weeds
forming
a
in
and
should
refuse
great advantage
double
trenching or
be
diggingit
incorporated with
could
manure
be
well
the
The
safest.
With
of
In
land.
an
layer
dispensed with
if
that
of
mock
manure
soil.
This
of
sufficiency
a
vegetable refuse, weeds, decaying vegetables,"c.,
at
hand
method
of
be
within
their
a
surface.
economical
crops
that
such
of
those
ground
that
be
may
year
no
will
after
system
form
year.
can
for
thorough cultivation,
of
It
not
the
will
only be
be
this
to
be
must
germinate
below
the
this way
in
fact that
and
manure,
were
garden
it
inches
rubbish
amply proved by
other
the
reply that
that seeds
disposal of
the
object
who
eighteen to twenty-four
That
a
the
knowledge
own
gardens receive
rich
on
To
weeds, I would
full of
depth
place.
economy
would
at
its
take
to
cellent
ex-
matter
speaking of
advised
lower
the
to
of such
much
was
like nature,
a
is afforded
there
soil.
the
to
couch
as
to
returned
opportunityof disposingof
with
largely
rot.
heap
a
those
be
garden
new
and
down
such
it
weeds.
increase
quickestand
the
once
with
bring
beard," nettles,docks, "c.,
staked
or
land
laid down
laid
be
which
man's
the
undesirable
very
all weeds
foot, "old
should
of
matter
to
will
principlemust
the
or
which
crop
to, that
their roots
by
large
a
returned
only condition
returned
not
animal
vegetableand
The
manure.
matter
danger
the
all
Garden
a
manage
is
many
yet yield
readilyagreed
carried
it is essential that
out
the
under
rubbish
How
be
well
to
buried
cropping.
bring Land
so
as
not
rubbish
Such
to
of
under
interfere with
hard
a
burnt, for they would
soil and
might
be
take
too
to
prejudicial
135
the
ordinary
the
nature,
trimmings,prunings,cabbage stumps,
be
Tilth
as
"c., had
long
to
decay
plants.
hedge
better
in the
CHAPTER
RAISING
XVI
STOCK
PROPAGATION
BY
Seed.
will
IT
be
for
well
methods
by which
we
learn
may
of
in
some
at
value.
amateur
to
him
If for
it
personalityas
The
be,
work
which
formed
not
a
Let
by
would
after
us,
seed.
This
seeds
can
replace
the
always great
of
stuff
above
the
advise
the
afford
to
his
his
own
garden.
it may
excellent
how
and
worthless
far
feature
tion
impartialadmira-
same
of one's
The
this manner,
garden
but
hands,
own
may
that
take
surely is
great importance.
turn
to
will either
be
in
imprint
to
the work
to
design.
saved, presumably from
of
the
is
that
useful
be
stuff in order
matter
with
after
however,
every
no
own
of very
matter
on
apply
one's
evolve
to
were
viewed
be
own
order
I should
reason,
interest,and
another,
of
cannot
longer
of his
most
grow
separate
for his money,
is however
other
in
may
there
gettingvalue
no
additional
an
which
the
may
they
extent
price which
low
a
actual
they
indulgingin bargainswhere
cases
is sold
far
buying, in
beginner not
a
reproduced,
are
how
what
to
costly method
risk of
plants
therefrom
and
furnishing,
brieflyconsider
to
us
the
the
have
best
subject of reproduction
been
sources.
seriouslyimpaired by
136
bought
The
careless
or
home
vitality
storing.
Raising Stock
the
For
directlyopposed
from
vermin.
have
light,and
cool
of
in any
sunshine.
afforded
is
Seed
be
is
done
drills
but
be
may
chieflya
few
a
cottager with
of
lettuce
sowing
is the
light soil
easilyin
the
not
so
soil
having been
dug
the
winter, has
been
not
sufficiently.It
perhaps
two
marble
a
or
of
case
broken
will
up
be
a
necessary
beat
spring the
work
wind
March
bricks
if it is
and
to
almost
be
will be
will
doubled, for if
make
soon
superhuman
brought
into
a
it is absolutely
fine tilth
a
and
the
to
Here
left
the
during
it
fork
it,tread
when
soil
as
effort must
over
it, and
left till the
wet
fine
sufficiently
137
small
so
great extent, but
it,repeatedly. If the digging has been
rake
manner
obtained, but
soon
to
well
exception. In
an
autumn
times, and
three
the
heavy clay soil.
a
in the
over
are
is very
desideratum
this
provide a
soil
the
in
to
quite as
may
breaking
should
large area,
soil;for
the
seed
a
germinate,that
to
means
pieces larger than
that
dry
is
shade
Sowing
important than
preparationof
This
obtained.
and
good
is
there
is sufficient
as
More
if seed
necessary
tilth
well.
cabbage, it
or
broadcast.
sown
be
such
seeds
fine
when
neater
which
in drills. Which
or
of
require for
of circumstance.
matter
certainlylooks
for
be
broadcast
sown
Seeds
all will be
righttime,
the
at
sown
a
reach
seeds
to
available,and
are
removed
is littlefear of their
impaired.
If these
tion.
germina-
the
beyond
are
germination moisture, warmth,
from
their
dry atmosphere
ripe,there
way
required
are
for
course
conditions
gatheredwhen
vitality
being
conditions
necessary
requirea
If these
been
those
to
we
and
sun
seed
storingof
safe
Hence
by Propagation
be
dug
hard
a
as
expended
state.
RaisingStock by Propagation
however,
inches
to
apart, and
increased
drills too
Now
the
thinner
be
may
the
with
advantage be
danger lies in leavingthem
seed
is
in
and
the
wider
apart
length of
time
which
they
sown,
the
transplanting.Consequently,
before
left there
could
six
less than
therebycausingovercrowding.
long, and
the greater
drills,
the
are
The
foot.
be
never
minimum
the
to one
these
drills should
that
say
having gained greater strength,they
bear
can
check
the
without injury.
transplanting
of
few
A
words
Here
glass.
be
may
the
added
warmth
considered
sufficient,
or
obtained.
We
for
outside
the
are
clean
to
in
enforced
crocks.
Over
the
for
the
crocks
drainage.
box.
the
seed
the
over
sufficient to
with
house
the
day
a
before
top, and
cover
them.
sheet of
or
frame
be in
the
seed
then
some
the
or
having the
139
paper
of
leaves
or
and
among,
do,
sand, in equal
a
quarter-inch
This
should
be
the sides of the pot,
is
state
at
sown
;
soil
on
the
over
needful
time,or
sprinklethe
these, just
Press the soil againvery
glass,put
use
fine soil will
seed.
moist
a
glass
the details
moss
any
half-
a
size of the
It should
be watered
a
Almost
around
firmly,especially
pressed down
cover
some
obtained
under
case
down
filtering
through
pass
sieve,accordingto
or
put
and
preferenceget loam, leaf-soil,
and
proportions,
pan,
Seed
In either
be
another
be
not
plenty of drainageby
prevent the fine soil from
but
could
not
conditions
advantage,that
which
pots.
or
Allow
same.
blockingup,
in
is this
there
boxes, pans,
tilth cannot
same
keepingthe surroundingsclose.
"
is sown
be
can
glass the
under
is
outside
obtained
fine
sufficiently
a
requireunder
but
germination,
condition
be
to
sowing
seed
to
as
slightly,
this,and
stand
temperature.
In
How
to
there will be
no
further
germination has
commenced.
At
should
off,and
most
cases
be
taken
the
until
watering needed
this
stage the
glass
seedlingsgraduallyexposed
full light. It will be necessary
to
Garden
a
manage
to take
precautions
many
againstbirds,slugs,vermin, "c.
Cuttings.
method
Another
the
to
use
increase
gardener,and
of
the
for them
rare
not
afforded
them.
it from
the
but
not
so
the
lower
emit
to
The
close
In
most
instead
of
sappy
lower
to
If
that there should
no
hard
put
When
the
In
cut
leaf-joint,
most
Only
cases
it is
when
plant should
a
rule.
The
cuttingsare
from
young,
size of
fast rule
usuallybe
is
a
more
to
wood.
fairly
plump wood,
growth, which
and
a
infringethis
others
are
cuttingis to
leaves of
have
to
striking.The
which
say
a
off.
cut
necessary
thing for
we
be
it is better
cases
from
distinguished
damp
take
to
leaf will fall off.
and
well-ripened,
from
and
rightconditions
not
straight,
slanting.Some
be
of
means
plant
a
emittingroots.
way
that the
be retained will it be
be taken
off
roots, if the
should
leaves
should
the
for the
cuttingsbeing taken, it is very
of
proper
that
of great
employed
parent plant,immediately below
desirable
especially
cut
of
purpose
growth admits
of
be
may
piecestaken
cuttings.Cuttingsare
nature
which
large majorityof plants,is by
a
into soil for
is found
which
reproduction
of
as
likelyto
cuttingis another
can
be
left five
or
laid down.
six
leaves,
or
buds, there is littlefear of going far astray. Personally,
I
prefer short
entirelynew
as
cuttings,
plantto
work
there
upon.
140
is then
an
practically
RaisingStock
by Propagation
Cuttingsrequirefor strikingsomewhat
seeds
as
heat
is essential.
in every
and
sandy soil,
watch
will do
far
so
that there is
the air cannot
It is not
it a
in all
growing shoot.
be
may
though
the
sufficient
blown
two
or
If
to be
as
the
should
cuttings
back
is used.
dibber
stick of sufficient
sharp point,as
its bluntness
of the
is
cutting,so
bottom
of the
so
necessary
to
bear
that
hole.
the
take
cuttingsbe
the
should
trench
of
be
may
a
cut
the soil
cutting. In
other
sound
of any
be blunt ; in
relation
to
cutting rests
cuttingshould
a
that
at
the base
always
the
on
be firmed
vidually,
indi-
leaf it will
wood,
as
a
fact,
not
speciesof plants it
heel of the old
141
of
as
being brought to
it should
some
be
sand along,
sprinkling
gently pulled by
In
in
taken
such
cuttings,
the
instead
some
Each
soil.
off
example,
six inches
be formed
may
usuallydone,
that when
readilyleave
around
This
size,but
should
cutting.
placed againstthe line,and
be
well firmed
and
after
is
prevent their being
to
of
at
attached
currants, for
put in,a
depicted in Fig.84, and,
out
a
of the
part buried
The
erect, and
"c., are
whether
It is likewise
cuttinghas
three
even
large number
a
in
other
arrived
clay.
the base
Cuttingsof
them
keep
to
roses, currants,
cases
in the
reach
branch.
same
over.
thrown
conclusion
The
by cuttingoff pieces about
made
length,even
from
clay,the
It is doubtful
essential that the
cases
cuttings,
all,but certain it is the other
moisture
much
too
cold, and
too
at
quickly.
more
of this essential let
in
one
result.
root
sandy soil
open,
by preparing two
insert
the
cuttingin clay will
the
to
himself
and
way,
an
is doubtful
reader
experiment for
equal
this purpose
For
If any
ditions
con-
same
of
germinating,viz.,a sufficiency
for
moisture.
and
him
need
the
is
it is found
How
thereby
strike
to
convenient
readily.
more
they
placed over.
will be found
Buds
These
method
take
a
their
for
tree
currant
of
example
gated
if cut
off
This
(Fig.85).
with the vine.
which
a
off
another, and
necessary
to
FIG.
from
freely
entire ; do
Cut
the wood
not
cut
out
A
a
;
see
bud
it is
especially
us
be propa-
may
85.
cutting.
rose
and
a
at
that
the bud
142
known
process
growers,
illustration
by
which
here
is
a
it
as
it can
bark
is
be
to
give a
bud
until you
few
gleaned
the
general
the bark
is left whole
are
of
hardly
yearlyfiguredin
time when
the
take
we
the
variety. It
new
budding,
as
insert it within
and
subject,
the bud
out
leaves.
used
propagationis invariably
the process
the
cuttings.
and
accompanying
periodicals.Suffice
horticultural
remarks.
all
obtain
mention
on
to
tree
one
thus
all works
of
is also
There
will be familiar
livingbud
from
method
glasses
propagationby
bud
every
"
in the
shown
as
bell
are
plant" let
particular
a
cuttings.
for
trench
there
buds
When
uses.
FIG. 84.
A
more
Leaves.
as
extensively
increase the stock
to
found
very useful for
propagationis by
of
stillhave
but
cuttings,
desired
and
applied so
not
are
It will be
put in bunches, and
be
may
Frames
Another
Garden
a
manage
put the cuttingsin lines,or where
to
few
only a
to
parts
and
ready to insert
Stock
Raising
by Propagation
it in the stock ; tie moderately
but
in
such
off the
be
to
"
taken
with
indoor
many
begonias, of
which
are
We
until
inserted
in
wool
sandy
by
; do
might
by
no
effective
is very
take
instance
the
of
"c.,
saintpaulias,
being nipped
leaves
mature
is
leaves
plants, but
to
it appears
when
of
means
cut
not
is found
the bud
wool
matting,
or
shoot
gloxinias,gesneras,
increased
often
the
matting or
outside
ones.
many
off and
bruise
shoot
the
; loosen
common
with
to
tight. Propagation by
too
means
not
as
way
part of the
upper
"
have
a
tightwith
soil.
Layering.
plants
Many
them
Among
These
we
that carnations
plant, but
in
and
not
needs
space,
with
contact
here
several
pots of suitable soil,and
or
similar
device.
A
stock
than
the purpose
of
to
so
a
and
in
cause
with
a
ing
layerout,
plant
it to emit
strawberry plant
of
of
of
small
a
the
means
old
splitsome
is thrown
a
press
results
the
method
a
embryo
stone,
plants
surely it is cheaper
provide others
doing.
then
soil to
great number
and
from
runner
round
set
them, keeping it in place by
in this way,
own
we
better
afford
The
moist
This
when
It is found
manner.
culminates
roots.
into
is done
increase.
of
detached
wholly
in sandy soil.
covering some
only
their
half-way through
inserted
form
carnations,strawberries,"c.
readilyand
for
strawberrydiffers,
a
after
which
in
more
cut
are
and
up
root
cuttingsare
the
way
notice
may
this
to
differ somewhat
two
when
submit
also
to
can
work
plant
or
peg,
be
up
large dividend
creased
inour
for
How
to
Garden
a
manage
Division.
There
merits
is yet another
few
a
that is division.
words, and
for any
lengthy survey
form
reproduction,nor
of
show
torn
how
There
to
of the
it is done.
are
this treatment, and
asunder
torn
of
practice. There
and
increase which
it is cut
be learnt
must
are
need
from
also other
not
plant is
up
with
this
a
taken
and
spade
lend
to
or
a
selves
them-
they preferto
be cut
the venerable
school
methods
of
be detailed here.
144
need
no
be needed
plantswhich
whether
is
There
which
accruingfrom
the
classes of
of stock
remarks
will many
cases
many
or
benefits
Sometimes
asunder, in other
knife.
of increase
form
propagation
CHAPTER
XVII
PURCHASING
STOCK
A
WHEN
a
who
person
a-marketing
goes
purchases
This
be
rather
in
being
as
that
moral
quality
he
some
it is
certain
time
that
he
of
a
of
buy
seem
a
to
see
the
by
likely to
what
his
to
be
Now,
cheap.
for
and
to
him
often
in
than
the
express
casual
a
amateur
bid
to
for, and
greater disadvantage
auctioneer.
might
Hence
all outward
to
and
some
at
the
of
the
avoided
a
and
same
most
This,
fungoid pests.
sedulously
145
value,
It
at
an
intends
the
with
take
for
the
of
judge
so
sale
stock
own
draw
gardening
a
it at
would
statement
office.
healthy plant,
insect
noxious
danger
he
not
in
difficult
what
will
introducing
is
something
disposed
and
attends
who
the
or
useful
so
went.
approximate
alone,
more
sale, it is
appearances
be
not
person
up
value
is very
destructive
course,
a
the
being
person
casual
perhaps
to
his
he
must
we
its
at
this
perform
picking
the
appraise
arrive
can
than
Accepting
matter
what
people,
many
qualified
purchasing
can
before
glance
is
the
matter
poorer
fairlyaccurate,
he
leave
callings,that
of
great
a
person
that
who
home
subject.
the
a
likely, no
return
by
about
nothing
always
cases
though
purpose
when
stuff
one
happens,
other
most
better
had
to
on
unless
of
is
proved
speak
not
Dangers.
knows
he
be,
may
could
Few
for
;
K
of
the
PurchasingStock
Useful
a
stock is
kindred
be
may
Only
by
spirit,
which
means
obtained
which
would
acquaintedwith
those
would
instance
of these
has been
plucked
people who
its
have
very
there
rather than
continue
Apart
accrue
from
from
an
as
to
if
forcing,
for,provide
of
means
for the
asking,
morally constructed
consider
who
it their
duty
plant life to oblivion
of
are
what
after gardening
striving
in the
minority. May
their
decrease.
advantages in kind
to
be
also how
possibletime
be had
in his
say
very hard
by
increasing
some
masses
fellow-man
spiteof
which
are
to
likely
gardeners,
acquaintancewith professional
there is also much
culture,and
an
fruit
the
when
well cared
for
consciences
to
the
and
undoubtedly
valuable
help a
to
they could
cases
pleasure. These, however,
number
For
experiencethat
from
submitted
or
fruit,
for
are
consignthese
lishment
large estab-
experiment may
state
to
been
with iron bound
men
away.
wasted, which
in
Now
away.
being planted out,
In many
although
a
growers.
in pots, and
tried the
not
useful material
runners.
thrown
are
prepared
plantshave
they will,on
thrown
of stuff
amateur
forced
are
never
I am
futility,
these
be
workings of
to
a
quoted strawberryplants. Yearly many
be
may
hundreds
boon
real
a
prove
otherwise
the amount
understand
can
of
men
"c.,
plants,cuttings,
many
the
cultivate
to
gardeners,and
acquaintanceof professional
the
to
working up
of
useful way
Another
Friendships.
from
a
to
learnt from
them
work
stock
up
givennumber
a
of
as
to
in the
practical
shortest
plants,cuttings,
"c.,
where
to go
for the best
plants,bulbs,seeds,trees,"c., and
much
other
information
which
despised.
147
is
not
by
any
means
to
be
How
to
Garden
a
manage
Exchange.
is also another
There
happens
that
class
particular
He
another
and
amateur
exchange.
be
of
matter
of mutual
facilitating
its limits so far as to give
extend
take
over
them
distributing
to
is,I believe,
reallyrequiredamongst
by which
be
and
they could get
means
advice
Improvement Societies
before
to
in
results may
amount
local
a
most
of energy
and
societies,
stillmore
how
This
it
and
a
reasonable
plants are
march
a
it is
that
more
we
have
energy
rightchannels
useful.
be
to
with
the
they
it understood,
hoped
that the
be directed into the
148
must
try to provide
that
It is indicative of
only needs
and
and
the
Mutual
many
up
such
enthusiasm
successful
"
our
be
criticism,
friendly
way,
and
nothing of
say
local societies before
our
therefrom.
accrue
Will
and
publicspirit
into
gardening,
stuff,
get it cheaper,
plants,"c., at
them
be infused
should
them
society
co-operative
take this matter
rapidheadway.
make
is meant
teach
littlemore
A
times need
can
they
of
members
the
experiencewhich
and
enthusiasts with
amateur
grown.
"
the work
all lovers of
better
the system.
inevitably
accompany
rate
a
their fellow-man,to
benefiting
gratuitousimpartingof
kind of
a
the
their requirements.Such
accordingto
demand
a
that
to urge
purchase,or
and
purchasinggoods
plant
some
gether.
mutually brought to-
reason
for
might even
It
advice in the
formed
be
can
a
needs.
own
find
we
of
more
of
more
Here
possesses.
In fact there is every
societyshould
It often
his
for
requisite
obtain
to
of which
supply both
a
is
plantsthan
likewise be anxious
may
which
of
considered.
gardener propagates
amateur
an
be
to
aspect
some
large
a
so
many
and
to
thusiasm
en-
make
XVIII
CHAPTER
PLANTING
that
with
that
and
go
wrong
planted
confined
should
they
as
stubborn
and
hard
to
it extends
but
to
it is
away
supply
an
well
as
in
from
reach
the
over.
way
place
be
of
in
of
the
top,
If
this
is
though
a
the
of
roots
not
the
of air
constituents
of
to
the
149
plants
fault
is not
class
one
depth
would
The
which
at
to
seem
only
of
out
in
the
plant.
of
the
soil
soil
It
it
no
which
is
an
it is
air
as
out
With-
extent.
same
sight,
prevent
need
have
be
down
impression
the
of
it be
plant.
thereby
tree
sufficiency
favourable
few
sufficiently low
really
to
to
the
not
and
a
by practical
pot
or
air, and
over
line, whether
idea
roots
to
The
branches,
presence
take
any
taught
! the
to
The
on
gaze
that
nor
the
flower,
the
get
anchorage
one.
the
the
can
to
toppling
trees,
reference
has
necessary
erroneous
of
planted.
be
should
trees
from
been
mark
And
shrub,
committed
fault
greatest
be.
right along
fruit-tree, timber-tree,
that
can
Notwithstanding
remains
fact
particular class
one
but
people,
the
we
"
has
planting
of
do
conscience.
of
if afterwards
life,and
will
often
they
importance
great
again by description, by figures, and
over
lessons, the
are
in
fair start
a
method
is of
; it
plant
a
calmness
a
right
the
it
as
"
with
scene
with
so
give
should
we
things
the
child,
a
Planting.
Deep
Too
As
BEDDING
AND
change
would
essential
How
in
to
Garden
a
manage
convertingthe plant food already in
available for the
expect
tree
a
anchorage,we
to
sustain
to
than
more
any
As
plant.
but
reallyessential
that
Its efforts then
wind,
much
so
its further
far from
influence
In
be
buying
fruit
air,so
other
or
line,"formed
the
surface
if too
that
seen
fault of
below
to
by
the
in fact
most
a
throw
out
there
can
is known
the
stock.
the earth
nursery
what
of
the
It is
the
the
and
practice
is,to plant so
line.
earth
as
above
safe
a
line ; that
shallow
the
It
must
a
case,
for
so, for here
more
surface,are
excessive
from
such
is still
tree
no
will
be
do
to
it.
during the
it will be presumed
follows
first that the best time
trees, is
sufficiently
light. As
ever
the
Planting-.
subject to be planted is
at
not
and
heat
better illustration of what
it be announced
and
from
juncture
Preparation
that
subsoil,
the decomposing
and
sun
the
immediatelyon
free them
the
the ends
cold
a
for
deep plantingis censurable,the opposite
supportingitself in
For
of food
they cannot
stock
is level with
plantingtoo
roots, if not
that
trees
the
on
let this still remain
that
of the
againstthe
defeat
into
roots
influence
below-ground portionsof
to
in search
roots
out
his
ing.
plant-
after
sustain itself
to
ing,
replant-
on
sustenance.
readilydiscerned
"earth
be staked
plant too deeply we
of the
for support and
roots
not
ably
reason-
only advisable,
It is not
should
by thrustingthe
warming
the
are
To
growth.
in view
have
we
tree
drive
to
as
a
state
a
providefor
lad to
a
support in his first situation.
own
cannot
itself immediately
expect
can
we
the soil into
dull
a
fruit-tree.
for
season
Let
plantingthese,
of the year,
Plantingand
there is no
when
March
to
it is got in the
the
better chance
and
surroundings,
effort
reawakening.
on
evident
the
to
truth
soil is very
With
snow.
wet,
or
admitted, does
is safe
planting. It
below
the
inches
nine
doctrine
nevertheless
be
sustain
itself
it should
half feet.
and
this
case
fruit-trees
is
filled in with
might
be
out
to
good
with the other
The
is to be
the
on
be
depth
soil.
A
of
planted
trees
are
cannot
shallowness.
less
not
ably
prefer-
two-and-a-
even
of land, as
strip
ever,
how-
orchard.
In
an
of the
ground,
found,
shown
to
so
circular
a
feet,and
in
possible,is
serve
plot
happens,
quite two-and-a-half
(Fig.87),will
great objectionto
in
the whole
This
be marked
or
tree
a
in,and
It often
out.
may
it is
labour, the whole
dug
the hole
fruit
to fruit,
given up entirely
cultivated which, when
having merely
of the trees
a
time
any
have
grow
feet
two
stations for the
the
dug
to
well trench
cannot
we
that
in such
soil to
good
to
with
covered
books, but
other
success
trenched.
are
when
tree
is contrary to
course,
fruit-tree must
increased
thoroughly
that when
area
of
possibleto put
be
that
of
self-
a
is the soil disturbed
It is evident
properly a
ground
If the
it is
should
be
in this and
hope
eighteen inches
than
This, of
true.
any
as
plant
may
renewed
depth requiredfor
the
to
depth.
laid down
only too
you
say that seldom
to
in
planted with
To
extend
not
accepted
to
it must
Ordinarycultivation,
during the periodmentioned.
be
making
dry, or frozen, or
very
earlier
suited
practiceto plant a
exceptions
these
become
to
be
October
the
course
itselffor
it also
Let
it is bad
that
Of
it has
prepare
From
growth.
extend.
period may
the
active
and
outward
Bedding
Fig.86,
better than
illustration,
together
show
how
the
positions
out.
digging out
holes
in which
to
How
plant
and
trees
that
the
much
to
in
to
leaving the
is very
water
the
favour
of
in
plant
the
of the
into
drain
This
tree.
provide a good
to
bad
roots, after
soil.
In
having
the
been
work
spaces
strongly
it is
piece, but
for
than
thus
them
all
planting itself,
of
trimmed
these
argues
the
start
is,
uncultivated
part
good tillagethroughout
better
certainly
to
other
likelyto
detriment
Garden
a
manage
required,should
as
*'.:^.:*'j^':":'.k:-k.;
...*...*...*....*...*...*....;
*...*....*....*....*..
......
.St.ft...*....*....*....*.
*...*...."""
ft...Jk...t...A...
I...$....."...*..
..*....*....*";
FIG.
Trees
be
spread
soil
good
paid
to
is from
is to be
in orchard.
at
put
about
smaller
these
all of
them, and
duly
filled
needed,
the
in, make
water
well.
planting
respectivelevels, and
them.
that
The
More
than
roots
former
expected.
87.
trees.
their
out
the
of
Method
in cultivated
grown
land
FIG.
86.
to
secure
of the
the
be
some
made
of
for
cords
or
it
sustenance
firm
around
plant kept upright.
with
be
should
larger ones,
chief work
the
soil should
stem
attention
have
When
stakes, and
if
Plantingand
Bedding
Bedding-.
We
arrive at
now
which
labour.
It
kind
and
might
is rather
in
bought
or
it is intended
their
and
In
include
point out
for the
that
in
of
some
in
beds
greatest possible
in
and
money
of almost
bedding
kinds
the
order
stuff
the
speaking of bedding
all
"
now,
spring bedding,
grouping,
borders, massing and
floweringand
where
foliageplants
for effect.
borders
and
writing
bedding, annuals, perennials,
bulb
cases
noted.
arrangement
with
these
it
length
expensiveluxury,whether
be grown.
in beds
gardening,
however, be
least expense
the
an
to
in fact all
grown
to
us
trulystated
be
at
already dealt
for
carpet bedding, ribbon
are
borders
been
at
bedding,
summer
and
the
pleasingeffect
most
length of time
be
treated
arrangingthe plants in
of
give the
any
of
be
and
figure,it remains
methods
to
of beds
garden having
the
and
phase
interesting
generalities
may,
few
A
making
in
very
unfortunatelycannot
deserves.
The
a
Carpet Bedding.
Of
the
area.
be
plants
planted
so
used, and
widely apart
Here
we
have
an
of
plantsrequired,but
A
couple
are
of
forms
expensiveof all;
most
dwarf
various
all the
given
of
some
plans
are
probably
for it is essential that
obviouslythese
plants which
increase
in the time
ideas
carpet bedding. In
as
is
bedding, this
not
cover
to
be
cannot
only in
it takes
small
a
the
larger
number
plant them.
appended (Figs.88, 89), wherein
of
the arrangement
privateplaces
'53
this form
of
design
of
in
bedding
Plantingand
Bedding-.
Summer
here
used
As
which
is
nine
months
to
Verbena
red.
7.
Verbena
white.
for
to
that
they
be
well
fill the
Each
of summer
that
the
bed
know
Geranium
set
when
plant
itself,and
at
must
plants and
91.
8. Verbena
pink.
9. Verbena
purple.
bronze.
Geranium
white.
these
plants as
few
such
have
display itself
'55
the
distance
a
have
with
of
characters
they
quiteeight
the
display during the
the
Gardeners
bedding.
10.
bedding with
it is necessary
extent.
prepare
plants.
n.
may
it takes
FIG.
6.
In
this,for
90.
Dot
months.
fashion.
propagate and
i.
out
of
glad
Plans
them
of
going largelyout
rather
FIG.
bed
bedding
summer
geraniums,"c.
chieflyrepresented by lobelias,
generallyare
or
by
understand
we
likewise is
This
Bedding
grown
to
sufficient
to
remaining
all
others,
plants,so
apart
as
to
their fullest
room
advantage,
to
but
velop
deno
How
A
more.
popular
the
couple
it
as
they
be.
be
filled
beautiful
been
during
the
FIG.
12.
of
Plan
"
spring months
Hollyhocks.
15. Violas.
Phlox
17.
Montbretias.
time
It
would
to
be
should
flowers
owing
to
to
many
pay
of
their
are
more
be
wealth
a
when
so
make
to
Poppies.
Gypsophylla elegans.
Antirrhinum.
23.
Calceolaria.
24.
Verbena
25.
Nasturtium.
27.
28.
Godetia.
room
for
red.
of
whatever
us.
attention
bloom
kind
in
the
I should
to
Stocks.
the
in
are
summer
the
more
that
there
early spring,
appreciated
months
advise
certainly
this class of
156
occupants.
summer
desirable
more
even
than
rarity,
with
got
22.
Cardinalis.
seem
so
26. Salvia, blue.
18. Pentstemons.
19.
be
21.
Drummondi.
Lobelia
by
u
20.
peas.
16.
when
grouping.
Delphiniums.
13. Sweet
14.
92.
beds
the
could
so
when
followingsummer,
bulbs, which
plants and
bedding
is not
completed,
-
off in
of
manner
great pity that
a
until the
left naked
could
is
It
has
bedding
be
many
of this
examples
might
summer
should
of
Garden
a
manage
given (Figs.90, 91). Spring bedding
also
are
to
bedding.
when
readers
Plantingand
and
Massing
Of
late
a
years
styleof bedding
mass
or
even
if the
is
plan
plants
effect
given
habits, and
be
able
of
course
to
find
to
the
border
colours,in
in
who
one
in
has
tastes.
disposed in
order ; and
be
and
we
be
may
find
furnished
a
example
in
style.
should
plants
regard must
in beds
of
ously.
promiscu-
groups
due
a
general
The
time
the
suited
or
prettierpicturethan
157
is
There
perennialsare
arranged
in this
that
sufficient breadth
suit his
a
mens
speci-
undertakingthis bedding
be
not
(Fig.92).
height,and
a
in
handsome
not
pleasing. An
idea
the
convey
annuals
and
could
well
whole
formal
no
colour, so
own
colour,the height,the habit,and
purpose,
Seldom
is
should
flowering.Both
the
the
something to
should
its
are
him
justify
There
had
to
every
to
in
on
plants is bedded
class of
themselves
of choice
largerange
ground
on
highly interesting
and
It is worked
and
by itself,
group
the
arisen.
each
geometric plan,but
Grouping.
informal
new
has
Bedding
be
of
for
borders.
a
broad
CHAPTER
XIX
OF
SUPPLY
TOOLS,
of
Necessity
I
well
AM
the
at
command,
but
hope
I
items, and
to
engender
which
be
secured
may
certain
to
especially
and
further
tools
also
being
of
the
requiredis
are
will also
necessary
so, I would
of
purpose
for
space
important
more
knowledge,
more
reader.
works
devoted
the
tastes
Dispensingwith
of
the
machinery, so
The
old
likewise
hobby,
a
is
This
tools.
true
it that
that
a
intention
will
but
a
tools
This
for the
praiseworthy
families with
to
see
some
whole-
a
it that
working
workman
always quarrels
to
be
workman
long exist together. Try
healthy intention
good
in proper
bad
not
that
intend
seriously
to
vegetables,
good
a
who
or
and
speak, is
to
;
generallyadmitted.
all those
fruit and
sayinghas
his
be
on
urge
axiomatic
providingthemselves
supply
cannot
the
on
the
departments, accordingto
takingup gardening for
with
chapters in
craving
a
adequate justice
prelude, I proceed.
That
are
touch
to
do
cannot
by speculatingin
inclinations
natural
Tools.
various
title subjectsof the
to
Good
of the fact that I
aware
ETC.
to
disputed; but
and
a
bad
dig ground
order.
it is
tool
with
a
rusty spade ; the goodness of the
quicklydisappear,and
158
you
will be
peril-
Supply of Tools, etc.
ously
givingway
near
Makeshift
tools
fund
a
satisfactory.Perhaps
make
ingenuitywe
of
which
everlastingnessqualities
generallysafer
direct from
tools
what
they are
price for
where
is
There
will
inefficient.
economy
that
use,
order
in
that
tools
they
should
a
should
be
It is
manure
this
always
last much
If
soon
well
is
become
well
cleaned
be
oiled, and
away
lawn-mower
a
as
be
longer
is put
tool
a
the
on
by
as
after
in
put away
of Manure.
important that
most
available
be
that
of
be
to
sufficient
but
fertility,
there
put
animal
an
of
repairthe fertility
about
also
dry place.
manure
so
little,
middleman,
the
common-sense
well
fair
a
pay
it will very
cleaned
by
cases
they
long.
Supply
of
which
last
It is dictated
spades, forks,
remark
a
If
and
apply
qualityless.
treatment.
surely not
oiled
often
not
careless
all
that
sure
remarks
avoid
and
need, I think, for
under
dirty,it
In
the
or
keeping of tools,by
proper
than
knives.
or
buy good
to
be
These
appear.
dis-
soon
very
scythes, mowers,
for
is greater
cost
strength,their
cheaper
be.
to
good implement
a
the
said
they are
barrows, baskets,
and
sessing
pos-
for ourselves.
manufacturer, and
the
throughout,whether
find
we
"
It is
tools
their value, their
on
is obvious.
moral
The
anger.
seldom
are
pride ourselves
We
to
can
the
few
or
be
soil.
people
159
be
abundance
land.
Whether
should
on
the
vegetable originmatters
found
by
Now
there
understand
some
means
is much
what
it
to
talk
really
How
is.
would
in
it
fertile,
like
must
be
plenty
that
received
by
In
of
far
of
required for
to
be
from
for
to
rubbish
be
contains
agents
necessary
in too
great
been
has
by working it, as
Of
the
is
Whatever
of
power
sary
neces-
suitable
heap
land.
the
animal
form
a
present
returned
value
brought
is
and
growth,
the
manurial
not
it is
again,unless
of
many
in
us
value
at
away
this way
all and
manure
or
some
there
whether
whether
they
Therefore
have
matter,
sarily
neces-
would
they
of
question,
would
which
expense.
sundry,
this
of
economic
an
large accumulation
a
carted
of animal
the
disposed of
occur
really
injuriousby causing greater growth
solves
if not
be
agents
manure
convinced.
should
Apart
weed.
A
usually the
into
am
by
use
be
likely to
it also
I
land
the
produce
to
the
into
worked
disposalof
this process
land
a
absent, or
are
fail to
a
which
land
previousparagraph mention
a
the
For
plant.
possible,back
as
out
the
it available
number.
made
be
to
might
soil,and
the
plant food, but
of
make
for
in
A
of decayed
sufficiency
a
possess
has
Fertility
crops.
wheat
proportion.
cause
to
of
different
for
vegetable matter
and
a
enlightenthem.
excellent
produce
Garden
a
manage
can
meaning
potatoes
to
I
Perhaps
different
to
to
have
not,
to
have
I
commend
re-
plenty
use
all
vegetablerefuse.
i
The
on
are
the
Animal
Manure.
of animal
availability
resources
kept, there
of the
will
holding.
probably
1
will
manure
60
be
If
depend largely
pigs, poultry, "c.,
sufficient.
To
those
Supply of Tools,
unacquainted with
be
must
ample
reasonable
own
bound
by
owners
and
some
those
for the
manure
stables
glad
it may
hence
it shows
the
great
would
that
say
use
will
probably increase
the
of
making
one
manure
;
thirdly,
artificial
of
study
a
the
things:
live-stock ; and
keep
point involved, I
more
before-mentioned
three
coexistent with
be
be
as
suggests three
"
to
add
might
If I
manures.
for
of obtaining animal
difficulty
The
man
a
urges
hotel
towns,
it emphasisesthe importanceof usinggreen
Firstly,
secondly,it
even
are
often
are
away;
fashionable
more
the
a
farmers
Most
Some
In
so.
manure
which
difficulty
becomes
motor
their
carting.
a
"
have
who
take
to
do
to
at
manure
case.
their land.
on
leases
the
not
that there
seem
gettinggood
is
such
manure
their
one
had
of
cost, but
their
use
life it would
country
means
etc.
must
sarily
neces-
thorough cultivation.
Artificial Manure.
I feel it
teaches
but
that
us
that
they
The
manures.
the
is much
there
should,
two
the
ground
avoid
unless
you
Refrain
long
be
far
the
use,
is
as
other
sure
that
mixing
for
the
will
value
different
chemical
161
place
practice
artificials,
animal
of
compatiblewith
together, but
used
plants, be
buying in quantityand
are
got from
thoroughly tilled.
not
also from
before
the
nor
one
the
be
take
as
that
point out
to
to
wholly
cannot
requirementsof
neither
the
absolutelynecessary
be
of much
In
ficials,
purchasingarti-
use
about,
keeping them
will
not
deteriorate.
together too
manures
changes
if
may
take
L
place
XX
CHAPTER
OF
ROTATION
The
is
ROTATION
has
a
spoken
nevertheless
fallacy
to
for
instances
can
the
are
it be
Let
kind
be
other
unwise
be
away
for
the
the
long
too
tilled
much
for
it
reliance
twentieth
rotation, though
altogether.
value
the
on
should
fact
The
cultural
commend
century.
163
sible
impos-
not
it
in
and
that
it
value
can
to
been
is
only
Good
proportion
becoming
cultivation
certainly
of
it
its
good
fallacyhas
state
subject, it
possibilityof
infer
we
a
tillage obtains.
of sourness,
is the
Hence
it is
one
necessity
into
get
same
In
this
draw
of
must
the
year.
advocate
not
or
time.
a
good
when
so
with
after
continually
to
as
gardens, where
Although
land
a
occur,
year
do
waste
sour.
great corrective
need
with
must
soil
the
does
cottage
soil, for there
which
Innumerable
this
I
it wise
the
successfully
its economic
the
from
food
decreased.
lessens
too
so
soil is well
sour
do
do
to
that
land
occupy
ground
same
consider
continually crop
done
a
only
plant
tillageis
as
not
will render
to
the
on
of
it
It is
ignored.
succession.
number
be, but
to
cannot
where
out
be
to
crop
clearly understood
of food
which
is not
in
years
it used
than
now
same
pointed
grown
I do
course.
the
great
a
of
Rotation.
value, and
that
be
for
less
several
of
case
potatoes
its
say
profitably
in
Need
CROPS
does
in
not
placing
rotation, whereas
practitionersof
How
to
Its Economic
Rotation
combined,
of
available
much
as
with its nature.
might
be
givevery
and
the soil the
use
opportunityfor
up
be admitted
or
manure,
the land
onion
to
off it.
put it back
by
plant food,
of
to
waste.
we
take
go
more
put back
suppose
there
crop ; hence
it to
that the
time
same
yet
will in
plant food
all varieties
little
be laid down
It may
to work
their
as
presume,
food, should
and
alike in
much
a
that
Only
an
It
from
lent
equiva-
injurethe
we
when
we
in inordinate
guide for
garden accordingto
plantshaving the
is safe to
that
the
at
a
neglect
quantities,
injuryoccur.
does
so
kind of
we
on
year
celeryagain,and
grow
same
It is foolish
put back
that
to
excellent
an
by taking large crops
land
one
the
absorb, consistent
can
better,provided always we
amount.
to
that the
it
as
good
savingin
a
celeryfor
crops
furthermore
must
food
If I desire
sufficient for
changing the
be
may
whilst
insufficient,
become
with
land, that celerytakes from
plant
again,it is obvious
time
there
If I grow
manure.
well-cultivated
plot of
Value.
previously
pointedout,
this effect,that
has
tillage
amount
as
Garden
a
manage
not
same
nature
take from
follow
each
the
a
those who
are
anxious
reallyhealthyrotation,
and
land
other.
habit,or which,
a
similar kind
Thus
plant
food
in
common
three.
164
of
carrots, parsnips,
beet, although requiringdifferent food, yet
generalcharacteristics
it
are
that it is safe to presume
will be
requiredby
all
THE
CHAPTER
XXI
ERADICATION
OF
WEEDS
Hoeing1.
the
AFTER
gardener
of
wax
can
weeds.
of
question,
much
as
times
a
Again
would
it reflects
it
gives
not
grow
question
weeds
up,
of
if
great
weeds
this is
the
not
flower
to
be
ever
and
will
possible
in
the
One
is
by hoeing,
the
only gain
soil,enabling
it
to
the
derived
receive
more
165
before
they
here
from
the
suggest
if
if
course,
pulled
are
garden
chopped
?
off,
Weeds,
of
Notwithstanding
some
chief
thing
any-
on
to
clean
a
lessen.
to
it may
but
Of
place.
which
diminished
simply
than
is
of
like
taken.
have
are
wrong
utility,horseradish
weed.
to
weeds
rather
grow
plants
seed
land
entering
I would
were
as
Oft-
producing
considerably
prevention
deep-rooting
mean
troublesome
with
it
will
be
might
of
number
course,
get rid of weeds,
to
number
Likewise,
its
how
in
husbandman.
of
however,
That
soil.
the
fertility; a
Before,
subject
except
with
little chance
the
tell.
indifferent
latent
has
the
on
him,
relations
an
of
which
on
cannot
concern
denotes
weeds
allowed
are
their
past
sign
a
measures
how
his
valuable.
their
timely
not
than
he
there
come
does
on
land
weedy
more
that
they
course,
subject
no
indignant
more
How
is
there
weather,
growers
methods
be
a
dealing
of
remarked
hoeing
moisture,
:
and
very
that
it loosens
to
retain
How
and
more,
will
should
feels
amateur
to do
to
do
always
alone
gardening,and
for
happen
ever
good
let him
"
stir the
to
knows
soil
should
keep
down
take
It
hoe.
a
favourable
months.
summer
weeds, and
the
what
not
during
especially
during the
more
the
frequentlypractised.Whenever
desire
a
if this could
"
weather, and
This
be
Garden
a
manage
tend
vigorate
in-
to
the crop.
There
two
are
dutch
hoe.
dutch
hoe
weeds
are
Both
is
of
of hoes
sorts
the
:
draw, and
useful in their different
are
useful
especially
thrust,or
spheres.
lightsoils and
for
The
where
the
It is also useful for
nature.
shallow-rooting
a
the
cleaningand turning.over walks,although for riddingwalks
of weeds
there
be
can
nothingbetter
weed-killer.
Where
saves
certainly
labour,though not
a
this is not
reallygood weed-killer.
hoe, will quicklywear
out
soil is better worked
with
will show.
It will be
broughtto
fine
so
a
hoe
requirea
of
use
largean
on
that
tilth as
a
with
deeper
a
as
does
a
draw
extent
or
gravelpath.
hoe, as
draw
noted
a
A
heavy
littleexperience
a
heavy soil
and
lightersoil,
blade.
cannot
There
are
also
the
two
not
justmentioned.
it is possible
to get among
crops without
As
roots
with
below
and
weeds
there be weeds
the weeds
not
of
seen
damaging them, hoeing should
whether
practised
well
long as
often
simplycut
a
so
that
off
troublesome
to
skim
they may
by the tops, as
nature.
166
as
be
off
or
the
periodically
Get
not.
be got up
is too
be
fore
there-
must
hoes, but they are
triangular
so
good
a
salt,which
use
possible,
to so
if used
a
the
hoe, be it a dutch
A
a
than
by
the
often done
The
of Weeds
Eradication
Weeds.
Troublesome
troublesome
the most
Among
of weeds
absolutelyno
It
several years
a
Of
it is
hand
and
picking.
only but
year
is
There
over.
for
cleaning
certainly
if there is
advantage in havingground thus infested,for
get rid of the evil there
to
a
these,there is
of
any
For
the best time for
course
being dug
thorough determination
must
be deep diggingand thorough breakingup
necessity
of
the soil.
basket
A
the
even
To
straight
away,
the
dug
in the
ground.
hoe
where
other
trench
been
the
ground
friend of mine
experience
for the
weeds,
take
"
makes
out
a
it a
plant his
dug
up.
runner
they will eventually
on
the
the fierce rays of the
raked
with the soil
a
has
previously
be filled likewise.
of
to
autumn
the
pieceon
beans.
The
bottom
rubbish
fifty
years'
some
deep, on
and
sun.
this trench
When
to
face,
sur-
put into
and
up
trench
be
may
it will be necessary
the weeds
each
practice
167
them
Other weeds
weather
it over
All the weeds
into
which
leave
another
throw
them
To
purpose.
cover
burn
to
do
hole.
cultivator
practical
trench, eighteeninches
is then
and
be
out, and
to
dry
they should
filled with
"
In hot
it will
as
that these weeds
in vain.
from
prepared
taken
a
they will wither
cases
pulled out,
of
and
kept at hand,
land, it is better
garden,is labour
the
simplyto
In
the
rubbish-heap,from
to
be
thoroughlysure
bury deeplyin
or
common
return
to
be
should
piece should
make
get returned
not
barrow
or
smallest
surelygrow.
A
or
throughout one
not
together.
is when
ground
all
beard."
man's
deep cultivation
but
cure
be continued
must
this
with
liberally
infested
garden
old
"
colt's-foot,
nettles,docks, and
couch-grass,
are
take
which
out
a
tends
he in-
of the trench
which
accumu-
How
to
late for the next
trench.
As
filled in,and
five
of culture have
to the
weeds
as
to
be
a
of
to be
well
manure,
firstclass
spread
course
attended
-decayed manure
the
to
and
deep cultivation,
green
are
Garden
plantingand
properly;
in this
out
plantingapproaches the
probablysome
Of
a
six months
or
the time
with the soil.
owing
manage
trench
is
ated
incorporother details
but it is chiefly
of the
to
the
rightuse
that the crop
has
invariably
proved
one.
168
XXII
CHAPTER
PROTECTION
What
I
and
therein
including
the
animal
all
Animals
The
of
a
this
large
able
trace
to
attacks
from
dealing
As
of
done.
to
of
alluded
and
cats
cases
it
is
when
they
how
they
The
to.
possible
do
not
to
of
This
smaller
teach
belong
the
fencing.
thing
any-
these
few
out
mischief
type
it
only
by
larger
been
has
domestic
the
better
owner
In
manners
of
the
is
a
viously
presuch
animals,
troublesome.
them
to
be
may
lessen
the
means
pest.
in
kept
very
the
intend
be
often
are
I
be
to
protection
of
intruder
may
can
protective
dogs,
we
include
here
hoped
title
the
specifying
and
animals
that
see
sufficiency
show
pests.
made
methods
the
bug,
a
domestic
For
to
to
bug,
a
it would
individual
mentioned,
bull
a
is
without
each
be
fully
general
with
to
fungoid
well
It
kinds,
all
previously
paragraphs
as
the
separately
from
easy
knowledge.
out
large
Birds.
if treated
for
of
area
and
might
chapter
large volume,
a
of
of
title
bullock
a
and
that
from
crops
from
extending
enemies,
of
gang
Means.
of
protection
the
MEAN
it
CROPS
THE
FOR
many
;
but
garden
for the
Protection
friends
likewise
and
greater is difficult
overstock
an
confine
strivers
become
what
birds
always, but
ward
others
off
of
garden. Apart
the
be
found
have
that
birds
be
to
be
could
better
cultivation.
from
the
evil
than
It
used
the
plants or
only fair
year, and
it is
when
they
able
are
numberless
methods
birds from
be
should
one
fruit
stretched
foot from
such
material
there
is
over
no
is
net
as
the
of
making
scarecrows
be
the
occasion
to
of
case
at
a
at
it off at
171
do
free
each
birds
more
ingress
There
seed
beds
nets
of
quite
ages
Break-
down.
to
are
frighten
to
five
of
months
few
a
distance
better
height of
a
take
is
would
keep
to
repairedwith string.
it
whole
it would
crop.
tightlypegged
strawberries
fruit
the
standard
allow them
the
tightlyacross
may
the
to
benefit
soil and
garden
they would
only during
In
the
pests, which
insect
to
large area.
a
in the
fruit when
this
asked
material
good plan
but
of the
down
they
been
great expense,
increasing the
in
certainlya
is
good,
keep
to
able,
service-
when
have
time, labour, and
expended
them
spare
by nettingin
the
find out
to
often
to
they
where
them
not
all such
they are
has
better
from
much
when
destroy
or
It
thoroughly protected from
is
This
vent
pre-
will
are
endeavour
only
be
not
They
throughout,and
us
troublesome.
it would
whether
to
them
be
to
should
We
the
spare
and
begin
vegetarianism.
friends
are
diet.
meat
a
enemies.
our
birds
injuriousinsects,but they
to
towards
class is the
it is that
Certain
say.
of
themselves
Which
enemies.
many
to
Crops
In
netting
stretch
feet,so
the
that
picking.
How
to
Rats
Trapping1
animals
smaller
Among
rats, mice, and
moles.
creatures, but
bed
seed
method
at
of
such
Gloves
ground.
the moles
be
any
somewhat
and
facilities for
that it is
the weakness
at
The
It is
one
readjusting
if
snare
them.
is
A
piece of
hard
smell, and
of
have
there
be
abundant
are
of
and
thus
colony,
a
There
provided.
to
useful,
are
through
escape
sible
impos-
through negligence an
course
is
catch
to
wanting to bringabout
a
obtained, by which
the entrance
is made
is
a
of each
valuable
of easy
172
for
be the best which
render
thingof
are
form
particular
any
A
with these to
away
foundations
be said
be
if
few
ordinaryspringgin is probablythe
properly set
snare
them
mice, all of which
main
runs
beneath
mice
will do
must
a
The
destroyed.
ruthlessly
preferableto
certainly
againon
set
or
The
or
and
may
will not
measures
annihilation.
rats.
once,
in their
sense
where
the
of the trap, or
occurrence.
for
hangs
Those
vermin
mice,and
be
impossible to singleout
specialmention.
kill the
lay
of traps for
forms
many
Rats
places
to
traps and
numerous
very keen
a
sharp terrier dog
them
to
settingthe trap,as
when
worn
should
in
path
a
suspicious.
a
ing
of earth-
damage
place traps
easilyburrow
be
said to have
are
cat
is to
crosses
should
great extent; but
so
run
and
good qualities,
good
a
the
less
harm-
extremely unsightly.
they cannot
where
as
lawn
a
riddinga garden
pointwhere
a
to
make
or
considerable
do
with
in themselves
are
habit
disagreeable
a
thus
may
contend
usuallyto
latter
they have
soil,and
the
up
The
Mice.
and
have
we
Garden
a
manage
wire
the
their
best
cage, unless
a
cally
the trap is automativictim.
means
running wire
The
of
hang
catching
in the
same
for the
Protection
for rabbits.
way
as
end
of which
is attached
and
caught
have
from
peg in the
a
the
the
slung
rat
ground, and
that when
struggleit
will
mud.
enemies
of
together.
a
the
other
the
rat
disengage
the stick will
Rats
its
dogs
and
is not
down.
piece of glassand
with
earth,
flourish well
will seldom
recommended
be
to
flyup
however, the natural
are,
mice, and
and
Poison
a
up
with it,mixed
surroundings
Cats
rats
break
holes
rat
the
be got
often
may
is
prevent it
to
as
way
or
by pouring water
by ferreting,
stuff the hole and
clay,or
up, in such
wire to free itself.
bitingthe
pliablestick,one
a
its fastening
to the peg, and
effectually
stop
To
to
on
ground, so
to
of their holes
out
firmlyin
commences
stick from
and
is stuck
to
is tied
This
Crops
to the
owing
of accidents.
possibility
Snails.
Slug's and
earthworms
Common
do
they
little or
rendered
unsightlyby
merely to
run
numerous,
the
lime
which
water
that
so
is rather
best
soil.
We
will
be
in
their
have
small
own
certainlyafford
can
we
prepare
the
uncompromising attack
of these
sinews
on
pests is enormous,
characteristic.
If
some
way
to
they
as
in
face,
sur-
land
it
assist in
the
cultivating,
these
of
for the ruthless
war
snails.
this is
not
enterprisingperson
173
weak
the
heavy
a
too
with
to
is
leave
slugsand
but
lawn
worms
worms,
remedy
they become
In
swept off.
to
the
the
of the
certainlybe
may
If
water
to
bring most
advantageous
beingswhilst
and
thing is
they may
draining,and
them.
over
pests, for
as
castings,but
their
brush
the
lawn
A
damage.
no
mentioned
not
are
harmless
The
their
would
tite
appeworst
train
How
slugs and
started
attention
the
earn
it has
found
effective method
of
confine
that
the
evening
hundreds
be
caught making
touch
of
drop
them
as
should
snails to
a
findingout
them
should
we
therefrom.
harbours
them.
scattered
about
killed
The
or
be, and
be
Plenty
in
such
to
of
quite an
that
they
the
Thus
specialities.
the
is
quicklime
have
we
a
we
turnip flea, the
have
also act
hand
picking.
trouble
driving
and
hand
at
or
which
should
be
pests may
be
soot
lightof day.
the less pests there
withstand
by
large mass
a
the
that
them
ashes
into the broad
will
them.
Pests.
with
mapped
the
of enemies.
collection
whole
business
have
to
or
and
up
keep
of the
there
cultivation
important
seem
will not
wood
the
will deter
soot
their abode
that
out
Insect
It is
and
bottom
places so
come
dislike
them
accompanied by
the better will the crops
insects
pick
to
many
vicious
with
who
something similar,close
or
thorough
Among
Those
and
slugs have
It may
be forced
more
be
go to the
the
where
growth, a hedge
speedily
Lime
coal ashes
deterrent,but should
addition
In
showery day
great extent, but
altogether. Sharp
a
he
thoroughly
real and
a
gloves
wear
into the pot of lime.
slugs and
off
of
prizedplant.
some
slug
a
of their
whole
exterminatingslugs is by catching them
the
toward
the
had
attacking another,
only
In
intent
they
once
ence
gardener. By long experi-
every
individually.
can
when
thereto, before
praiseof
been
that
way
would
plant they
a
destructive
a
Garden
a
manage
snails in such
on
would
to
them,
out
for
celery fly,the
peach curl,
the
much
so
so
themselves
onion
Eucharis
fly,
mite.
for the
Protection
Throughout
the whole
undesirables,and
of horticulture
range
if let go
unchecked
little of useful
produce
in the
with
pests,
well
deal
to
find
with
to
out
some
the
these
their habits
obnoxious
letter to
Whitehall
garden.
the
will be
The
asking
diseases
best
way
will
not
do
send
to
of
treat
to
them
harm
an
stamped
un-
Agriculture,4
for leaflets
dealing with
having connection
willingly
suppliedgratis.
175
be
soon
fungoid diseases,is
all readers
Secretary,Board
fungoid
These
with
will
and
characteristics,
advise
Place, London,
insect pests and
the
and
as
these
meet
we
there
garden.
applicationwhich
I would
crops.
as
Crops
with
CHAPTER
XXIII
TRAINING,
PRUNING,
wish
MY
these
is to
here
give
plantsand
trees
there
many
are
mention
Though appliedmore
also
intended
in other
have
to
especially
reference
fruit-trees
departments. Among
different
forms
of
to
training. We
might
bush, the standard, the pyramid, the espalier,
the
the
the cordon*
general principlegoverning
the
importantoperations.
fruit-trees,
they are
to
Training.
of
Forms
ETC.
the
horizontal,the fanshaped and
upright
(See Figs.93-100.)
Shaping
necessityof givingsome
The
be apparent
must
to
the
different
and
a
the
result will be
but
not
rather
wherewith
to
our
to
be
not
own
to
to
all who
of
that
It
must
have
growth
much
a
between
to
run
a
at
will be
a
require much
176
is in
fruit-tree
the start,
and
made,
the
aim
the
nature
seed
found
quantity of growth.
fruit,and
of
consumption,
protectivecovering for
This
tree
a
observe
wild
wild
human
to
to
recognisedthat
reproduce its kind.
we
shape
occasion
growth
be
incompatible with
use
had
produce largefruit for
form
of
sort
If allowed
one.
fruit.
no
is
tree
mode
cultivated
little or
a
Tree.
a
For
only enough
Training,Pruning, etc.
to assist in
growth
the
tree
increase
the
restricted
in
to
some
FIG.
93.
Bush-shaped.
A
direction
one
of the
other.
definite
shape
The
add
to
FIG.
94.
Standard.
An
to
objectin
enable
"
fining
con-
is,
fruitfulthe tree
FIG.
C
to
There
the
to
95.
Espalier.
that
in order
is twofold.
of form
secondly,a symmetry
FIG.
it is evident
Hence
all,the restriction of growth
and
ness,
it.
production
tree
a
first of
be
must
producing
96.
A"
Upright.
B"
Oblique.
Horizontal
Cordon.
-4~
FIG.
trained.
Horizontal
to
benefit
damage
to
of
get
trained.
99.
Fan-shaped.
air, and
light and
to
all parts
be
made
of
a
tree
enable
to
without
the
doing
any.
tree
a
be taken
course
to
FIG.
98.
Upright
fully from
cultivator
If
FIG.
97.
is to
in hand
a
tree
when
when
into
young.
it has
177
a
proper
it must
shape
Any attempt
to
experienced many
alter the
summers
M
Training,Pruning, etc.
consequent
the
to
and
perhaps
the
which
good
must
be patientand
certainly
there is
other
no
the
and
Apples
spring.
New
the tree,
or
in, at the
back
to
much
of the
tree
do
are
very
left,as it is from
where
cut
still,
and
present
young
so
wood
trouble
shoots
to
become
them
to
of old
gross
or
one
consists
portions.
in
is
be
not
in.
be
cutting
knife.
four
If
buds.
and
those
required.
left,as well
With
plenty of
two
or
be worked
to
fruitless
should
growers,
179
to
or
leaves
the
and
sublaterals,
worked
three
same
six
to
when
wood
will
a
the
back
back
young
these
with
of
energy
much
cut
hard
there
long as
find
to
tree
a
requiredfor extending
clearly seen
spurs, and
requiredfor
this that the spurs
pruning
summer
is
in
pruned
gettingrid
side
apt
be
August, and
or
it is
be said that
the
who
superfluousgrowth.
leaf all laterals and
may
back
is
time
same
not
remove
requireplenty of
Apricots produce
as
and
may
the sap is
one
At
of the
much
then
July
which
shoots
divert
in
disbudding
The
to
be
Peaches
is
long period
a
of
nature
vacancies,should
filling
left and
eyes.
skill which
than
growth, except
eight buds
have
pears
old wood
The
way.
try
in that direction
tree
remedy
for them.
wait
unusual
Those
fruitful for
study the
to
it fruits and
how
out
best
owing
Pruning Question.
have
We
into
do, the
will be
rather
intelligence
pruning.
breaks
tree
If
way.
The
It is
obtained.
curtail their roots.
want
trees
be
may
will often
trees
young
lift them
growth,
restraint
frequent
vigour,as
to
slow
on
cherries it
in the
room
pruned,
Plum
should
on
spur
trees
indi-
How
cation
to
of this be
facilitate the
the space
work
and
branch
of
keep
fruits
small
gardeners
many
and
shape
bush
should
prune
It should
allow.
the
ground
the
soil ; and
hand
clear
in
start
is borne
that
an
a
what
we
from
near
a
tree
do
from
the
is
be
to
will
of naked
stem
far
sufficiently
from
as
is
be
can
should
of young
We
want.
be
Unless
not
there
to
and
fairly
easy.
lot of old
at
the
the young
a
out,
greater
well
as
has
back
1
a
the
80
old
In
growths tending
the tree
cut
a
the
fruit
The
is
aim
to
reasonablyborne, and
tree.
growth
thus get
All
cut
is
want
this
difficult matter, but with
unduly extending the
not
bring about
To
tree.
most
a
to
of gettingthe
possibility
a
cuttingit
of this
given area.
it is better
be
art
circumstances
previous year'sgrowth, and
the base
other.
less
well-shapedgooseberry
inches
should
should
old tree
inches
few
with
is
requires much
A
clear three
a
it will be noticed
bushes
it
symmetrical as
as
all parts of the
much
as
that without
each
there
the
on
preserve
the
hold
have
berries,
rasp-
prevent the weight of fruit draggingthem
to
easilyto
condition
from
loganberries. There
the soil ; its branches
above
a
be
in to fillout
Fruits.
gooseberrybush.
a
be
should
handling these, notwithstanding
in
knowledge required
worked
wood
greatly
gooseberries,
currants,
blackberries, and
that
pruning. Spurs
mean
we
will
rejuvenated.
the tree
Small
By
This
root-pruned.
sufficient young
and
encouraged
lifted and
Garden
a
manage
as
neglected
barren
This
ends.
wood
wood
springing
quantityof
to
those
is
fruit
the inside
which
of
cross
great tendency to spread
growths
that
are
to
be
Training,Pruning, etc.
retained.
back
cut
fillout
to
for it.
wood
also
be
each
year.
of the
six inches
yet
over
be
may
let go
to
arch.
an
soil,and
principalpart
of not
in
canes
the best
less than
similar
a
room
should
about
heightof
a
manner,
height of eight or
a
The
ten
value
of this fruit is
away
gladlyin good,
romp
yield abundantly. Thinning
of their
as
encouraged
out, and
cut
treated
is
fresh
up
off at
cut
have
Suckers
distance
a
Blackberries
fullyseen.
rich,cultivated
be
be
may
trained
feet, or
They
at
requiredto
there
be
older.
be
growth
should
should
are
should
ones
Loganberriesare
these
it is
Raspberries throw
trained in
apart.
five feet.
although
old
ones
annual
currants
the base
which
those
encouraged.
The
the
possibleleft,provided
as
place of
young
is the
Black
tree.
Young growths from
take the
not
the
have
eyes except where
two
or
one
young
should
currants
extend
or
much
to
Red
for
pruning;
they should
out
not
greatlyrestrained.
Trimming1.
Hedge
Frequently hedges
neatly
so
never
hedges
in the
shears
in
subjects.
clothed
at
filled out
should
to
slashed
neglected in
a
If
naked
its
high hedge
laurels
back
with
about
in
hedge
a
hedge
a
to
be found
that
Most
they do
get it well
which
persons
not
the
hideous
most
is
the
wise
knife,other-
a
a
is
large-leaved
or
is well
below, it is very certain
youth.
181
in
pleasure ground, use
cut
great thing in
the top but
get
be
the work
Whether
shears.
with
except
the bottom.
at
been
anxious
cases
hook, but
a
in the
garden, or
These
The
manner.
with
as
leaves will be
the
have
all
done
with
cut
are
see
are
to
so
the need
How
of
laying a good
kept
to
to
in
hard
foundation
on
good condition, hedges
break
year.
manage
To
into
which
which
growth quickly should
allow
in is to make
them
the
to
grow
hedge
an
182
Garden
a
to
build.
To
be
displaya tendency
be
rankly and
eyesore.
clipped
then
twice
cut
them
a
CHAPTER
CARE
XXIV
OF
GREENHOUSE
A
Potting.
the
AMONG
of
how
for
can
in
plant
to
culture
a
be
lime
soil, peat,
leaf
I
pot
can
their
this
first
there
is
roots,
which
keep
a
good
three
most
potting
soil
the
likely
soil
a
four
to
well
soil.
183
be
can
of
be
plenty
open,
and
of
are
any
to
the
an
can
its
one,
that
of
old
good
the
gredients
inone
change
perusal
for
procured
inches
indoor
useful
occasion
completed
feeble
addition
other
have
it
cannot
good
the
opinion
that
we
soil, which
numerous
have
that
"
up
a
In
?
by
will
soil
into
sustenance
of
cabined
good
reduced
that
or
and
is not
are
they
and
basis
and
who
before
best
Here
of
those
The
is the
purposes
greatly
successfully
hasty opinion
chapter.
if the
temperature,
them
own
;
other
a
get
our
important
the
advantage
great
rubble
hope
plant
a
be
may
to
plant's
this
Even
in
ment
manage-
from
caged
adjusted
the
most
suitable
are
choose
extent
effect
harmful
roots
the
assistance
energy
is
outside.
done
as
the
for
there
large
very
such
so
with
probably
any
months'
providing
of
is
get
its
soil, or
several
requires
way
if
watering,
worthless
a
plant
a
conditions,
favourable
careful
this
greenhouse
a
connected
operations
many
of
potting
pasture.
fibrous
chief
test
How
to
Turfs.
Stacking1 the
The
best
before
autumn,
weather.
The
The
four.
chosen
A
for
The
stackingare,
keeping
layerof
used
pests.
roofed
When
less than
with
or
insect
from
As
in
the
same
turf every
becoming
process
will also
of
assist in
the northern
quicklybecome
for
reasons
soil is
is
there
To
dry, and
to
spread
sides,so
it
by
a
more
the
not
aid
in
further
each
over
leaf soil may
sprinkling
approaches completion,it
which
cuttingarrives,
the turf be
chief
insect
destroyingmany
the
side
but the
little,
occasional
An
be
quickly.
more
or
building,
eventuallycompleting
for
should
days.
be
may
by graduallynarrowing
the time
The
too
more
be put grass
matters
few
feet
amount
nor
bottom
pests, and
purpose.
stack
the
on
be stifled
six feet.
wet
is two
the
vegetationis stifled,
during the
soot
firm
a
early
by
inches
two
of the stack
exceed
that the
for the
depends
course
the
sodden
the turfs should
breadth
turf from
turfs
spring,let
on
be
cuttingfresh
the
of
during
stacking purposes
vegetation
may
never
spans, and
two
become
it,well-decayed manure
enrich
of lime
has
dry spot
be freed
of
land
not
that
so
heightshould
trouble
turfs is
depth
length and
likelyto
the
and
stacking,
downwards,
be
the
fibre,but should
than
cut
to
best size for
foot.
by one
of
time
Garden
a
manage
should
to
as
form
of turfs.
row
should
be
be
in the
down, commencing
chopped straight
side,so
that
the
dry.
184
exposed
surface
will not
of
Care
Greenhouse
a
Composts.
treatingof
Before
it is
in
formed
however, the
has
grower
all
possible,
sticks
then
in
up
heap
a
for
should
they
from
They
plant
food.
orchid,and
used.
is
Peat
the
greatlyvalued
be
opening
plum,
a
resultingbeing
and
the
must
thrown
half-
account
of
be
addition
soil
to
will
Ashes
spoken
too
a
not
They
as
up
the
on
be
changed
wood-ashes
soil,the dust
Charcoal
are
are
to
a
valuable
plants whose
considerable
some
burning
and
turf is
hot, burning nature, and
a
wanting substance, and
the
of
pieces as
ground.
soil
for
plant
reason
the
into
the
the
together as resultingfrom
of
are
by
broken
a
generally
with
where
liberallyapplied. They
resulting from
of
about
being
to
more
demand
incorporatedin
be classed
may
process.
not
well
be
time
"
applied,and
is
It should
and
wood-ashes
same
which
vent
pre-
a
largelyendowed
greatlyin
is
nature
lacking in fibre.
largeas
in itself
are
qualities
of two
as
sufficiently
which
on
latter is
The
retain food
food, it can
to
being passed through
of
usuallybought
not
far
leaves
following year, by
common.
Though
Usually,
over
hardlylikelyto
is
elms,
As
The
omitted.
are
soil is
Leaf
mixture.
a
quality of retaining moisture, in addition
its
its
leaf soil
frequentlyturned
and
capable
be
riddle.
inch
be
until the
use
have
to
should
fermentation.
decayed
The
chestnuts, "c., being far inferior.
sycamores,
set
best
The
a
of which
mentioned.
leaves; that
beech
and
oak
from
soil.
is leaf
importance
compost,
a
materials
the
on
already been
has
Turf
composed.
next
expended
be
might
words
few
of
general make-up
the
of
very
rubbish
valuable.
time.
are
also
Before
of
Care
nearlyas
hollow
the
put
around, and
finallya
crocks.
the
or
crocks
It will then
soil worked
be
put
Enough
water, the distance between
pot
being
be
potting may
is
give
not
great
Let
difference
a
the
See
the
between
the
Do
firm.
not
the
ram
question of
The
the
crocks
of the hands
be
left for
the rim
few
of the
is,do
not
of the
rules
for
Do
plant.
let there be
pot and
the centre
the
too
one.
new
of the pot, and
inch
of the
new
hard, but yet make
varies
firmness
plant
plenty of drainage
that
soil too
The
the
newly prepared
A
by quitean
let the ball of soil be covered
compost.
inch.
old
choking
should
character
upright in
plant stand
means
an
shift ; that
large a
too
it by
room
half
appended.
provided accordingto
the
finely
placed moss,
pot and
into
pieces
of
put in.
the surface and
less than
never
be
soil from
the
well around
stick.
ramming
handful
should
of its former
out
put in with
smaller
more
soil is then
more
be knocked
pot, and
few
turf to prevent
little
A
the
Over
rough
extracted.
pot, and
A
broken
drainage.
of the
downwards.
be
leaves,or
bottom
side
should
should
the
large as
Greenhouse
a
with
each
it
class of
plants.
Watering:.
A
hints
often
paragraph
on
this
they
will
matter
surely be
quantity of
character
no
water
of the
and
annoyance,
lay
well-nighimpossible to
watering,for
allowed
important subject,an
much
causes
surely be
must
down
subject to
given
plant,and
ignorance
ofttimes
any
explicitand
how
varies
the
187
give
to
many
a
few
of which
failure.
It is
definite
rules
how
numerous,
for
exceptions. The
greatlyaccording
specialcircumstances
to
the
under
How
which
to
it is grown.
more
water
roots
have
A
than
than
Do
in
give
More
If you
watering.
There
is in
plant
leaves
found
if it
is
be
to
to
soft and
light;
sharply rapped.
become
in
a
there is
a
this
in
be
morning
the
has
the
feels
when
been
Use
pot
allowed
to
it for
which
the
house.
is
water
If
watering
afternoon, and
Soft
is
difficulty
no
months,
summer
winter.
the
water
as
if its
dusty ;
stand
there will be
the
it is
lifted,it is
is to
remedy
house
in winter.
flags;
and
temperature
same
the
wilts,or
water.
chieflyin
done
during
superiorto
of
During
matter.
should
bucket
within
tank
best
hot, dry,
refrain from
to
sound
plant
than
whether
discovering
soil looks
a
the
the
approximatelyof
if the
whose
certain
are
flabby;if, when
When
unduly dry,
time
some
of
in
than
until you
decidedly hollow
a
plant
needed
If it
require
require more
doubtful, it is safer
of water.
need
gives forth
plant
will
A
summer
several methods
are
very
will
in
more
a
are
unduly
are
house.
will be
water
; and
water
required.
a
cool
a
hothouse
a
filled their pot
well
dull,weather
not
in
one
just potted.
one
in
plant
Garden
a
manage
in
the
decidedly
hard.
Shading.
Although
the
is nevertheless
to
be
this
shaded
shading
should
that
its full
during
necessityarises
not
the
a
be
is what
much
there
good
are
hottest
of
is
breaks
the fierceness of the
thick.
plants,it
plants which
of course,
part of the
The
difficulty.
too
all
to
many
glare. These,
nature
canvas
do
rays
certain
withstand
cannot
sun's
day.
material
With
used
for
in
the
Something
required. This,
have
it will be seen,
sun's rays but does
188
not
greatly
of
Care
diminish
the
light.
shading,the best
be
rolled
blind
is
known
to
put
formed
"
of
method
the
requires
which
best
laths,and
They
last
blind
a
of
shading
permanent
recommended
where
only when
is
to
use
is not
sort
more
less
rolled
canvas
shading is
material
reallynecessary
which
cheaper.
"
moveable
of
long-run much
tiffany or
this
of
form
longer, are
the
be
can
glass.
all to
at
on
mixture
a
summer-clouding painted evenly over
as
can
be found
may
much
in the
by
on
will ; and
they
shaded
Another
known
that
therefore
best
are
stick.
Shade
at
first but
troublesome, and
A
down
which
greenhouse
a
the lath-roller blinds.
expensive at
a
is
undoubtedly
as
Frames
If it is
method
and
up
Greenhouse
a
be
employed.
overshading is harmful.
:
Ventilation.
A
needs
greenhouse
their
therein
due
with
necessary
airingin
quantityof
Where
house.
the culture of
a
kind
one
their
benefit,as when
of
rules which
wet, cold
The
is set
not
there is
a
apart
as
whole
quite as
occupants
especiallyfor
carnations,
ferns,
ventilate
for
of miscellaneous
mass
attention.
plants
only difficulty
difficult to
so
is
suit the
to
as
the
Here
as
in
other
gardening it is well-nighimpossible to lay down
of
mentioned.
so
allow
air, and
plants,such
requiringdifferent
matter
phases
it
house
it is
begonias,vines,"c.,
fresh
to
with animals.
plants as
arisingis the regulationof
of the
order
can
be
considered
Ventilate
weather.
sparinglyon
During
blow
allow
the wind
not
open
the top ventilators when
straightin
189
A
few
foggydays
hot weather
not
to
absolute.
very
may
and
give full
during
air.
the
plants.
windy.
Commence
on
be
Do
Do
How
ventilate
to
morning
the
up
as
; and
the
house
justa
chink
house.
Do
already too
the
as
close the
dull
little
of air to
not
cold.
open
the
and
the ventilators
as
strikes the
sun
lightsas
When
Garden
a
manage
soon
heat.
quickly,work
of
to
so
periods
sunny
as
to
remain
always
on
the ventilators
These
few
rules
best
gardening
of
is
which
perhaps help
to
this
as
principlein
in
allow
top of the
house
a
will
the
departments
alternate
winter
the
at
of
simplifythe matter, although
all other
bottle
alter the temperature
possible. During
as
to
wanes,
sun
in the
house
is
to
observe
and
practise.
For
the
fuller information
author's
Manage
Price
is.
work
on
on
the
care
"Greenhouses,
Them," published by
net.
190
Messrs.
of
a
greenhouse,see
How
C. A.
to
Make
and
Pearson, Ltd.
CHAPTER
XXV
CALENDAR
GARDEN
A
January.
DIG
ground.
vacant
it.
Wheel
manure
and
bed.
Plant
and
in
pits
rhubarb
and
for
melons
Plant
and
other
and
pears,
"c.,
between
houses
Sow
primulas
Put
in
down
inside
in
and
pan.
of
cuttings
green
the
in
and
Start
out.
some
other
scions
of
apples,
crops
and
clean
in
gentle
heat.
vines.
first batch
of
chrysanthemums.
store
espaliers.
Clean
pot
and
pyramid
and
trees
boxes
morning.
Bring
cabbages
Prune
among
onions
Sow
during
plants
Hoe
cucumbers,
of
by
Put
trees.
grafting.
for
them.
Water
plant
peach
train
wall
up
of
supply
up
weather.
nail
or
Force
pots.
keep
potatoes
over
favourable
Tie
in
seed
Burn
mushroom
tomatoes,
Sow
Look
in
trees.
Prune
work.
frost.
Make
and
Sow
plants needing
hard
beans
and
seakale.
early
all
during
hotbeds
and
trees
frost
hotbeds.
up
peas,
boxes.
in
cauliflowers
roots.
Make
potatoes,
asparagus
forced
ground
on
rubbish.
weeds
from
Protect
Wash
gloxinias.
strawberries
inside.
Fumigate
to
keep
fly.
February.
Roll
plants
lawn
such
after
as
showers.
Keep
up
succession
bulbs, azaleas, spireas,
191
"c.
See
of
forcing
that
seed
How
potatoes
vines
and
fruit in
to
it well.
water
all inside
with
troubled
and
mealy bug
and
loganberries.Pot
sprouts in boxes
inside.
and
bulbs
Start
of
plants
up
that
a
cold
Put
in
Prepare
manure.
chrysanthemums.
or
with
frame
water
if
water
Sow
the
near
raspberry
up
Brussels
Put
pot
yellow
Plant
parsley.
rootbound
are
Tie
and
cuttings
soapy
frames.
caladiums
early celery, lettuce, and
Pot
Take
amaryllis.
in
carrots
Wash
gooseberriesand
plants with
scale.
border
weekly.
cress
Prune
and
Start
Top-dress vine
August.
baskets.
frost.
floweringplants. Keep plenty of
pipes. Sponge
Sow
yet free from
mustard
Sow
boxes, and
summer
canes
and
Keep flowering-housefairly
dry.
currants.
hot
July and
Garden
a
manage
kept exposed
are
pots, pans,
of
to
roses
calla.
shallots.
give them
liquid
bottom
ash
for
cuttingsof geraniums.
March.
Give
more
air to
greenhouses,pits,and
plantsin good
stove
and
compost.
open
tomatoes
they
as
celeriac,"c.
Plant
and
two-and-a-half
Get
soil
Make
broken
trench
a
floors of
ready
ready for
rhubarb.
and
Chinese).
Put
in
Plant
Pull
sweet
and
trees
Make
glass houses.
and
between
feet
Syringepeach
beans.
in
asparagus
down
need
for
peas
dig
new
up
it.
up
themums
chrysan-
up also
rows
Sow
four
of
seed
sowing
and
old
feet
apart
Graft
plants.
vines twice
potatoes and
or
Pot
turnips,radishes, celery,
spinach, lettuce,savoys,
peas,
Pot
frames.
and
trees.
planting.
also for
runner
daily. Damp
plantationsof
artichokes
seakale
(Jerusalem
cabbage stumps,
"c.
cuttingsof coleus, winter carnations,begonias,"c.
192
Dig
house
obtain
to
inside.
trees
border.
herbaceous
over
Calendar
Garden
A
Put
cuttings. Pot
in
root
eucharis.
up
cauliflowers
Plant
dahlia
warm
Disbud
peach
early.
sown
April.
Plant
into
chrysanthemums
old
six-inch
forcing stuff outside.
Give asparagus
boxes.
from
out
Pot
land
celeryin
out
is vacant.
also
up
inside
stuff and
and
gloxinias,
gesneras,
Do
Plant
manure.
tender
and
borders.
grass
other
hoe
Prune
trenches
sow
but
roses.
Prick
off
Pot
gonias,
cuttings,also befruit of pot strawberries.
liquid
with
water
and
in
celeryif
seed.
more
Shade
crotons
asters.
for
bed.
Thin
going
of savoys,
stocks, and
in house.
Allow
plenty of light. Keep
seed
Sow
all rooted
"c.
cucumbers
plants.
pot up
onions, also plant
mushroom
syringe them
not
Sow
Prepare
Make
primulas,cyclamen,
on
salt.
marrows,
frame.
seedling plants of
and
spireas and
Put
calanthes.
up
broccoli, curly greens,
Prick
Divide
pots.
Keep vinery drier during flowering.
dressingof
a
flowering. Shift
trees
chrysanthemums.
of
stools
peach
Cover
potatoes.
all
seedlings
foliage plants
garden. Clean
Clip ivy on
walls.
baceous
herTrim
edgings.
May.
Sow
seed
primulas. Take
up
tuberoses
vines
vines
and
and
beet, also of cinerarias,calceolarias,
of
Pot
cuttingsof euphorbiasand poinsettias.
and
give some
again.
Plant
plunge
in heat.
artificial
runner
beans.
193
Thin
manure.
Sow
Water
grapes.
Do
beet.
syringe
not
Mow
lawns.
N
scorched.
become
border
Keep
damped
well
weed-killer
Use
spider.
off red
Calendar
Garden
A
Tie
walks.
on
to
ward
in main
of wall fruit.
shoots
July.
and
border.
peach
Mulch
cut
berries.
bad
out
mealy bug
and
scale,and
green
fly.
Put
tub
water.
Sow
border
stake
and
all
in pots for
ground
loosely.
for
colour.
for
seed
Summer
back
to four
Dig
up
Sow
watered.
Peg
Make
lawns
every
shoots
week.
to stakes
up
Look
raspberrycanes
when
they
mence
com-
sweet
and
apples
peas
pears
Clip hedges
for seed.
be used.
Dry
off
flowering. Keep celerywell
bedding plants.
many
berries
straw-
pare
plantations. Pre-
side
mushroom
up
all
herbaceous
the knife should
spinach. Keep
tomatoes.
down
finished
more
down
catch
Layer
five buds.
or
'earlypotatoes, choosing best
have
it.
new
prune
where
shears,except laurels,
which
gloxinias
to
pods pulled off
with
from
need
syringing peaches
Keep
by cuttinggrowth
house
Clean
spring use.
plants that
rhododendrons.
and
spoutingof
plantations. Tie
off
vines,
fumigate regularlyfor thripand
forcingand
new
Leave
to
for
to
manure
Sponge plants to keep
beneath
cabbage
artificial
Give
well after
shoots
bed.
Stake
pinched
Bud
dahlias.
roses.
Mow
chrysanthemums.
Tie
wire' fence.
or
August.
Layer
and
carnations.
plant others
out
strawberries in six-inch pots,
Pot
up
two
feet apart.
195
Keep cyclamen
well
How
to
ventilated,shaded, and
that boiler
See
Take
Pot
syringed.
and
palms
up
slime
winter
from
Continue
for.
the
boxes
Pot
in
Put
hyacinths,and
all
from
when
seeds
of
quite
in cold
in
Sow
more
high.
feet
Clean
off all buds
keep
month.
rooted
stand
cabbage
tings
cut-
other
many
Pot
seed.
shoots
up
dead
Remove
out
stuff.
Take
and
ashes.
few
a
bedding
rose-blooms.
Thin
ones
for
frames.
roses
off dead
plunge
house.
another
propagate
cuttingsof
plants.
four
Keep
Sow
finished
when
subjects. Cut
hard-wooded
tomatoes
to
cool
a
Pinch
and
lilies,
Commence
of violas.
flowers
for
good repair.
is root-bound.
onions.
arum
up
in
are
and
propagate poinsettias,
shade.
roman
Sow
celeryslightly.
up
strike in
stuff which
off pots.
in
days
other
floweringplants
to
well cared
Earth
heating apparatus
cuttingsof hydrangeas,and
all green
Put
and
Garden
a
manage
Stop
of raspberries.
vinery dry during ripening of
berries
cyclamen.
September.
Gather
Put
spring.
in the
Pull
apples carefully.Cut
up
layerof
a
onions, and
store
times
case
week.
a
when
straw.
ripened.
houses
for
pitsand
frames
Gather
green
fruit from
tomatoes,
geraniums
ripe.
Take
Allow
to
Store
two
turf.
themums
chrysanor
three
earlier in the
and
put
on
in
noon.
aftershelf
primulas,cyclamen, tree carnations,
develop
in
potting
puttingplantsinside
Close
spot.
Water
water
manure
of frost.
in sunny
and
Prepare
stack for
with
alternately
manure
when
well, giving them
turf and
a
their buds.
cool
up
dry place, and
and
cuttingsof calceolarias,
196
Dig
dibble
potatoes
cover
with
in frame.
Pot
hyacinths,and
tulipsand
to
that
in ashes
Take
"c.,
valves, air-traps,
all
work
well.
when
pricesrule
wallflowers.
Plant
mence
Com-
ashes.
forcing stuff.
other
soil.
or
in
plunge
spireasand
pot up
pot strawberries
See
Calendar
Garden
A
Plunge
shadingoff
houses.
heating apparatus
on
in
Buy
stock
a
of
fuel
low.
October.
out
Get
old
up
cuttingsin spring.
other
and
Plant
with
bug.
and
put
clean
in
trench
border
with
heap
a
Trench
in
ground
stuff
the
to
provide
to
tulipsand
Plant
spring flowering.
Wash
Get
Plant
celeriac
up
till required,digging up
only
spring
out
and
in grass, also
in sand.
leaves
borders.
dahlias
up
infested
are
Gather
trees.
leaf-soil.
form
quently.
fre-
rooted.
if sufficiently
eucharis,which
other
Cut
Syringe less
beds.
daffodils
beet, and
ments.
arrange-
mums
chrysanthe-
Get
replant herbaceous
and
Cut
laurels,hollies,bulbs, "c.
heavy ground.
carrots,
bedding
carnations
fruit and
cool, dry place. Plant
Store
for
amaryllisand
Plant
cabbages.
and
as
needful
plants housed.
and
out
other
carnations.
on
bulbs
boxes
bulbs, such
Pot
other
asparagus
of
plants
tender
hyacinths and
Fill window
make
beds, and
flower
new
down
repair those already made.
gravel walks, or
Make
Leave
Dig
in
store
crocuses.
parsnips
sufficient
to
last
during frost.
November.
Pot
on
up
land
cuttingsrooted
badly
infested
in
with
197
greenhouse.
insect
pests,
Put
or
gas-lime
with
the
How
to
cabbage club-root.
take
forcingseakale
Commence
fruit-trees that
have
on
from
bulbs
in
in
the
eyes
up
burns
well
orchard
garden
frame
over
keep
them
of
the
walls
clean.
better
keep
to
ashes
Put
frost.
out
Select
chrysanthemums.
the
that
fire
round
protect during frost.
be
to
trained.
Put
a
along early,and
soil round
or
cuttings.
Dig ground
get them
to
roses
trees.
propagated
the
See
night.
fruit is
where
Christmas
vines and
be
of
some
celeryand
up
prune
nail wall
to
are
in
spring,heel
Earth
trees.
Point
the
If vines
variety.
throughout
Lift and
and
prune
frames, "c., during frost.
Cover
currants.
vigorously. Prune
weather
peaches. During mild
Pot
rhubarb.
and
grown
machine,
and
raspberries
Plant
store.
Clean
mowing.
Discontinue
piecesand
to
Garden
a
manage
wooden
Commence
frames,
takingcuttings
the base.
sturdypiecesfrom
December.
sulphur among
Dust
plentyof
Give
them
over
all root
with
apples
whitewash
and
bad
weather.
Plant
list.
Look
some
Wash
moss
in cold
few
Make
box
for
of
off orchard
days before
to
Clean
vine
greenhouses,and
walks.
edging
hedges.
year'swork
trees.
prepare
it is
198
also
for
required in
Put
Dig
Prepare
and
raspberriesand
Prune
house
ones;
labels,stakes, "c.,
and
account
successes.
Scrape
strawberries
over
petals. Look
little ferns.
up
shrubs
Plant
prevent mildew.
decayed
remove
Pot
sheds.
failures and
soil
pears.
of
walls
shrubs.
among
seed
vegetablesand
to
all bad
Remove
room.
pruning is completed.
rods when
during
chrysanthemums
some
note
berries.
loganpot
forcing. Mix
order
that
it
Garden
A
become
may
down
old
Strike
frame
chrysanthemum
frames
Water
warm.
chrysanthemums
plants in
Calendar
and
as
they
induce
go
in
199
Cut
flower.
Put
of
out
cuttings to
cuttings with
possible.
morning.
as
spring
little heat
up.
as
INDEX
Animal
160
manure,
169
pests,
Carpet
to
trees,
to
Artichokes,
Ashes,
161
manure,
wood,
of
Asparagus,
46
1
Asphalt
for
Cherries,
82
89
lawn,
a
frames,
Composts,
Concrete
Beds,
Beetroot,
Bird
39
currants,
to
Blackberries,
Boards
to
for
Borders,
a
prune,
177
question
Buds
43
Currants,
82
Cuttings,
140
D
115
leaves,
of,
21
Daisies
in
a
Design
in
the
Digging,
142
97
garden,
of,
1
8
trees,
79
144
Draining,
Drives,
flower
between
Division,
42
lawn,
131
Distances
52
41
sprouts,
and
75
44
kale,
value
32
renewing,
Brussels
garden,
33
greenhouse,
the
edging,
Broccoli,
fruit
181
55
Boundary,
Box
89
181
prune,
edging,
for
Boiler
the, 15
to
169
pests,
Black
Curly
of, 99
shape
96
walks,
Cucumbers,
153
39
185
Cottager's
Bedding,
185
117
for
Cordons,
46
Beans,
potting,
proximity
Cold
B
44
artichokes,
Coast,
walks,
celeriac,
for
Cleaning
8
Aspect,
153
43
Charcoal
Chinese
185
191
39
and
Celery
179
39
use
bedding,
Cauliflowers,
prune,
Artificial
gardener's,
a
Carrots,
179
prune,
80
Apricots,
42
Calendar,
80
Apples,
Apple
Cabbages,
70
methods
of,
120
Index
Rockery,
Parsley,46
Parsnips,40
a,
83
103
crops,
Rose
garden, 58
Rotation
Path, qualitiesof
Paths,
a,
Root
39
of crops,
163
Rubbish, disposalof, 133
70
of, 28
arrangement
the
edging of, 32
upkeep of, 90
Peaches,
to
Pears,
Pear
Savoys,43
80
prune,
Seakale, 48
179
Seed, 136
80
trees, to prune,
Shading,
179
Peas, 47
Shaping
Peat
Shelter, 18
for
potting,185
Pergolas,58
188
on,
tree, 176
a
Pests, garden, 169
Shrubs, arrangement
Site, choosing the,
Pillars and
Slugs
pergolas,57
Planting and
Plant,
when
bedding,
149
Sowing,
to, 150
Spade
Plums,
Span
80
plant,how
a
Potatoes,
and
plough,
-roofed
Staging
crocks, 186
for
Potting, 183
Standard
Privet
Stock,
on
Stones
for
hedge, the, 19
Protection
for crops,
169
Pruning, 176
127
greenhouse, in
a
42
greenhouse,
trees,
114
177
purchasing, 145
edging, 33
Strawberries, 82
question,the,
small
138
on,
v.
Spinach, 48
Sprouting broccoli,
to, 186
41
Potsherds
u
snails, 173
and
Soil, the, 16
Pleasure garden, the, 66
Pot
of, 68
179
Summer
bedding,
Tenant's
rights,20
155
fruits, 180
Pyramids,
177
R
Thyme, 46
Radishes,
Tiles for
45
Railings,wooden,
Raspberries,82
to
prune,
currants,
Rhubarb,
Rock
45
Tools, on, 158
181
Training, pruning, 176
Rats, trapping,172
Red
edging, 33
Tomatoes,
24
to
prune,
Trapping
180
Trees
48
garden, a,
rats
shelter,19
positionof, 34
as
Trenching,
72
203
and
128
mice,
172
Index
Turf
W
weeds, 167
Troublesome
for
edging,
for
potting, 184
34
composition
Walk,
of a,
construction
Turnips,
84
87
41
Walks,
Wall
Variety
of a,
Vegetable garden, the,
on,
gardens,
Water
supply, the, 16,
in
189
THE
Printed
on,
a
lawn,
HANSON
6r" London
^
37,
187
eradication
97
END
by BALLANTYNE,
Edinburgh
building, 22
on
Weeds,
21
108
Walls,
Watering,
of fruit,77
Ventilation,
70
Co.
of, 165
122
SPECIAL
NOTICE.
S E EDS
IF
WANT
YOU
REALLY GOOD SEEDS AND BULBS
MODERATE
AT
PRICES,
TO
SEND
MR.
BIRMINGHAM,
STREET,
TENBY
No
will
one
by all to
published.
acknowledged
serve
LISTS
the
Beit,
They
contain
be
WORTH
most
Mr.
Prizes
the
of
Selections
celebrated
Professional
They
alto contain
SYDENH
at
Seed
and
so
much
with
sent
than
and
rueful
very
Reliable
ertr
BULBS
Market
cultural
and
Gardener*,
Kingdom.
the
in the
Amateurs
instructions.
Seeds
and
were
represented
gained First
Edinburgh,
Newcastle-on-Tyne,
Shrewsbury,
and
Cardiff,
Wolverhampton,
other
many
for
PEAS
give
AND
Growers,
Gardeners
Kingdom,
the
over
SWEET
Mo flowers
instructions
most
Birmingham,
Taunton,
all
and
Best
GROWING.
Largest
Bulbs
AM'S
London,
Hanley,
Exhibitions
Cheapest,
only the
FLOWERS,
VEGETABLES,
Being the
better.
you
UNIQUE
HIS
Are
SYDENHAM,
ROBERT
cut
bloom
at
Collection.
two
from
any
last
so
His
little cost
Sweet
three
or
twelve
years.
SPECIALITY.
A
each
those
the
and
Peas
firms
trouble
have
gained
put together.
if treated
more
as
Prizes
of each, 18. 6d. ; 12 good varieties,50 seeds of each
(or 28.
Collections
6d. ; a Third
Collection of the IS best
varieties for Exhibition, 28.
6d. ; or the Three
Collections,4s. 6d., p.st free,
and
with a Packet of each of the four best striped varieties
100 seeds of Countess
Speuoer Giant Seedling, free of charge ;
12 useful
18. 9d.
varieties, 50 seeds
;
or
the
Two
sold
Generally
THE
BEST
TOMATOES,
THE
BEST
CUCUMBERS,
THE
BEST
ONIONS,
Bd.
ALL
FULL
per
OTHER
LISTS
at
much
3d.
per
6d.
"AILSA
packet
SEEDS
POST
per
CRAIG"
of
higher
packet
packet
and
about
EQUALLY
FREE
ON
of*
of
2OO
1O
"EXCELSIOR."
3OOO
CHEAP
prices.
Seeds.
AND
GOOD.
APPLICATION.
Seeds.
Seeds.
Small
HOW
AND
Gardens
MAKE
TO
THE
By
MOST
Ptstfree,is. zd.
Cltth,priceit.
This
handbook
Gardener.
The
the
of
directions
the pocketand
of
want
SOME
CHAP.
with
teems
wrinkles
THE
XI."
8 CHAPTERS
1
INS
AND
"
Fruit
flavour
CHAP.
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make
to
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them
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CHAP.
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"
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"
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of flowers in
THE
XVII."
Size minus
gardens
flowers
resuscitating
Table
"
"
DECORATION.
Preservingand
schemes
DENING.
GAR-
BOXES.
TABLE
Graceful
OF
"
different aspects,
plantsfor
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Herbs.
"
XIV."
:
PROFITABLE
Vegetables
"
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OUTS
Best kinds for small
"
regard to
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THE
due
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Shelter
Puddling
time for everything,
etc.
"
XII."
would-be
Horticulturist.
"
Planting Watering
Cataloguedefects A
CHAP.
with
lucid,
clear and
contains
and
the
importanceto
of the amateur
experience
THE
OF
useful information
utmost
are
THEM
BIDDLE
PURTON
VIOLET
numberless
OF
stems
"
"
Colour
season.
MANAGEMENT
OF
ROOM
PLANTS.
Best
way
CHAP.
kinds
of
"roughing
watering them,
XVIII."
Artificial
dead
for
flowers
"
The
proper
etc.
Labelling Cutting
etc.
Buying plants,
"
"
CALENDAR,
GARDENING
"
HINTS.
VARIOUS
manures
it"
planting,bedding
and
givingthe times for
watering the various
plants.
Jt
Stok
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Booksellert,
of the
Publisher,17, HenriettM Street, W.C.
all
off
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WILLIAMS
The
grown
produce fruit, not
only- A erand co1-
loam
See
KEYNES,
from
Trees
^P
_
now
speciality for
great
most
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produce satisfactory resuits.
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fail.
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often
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peculiarly
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SALISBURY
Nurseries,
1740
Established
Greenhouses
How
Crown
and
WILLIAM
By
Author
Make
to
of
"
How
to
Make
Cloth.
Svo,
Contents
include
F.
ROWLES
and
Manage
With
Them
"
Garden
a
Illustrations
many
Is.
Price
The
Manage
full information
on
"
The
Construction"
a
Heating Question
Working
up
ing
WaterPropagation Pots and Potting" Soils and Manures
Ventilation
Shading" Tying and Staking" Syringing" Training
Tools
Arranging" Cleanliness"
Forcing
"Pinching and Pruning"
and
Accessories
and
Specialisation Selection
Utilising Space
Suitable Plants, "c.
Improvement
House
"
Stock"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
At all
Booksellers,
or
postfreefor is. 2d. from the Publishers,
C. Arthur Pearson, Ltd., Henrietta Street,W.C.
Roses
How
and
Them
Grow
Violet
By
to
Author
Small
"
Gardens
With
and
How
of
Make
to
Chapter by
a
To
in
Roses
Free
the
public
Is.
who
2d.
interested
are
would
we
is
which
book,
the
of
J. Wright
8vo.
Is., Post
those
of Them."
the Most
Horace
Crown
Price
Biddle,
P.
this
heartilyrecommend
written
by an
authority on
subject.
SOME
OF
NUMEROUS
THE
Hints
Introductory
Borders
"
Select
"
the
Roses"
"Climbing
"
Roses
for
"
Rose
Pergolas
Roses
"
"
"
Rose
New
Roses
Hints
"
Introduced
Publish*,
17
"
"
for
Roses
Roses
Roses
"
and
"
Late
"
Beds
Planting Out
Pruning Budding
Roses"
Rose
Hedges
Places
"*
Address;
"
Pillar
Enemies
Useful
Some
Roses
Rose
Shady
ARE:
Preparing
"
Garden
and
Climate
CHAPTERS
Roses
since
"
as
Towns
Carpets
Cut
for
for
Flowers
Exhibition
1896.
.-*
.Henrietta Street,W.C.
38^
A
Catalogue
of
Books
jgjj
.
Published
C.
^
by
Arthur
.
3*
Pearson
London
Henrietta
Street, W.C.
OCTOBER,
1904.
Ltd.
^^
fgW
Boofce
C.
publisbefc b$
ADE,
George
Fables
2s.
ALDERSON,
in
Carnegie
Andrew
Millionaire.
The
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Among
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Bernicia.
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With
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to
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in
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Jt
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DOROTHY
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DOROTHY
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Adventures
ALAN
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WRIGHT.
5
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C. ARTHUR
FARROW,
Edward
George
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Adventures
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Alexander
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..
of Modern
15
.
.
"
18
of
Modern
16
Sir!
of the
Queen
neering
Engi-
Medea
Modern
.
.
..
Army
.
.
.
.
.
.
and
Prisoners
.
.
of the
Jesters
.
.
George
and
Story
of
a
.
Scoot
.
.
..
Wallypug
Why
Wallypug
in
Fogland
Wallypug
in London
of Death
14
8
14
17
..10
..
motion
Loco-
of
Woman
6
Chinese
the
Tandra
.
17
7
Skipper's Wooing
of
17
..
'
Dragon
18
Bomance
10
..
..
"
Pauper Millionaire
St.
Bomance
6
..
Guide, The
Phantom
7
..10
..
Master
Prisons
tion
Inven-
.
.
of Yalrose..
Dear
Mystery
.
16
Em'ly
7
.
11
16
Bargee
5
King
12
..
Cross
..
Philanderpan
Bomance
Hands
5
6
Nansen
to
Iron
.
..
Candlesticks
Franklin
..
Life of the
Inventor
From
6
"
.
Cavalry Campaign
French's
Mord
Empire
.
the
Emperor's
16
Become
and
Devil
..
vols.
to
17
12
..
Cupid's Pupils
of Bravery
19th
11
6d.
Dictionary
Acrostic
.
Battle*
of the
(3
.
..
3s.
Indoor
.
11
the
Dragon
Book
Crafts
and
Arts
.
.
.
.
.
.
Thou
When
.
Shalt
Hot
Birds
..
Begin
to
5
6d.
2s.
"
..
15
18
6
..
.
.
.
5
Fables
4
More
in
NEXT.
Slang
Fables
in
Slang
Sing
11
7
C. ARTHUR
PEARSON'S
2s.
CATALOGUE
6d.
(continued).
2s.
PAGE
PAGE
Spenceley
Alaric
.
Carnegie
Andrew
Basket
of the
Dinners
Day
.
.
her
Woman
Every
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Ditties
Domestic
3
..17
..
the King
15
.
..
..
Making
Crowning
.
.
3
Home
Pets
How
.
.
Keep House
to
a
.
Year
Humorous
Reciter
Lovers'
.
.
..
Dictionary
.
Pearson's
Private
New
.
Reciter
Life of Queen
.
.
17
.
.
8
.
.
3
.
.
.
9
Family Robinson
.
.
9
Robinson
6
Swiss
13
7
..
.
4
6
14
.
.
.
.
.
10
.
.
13
toria
Vic-
Daughter
.
.
Crusoe
.
Women
and
Mr.
Cardwell
Cabin
Tom's
Ho
Westward
!
World
Wide, Wide
1s.
Mistakes
.
Daughter
Frank
Uncle
9
..
.
Preacher's
13
Kitchener
..
.
Three
Irish Reciter
Lord
Little Women
3
"200
..
.
8
Millionaire's
.
.
..
..
Lady Jezebel..
Pilgrim's Progress
.
on
9
16
own
3
..
Halifax..
Loyal Lover
Billiard Table
the
on
John
Bishop
14
Doctor
Fun
Incidental
We
.
.
16
.
.
.
.
8
.
.
.
.
9
.
.
.
.
8
6d.
Make..
5
15
Scottish
Senior
Reciter
.
Partner
.
.
.
.
Making..
Things Every One
.
14
..15
..
Struggle for Fame
Sweetmeat
.
Wants
.
..
1s.
After Dinner
15
Angling
15
Art
to
17
Woodstock
16
11
of Beauty
Association
Know
Sleights
9
Football
10
Boxing
12
Girls' Reciter
Boys' and
Breakfast
and
14
Supper Dishes
2s.
Cold Meat
Alleged Haunting of B
Ben
Consult
House
4
Hur
8
Bernicia
Grimms'
Fairy Tales
History
of
Henry
.
Esmond
.
the
15
Oracle
.
.
.
.
ricket
5
10
Dainty Dishes
3
Dog (The)
9
Drawing-Room
9
Dream
21
9
Book
..
9
..
3
Entertainer
.
.
.
.
4
.12
Is.
CATALOGUE
PEARSON'S
C. ARTHUR
Is.
(continued).
(continued).
PAGE
PAGE
of
Etiquette
and
Marriage
..
..
Etiquette for Men
.
.
.
Etiquette for Women
.
.
.
Fortune
Teller
Fortune
Tellingby Cards
.
.
.
.
.
.
Manipulation
Modern
Card
5
Modern
Physical Culture..
5
Nursery Wall
Engagement
5
Our
12
Foods
Pearson's
6
Card..
How
and
to
.
.
.
j Poultry-Keeping
Handwriting
6
How
and
to
Home
.
Nursing
Household
Hints
.
Take
It?
and
8
.
Little Entertainments
Little French
Lovers'
Guide
Dinners
Homes
9
..
to Grow
Them
4
..
..15
..
..
4
10
all Occasions
..
.
.
.
.
a
16
Wants
Woman
to
10
Curious
Things
Training for Athletics
.
10
What
.
.
10
Woman's
17
8
..
Tennis
Thousand
.
..
7
..
Know
9
..
.
Small
Things
10
Little Economies
Gardens
Swimming
8
Indigestion
Diseases..
Small
Table
..
..
5
Speeches for
Fake
..
Keeping
Rugby Football
10
..
Days of My Youth
Infectious
9
9
..
14
Rowing
9
..
to Dance..
Photographs
In the
.
..
Shall I Word
to
.
..
What
and
How
..18
..
Strokes at Billiards
Roses and How
12
Healthy
How
Rabbit
Read
Them
How
9
.
15
Practice
Home
13
Read
Them
Heads,
9
Gossipy Guides..
Needlework
Plain
12
..
|
Hands,
11
..
Drinks
and
11
to Do
in
.
.
.
.
Emergencies
Chance
of
17
3
10
riage
Mar-
9
16
Wood
5
22
Carving
..
..
7
INDEX
Adventures
of
Adventures
Sleights, 1
Spenceley, 15
After-Dinner
Alaric
in
Alexander
the
Ark,
of
Alleged Haunting
House,
4
1 1
Franklin
the
n
Gossipy
6
Dragon,
Becky,
Guides,
Ben
Hur, 8
Bernicia, 3
of
"
"
and
Consult
Cricket,
15
Coralie, The,
Oracle, 5
Crowning
Pupils
Cupid's
King,
David
Devil
Dinners
Dishes
the
Domestic
for
Incomes,
17
Day,
Century,
Esmond,
Crafts, n
-Teacher,
Henry
Home
Arts
Self
Home
Management,
Nursing, 9
16
9
II
13
How
Pets, 6
Hints, 9
to Dance,
and
What
How
Shall
to
to
Become
How
to
Keep
14
How
to
take
10
It ? 8
I Word
How
an
House
Author,
3
"200
on
Photographs,
a
Year
8
Humorous
Reciter, 13
Illustrated
Scarlet
Library, 8,
Bishop, The, 3
9
9
Indigestion, 10
Diseases, 9
14
16
Entertainer,
4
12
In
Pursuit
In
Search
In
the
Irish
of the
Ancients, 14
The,
Candlesticks,
Emperor's
for
Men,
5
Etiquette
5
Etiquette for Women,
Eldorado
12
Infectious
Ditties,
Book,
Nineteenth
the
and
Incidental
The, 6
3
Drawing-Room
Dream
Slender
Inventor,
the
of
Dog, The,
Courtship
5
Harum,
and
3
From
:
Honeymoon,
Dainty
1 1
10
the
Them,
9
Household
of
the
A,
Arts
Home
15
14
Read
to
9
8
of,
How
Home
Home
Meat,
of
History
Bravery, 4
Supper Dishes,
II
Conscience
of
Them,
7
6
Home,
Heroes
Read
to
Darkness,
Life
and
Healthy
Reciter, 14
Battles, 4
Captain Kettle, K.C.B.,
3
Carnegie, Andrew,
Cinders,
3
Girls'
Breakfast
the
Bret,
Harte,
Heads,
Boxing, 12
Boys' and
Boys' Book
How
and
in
Handwriting,
Games,
9
17
Hands
Indoor
13
Fairy Tales,
Grimms'
Hands,
of
6
Captain Kettle,
of
Adventures
II
16
Nansen,
Table,
to
Billiard
the
on
Further
10
Making, 17
Froyle's Crime,
Cold
Telling by Cards, 6
Cavalry Campaign,
Fun
Beatrice
Book
Fortune
12
8
and
Minor
Basket
Teller,
From
Pretoria, 15
Baker
5
7
Fortune
French's
Giants, 3
Beauty, The, 9
Association
Football,
At
in Slang, 3
Fitzgerald, Life of Edward,
of
Art
Doctor,
own
Fables
4
and
Swamps
Among
Angling, 7
her
Woman
Every
1
B
Theatricals,
Amateur
riage,
Mar-
and
Engagement
5
5
Kettle, 8
Captain
of
Etiquette
Dictionary, 12
in Wallypugland,
Acrostic
Iron
12
Isobel
John
of
the
of the
Days
of
Mad
Wallypug,
My Youth,
Reciter, 13
Cross, The, 16
Handbooks,
9,
Halifax, 9
Mullah,
10
6
9
11
?
INDEX
Key of the Holy House, The,
Kitchener,Lord, 7
Philanderpan,6
Professor
10
Queen
of the
Rabbit
Keeping, 7
Jesters,14
Lady Jezebel,8
Life's
Little
Little
Little
Little
Little
Little
Counterpoint, 14
Economies, 10
Entertainments, 10
French
Dinners, 9
Panjandrum's Dodo, 6
Red
Captain, 8
Women, 9
Log of an Island Wanderer,
Lorvers' Guide, 5
Marquis
Have
Who
Men
Mighty Deep, 7
Millionaire's Daughter, A,
Missing Prince, 5
Empire, 7
Manipulation,
Conjurer, n
Modern
Mother's
PhysicalCulture,
Guide,
Mord
Em'ly, 16
More
Fables
1 I
Gwyn, Comedian,
Homes,
Panjandrum,
New
Reciter, 13
Card,
17
1 1
10
4
17
Tennis, 16
15
Her
Wants
One
Sisters,14
to Know,
Wants
to Know,
to
17
Things, 17
1 1
,
Frank
Mr.
Card-
Pretoria,15
Towards
12
Training for Athletics,3
Ancestors,
Drinks, 9
12
Tom's
Uncle
Cabin, 8
Wallypug in Fogland, 6
Wallypug in London, 5
Wallypug of Why, 5
War's BrighterSide, 15
Westward
Ho, 9
to do in Emergencies, 10
What
the Birds Begin to Sing,7
When
18
Practice Strokes at Billiards,
14
Preacher's Daughter, 3
Wide,
Wide
of
World,
and
Prisoners, 8
Woman
Private
Life
of the
Private
Life of Queen
of
Chance
Woman's
Wood
Carving, 7
King, 15
Victoria, The,
Woodstock,
15
LIMITED,
THE
GRESHAM
24
PRESS,
8
Death, The,
Prisons
BROTHERS,
17
8
Curious
Thousand
Thou
Shalt Not
and
Three
Women
Pauper Millionaire, The, 6
Phantom
Army, The, 14
Pilgrim'sProgress,The, 4, 8
Plain Needlework, 9
L'NWIN
Dragon,
well, 16
Nursery Wall
Poultry Keeping,
18
10
Things a Woman
Things Every
6
New
and
Gardens,
Small
Teller,The, 17
Terry, Ellen, and
Master, 7
Foods
Small
Table
Slang,3
in
Antediluvian
Locomotion,
Them, 4
to Grow
How
and
Tandra,
"
Our
Our
of Modern
it
10
My Dear Sir,17
Mystery of the Medea," The,
Nell
New
Invention, 18
Romance
Engineering,18
Modern
Speeches for all Occasions,
Story of a Scout, The, 6
Strugglefor Fame, 15
Sweetmeat
Making, 15
Swimming, 8
Swiss Family Robinson,
9
17
Card
Modern
of Modern
Siege of Kumassi,
Skipper'sWooing,
We
Mistakes
Make, The, 5
Modern
Billiards,16
Modern
Romance
5
Rowing and Sculling,
Football,
15
Rugby
12
6
the
Made
of
Sack of Shakings, 4
St. George and the Chinese
Scottish Reciter, 14
Senior Partner, 15
Kite,6
Valrose, The,
of
Crusoe, 9
Romance
Roses
Lovers' Dictionary,10
Loyal Lover, A, 4"
Lucky Bargee, 10
Mandarin's
Robinson
4
Marriage, A,
16
WOKING
A\D
LONDON
16
001
099
324
4