ᴎ Ẅ Ꮉ ⿟ ᄺ ᡹ ㄀ ो㄀ ᳳ ᑈ ᳜ 49 1 2013 ˖ DOI JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 1 Vo l . 4 9 No.1 Jan. 2013 10.3901/JME.2013.01.063 ᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁ෎⸔ⷨおĀԩএԩҢā ฆ‫ڳ‬δ ‫ۥ‬ჾ‫ ޡ‬ч༲‫៾ྡྷऀ ע‬ 1 2 2 ೑ᆊ㞾✊⾥ᄺ෎䞥ྨਬӮ ࣫Ҁ ˗ 㽓ᅝѸ䗮໻ᄺᴎẄࠊ䗴㋏㒳Ꮉ⿟೑ᆊ䞡⚍ᅲ偠ᅸ 㽓ᅝ (1. 2. 1 100085 710049) ᨬ㽕˖ᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁᰃϔ䮼䍋⑤Ѣ Ϫ㑾 ᑈҷⱘᮄ݈ᄺ⾥ˈ݊さߎ⡍⚍ᰃ⧚䆎ⷨおϢᎹ⿟ᅲ䰙ᑨ⫼㋻ᆚ㒧ড়Ǆ䆹ᄺ⾥㒣䖛ञϾϪ㑾ⱘথሩ䗤⏤៤❳ˈ೼ֵো㦋পϢӴᛳᡔᴃǃᬙ䱰ᴎ⧚Ϣᕕ‫ܚ‬㘨㋏ǃֵো໘⧚Ϣ䆞ᮁᮍ⊩ǃᱎ㛑‫އ‬ㄪϢ䆞ᮁ㋏㒳ㄝ ᮍ䴶ᔶ៤䕗ᅠ୘ⱘ⧚䆎ԧ㋏ˈ⍠⦄њབܼᙃ䈅䆞ᮁǃᇣ⊶᳝䰤‫ܗ‬㺖㒍ࡼᗕᅮ䞣䆞ᮁㄝॳ߯ᗻ⧚䆎៤ᵰˈ೼ᴎẄǃ‫ފ‬䞥ǃ⷇࣪ǃ 㛑⑤੠㟾ぎㄝ㸠Ϯপᕫњ໻䞣ध᳝៤ᬜⱘᎹ⿟ᑨ⫼ǄԚᰃˈ䆹ᄺ⾥г䖬ᄬ೼ⴔᬙ䱰ᴎ⧚ⷨおϡ䎇ǃ䆞ᮁᮍ⊩᳝䰤੠ᱎ㛑䆞ᮁ ㋏㒳㭘ᔅㄝ䯂乬ǄҞৢᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁᄺ⾥ⱘ෎⸔ⷨお੠⑤༈᥶㋶おコᑨ䆹བԩᓔሩˈ᳾ᴹⱘথሩᮍ৥ᰃᗢḋˈᇚᰃϔϾ䴲ᐌ ᗹߛϨ䳔㽕⏅ܹ᥶䅼ⱘ䯂乬Ǆ೼ᇍ೑‫ݙ‬໪ᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁᄺ⾥෎⸔⧚䆎੠Ꮉ⿟ᅲ䰙ᑨ⫼ⷨお⦄⢊ߚᵤⱘ෎⸔ϞˈᣛߎⳂࠡ䆹ᄺ ⾥෎⸔ⷨおᄬ೼ⱘ䯂乬੠Ҟৢⷨおさ⸈ⱘᮍ৥Ǆ ݇䬂䆡˖ᬙ䱰䆞ᮁ ᬙ䱰ᴎ⧚ ⡍ᕕᦤপ ᇓੑ乘⌟ Ё೒ߚ㉏ো˖ 20 60 TH17 Basic Research on Machinery Fault Diagnosis ü What is the Prescription WANG Guobiao HE Zhengjia CHEN Xuefeng LAI Yinan 1 2 2 1 (1. National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing 100085; 2. State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049) Abstract˖From the 1960s, the machinery fault diagnosis has rapidly developed as an emerging subject, whose prominent feature lies in close combination of theoretical research and engineering practical application. Over the past half a century, the machinery fault diagnosis has been developed into its maturity, which results in relatively comprehensive theoretical framework on signal acquisition and sensing technology, fault mechanism and symptom relationship, signal processing and diagnosis method as well as intelligent decision and diagnosis system. This subject has also made several original theoretical achievements, such as holospectrum diagnosis and crack dynamic quantitative diagnosis with wavelet finite element. Meanwhile, it has been effectively implemented in a number of engineering applications, such as machinery, metallurgy, petrochemical industry, energy and aviation, etc. However, there still exist some shortcomings in this subject, such as research blanks in fault mechanism, limitation in diagnosis methods, weakness in intelligent diagnosis equipment. Therefore, how to develop the basic research and explore the source of machinery fault diagnosis? What are development directions in the future? These are urgent problems needed to be addressed. Based on the review of the recent researches on basic theory of machinery fault diagnosis and its engineering practical application at home and abroad, the deficiency of the basic research and the breakthrough potentials of machinery fault diagnosis are presented. ˖Fault diagnosis Fault mechanism Feature extraction Life prediction Key words 0 ࠡ㿔 [1] 1 ᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁᡔᴃᰃⲥ⌟ǃ䆞ᮁ੠乘⼎䖲㓁䖤㸠ᴎẄ䆒໛ⱘ⢊ᗕ੠ᬙ䱰ˈֱ䱰ᴎẄ䆒໛ᅝܼ䖤㸠 ⱘϔ䮼⾥ᄺᡔᴃˈгᰃ Ϫ㑾 ᑈҷҹᴹ‫ࡽ׳‬໮ ⾡ᄺ⾥ⱘ⦄ҷ࣪ᡔᴃ៤ᵰ䖙䗳থሩᔶ៤ⱘϔ䮼ᮄ݈ ᄺ⾥Ǆ݊さߎ⡍⚍ᰃ⧚䆎ⷨおϢᎹ⿟ᅲ䰙ᑨ⫼㋻ᆚ 20 20120627 㒧ড় Ǆ ᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁᇍѢֱ䱰䆒໛ᅝܼ䖤㸠ᛣН䞡 ໻ǄᴎẄ䆒໛ϔᮺߎ⦄џᬙˈᇚᏺᴹᎼ໻ⱘ㒣⌢ᤳ ༅੠ҎਬӸѵǄ೑‫ݙ‬໪಴ᴎẄ䆒໛ᬙ䱰㗠ᓩ䍋ⱘ♒ 䲒ᗻџᬙስ᳝থ⫳ ˈ՟བ៥೑ϝኵᎹഄศᏺᴎᮁ 㺖џᬙǃ㕢೑હӺ↨Ѯো䕑Ҏ㟾໽亲ᴎ༅џǃ㕢೑ ぎ‫៬ ݯ‬ᴎぎЁ㾷ԧџӊㄝǄℷ᠔䇧Āग䞠䭓෸ˈ ⑗Ѣ㱕えāˈ㢹㛑‫⹂ޚ‬ঞᯊ䆚߿䆒໛䖤㸠䖛⿟Ёᬙ䱰 ⱘ㧠⫳੠ⓨবˈᇍֱ䱰ᴎẄ㋏㒳ᅝܼ䖤㸠ˈ‫ޣ‬ᇥ៪ ᬊࠄ߱〓ˈ 20121109 ᬊࠄׂᬍ〓 60 [2] F15 ᴎ Ẅ Ꮉ ⿟ ᄺ ᡹ 64 䙓‫ܡ‬䞡໻♒䲒ᗻџᬙ‫݋‬᳝䴲ᐌ䞡㽕ⱘᛣНǄЎℸˈ 㕢೑೑ᆊ㟾ぎ㟾໽ሔ(NASA)ᓔሩњЎᳳ 10 ᑈⱘ㟾ぎᅝܼϧ乍ⷨお(Aviation safety program, AvSP)ˈᑊ ᇚᮄⱘ໡ড়ᴤ᭭㒧ᵘ䭓ᳳ᳡ᕍЁᗻ㛑㳩বǃᤳӸⓨ ࣪੠⮆ࢇㄝⱘẔ⌟ǃ乘⌟੠乘䰆䯂乬߫Ў䞡㽕ⱘⷨ お‫ݙ‬ᆍПϔǄ៥೑೑ᆊЁ䭓ᳳ㾘ߦ(2006̚2020 ᑈ) ੠ǉᴎẄᎹ⿟ᄺ⾥থሩ៬⬹᡹ਞ(2011̚2020 ᑈ)Ǌˈ ഛᇚ䞡໻ѻક੠䞡໻䆒ᮑ䖤㸠ৃ䴴ᗻǃᅝܼᗻǃৃ 㓈ᡸᗻ݇䬂ᡔᴃ߫Ў䞡㽕ⱘⷨおᮍ৥ Ǆ ᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁᰃ೑‫ݙ‬໪ⱘⷨお⛁⚍Ǆ䖥ᑈᴹˈ ᬙ䱰䆞ᮁᡔᴃ೼೑‫ݙ‬໪ফࠄᰒ㨫䞡㾚ˈ೑‫ݙ‬໪ᕜ໮ ᄺ㗙ᓔሩњⳌ݇ⷨおᎹ԰ˈᴀ᭛Ѣ 2012 ᑈ 6 ᳜߽⫼ Google ᄺᴃ੠ Web of science ᭄᥂ᑧ䖯㸠Ẕ㋶˖೼ Google ᄺᴃ᧰㋶Ёˈ2008̚2012 ᑈᷛ乬Ё৿᳝ fault diagnosis ⱘ᭛⤂᳝ 8 070 ԭ㆛ˈᷛ乬Ё৿᳝ damage detection ⱘ᭛⤂᳝ 1 900 ㆛˗೼ Web of science ᭄᥂ ᑧЁˈ2008̚2012 ᑈᷛ乬Ё৿᳝ fault diagnosis ⱘ ᭛⤂᳝ 6 127 ԭ㆛ˈ݊Ё៥೑ऴ 46.875%ˈ㕢೑ऴ 14.722%ˈᷛ乬Ё৿᳝ damage detection ⱘ᭛⤂᳝ 928 ԭ㆛ˈ㕢೑ऴ 26.078%ˈ៥೑ऴ 25.862%Ǆϡҙ བℸˈ䆌໮㨫ৡᄺᴃ㒘㒛੠ⷨおᴎᵘߚ߿ህᬙ䱰䆞 ᮁࠡ⊓䯂乬ীᓔ೑䰙Ӯ䆂Ǆ䆒໛⢊ᗕⲥ⌟Ϣᬙ䱰䆞 ᮁ(Condition monitoring and diagnosis, CMD)೑䰙ᄺ ᴃӮ䆂ϸᑈϔሞˈ⬅ IEEE ㄝ೑䰙ᗻᄺᴃ㒘㒛ᡔᴃᬃ ᣕ˗⢊ᗕⲥ⌟Ϣ䆞ᮁᎹ⿟ㅵ⧚(Condition monitoring [3-5] and diagnostic engineering management, COMADEM) ೑䰙Ӯ䆂ᰃ↣ᑈВ㸠ϔ⃵ⱘˈ㟇 ᑈᏆВࡲ ሞ˗ᴎẄ༅ᬜ乘䰆ᡔᴃ ᰃ㟈࡯ѢᎹ⿟乚ඳ‫ع‬ᒋㅵ⧚Ϣ༅ ᬜ乘䰆ᡔᴃⷨおⱘ೑䰙Ӯ䆂ˈ↣ᑈВࡲϔ⃵ˈ㟇Ҟ Ꮖ‫݋‬᳝ಯकᑈⱘথሩग़⿟Ǆ೼೑‫ˈݙ‬Ё೑ᤃࡼᎹ⿟ ᄺӮǃЁ೑ᴎẄᎹ⿟ᄺӮㄝഛ↣䱨ϸᑈীᓔᬙ䱰䆞 ᮁӮ䆂ˈᮼ೼ࡴᔎᄺᴃѸ⌕੠᥼ᑓ៤ᵰᑨ⫼Ǆ 2012 25 (Machinery failure prevention technology, MFPT) 1 ೑‫ݙ‬໪ⷨお⦄⢊ 㞾 Ϫ㑾 ᑈҷ㕢೑ᬙ䱰䆞ᮁ乘䰆ᇣ㒘੠㣅 ೑ᴎ఼ֱ‫ع‬Ёᖗ៤ゟҹᴹˈᬙ䱰䆞ᮁᡔᴃ䗤ℹ೼Ϫ ⬠㣗ೈ‫᥼ݙ‬ᑓ᱂ঞˈܼ⧗⾥ⷨ੠Ꮉ⿟乚ඳᎹ԰㗙೼ ֵো㦋পϢӴᛳᡔᴃǃᬙ䱰ᴎ⧚Ϣᕕ‫ܚ‬㘨㋏ǃֵো ໘⧚Ϣ⡍ᕕᦤপǃ䆚߿ߚ㉏Ϣᱎ㛑‫އ‬ㄪㄝᮍ䴶ᓔሩ њ⿃ᵕⱘ᥶㋶ˈপᕫњЄ⸩ⱘ៤ᵰǄ ೼ֵো㦋পϢӴᛳᡔᴃᮍ䴶 ৃ䴴ⱘֵো㦋পϢ‫ܜ‬䖯ⱘӴᛳᡔᴃˈᰃᴎẄᬙ 20 1.1 60 ㄀ ो㄀ ᳳᳳ 49 1 ḍ᥂ 䱰䆞ᮁⱘࠡᦤǄ ᑈˈ㕢೑ⱘ ԭ⃵џᬙߚᵤ㒣偠ˈᔦ㒇ᘏ㒧њᤃࡼ⡍ᕕߚᵤ㸼˗ ೼ℸ෎⸔Ϟˈ ⷇⊍࣪Ꮉ݀ৌ JACKSON 㓪‫ݭ‬њᮟ䕀ᴎẄᤃࡼߚᵤᕕ‫ܚ‬ϔ㠀ব࣪㾘ᕟ㸼ˈ೑ ‫ݙ‬໪ᮟ䕀ᴎẄ⢊ᗕⲥ⌟੠ᬙ䱰䆞ᮁߚᵤ੠ⷨおҎਬ ᑓ⊯ᓩ⫼Ǆ2009 ᑈ㕢೑ϝ䰶䰶຿ǃ㽓࣫໻ᄺᴎẄᎹ ⿟㋏ ACHENBACH ᬭᥜ ᇍ㒧ᵘ‫ع‬ᒋⲥ᥻ⷨお㣗 ⭈԰њ䞡㽕䆎䗄ˈᇚӴᛳᡔᴃㄝ߫Ў䞡㽕ⷨお‫ݙ‬ᆍ˗ 㕢೑ᮃഺ⽣໻ᄺⱘ KIREMIDJIAN ᓔሩњӴᛳ㔥㒰ᮍ䴶ⱘⷨお˗䶽೑ YUN ㄝ ᓔሩњӴᛳᏗ㕂ⱘ ⷨお˗᮹ᴀϰҀ໻ᄺ TAKEDA ㄝ ೼໡ড়ᴤ᭭㒧 ᵘ‫ع‬ᒋⲥ⌟Ӵᛳᮍ䴶পᕫњᰒ㨫ⱘⷨお៤ᵰ˗⥟ᔎ ㄝ ᇍ㒧ᵘ‫ع‬ᒋⲥ⌟Ёⱘय़⬉䰉߫ᡔᴃ䖯㸠њ ⷨおǄ ೼ᬙ䱰ᴎ⧚Ϣᕕ‫ܚ‬㘨㋏ᮍ䴶 ᓘ⏙ᬙ䱰ⱘѻ⫳ᴎ⧚੠㸼ᕕᔶᓣˈᰃᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁⱘ෎⸔Ǆ2008 ᑈᛣ໻߽ᄺ㗙 BACHSCHMID ㄝ Ў㑾ᗉ㺖㒍ⷨお 50 ਼ᑈˈ೼೑䰙ᳳߞ MSSP Ϟᅶ㈡Џ㓪њϔᳳ㺖㒍ⷨお㓐䗄᭛ゴˈҢ㺖㒍䕀ᄤ ῵ൟǃ㺖㒍ᴎ⧚ㄝ໮ᮍ䴶‫خ‬њⳌ݇ⱘ䆎䗄˗㕢೑ Los Alamos ೑ᆊᅲ偠ᅸⱘᎹ⿟ⷨお᠔ FARRAR ㄝ೼㒧 ᵘ‫ع‬ᒋⲥ⌟ǃ乘⌟ᮍ䴶‫خ‬њ䖲㓁ध᳝៤ᬜⱘ⧚䆎Ϣ 䆩偠ⷨお˗ᖋ೑ᶣᵫ⾥ᡔ໻ᄺ ROBERT ⏅ܹⷨお њ㺖㒍䕀ᄤⱘࡼ࡯ᄺ㸠Ў˗᮹ᴀбᎲᎹϮ໻ᄺЄ⬄ ゟ໿੠ϝ䞡໻ᄺ CHEN ㄝ ೼ᬙ䱰ᴎ⧚Ϣ⡍ᕕᦤ পㄝᅲ⫼ᡔᴃᮍ䴶䖯㸠໻䞣ⷨお˗ॄᑺ⧚Ꮉᄺ䰶ⱘ SEKHAR ㄝ ᄺ㗙ⷨおњ䕀ᄤ㺖㒍ࡼ࡯ᄺ㸠Ўঞ ݊䕼䆚ᮍ⊩˗䯏䙺ἓ੠䰜ќᘩ ෎Ѣ⏋≠੠ߚቨ ⧚䆎ᇍ䕈㋏䴲㒓ᗻࡼ࡯ᄺ㸠Ў䖯㸠њ⏅ܹⷨお˗䩳 ᥬㄝ ⷨおњ⦄ҷ໻ൟ໡ᴖᴎ⬉㋏㒳㗺ড়ᴎ⧚䯂乬˗㻮⽣⺞ㄝ ೼ᇣ⊶বᤶ⧚䆎ⷨおঞ䕀ᄤ⺄ᨽ ᬙ䱰ᴎ⧚ㄝᮍ䴶পᕫњᰒ㨫ⱘ䖯ሩǄ ೼ֵো໘⧚Ϣ䆞ᮁᮍ⊩ᮍ䴶 Ң䖤㸠ࡼᗕֵোЁᦤপߎᬙ䱰ᕕ‫ˈܚ‬ᰃᴎẄᬙ 䱰䆞ᮁⱘᖙ㽕ᴵӊǄ2006 ᑈˈࡴᣓ໻䭓ᳳҢџ㓈ᡸ Ϣৃ䴴ᗻⷨおⱘ ANDREW ㄝ㓐䗄њ㾚ᚙ㓈ᡸЁ ⱘ䆞ᮁϢ㓈ᡸˈᣛߎֵো໘⧚੠ᬙ䱰䆞ᮁㄝᮍ⊩䳔㽕㒻㓁⏅ܹⷨお˗2011 ᑈ偀ᴹ㽓Ѯⱘ MOHAMMAD ㄝ ᔦ㒇њ৘⾡ᐌ㾕䕀ᄤᬙ䱰㉏ൟˈ䅼䆎њ৘⾡⢊ ᗕⲥ⌟Ϣֵো໘⧚ᮍ⊩ⱘॳ⧚Ϣ⡍⚍ˈᘏ㒧њᔧࠡ 䕀ᄤᬙ䱰䆞ᮁЁপᕫⱘ৘⾡ⷨお៤ᵰ˗㕢೑Ԥ⊏Ѯ ⧚Ꮉᄺ䰶 GEBRAEEL ㄝ ೼ᴎᑞࠊ䗴Ϣᇓੑ乘⌟ ⱘⷨおЁᦤߎњᮄᗱ䏃˗㕢೑ᮃഺ⽣໻ᄺ IHN ೼໡ড়ᴤ᭭㒧ᵘ‫ع‬ᒋⲥ⌟ᮍ䴶পᕫњᰒ㨫ⱘⷨお៤ ᵰ˗㕢೑ᒋ⍙⢘Ḑ໻ᄺ ROBERT Ϣϰफ໻ᄺ YAN 1968 SOHRE [6-7] 600 [8] Mosanto [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] 1.2 [14] [15] [16] [17] [18-19] [20] [21-22] 1.3 [23] [24] [25] [26] ᳜ 2013 ᑈ ᳜ ⥟೑ᔾㄝ˖ᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁ෎⸔ⷨおĀԩএԩҢā 1 ㄝ ߎ⠜њᬙ䱰䆞ᮁⱘᇣ⊶ϧ㨫˗㕢೑Ԥ⊏Ѯ⧚ Ꮉᄺ䰶ᱎ㛑᥻ࠊ㋏㒳ᅲ偠ᅸ VACHTSEVANOS ᬭ ᥜㄝ䩜ᇍⳈछᴎⱘ䆞ᮁᓔሩⷨおᎹ԰˗㣅೑᳐ᕏᮃ ⡍੠જᖋ㧆ᇨᖋ໻ᄺⱘ BALL ᠔೼ಶ䯳䭓ᳳҢџᬙ 䱰䆞ᮁⱘⷨおᎹ԰ ˗㣅೑䇶㧆ᇨᖋ໻ᄺǃफᅝ᱂ 乓໻ᄺǃࠥḹ໻ᄺㄝ䭓ᳳ㟈࡯Ѣ䆒໛೼㒓ⲥ⌟Ϣᤳ Ӹ䆚߿ⱘⷨおᎹ԰ ˗⊩೑䋵Ⲃ඗⍙ᡔᴃ໻ᄺ ANTONI ϔⳈ㟈࡯Ѣᬙ䱰ֵো໘⧚Ϣ⡍ᕕᦤপⱘ ᑩሖⷨお˗Ꮰ㜞Խ⡍䳋໻ᄺ FASSOIS ೼䱣ᴎᤃࡼᑨ ⫼Ѣ㒧ᵘ‫ع‬ᒋⲥ⌟ᮍ䴶䖯㸠ⷨおǄࡴᣓ໻䰓ᇨԃศ ໻ᄺ LEI ㄝ ᇍ啓䕂ㄝ‫݌‬ൟ䳊䚼ӊⱘᬙ䱰䆞ᮁᮍ⊩ 䖯㸠њ⏅ܹⷨお˗▇໻߽Ѯᙝሐ໻ᄺ SU ㄝ䭓ᳳ Ңџ໡ড়ᴤ᭭‫ع‬ᒋⲥ⌟ⷨおᑊᦤߎњ᭄ⷕᣛ㒍ⱘᮄ ὖᗉ˗▇໻߽Ѯᮄ࿕ᇨ຿໻ᄺ ANTONI ㄝ ϔⳈ㟈 ࡯Ѣᬙ䱰ֵো໘⧚Ϣ⡍ᕕᦤপⱘᑩሖⷨお˗ᴼনᄤ ㄝ ೼‫ܜ‬䖯ࠊ䗴ᡔᴃ੠ᬙ䱰䆞ᮁᮄᡔᴃㄝᮍ䴶প ᕫϔ㋏߫៤ᵰ˗ሜṕ⫳ǃԩℷ௝ㄝ䭓ᳳ㟈࡯Ѣ ܼᙃ䈅ǃᇣ⊶বᤶㄝ‫ܜ‬䖯ᬙ䱰䆞ᮁᡔᴃⱘᑩሖⷨお˗ ᓴ㦍ㄝ䞛⫼䱣ᴎ݅ᤃᡔᴃЎᮽᳳᖂᔅᬙ䱰Ẕ⌟ ᓔ䕳њᮄ䗨ᕘ˗䰜䖯ㄝ ೼ֵো໘⧚ᡔᴃϢᬙ䱰䆞 ᮁϧᆊ㋏㒳ㄝᮍ䴶䖯㸠њ໻䞣ⷨお˗ϕᒋ 䭓ᳳҹ ᴹ 㟈 ࡯ Ѣ ⷨ お ᖿ 䗳 ٙ 䞠 ৊ ব ᤶ (Fast Fourier transform, FFT)ֵো໘⧚ᮍ⊩Ǆ ೼ᱎ㛑‫އ‬ㄪϢ䆞ᮁᮍ䴶 ᱎ㛑ᬙ䱰䆞ᮁᰃ῵ᢳҎ㉏ᗱ㓈ⱘ᥼⧚䖛⿟ˈ䗮䖛᳝ᬜഄ㦋পǃӴ䗦੠໘⧚䆞ᮁֵᙃˈ㛑໳῵ᢳҎ ㉏ϧᆊˈҹ♉⌏ⱘ䆞ᮁㄪ⬹ᇍⲥ⌟ᇍ䈵ⱘ䖤㸠⢊ᗕ ੠ᬙ䱰‫ߎخ‬ᱎ㛑߸ᮁ੠‫އ‬ㄪǄᱎ㛑ᬙ䱰䆞ᮁ‫݋‬᳝ᄺ дࡳ㛑੠㞾ࡼ㦋প䆞ᮁֵᙃᇍᬙ䱰䖯㸠ᅲᯊ䆞ᮁⱘ 㛑࡯Ǆ໡ᴖᴎẄ䆒໛ᬙ䱰ⱘᱎ㛑䆞ᮁᡔᴃϢᅲ⫼䆞 ᮁ㋏㒳ˈᰃᅲ⦄ᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁⱘᑨ⫼݇䬂Ǆ2001 ᑈˈ 㙪‫ع‬ढ ⷨおњᬙ䱰䆞ᮁЁⱘᬃᣕⶶ䞣ᴎ⧚䆎˗ [27-28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36-38] [39-40] [41] [42] 1.4 [43] 乍Ⳃ ᡍ‫ޚ‬ো ⬇䇋ҷⷕ 50335030 E050302 50635010 E050302 50935005 E050302 51035007 E050302 51035008 E050302 51135001 E0503 2002 ᑈˈᓴ਼䫕 65 ᇍ෎Ѣᬃᣕⶶ䞣ᴎⱘ໮ᬙ䱰ߚ㉏ ఼䖯㸠њⷨお˗2007 ᑈ䶽೑ᄺ㗙 WIDODO ㄝ㓐䗄њᬃᣕⶶ䞣ᴎ೼ᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁЁⱘⷨお䖯ሩ੠ࠡ ᱃Ǆ2009 ᑈ㕢೑֘ࢦ‫ݜ‬Ꮂゟ໻ᄺ KRUZIC ᬭᥜ ೼ǉScienceǊ㨫᭛ĀPredicting fatigue failuresāᔎ 䇗㒧ᵘ⮆ࢇᇓੑ乘⌟ⷨおⱘ䞡㽕ᗻ˗2009 ᑈ▇໻߽ Ѯᄺ㗙㓐䗄њᮟ䕀ᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁᡔᴃⷨ お䖯ሩˈᔎ䇗㒧ড়ⳳᅲᎹ‫މ‬ᓔሩᬙ䱰䆞ᮁⷨおⱘ䞡㽕ᗻ˗㕢೑ᆚᠻᅝ໻ᄺ‫ݯ׾‬ǃ䕯䕯䙷ᦤ໻ᄺᴢᵄㄝ ೼㕢೑㞾✊⾥ᄺ෎䞥 ⱘ䌘ࡽϟˈ㘨ড়ᎹϮ⬠݅ ৠ៤ゟњĀᱎ㛑㓈ᡸ㋏㒳 Ёᖗāˈᮼ೼ⷨおᴎ Ẅ䆒໛ᗻ㛑㹄䗔ߚᵤ੠乘⌟ᗻ㓈ᡸᮍ⊩ ˗催䞥 ঢ় ᔦ㒇ᘏ㒧њᮟ䕀ᴎẄᐌ㾕ᬙ䱰ᴎ⧚ঞ݊ᕕ‫ܚ‬ ੠㞾ᛜ䆞ᮁᮍ⊩ˈᦤߎњᕔ໡य़㓽ᴎ䆞ᮁⱘ‫ֵߏކ‬ োߚᵤ⊩ㄝ˗ᴼ㒡᱂ǃ❞䆫⊶ǃᴼϪ䫵ǃ咘᭛㰢ǃ ᕤᇣ࡯ǃ⾺ᷥҎǃ䶽᥋ǃѢᖋҟ੠ᴢᄺ‫ݯ‬ㄝ䭓 ᳳҢџᴎẄ⢊ᗕⲥ⌟Ϣᬙ䱰䆞ᮁᡔᴃⱘⷨおǄ೑‫ݙ‬ ೼䆞ᮁ㋏㒳ⱘⷨথᮍ䴶পᕫњᕜདⱘ៤ᵰǄ ೼೑‫ˈݙ‬೑ᆊ㞾✊⾥ᄺ෎䞥ྨਬӮ 䴲ᐌ 䞡㾚ᇍᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁ乚ඳӬ࢓乍Ⳃⱘ෍㚆ǃӬ䗝੠ 䌘ࡽᎹ԰ǄⳂࠡˈ䆹乚ඳⱘ乍Ⳃ⬇䇋Џ㽕䲚Ё೼ ᴎẄᎹ⿟ᄺ⾥ ҷⷕ ⱘ ᴎẄࡼ࡯ ᄺǃ ᴎẄ㒧ᵘᔎᑺᄺ ǃ ࠊ䗴㋏㒳Ϣ 㞾ࡼ࣪ ੠ ᴎẄ⌟䆩⧚䆎Ϣᡔᴃ ㄝ ϾѠ㑻 ҷⷕǄ᥂㒳䅵ˈ ̚ ᑈ ҷⷕ݅䌘ࡽᴎẄ ᬙ䱰䆞ᮁ乚ඳ䴶Ϟ乍Ⳃǃ䴦ᑈ⾥ᄺ෎䞥੠ഄऎ⾥ᄺ ϛ‫ܗ‬Ǆ䌘ࡽ᭄ ෎䞥乍Ⳃ 乍ˈ䌘ࡽ㒣䌍䞣੠㒣䌍Ң ᑈᓔྟ᳝䕗໻๲䭓ˈ ᑈ݅䅵䌘ࡽ 乍ˈ䌘ࡽ㒣䌍ᘏ䅵 ϛ‫ܗ‬Ǆℸ໪ˈᴎẄ Ꮉ⿟ᄺ⾥೼ĀकѨā㟇ĀकѠѨāᳳ䯈ˈ䌘ࡽϢᴎ Ẅᬙ䱰䆞ᮁⳈ᥹Ⳍ݇ⱘ䞡⚍乍Ⳃ 乍乍Ⳃ⏙ऩབ ϟ㸼᠔⼎ ˈ䌘ࡽ㒣䌍 ϛ‫ܗ‬Ǆ [44] [45] [46] HENG [47] (NSF) (IMS) [48] [49] [50-51] (NSFC) NSFC ) (E05 ) E0504( ) ) E0503( E0510( E0511( 1986 ) 2011 E05 440 16 170.4 2009 2011 91 6 154 6 ) 㸼 ᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁ乚ඳ䌘ࡽⱘ䞡⚍乍Ⳃϔ㾜㸼乍Ⳃৡ⿄䋳䋷Ҏ ໻ൟ໡ᴖᴎ⬉㋏㒳ᮽᳳᬙ䱰ᱎ㛑乘⼎ⱘ⧚䆎Ϣᡔᴃ ᴎẄ໡ᴖ㋏㒳ᓎ῵ӓⳳǃ䖤㸠Ӭ࣪੠㞾ᛜ䇗᥻⧚䆎 Ϣᮍ⊩ ෎Ѣ‫ܝ‬㑸‫ܝ‬ᷙӴᛳⱘ໡ᴖᴎẄ㋏㒳ᤳӸࡼᗕⲥ⌟ ෎⸔⧚䆎Ϣ݇䬂ᡔᴃ ݇䬂䆒໛ᬙ䱰乘⼎Ϣ䖤㸠ᅝֱܼ䱰ⱘᮄ⧚䆎੠ᮄ ᡔᴃ ෎ѢሔඳᔎֵোϢԡඳぎ䯈বᤶⱘ݇䬂Ӵࡼ䆒໛ ᬙ䱰乘⼎Ϣ䆞ᮁᮍ⊩ⷨお䗣ᑇᴎẄ໡ᴖᴎ⬉㋏㒳ࡼ࡯ᄺ㸠ЎϢᤃࡼǃాໄ䵊 ৥ᡥࠊॳ⧚ঞᮍ⊩ⷨお ԩℷ௝ 催䞥ঢ় ਼⼪ᖋ ԩℷ௝ 䚉↙ᬣ 4 ( 1 330 䌘ࡽ䞥 ᡓᢙऩԡ 乱 ϛ‫ܗ‬ 㽓ᅝѸ䗮໻ᄺˈ໾ॳ⧚Ꮉ໻ ᄺˈϞ⍋Ѹ䗮໻ᄺ ࣫Ҁ࣪Ꮉ໻ᄺ ℺∝⧚Ꮉ໻ᄺˈढЁ⾥ᡔ໻ ᄺˈ≜䰇থࡼᴎ䆒䅵ⷨお᠔ 㽓ᅝѸ䗮໻ᄺˈ໾ॳ⧚Ꮉ໻ ᄺˈϞ⍋Ѹ䗮໻ᄺ 䞡ᑚ໻ᄺˈ / ᯊ䯈 200 2004.1 150 2007.1 200 2010.1 250 2011.1 240 2011.1 290 2012.1 Queen’s University, University of Huddersfield 催䞥ঢ় ࣫Ҁ࣪Ꮉ໻ᄺ ̚ 2007.12 ̚ 2010.12 ̚ 2013.12 ̚ 2014.12 ̚ 2014.12 ̚ 2016.12 ᴎ Ẅ Ꮉ ⿟ ᄺ ᡹ 66 2 ᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁ෎⸔ⷨおⱘさߎ䖯ሩ 䖥ᑈᴹ೑‫ݙ‬໪ᄺ㗙೼ᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁⱘ෎⸔ⷨ お੠䞡໻Ꮉ⿟ᑨ⫼ᮍ䴶পᕫњさߎ䖯ሩˈ೑໪䞡⚍ ҹ䕀ᄤᬙ䱰ᴎ⧚੠㒣偠῵ᓣߚ㾷ᮍ⊩䖯㸠ҟ㒡˗೑ ‫݌ݙ‬ൟⱘॳ߯ᗻ៤ᵰབপᕫњܼᙃ䈅ǃᤃࡼᬙ䱰⊏ ⧚Ϣ䴲㒓ᗻࡼ࡯ᄺǃᇣ⊶᳝䰤‫ܗ‬㺖㒍䆞ᮁ੠㋏㒳ᬙ 䱰㞾ᛜ䆞ᮁㄝˈㅔ㽕ҟ㒡བϟǄ 1924 ᑈˈNEWKIRK ㄝ থ⦄ᕅડ䕀ᄤ〇 ᅮᗻⱘ⊍㝰⍵ࡼ⦄䈵ˈ䖭ᰃ݇Ѣ䕀ᄤ〇ᅮᗻⷨおⱘ 䕗ᮽ᭛⤂Ǆ㕢೑ⱘ MUSZYNSKA ㄝ䩜ᇍ䕀ᄤ䕈ᡓ/ᆚᇕ㋏㒳ˈⷨおњ⒥ࡼ䕈ᡓⱘ⊍㝰⍵ࡼ੠⊍ 㝰ᤃ㤵ᴎ⧚ˈᑊᇍ䕀ᄤ⺄ᨽǃ⇨⌕▔ᤃㄝ‫݌‬ൟᬙ䱰 ᴎ⧚੠⡍ᕕ䖯㸠њ䆩偠੠⧚䆎ⷨおˈЎᴎẄᬙ䱰ⱘ ֵো⡍ᕕᦤপᦤկњ⧚䆎෎⸔Ǆ೼ֵো⡍ᕕᦤপᮍ 䴶ˈ1998 ᑈ㕢㈡ढҎ HUANG ㄝ ߯䗴ᗻഄᦤߎ њᴀᕕ῵ᓣߑ᭄(Intrinsic mode function, IMF)ⱘὖ ᗉˈҹঞᇚӏᛣֵোߚ㾷Ўᴀᕕ῵ᓣߑ᭄㒘៤ⱘᮄ ᮍ⊩-㒣偠῵ᓣߚ㾷(Empirical mode decomposition, EMD)˗೼ℸ෎⸔Ϟˈ2004 ᑈ FLANDRIN ㄝ ⏅ ܹⷨお䱣ᴎᑣ߫ⱘ EMD ㄝᬜⒸ⊶఼㒧ᵘˈ៤Ўϔ Ͼ䞡㽕ⱘ EMD ⧚䆎ⷨお෎⸔˗2009 ᑈ WU ㄝ ᦤߎњᘏԧᑇഛ㒣偠῵ᓣߚ㾷(Ensemble empirical mode decomposition, EEMD)ᮍ⊩ˈ䗮䖛⏏ࡴⱑాໄ Փֵো೼ϡৠሎᑺϞ䖲㓁ˈҢ㗠᳝ᬜഄ㾷‫އ‬њ῵ᓣ ⏋⎚䯂乬Ǆ ሜṕ⫳ 佪߯њᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁܼᙃ䈅ᡔᴃˈ䆹 ᡔᴃさ⸈њӴ㒳ߚᵤᮍ⊩ⱘሔ䰤ᗻˈԧ⦄њ䆞ᮁֵ ᙃܼ䴶߽⫼ǃ㓐ড়ߚᵤⱘᗱᛇǄܼᙃ䈅ᡔᴃᰃ෎Ѣ ໮Ӵᛳ఼ֵᙃ䲚៤੠㵡ড়ⱘ‫ܜ‬䖯䆞ᮁᮍ⊩ˈᅗᇚᴎ 㒘Ϟ໮ϾӴᛳ఼ᬊ䲚ࠄⱘֵᙃ᳝ᴎഄ䲚៤੠㵡ড়೼ ϔ䍋ˈ߽⫼њᴎ㒘ⱘ໮৥ᤃࡼֵোˈҹঞ↣ϔᮍ৥ Ϟᤃࡼֵোⱘᐙؐǃ乥⥛੠Ⳍԡֵᙃˈᇍ乥䈅Ϟⱘ 䈅㒓ࡴҹ䲚៤㗠ᔶ៤ⱘ䈅೒៪㗙䕈ᖗ䔼䗍ˈࣙᣀѠ 㓈ܼᙃ䈅ǃϝ㓈ܼᙃ䈅ǃᦤ㒃䕈ᖗ䔼䗍ǃড়៤䕈ᖗ 䔼䗍ǃⒸ⊶䕈ᖗ䔼䗍ǃܼᙃ◥Ꮧ೒ǃⷁᯊ໡䈅੠ⷁ ᯊ䕈䈅ㄝǄ‫݌‬ൟབܼᙃࡼᑇ㸵ᡔᴃˈ߽⫼䕀乥ἁ೚ Ϟ߱ྟⳌ⚍ҹঞϝ㓈ܼᙃ䈅ⱘব࣪ˈ㛑໳⹂ᅮ䕀ᄤ ϡᑇ㸵䞣ⱘ‫⹂ޚ‬䜡䞡ˈҢ㗠ৃҹ᳝ᬜ‫ޣ‬ᇥ䆩䞡䍋䔺 ⃵᭄ǄⳂܼࠡᙃ䈅䆞ᮁᡔᴃᏆ㒣៤Ўᮟ䕀ᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁⱘ᳝ᬜ᠟↉ˈᑓ⊯ഄᑨ⫼ѢᴎẄǃ࣪Ꮉǃ⷇࣪ǃ ⬉࡯ǃ‫ފ‬䞥ҹঞᓎᴤㄝ㸠ϮЁ໻ൟᮟ䕀ᴎẄ䖤㸠⢊ ᗕⱘⲥ⌟੠䆞ᮁǄ䆹ᡔᴃ䖬ߎ⠜њǉᴎẄᬙ䱰ⱘܼ ᙃ䆞ᮁॳ⧚Ǌϧ㨫ˈ݊ⷨお៤ᵰĀᶨᗻ䕀ᄤܼᙃ⦄ [52-53] [54-56] [57] [58] [59] [36] ㄀ ो㄀ ᳳᳳ 49 1 എࡼᑇ㸵ᡔᴃঞ݊ᑨ⫼ā㦋ᕫ ᑈ೑ᆊᡔᴃথᯢ Ѡㄝ༪Ǆ 䰜ќᘩㄝ䩜ᇍ໻ൟᮟ䕀ᴎẄⱘᤃࡼᬙ䱰⡍⚍ 䖯㸠㓐ড়ߚᵤˈさ⸈Ӵ㒳ҹ㒓ᗻ⧚䆎Ў෎⸔ⱘᬙ䱰 ᓎ῵੠ߚᵤᮍ⊩ˈᦤߎњ 乍䞡໻ᬙ䱰ⱘ䴲㒓ᗻ㓐 ড়⊏⧚ᮄᡔᴃǄᇍ ㉏䞡໻ᬙ䱰ˈߚ߿䖯㸠њ䴲㒓 ᗻࡼ࡯ᄺᓎ῵੠ߚᵤˈᧁ⼎њ䞡໻ᤃࡼᬙ䱰ᴎ⧚Ϣ ㋏㒳খ᭄П䯈ⱘⳌ݇㾘ᕟˈᯢ⹂њ෎Ѣ㋏㒳ડᑨⱘ ᬙ䱰߸߿⡍ᕕˈᑊ䖯㸠њ䆩偠偠䆕Ǆ 乍㓐ড়⊏⧚ ᮄᡔᴃЏ㽕ࣙᣀ˖ķ 䕈㋏ ᬃᩥ‫݅ݙ‬ᤃ㓐ড়⊏⧚ᡔ ᴃ˗ĸ ‫أ‬ᖗ ⍺⒥খ᭄㓐ড়⊏⧚ᡔᴃ˗Ĺ 㺖㒍㉏ൟ 㓐ড়⊏⧚ᡔᴃ˗ĺ ⺄ᨽ㓐ড়⊏⧚ᡔᴃ˗Ļ 䕈㋏ϡ ᑇ㸵ⱘ䴲㒓ᗻ⊏⧚ᡔᴃǄ䖭ѯ⊏⧚ᡔᴃⱘ݅ৠ⡍⚍˖ ᇚ৘⾡಴㋴㓐ড় Ѹঝǃ݇㘨੠㗺ড় 㗗㰥ˈҹ䖒ࠄ ᇍ৘㉏ᬙ䱰ᷛᴀ‫ⱘⳂⱘ⊏ݐ‬Ǆ䆹ᡔᴃߎ⠜њǉᴎẄ 㺙໛䴲㒓ᗻࡼ࡯ᄺϢ᥻ࠊⱘ݇䬂ᡔᴃǊㄝϧ㨫 ˈ ݊ⷨお៤ᵰĀ໻ൟᮟ䕀ᴎẄ੠ᤃࡼᴎẄ䞡໻ᤃࡼᬙ 䱰⊏⧚Ϣ䴲㒓ᗻࡼ࡯ᄺ䆒䅵ᡔᴃā㦋ᕫ ᑈᑺ೑ ᆊ⾥ᡔ䖯ℹѠㄝ༪Ǆ ԩℷ௝ㄝ ᦤߎњ෎Ѣᇣ⊶᳝䰤‫ⱘܗ‬䕀ᄤ 㺖㒍ᅮ䞣䆞ᮁᮍ⊩Ǆ໻ൟಲ䕀ᴎẄ಴㒧ᵘ㺖㒍ᇐ㟈 ⱘ༅ᬜऴ ҹϞˈ㺖㒍䖭ϔĀ䱤ᔶᴔ᠟ā㹿ᔶ䈵 ഄ⿄Ў໻ൟಲ䕀ᴎẄᅝܼ䖤㸠ⱘĀⰠ⮛āˈ‫݋‬᳝䲒থ ⦄ǃᯧᠽሩǃᔎ⸈ണⱘ⡍⚍ˈ㺖㒍㹿⿄Ўᮟ䕀ᴎẄ ϝ໻ᬙ䱰ПϔǄ䆹ᡔᴃ䩜ᇍ㺖㒍ࡼᗕᅮ䞣䆞ᮁˈথ ᯢњᇣ⊶᳝䰤‫ܗ‬ᵘ䗴ᮍ⊩ˈᓎゟњ㺖㒍ԡ㕂ǃ㺖㒍 ⏅ᑺϢ㺖㒍㒧ᵘⱘࠡϝ䰊೎᳝乥⥛П䯈ⱘᇣ⊶᳝䰤 ‫ܗ‬῵ൟ˗থᯢњ䖤㸠῵ᗕখ᭄䆚߿ᮄᮍ⊩ˈᦤপࠄ 䞡໻㺙໛䖤㸠Ё㺖㒍㒧ᵘⱘࠡϝ䰊೎᳝乥⥛˗থᯢ њ㒧ᵘ㺖㒍ⱘࡼᗕᅮ䞣䆞ᮁᮍ⊩ˈᇚᦤপⱘࠡϝ䰊 ೎᳝乥⥛ҷܹᇣ⊶᳝䰤‫ܗ‬῵ൟ㦋ᕫϝᴵડᑨ᳆㒓ˈ Ң㗠ᅮ䞣䆞ᮁߎ㺖㒍ԡ㕂Ϣ㺖㒍⏅ᑺǄ䆹ᡔᴃ៤ᵰ ೼⬉࡯ǃ⷇࣪ǃ‫ݯ‬Ꮉㄝ乚ඳ㦋ᕫ៤ࡳᑨ⫼ˈৠᯊ䖬 ߎ⠜њǉᇣ⊶᳝䰤‫ܗ‬ঞ݊Ꮉ⿟ᑨ⫼Ǌϧ㨫ˈ݊ⷨお ៤ᵰĀ໻ൟಲ䕀ᴎẄ㒧ᵘ㺖㒍ⱘࡼᗕᅮ䞣䆞ᮁᡔᴃ Ϣᑨ⫼ā㦋ᕫњ ᑈ೑ᆊᡔᴃথᯢѠㄝ༪Ǆ 催䞥ঢ় 䖥ᑈᴹ߯ᮄᦤߎњ㺙໛㋏㒳ᬙ䱰㞾 ᛜ䆞ᮁॳ⧚Ǆ㺙໛ᬙ䱰ৃ৺೼݊䖤㸠Ёᕫࠄ᥻ࠊ៪ 㞾㸠⍜䰸˛ᬙ䱰㛑৺‫ڣ‬Ҏ੠ࡼ⠽ⱘ⮒⮙ϔḋৃҹ Ā㞾ᛜā˛䖭ϔⳈᰃϔᡍᄺ㗙೼‫ݹ‬ᗱ㢺ᛇⱘᄺᴃ䯂乬ˈ催䰶຿ⷨおᦤ‫׵‬ᓔথϔ⾡ᮄⱘϢ㺙໛ᬙ䱰԰᭫ ѝⱘ⧚䆎੠ᮍ⊩ˈᮼ೼ᬍবҙ䴴㋻ᗹ‫ذ‬䔺ֱᡸᴎ఼ ੠ᅠܼ䴴ҎᴹẔׂ⍜䰸ᬙ䱰ⱘӴ㒳ᮍ⊩Ǆ䖭⾡⧚䆎 Ϣᮍ⊩জ᳝߿Ѣ䆒໛䆞ᮁϢ乘ⶹ㓈ׂᡔᴃˈᰃⷨお Փ㺙໛㋏㒳‫݋‬໛ᬙ䱰㞾ᛜࡳ㛑ˈ೼䖤㸠ЁĀ㞾㸠ā 2003 5 5 5 - - ( ) [60] 2005 [61-62] 80% 2009 [63] ᳜ 2013 ᑈ ᳜ ⥟೑ᔾㄝ˖ᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁ෎⸔ⷨおĀԩএԩҢā 1 67 ⿟ᑺⱘথሩˈ݊⡍ᕕ⊶ᔶгӮথ⫳ᬍবǄ䖥ᑈᴹˈ ᑓ⊯ᑨ⫼ⱘٙ䞠৊বᤶǃⷁᯊٙ䞠৊বᤶǃᇣ⊶ব ᤶǃ㄀Ѡҷᇣ⊶বᤶ੠໮ᇣ⊶বᤶㄝৃҹ䇈䛑ᰃ෎ Ѣ‫ⱘ⧚ॳ⿃ݙ‬⡍ᕕ⊶ᔶ෎ߑ᭄ֵোߚ㾷ˈᮼ೼♉⌏ 䖤⫼Ϣ⡍ᕕ⊶ᔶⳌऍ䜡ⱘ෎ߑ᭄এ᳈དഄ໘⧚ֵ োˈᦤপᬙ䱰⡍ᕕˈҢ㗠ᅲ⦄ᬙ䱰䆞ᮁ Ǆ ᬙ䱰䆞ᮁᮍ⊩ⷨおЁᦤߎњ䆌໮᳝ᬜⱘĀᳯ䯏 ᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁ෎⸔ⷨおᄬ೼ⱘ䯂乬䯂⌟ā䆞ᮁ᠟↉ˈԚᰃ䩜ᇍᮽᳳᬙ䱰ǃᖂᔅᬙ䱰ǃ ᬙ䱰ᴎ⧚ⷨおϡ䎇 ໡ড়ᬙ䱰ǃ㋏㒳ᬙ䱰ㄝⱘ䆞ᮁᮍ⊩䖬ᄬ೼ϡ䎇ˈৃ ᬙ䱰ᴎ⧚ᰃᣛ䗮䖛⧚䆎៪໻䞣ⱘ䆩偠ߚᵤˈᕫ 䴴ⱘ䆞ᮁᮍ⊩᳝䰤ǄᴎẄ䆒໛䖤㸠䖛⿟Ёϡৃ䙓‫ܡ‬ ࠄড᯴䆒໛ᬙ䱰⢊ᗕֵোϢ䆒໛㋏㒳খ᭄П䯈ⱘ㾘 ѻ⫳ᤳӸ੠ߎ⦄ᮽᳳᬙ䱰ˈᅗ‫݋‬᳝┰೼ᗻ੠ࡼᗕડ ᕟ ˈ݊‫݋‬ԧⱘⷨお䖛⿟བϟ˖佪‫ܜ‬ḍ᥂ⷨおᇍ䈵 ᑨⱘᖂᔅᗻ˗໡ড়ᬙ䱰੠㋏㒳ᬙ䱰⬅Ѣ໮಴㋴㗺ড় ⱘ⠽⧚⡍⚍ˈᓎゟⳌᑨ᭄ᄺ࡯ᄺ῵ൟ˗✊ৢ䗮䖛ӓ ੠Ӵ䗦䏃ᕘ໡ᴖˈᕔᕔᇐ㟈ऩϔⱘֵো໘⧚ᮍ⊩䲒 ⳳⷨお㦋ᕫ݊ડᑨ⡍ᕕ˗‫ݡ‬㒧ড়䆩偠ׂℷ῵ൟˈ‫ ޚ‬ҹ᳝ᬜ⒃⑤ᬙ䱰៤಴Ǆгℷ಴Ўབℸˈᇐ㟈བ㟾ぎ ⹂㦋ⶹᶤϔᬙ䱰ⱘ㸼ᕕǄ䖭ϔড໡ᓣⱘⷨお䖛⿟ᰃ থࡼᴎᤃࡼᬙ䱰䆞ᮁ㟇Ҟ≵᳝ᕜདⱘ㾷‫އ‬ᮍ⊩Ǆ ᱎ㛑䆞ᮁ㋏㒳㭘ᔅ ᬙ䱰ᴎ⧚ঞᬙ䱰ᕕ‫ⷨܚ‬おⱘ᳝ᬜ᠟↉ˈгᰃᴎẄᬙ 䱰䆞ᮁᡔᴃⱘ䞡㽕෎⸔੠ձ᥂Ǆ⬅Ѣ䗮ᐌ㦋ᕫᶤϔ 䱣ⴔᴎẄ㺙໛ⱘ໻ൟ࣪ǃ໡ᴖ࣪ǃ催䗳࣪ǃ㞾㋏㒳䕗ܼ䴶ⱘᬙ䱰᭄᥂ḋᴀᰃϡ⦄ᅲⱘˈ಴ℸা᳝ ࡼ࣪੠ᱎ㛑࣪ˈ䖿ߛ䳔∖㵡ড়ᱎ㛑Ӵᛳ㔥㒰ǃᱎ㛑䗮䖛ᴎ⧚ӓⳳⷨおˈᠡ㛑ᇍ㋏㒳᳾ⶹᬙ䱰੠ᔅᬙ䱰䆞ᮁㅫ⊩੠ᱎ㛑‫އ‬ㄪ乘⼎ⱘᱎ㛑䆞ᮁ㋏㒳ǃϧᆊӮ 䖯㸠᳝ᬜⱘ乘ⶹ੠䆚߿ˈҹ䙓‫ܡ‬ⓣ䆞੠䇃䆞Ǆ 䆞ᑇৄ੠䖰⿟䆞ᮁᡔᴃㄝǄϡৠ㉏ൟⱘᱎ㛑䆞ᮁᮍ ⦄᳝ⷨおЁᇍᴎẄᬙ䱰ᴎ⧚ⷨお䞡㾚ϡ䎇ˈᕜ ⊩䩜ᇍᶤϔ⡍ᅮⱘǃⳌᇍㅔऩⱘᇍ䈵䖯㸠ᬙ䱰䆞ᮁ ໮‫݌‬ൟᬙ䱰⡍ᕕ䛑ᰃ⊓⫼㒣‫ⱘ݌‬៤ᵰˈབ㺖㒍䕀ᄤ ᯊ᳝݊৘㞾ⱘӬ⚍੠ϡ䎇ˈ՟བϧᆊ㋏㒳䆞ᮁᡔᴃ ⱘ‫ס‬乥ડᑨᰃ ೼ Ϫ㑾 ᑈҷ㒭ߎⱘⷨ ᄬ೼ⶹ䆚㦋পĀ⫊乜āˈ㔎У᳝ᬜⱘ䆞ᮁⶹ䆚㸼䖒ᮍ お㒧䆎Ǆᬙ䱰ᴎ⧚ⷨおϡ䎇ⱘЏ㽕ॳ಴˖ķ ໻ൟ㺙 ᓣˈ᥼⧚ᬜ⥛Ԣ˗⼲㒣㔥㒰䆞ᮁᡔᴃ䳔㽕ⱘ䆁㒗ḋ ໛ⱘᬙ䱰ᴎ⧚ⷨお䗮ᐌ䳔㽕⍝ঞ㐕໮ⱘ᭄ᄺ੠࡯ᄺ ᴀ㦋পೄ䲒˗῵㊞ᬙ䱰䆞ᮁᡔᴃᕔᕔ䳔㽕⬅‫ܜ‬偠ⶹ ⶹ䆚ˈेᎹ⿟㒧ᵘⱘㅔ࣪੠࡯ᄺ῵ൟⱘᓎゟ䛑ᄬ೼ 䆚ҎᎹ⹂ᅮ䲊ሲߑ᭄ঞ῵㊞݇㋏ⶽ䰉ˈԚᅲ䰙Ϟ㦋䕗໻䲒ᑺ˗ĸ ᬙ䱰ᴎ⧚ⷨお䳔㽕㒧ড়໻䞣ⱘ䆩偠偠 ᕫϢ䆒໛ᅲ䰙ᚙ‫Ⳍމ‬ヺⱘ䲊ሲߑ᭄ঞ῵㊞݇㋏ⶽ䰉䆕ˈϔϾ῵ൟㅔ࣪ড়⧚ǃᬙ䱰῵ᢳ‫݌‬ൟǃࠊ䗴㊒ᑺ ᄬ೼䆌໮ೄ䲒Ǆ ֱ䆕੠⌟䆩᭄᥂ৃ䴴ⱘ䆩偠ৄˈᕔᕔϡᰃϔᳱϔ໩ ⦄᳝ⱘᱎ㛑䆞ᮁ㋏㒳݊䆞ᮁ㛑࡯䖬↨䕗㭘ᔅǄ ৃҹᅲ⦄ⱘ˗Ĺ ᅲ偠ᅸ䩜ᇍऩϔᬙ䱰ⱘ‫⹂ޚ‬㸼ᕕˈ 㱑✊᠔䞛⫼ⱘҎᎹᱎ㛑䆞ᮁᮍ⊩ᕜ໮ˈԚ໻䚼ߚᱎ 䖬䳔㽕Ꮉ⿟ᅲ䰙ⱘ偠䆕ˈऩϔⱘᬙ䱰⡍ᕕ೼ᅲ䰙Ꮉ 㛑ᮍ⊩䛑䳔㽕⒵䎇ϔᅮⱘ‫؛‬䆒ᴵӊ੠ҎЎ䆒㕂ϔᅮ ⿟Ёᕔᕔৃ䘛㗠ϡৃ∖Ǆ䖬᳝ˈⳂࠡ䩜ᇍᮟ䕀ᴎẄ ⱘখ᭄ˈ಴ℸⷨおЁ䗮䖛ӓⳳ偠䆕ᬙ䱰䆞ᮁㅫ⊩ⱘ ᠔ᓎゟⱘᬙ䱰῵ᢳ䆩偠ৄ੠⧚䆎ⷨお䕗໮ˈԚᰃ䩜䕗໮ǄѢᰃᱎ㛑䆞ᮁᮍ⊩ᕔᕔ㒭⬭ҎϟĀ咥ࣷᄤā ᇍᕔ໡ᴎẄ੠ϧ⫼ᴎẄⷨおै‫أ‬ᇥǄ ੠Ā಴Ҏ㗠ᓖāⱘॄ䈵ˈ䆞ᮁᮍ⊩ⱘ᥼ᑓᗻᕫϡࠄ ᬙ䱰䆞ᮁᮍ⊩᳝䰤 ᕜདⱘ偠䆕Ǆ䖭гህᰃ䇈ˈ㽕ⳳℷᅲ⦄ᱎ㛑䆞ᮁˈ ᴎẄ䆒໛䆞ᮁ佪‫ܜ‬㽕ߚᵤ䆒໛䖤䕀Ё᠔㦋প া䴴ऩ㒃ϔϸ⾡ᮍ⊩ᰃᕜ䲒⒵䎇㽕∖ⱘˈ݊ᑨ⫼г ⱘ৘⾡ֵোˈ✊ৢᦤপֵোЁⱘ৘⾡⡍ᕕֵᙃˈҢ Ӯ᳝ϔᅮሔ䰤Ǆབᵰᇚ޴⾡ᗻ㛑Ѧ㸹ⱘᱎ㛑ᡔᴃ䗖 Ё㦋পϢᬙ䱰Ⳍ݇ⱘᕕ‫ˈܚ‬᳔㒜߽⫼ᕕ‫ܚ‬䖯㸠ᬙ䱰 ᔧ㒘ড়ǃপ䭓㸹ⷁǃӬ࢓Ѧ㸹ˈ݊㾷‫އ‬䯂乬ⱘ㛑࡯ 䆞ᮁǄᎹ⿟ᑨ⫼ᅲ䏉㸼ᯢϡৠ㉏ൟⱘᴎẄᬙ䱰೼ࡼ Ӯ໻໻ᦤ催Ǆ಴ℸˈ䳔㽕䞡⚍ⷨおᕅડ⦄᳝ҎᎹᱎ ᗕֵোЁӮ㸼⦄ߎϡৠⱘ⡍ᕕ⊶ᔶˈབᮟ䕀ᴎẄ༅ 㛑䆞ᮁᮍ⊩᥼ᑓՓ⫼ⱘ݇䬂⦃㡖ˈᓎゟ೼ᬙ䱰ᴎ⧚ 㸵ᤃࡼⱘ⊶ᔶϢℷᓺ⊶ⳌԐ˗‫➗ݙ‬ᴎ➗⟚ᤃࡼ⊶ᔶ ㄝᑩሖ෎⸔ⷨおⱘҎᎹᱎ㛑ᮍ⊩ˈᠡ㛑ᔶ៤ⶹ䆚Є ᰃ‫݋‬᳝催ᮃߑ᭄ࣙ㒰ⱘ催乥ֵো˗啓䕂੠䕈ᡓㄝᴎ ᆠǃ᥼⧚ℷ⹂ǃ߸ᮁ‫⹂ޚ‬ǃ乘⼎ড়⧚ǃ㒧䆎ৃ䴴ⱘ Ẅ䳊䚼ӊߎ⦄࠹㨑੠㺖㒍ㄝᬙ䱰ᯊˈᕔ໡ᴎẄⱘ⇨ 䆒໛ᱎ㛑䆞ᮁϢ乘⼎ⱘᅲ⫼ᡔᴃǄ㽕ᵕ࡯䙓‫ܡ‬াㅔ 㔌ǃ⌏าǃ⇨䯔⺼ᤳ㔎䱋ˈ݊䖤㸠Ёѻ⫳‫ߏކ‬ᤃࡼ ऩഄ‫ࡽ׳‬ҎᎹᱎ㛑ᮍ⊩੠ᡔᴃ䖯㸠䆒໛ᱎ㛑䆞ᮁⱘ ਜ⦄᥹䖥ऩ䖍ᤃ㤵㹄‫ⱘޣ‬ડᑨ⊶ᔶˈ㗠Ϩ䱣ⴔᤳӸ ᑨ⫼ˈ㗠ᗑ㾚ᑩሖ෎⸔ⷨおǄ≵᳝ᑩሖⱘᴎẄᬙ䱰 ⍜䰸ᬙ䱰ⱘᮄॳ⧚੠ᮄᮍ⊩Ǆ䆹ᮍ⊩೼㋏㒳⾥ᄺⱘ ᣛᇐϟˈ⿏ỡ⦄ҷएᄺĀ㞾Џ䇗⧚ā⊏⭫ॳ⧚ˈࣙ ᣀ‫⭿ܡ‬ǃ䰆ᕵǃҷٓǃ㞾ׂ໡੠䗖ᑨㄝˈৃҹ⫼ᴹ ᣛᇐⷨお㺙໛㞾ᛜॳ⧚ঞᎹ⿟ᑨ⫼ˈᇚЎⷨࠊߎ‫݋‬ ᳝㞾ᛜࡳ㛑ⱘᮄϔҷᱎ㛑㺙໛ᦤկ⾥ᄺձ᥂Ǆ [64] 3 3.1 [19] 3.3 BENTLY 3.2 20 80 ᴎ Ẅ Ꮉ ⿟ ᄺ ᡹ 68 䆞ᮁ෎⸔ⷨおˈϞሖⱘҎᎹᱎ㛑ᮍ⊩੠ᡔᴃህ䲒ҹ 㾷‫އ‬ᅲ䰙ⱘᎹ⿟䯂乬Ǆ 4 ޴⚍ᗱ㗗㓐ড়Ϟ䗄⦄䰊↉៥೑ᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁ෎⸔ⷨお ᄬ೼ⱘ䯂乬ˈᘏ㒧䍋ᴹ᳝Āܿ໮ܿᇥā⦄䈵˖ⷨお ᬙ䱰㸼䈵໮ˈⷨおᬙ䱰ᴎ⧚ᇥ˗ⷨおᮟ䕀ᴎẄ໮ˈ ⷨおᕔ໡ᴎẄᇥ˗ⷨお䗮⫼ᴎẄ໮ˈⷨおϧ⫼ᴎẄ ᇥ˗ⷨおऩϔᮍ⊩໮ˈⷨお㓐ড়䆞ᮁᇥ˗ⷨお䚼ӊ ᬙ䱰໮ˈⷨお㋏㒳ᬙ䱰ᇥ˗ⷨおᰒ㨫ᬙ䱰໮ˈⷨお ᖂᔅᬙ䱰ᇥ˗ⷨおӓⳳ᭄᥂໮ˈⷨおᎹ⿟᭄᥂ᇥǄ ЎℸˈᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁⱘ෎⸔ⷨおᖙ乏ᅲ⦄ҹϟ Ͼ ᮍ䴶ⱘさ⸈Ǆ ᅲ⦄⬅㸼䈵ⷨおࠄᴎ⧚ⷨおⱘさ⸈ ෎ѢĀ᠔㾕े᠔ᕫāⱘ㸼䈵ⷨおᮍ⊩ˈা㛑ᇍ ᴎẄᬙ䱰ⱘ㾷䞞੠䆞ᮁ㦋ᕫϔⶹञ㾷˗ᬙ䱰ᴎ⧚ᰃ ড᯴ᬙ䱰ᴀ䋼ⱘḍᴀॳ಴ˈࡴᔎᬙ䱰ᴎ⧚ⷨおᰃ䅸䆚ᅶ㾖џ⠽ⱘ⾥ᄺᅲ䏉ǄӴ㒳ⱘᴎẄ䆒໛ᬙ䱰䆞ᮁ ໮ҹⷨおᏆ᳝ᬙ䱰ⱘֵো⡍ᕕЎ෎⸔ˈᇍѢᮄⱘ䆒 ໛ᬙ䱰乘䄺֓಴≵᳝ᬙ䱰Ḝ՟ৃᕾ㗠ϡ‫ܡ‬ⓣ䆞 Ǆ 䱣ⴔ⾥ᄺᡔᴃⱘ䖙䗳থሩˈᮄ乪ǃ໻ൟ੠催䗳 ᴎẄ䆒໛ሖߎϡかˈབ亢⬉㺙໛ǃᎹϮ➗⇨䕂ᴎǃ 䪕䏃ࡼ䔺Ϣ催䪕ǃ亲㸠఼ࡼ࡯Ӵࡼ੠໻ࡳ⥛Ⳓᵘᴎ ㄝǄ䩜ᇍ䖭ѯᮄൟᮟ䕀੠ᕔ໡ᴎẄⱘᴎ⬉⎆㋏㒳ˈ ݊⡍⅞᳡ᕍ⦃๗ϟ㋏㒳ⱘᬙ䱰ᴎ⧚੠ᬙ䱰ⓨ࣪ࡼ࡯ ᄺ䖬᳝ᕙѢ⏅ܹഄߚᵤঞⷨおǄ՟བ䩜ᇍ‫݌‬ൟⱘϡ ᇍЁᬙ䱰ˈᓎゟ᭄ᄺ੠࡯ᄺ῵ൟˈᨁᓎ䆩偠ᑇৄˈ ⷨおϡᇍЁ᠔ᇍᑨⱘᬙ䱰ᕕ‫ܚ‬੠乥䈅⡍ᕕ˗՟བ߽ ⫼䯈䱭ᴎᵘࡼ࡯ᄺⱘⷨお៤ᵰˈⷨおϡৠ䯈䱭໻ᇣ ᇍᑨⱘֵো乥䈅⡍ᕕˈ⫮㟇ᓎゟ䍋䯈䱭໻ᇣ੠ֵো ⡍ᕕⱘᅮ䞣݇㋏ˈ⫼Ѣᣛᇐᴎᵘ䯈䱭ⱘᬙ䱰䆞ᮁǄ ಴ℸˈҞৢᬙ䱰䆞ᮁ᮴⭥ᇚ㽕᳈ࡴ⊼䞡ᴎ⧚ᮍ䴶ⱘ ⷨおǄ ᅲ⦄⬅ᅮᗻⷨおࠄᅮ䞣ⷨおⱘさ⸈ ᬙ䱰䆞ᮁⱘⷨおᎹ԰䗮ᐌৃҹߦߚЎಯϾሖ ⃵˖佪‫⹂ܜ‬ᅮᬙ䱰ᰃ৺ᄬ೼ˈ݊⃵ᰃ㛑໳⹂ᅮᬙ䱰 ⱘԡ㕂ˈ㄀ϝሖ⃵ᰃ㛑໳⹂ᅮᬙ䱰ⱘᤳӸ⿟ᑺˈ㄀ ಯሖ⃵ᰃ࠽ԭᇓੑ乘⌟Ϣৃ䴴ᗻ䆘ԄǄབᵰᇚ㄀ϔǃ ㄀Ѡሖ⃵ⱘᎹ԰⿄Ўᅮᗻⷨおⱘ䆱ˈ䙷М㄀ϝǃ㄀ ಯሖ⃵ህᰃᅮ䞣ⷨおǄᅮᗻⷨおᰃᅮ䞣ⷨおⱘ䞡㽕 ෎⸔ˈᅮ䞣ⷨおⱘ㄀ϝ੠㄀ಯሖ⃵ⱘⷨお㋻ᆚⳌ䖲ˈ 䖭ᰃ಴Ў㔎ᇥ‫ৃ⹂ޚ‬䴴ⱘ߱ྟᬙ䱰ሎᇌӮᇐ㟈෎Ѣ ᴤ᭭⡍ᗻⱘ࠽ԭᇓੑ乘⌟ㄝᡔᴃ៤Ў᮴⑤П∈Ǆ ᬙ䱰ⱘᅮ䞣䆞ᮁ䳔㽕䆚߿ᤳӸㄝᬙ䱰ⱘ䚼ԡǃ 5 4.1 [65] 4.2 ㄀ ो㄀ ᳳᳳ 49 1 ⾡㉏ҹঞ⿟ᑺˈҢ㗠ᧁ⼎䆒໛ᬙ䱰⢊ᗕⱘথ⫳ǃথ ሩঞⓨ࣪㾘ᕟˈҢ㗠ЎᴎẄ䆒໛ⱘᅝܼᗻߚᵤǃৃ 䴴ᗻ䆘Ԅ੠ᇓੑ乘⌟ᦤկ෎⸔ᗻձ᥂Ǆ䩜ᇍ䞡໻㺙 ໛‫݌‬ൟ㒧ᵘˈབ㟾ぎথࡼᴎ䕀ᄤǃ໻ൟ亲ᴎᴎ䑿ǃ ໻ൟ亢࡯ᴎ啓䕂ㆅ੠‫݌‬ൟ໡ড়ᴤ᭭㒧ᵘˈ佪‫ܜ‬ᑨᓔ ሩ㺖㒍ᤳӸㄝᬙ䱰ⱘࡼᗕ೼㒓䆞ᮁ˗✊ৢˈ೼㺖㒍 ᤳӸᅮ䞣䆞ᮁⱘ෎⸔Ϟˈⷨお῵ൟϢ᭄᥂偅ࡼⱘ⢊ ᗕ䗔࣪䆚߿Ϣ࠽ԭᅝܼᇓੑ乘⌟ǃ‫ࠊݡ‬䗴䳊ӊⱘ᳡ ᕍᇓੑ䆘ԄϢ乘⌟ㄝǄৃ㾕ˈҞৢᬙ䱰䆞ᮁⱘⷨお䞡⚍ᇚӮҢᅮᗻⷨお䕀৥ᅮ䞣ⷨおǄ ᅲ⦄⬅ऩᬙ䱰ⷨおࠄ㕸ᬙ䱰ⷨおⱘさ⸈ ऩᬙ䱰䆞ᮁⳂࠡЏ㽕ᰃձ䴴ֵো໘⧚ᮍ⊩ˈϨ ᓩথⱘᤃࡼֵো⡍ᕕϢ݊Ҫᑆᡄ៤ߚⱘ乥䈅ᆍᯧऎ ߚǄऩᬙ䱰䆞ᮁ䗮ᐌᆍᯧᅲ⦄ˈԚᰃᕔᕔ೼᥼ᑓՓ ⫼ᯊˈ݊㊒ᑺϡ催ǃ⊯࣪㛑࡯ϡᔎ੠䗮⫼ᗻ䕗Ꮒˈ ಴㗠ࠊ㑺њ݊೼Ꮉ⿟Ёⱘᑨ⫼Ǆ‫މ‬Ϩˈ⬅Ѣᬙ䱰ⱘ ॳ಴ᕔᕔϡᰃऩϔⱘˈ⡍߿ᰃᮟ䕀ᴎẄᬙ䱰ᰃ໮⾡ ᬙ䱰಴㋴㗺ড়ⱘ㒧ᵰˈ಴ℸˈⳆⳂഄҹऩϔᬙ䱰ᇍ ᴎẄ㺙໛‫خ‬ҹ䆞ᮁӮ䗴៤ⓣ߸⫮㟇䇃߸Ǆ ᴎẄ㺙໛Ḍᖗ䚼ӊⱘ⺼ᤳǃ࠹㨑ǃ㺖㒍ㄝᬙ䱰 ᕔᕔৠᯊߎ⦄៪㗙‫ৢܜ‬㑻㘨থ⫳ˈ݊ᤃࡼֵোᕔᕔ ᑊ䴲໮Ͼऩᬙ䱰ᕕ‫ֵܚ‬োⱘㅔऩ঴ࡴˈ㗠ᰃ㸼⦄Ў ᬙ䱰⡍ᕕֵোⳌѦ㗺ড়ˈ䖭⾡㕸ᬙ䱰ⱘѻ⫳㒭ᬙ䱰 ⹂䆞ᏺᴹ᳈໻ⱘೄ䲒Ǆ಴ℸˈ㕸ᬙ䱰䆞ᮁᇚӮᰃҞ ৢᬙ䱰䆞ᮁজϔথሩᮍ৥Ǆ㕸ᬙ䱰䆞ᮁᅲ䰙Ϟᰃϔ Ͼ໮ᬙ䱰ⱘ῵ᓣ䆚߿䯂乬ˈ䳔㽕ⷨお㕸ᬙ䱰㗺ড়⡍ ᕕⱘϔ⃵ᗻߚ⾏੠䆞ᮁᮍ⊩Ǆ ᅲ⦄⬅䍙ᔎᬙ䱰ⷨおࠄᖂᔅᬙ䱰ⷨおⱘさ⸈ 䍙ᔎᬙ䱰ᛣੇⴔᴎẄᬙ䱰ᏆথሩࠄЁᰮᳳˈᬙ 䱰⡍ᕕᯢᰒˈᴎẄ䳊䚼ӊᗻ㛑ᏆϹ䞡䗔࣪ˈ㢹ϡঞ ᯊ䞛প໘⧚᠟↉ˈৃ㛑䗴៤䞡໻џᬙǄ㗠䩜ᇍℸᯊ ᴎẄ䆒໛⢊ᗕⱘ䆞ᮁˈᬙ䱰⡍ᕕᆍᯧᦤপˈᬙ䱰⢊ ᗕгᆍᯧ䆚߿ˈ㱑✊䆞ᮁঞᯊгৃҹ䙓‫ܡ‬䞡໻џᬙ ⱘথ⫳ǄԚᰃᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁⱘᛣН೼ѢᦤկĀ⊏⭫ ᮍḜāˈ㗠ϡᰃᓔ‫݋‬Ā⅏ѵ䆕ᯢāǄ㗠䍙ᔎᬙ䱰䆞ᮁ ᰮ ᳳᬙ䱰 ᮴⭥ህᰃᇍᴎẄ䆒໛ᓔĀ⅏ѵ䆕ᯢāˈ㗠៥ Ӏ᠔䳔㽕ⱘᰃঞᯊᥠᦵ䆒໛ⱘᗻ㛑䗔࣪䖛⿟ҹঞᬙ 䱰ⱘࡼᗕⓨ࣪䖛⿟ˈᇍ݊ᬙ䱰ⱘথ⫳থሩ‫ࠄخ‬䰆ᖂ ᴰ⏤ˈᑊ䩜ᇍϡৠⱘᬙ䱰⢊ᗕˈ䞛প䗖ᔧⱘ㸹ᬥ᥾ ᮑǄгህᰃ䇈ˈҢ䍙ᔎᬙ䱰䆞ᮁⷨお䕀৥ᖂᔅᬙ䱰䆞ᮁⷨお࢓೼ᖙ㸠Ǆ ᖂᔅᬙ䱰䗮ᐌᣛ໘Ѣᮽᳳ䰊↉ⱘᖂᔅᬙ䱰៪ ┰೼ᬙ䱰ˈ‫݋‬᳝⮛⢊ϡᯢᰒǃ⡍ᕕֵᙃᖂᔅㄝ⡍⚍˗ гᣛᴎẄᬙ䱰㱑✊থሩࠄЁᰮᳳˈԚᬙ䱰⡍ᕕ㹿ᔎ ాໄ⏍≵ˈ㟈Փᬙ䱰⡍ᕕᖂᔅˈϡᯧ䆚߿Ǆ಴ℸˈ 4.3 4.4 ( ) ᳜ 2013 ᑈ ᳜ 1 ⥟೑ᔾㄝ˖ᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁ෎⸔ⷨおĀԩএԩҢā Ҟৢᖂᔅᬙ䱰䆞ᮁ䳔㽕ⷨお᳝ᬜⱘᖂᔅᬙ䱰⡍ᕕ๲ ᔎᮍ⊩੠ᔎాໄ㚠᱃ϟᬙ䱰⡍ᕕᦤপᮍ⊩˗ৠᯊЎ њ‫ᦤ⹂ޚ‬পᖂᔅᬙ䱰⡍ᕕˈ䖬䳔㽕њ㾷ᬙ䱰ⓨ࣪䖛⿟Ϣᕕ‫ܚ‬䯈ⱘ᯴ᇘ݇㋏ˈҢ㗠ֱ䆕ᖂᔅᬙ䱰⡍ᕕᦤ পⱘ‫⹂ޚ‬ᗻ੠᳝ᬜᗻǄ ᅲ⦄⬅䳊䚼ӊᬙ䱰ⷨおࠄᴎẄ㋏㒳ᬙ䱰ⷨお ⱘさ⸈ ᴎẄ䆒໛ⱘ䳊䚼ӊᬙ䱰䆞ᮁЏ㽕ᰃ䩜ᇍᴎẄ ㋏㒳Ёⱘ݇䬂䳊䚼ӊˈབ啓䕂ǃ䕈ᡓ੠䕀ᄤㄝˈ䖯㸠ⲥ⌟ᑊ䆞ᮁ݊᳡ᕍᬙ䱰Ǆ✊㗠ˈᴎẄ㋏㒳ⱘⳌѦ ԰⫼ᠡᰃᬙ䱰ѻ⫳ⱘᴀ䋼ॳ಴ ˈ䖭⾡䳊䚼ӊ㑻ⱘ ᬙ䱰䆞ᮁᕔᕔা㛑䆞ᮁߎ䇅থᗻᬙ䱰ˈैϡ㛑ḍ⊏ ᴎẄ㋏㒳ⱘᬙ䱰䱤ᙷǄ಴ℸˈҞৢⱘⷨおᑨ䆹⊼䞡 ᇚᴎẄ䆒໛ⳟ԰໮ሖ⃵ǃ䴲㒓ᗻⱘ໡ᴖᭈԧˈ佪‫ܜ‬ ᓎゟ໮㓈੠໮খ᭄໡ᴖ㋏㒳῵ൟˈ✊ৢҢ㋏㒳ⱘᭈ ԧᗻ੠㋏㒳ⱘ㘨㋏ᗻߎথˈ⏅ܹⷨお㋏㒳‫ݙ‬䚼৘㒘 ៤䚼ߚⱘࡼ࡯⡍ᗻǃⳌѦ԰⫼੠ձ䌪݇㋏ˈᕫߎ䳊䚼ӊᬙ䱰ⱘ߱ℹ㒧䆎ˈ᥹ⴔ᥶㋶㋏㒳ᬙ䱰ⱘḍ⑤ˈ ᡒߎॳথᗻᬙ䱰ˈҢ㗠ḍ䰸ᴎẄ䆒໛ᬙ䱰䱤ᙷǄ 4.5 㽕ⱘ䞡໡ᓎ䆒੠ⷨおǄᘏПˈৃҹ䗮䖛䲚Ё㊒࡯ᓔ ሩ෎⸔ࠡ⊓᥶㋶ˈϡᮁ਌ᬊ᭄ᄺǃֵᙃǃ࡯ᄺ੠ᴤ ᭭ㄝ乚ඳⱘᮄথ⦄੠ᮄথᯢˈᓩᇐᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁⷨ お৥⏅ᑺǃᑓᑺⱘᠽሩˈ᳔㒜ᅲ⦄㢹ᑆ䞡⚍さ⸈Ǆ খ 㗗 ᭛ ⤂ [1] [63] 5 㒧䆎 ೼೑ᆊ㞾✊⾥ᄺ෎䞥䭓ᳳ〇ᅮⱘᬃᣕϟˈ೑‫ݙ‬ ᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁ乚ඳ೼⧚䆎෎⸔ǃḚᶊԧ㋏੠Ꮉ⿟ᑨ ⫼ㄝᮍ䴶ϡᮁথሩᅠ୘ˈপᕫ໻䞣‫݋‬᳝㞾Џⶹ䆚ѻ ᴗⱘⷨお៤ᵰǄ䱣ⴔ೑ᆊ䖯ϔℹࡴ໻ᇍ⾥ᄺ෎䞥ⱘ ᡩܹˈ᳾ᴹ䆹乚ඳ෎⸔ⷨおᑨ䆹‫خ‬ҔМǃབԩ‫خ‬ㄝ䯂乬䳔㽕䖯ϔℹഄᗱ㗗੠ᘏ㒧ǄЎ䖯ϔℹ⧚⏙ᴀ乚 ඳⱘ᳾ᴹথሩᮍ৥ˈ NSFC ᴎẄᎹ⿟ᄺ⾥‫ৢܜ‬Ѣ 2010 ᑈ 12 ᳜੠ 2011 ᑈ 11 ᳜೼㽓ᅝ੠⷇ᆊᑘীᓔ њĀᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁ෎⸔ⷨお催ሖ䆎യāǄϢӮϧᆊᄺ 㗙⏅ܹ᥶䅼њ䆹乚ඳ᳾ᴹথሩ䞡⚍ǃথሩᮍ৥੠থ ሩⳂᷛǄᴀ᭛ℷᰃ೼ᇍ೑‫ݙ‬໪ᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁⷨおথ ሩঞ෎䞥䌘ࡽ៤ᵰ䇗ⷨⱘ෎⸔Ϟˈ㓐ড়њϸ⃵Ӯ䆂 ⱘⷨ䅼៤ᵰˈᇍᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁⱘ෎⸔ⷨおǃॳྟ߯ ᮄ੠᳾ᴹথሩ䖯㸠᥶㋶ᗻᘏ㒧Ǆ Ā䯂⏴ાᕫ⏙བ䆌ˈЎ᳝⑤༈⌏∈ᴹāǄᴎẄᬙ 䱰䆞ᮁ䖬䖰≵᳝ᔶ៤ϔ䮼ᅠ໛ⱘᄺ⾥ˈҢџ⑤༈෎ ⸔ⷨお੠ᅲ⦄Ⳍ݇ᡔᴃさ⸈ᰃ᥼ࡼ݊㒻㓁থሩⱘॳ ࡼ࡯Ǆሩᳯ᳾ᴹˈᴎẄᬙ䱰䆞ᮁⷨおᑨ䆹ҹᎹ⿟ᑨ ⫼Ўゟ䎇⚍ˈҹᑩሖ෎⸔ⷨおЎ෎⷇ˈҹ㾷‫އ‬෎⸔ ⾥ᄺ䯂乬Ўᬃ᷅ˈҹ㞾Џ߯ᮄⷨおЎⳂᷛ˗ৠᯊˈ 哧ࢅᑓ໻ᄺ㗙㾘ߦ੠ᓎゟᷛ‫ⱘޚ‬ᬙ䱰䆞ᮁ᭄᥂ᑧˈ 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