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SAMPLE
Published Search
Number 70
Long Fibre Reinforced
Thermoplastics
January 2008 - July 2009
Rien van den Hondel
iSmithers
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Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
References from the Smithers Rapra Polymer Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
Subject Heading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Name Index (including Trade Names) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
Polymer Library Document Delivery Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Published Searches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
Request Form for a Customised Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
1
Introduction
Published Searches are bibliographies produced by online literature searches in the Polymer
Library database.
The Polymer Library covers technical, commercial and economic information for the Rubber and
Plastics Industry. The database contains nearly 1,000,000 references (with abstracts) to journal
articles, conference proceedings, reports, Company brochures, books etc., collected since 1972.
Some patents were covered for periods during these years, but completely stopped in 2002.
Each fortnight approximately 1000 new references are added to the database.
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Any suggestions for improvement and/or future titles will be gratefully received.
Rien van den Hondel
Source
Title
Organisational Source
Item 503
Adhasion 33,No.9,Sept.1989,p.38-43
German
Language (unless in English)
REVIEW OF PATENT AND OTHER
LITERATURE ON POLYURETHANE
ADHESIVES 1984-1988. PART I. STARTING
MATERIALS AND RECIPES
Kujawa-Penczek B;Penczek P
Author(s)
PRONIT PLASTICS FACTORY;
WARSAW,INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL
CHEMISTRY
214 references to polyurethane adhesives are reviewed.
Sectionscovermethodsofpreparation,hotmeltadhesives,
moisture-curing adhesives, UV-curing adhesives,
polyurethane-acrylate adhesives, fillers for adhesives,
aqueous dispersions of adhesives, anaerobic adhesives,
adhesivescontainingencapsulatedadditives,crosslinking
materials and catalysts, use of silanes, novel starting
materialsandtheinfluenceofdifferentfactorsonadhesive
properties. 214 refs.
POLAND; WEST GERMANY; WORLD; EASTERN EUROPE
Abstract
Location
Copyquest order no.385041
2
3
References and Abstracts
References from the Smithers Rapra Polymer Library
Item 1
Extrusion 15, No.1, 2009, p.36-37
German; English
Editor(s): SAMPE Covina, Ca., SAMPE International
Business Office, 2008, Paper 1037, pp.7, CD-ROM,
ISBN 978-1-934551-04-02, 012
PROCESSING AND CHARACTERIZATION
OF THIN-WALLED LONG FIBER
REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC (LFT)
COMPOSITES .
Extruder Expert Systems' Nexxus-F, a new system for Haibin Ning; Pillay S; Vaidya U; Andrews J B
production of LFT pellets based on continuous fibre Alabama,University at Birmingham
rovings, is briefly described. The system can be adapted to
single-andtwin-screwextrudersandfibrelengthandfibre Thin-walled long fibre - reinforced thermoplastic (LFT)
length distribution are precisely adjustable with control of (carbon fibre- reinforced polyarylamide shells) that
the system. The system is suitable for use with polymers possessed enhanced rigidity and strength compared with
such as PP, PETP, polyamide-6,6 and ABS and with fibres glassreinforcementweremanufacturedandanalysed.The
such as glass, carbon, aramid and natural fibres. extrusion-compression moulding process was used to
ExperimentaldataonthemechanicalpropertiesofNexxus produce1.8mmto2mmthickLFTcompositeshells.Fibre
content and microstructure were investigated at different
LFT are included.
locationsofthethin-walledshellsandtheresultsindicated
EUROPEAN COMMUNITY; EUROPEAN UNION; GERMANY;
good consolidation and uniform fibre flow during
WESTERN EUROPE
processing. Potential applications of thin-walled LFT
Copyquest order no. 1039593
technologyareconsideredinareaswherelightweight,high
Item 2
stiffness and strength are required in parts of relatively
SAMPE Fall Technical Conference: Multifunctional
complex geometry, yet producible cost-effectively with
Materials: Working Smarter Together. Proceedings of short (less than 2 min) cycle times. 17 refs.
a conference held Memphis, Tn., 8-11 Sept., 2008
USA
Editor(s): SAMPE Covina, Ca., SAMPE International
Copyquest order no. 1038818
Business Office, 2008, Paper 1040, pp.8, CD-ROM,
ISBN 978-1-934551-04-02, 012
Item 4
DAMPING BEHAVIOR OF LONG FIBER
High Performance Plastics Jan.2009, p.4 ISSN: 0264REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC (LFT)
7753
COMPOSITES .
PP LONG FIBRE THERMOPLASTIC FOR
Goel A; Chawla K K; Vaidya U K
AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY.
Pennsylvania,State University; Alabama,University at
Minnesota, USA-based RTPCo. has commercialised a PP
Birmingham
long-fibrethermoplasticconcentrate,designedespecially
ThedampingbehaviourofLFT(21vol%E-glassfibre/PP) to meet demanding automotive specifications, it is
in flexural mode was studied. It was observed that the LFT announcedinthisconcisearticle.Briefdetailsarepresented
beams in which the majority of fibres were oriented in the ofthebeneficialpropertiesofthenewLFTmaterial,whichis
transverse direction showed more damping than the LFT known as “199 X 118012".
beams in which the fibres were mostly oriented in the
USA
longitudinal direction. When the fibres were oriented
transversely,thedampingbehaviourofLFTwasdominated Copyquest order no. 1038770
by the matrix and hence transverse LFTs showed higher Item 5
damping as compared with the longitudinal LFT beams in Iranian Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
which the fibres were oriented longitudinally and the 21, No.6, Feb.-March 2009, p.477-493 ISSN: 1016damping behaviour was dominated by fibres which 3255
restricted the vibratory motion of the beam under flexural Persian
loading.ThedampingbehaviourofLFTwithcastironand RESIDUAL STRESSES IN THERMOPLASTIC
unreinforced PPwas compared and it was found that LFTs COMPOSITES : A REVIEW.
spannedarangeintermediatebetweentheunreinforcedPP Shokrieh M M; Dinachali S S (Iran,University of
and cast iron. 9 refs.
Science & Technology)
REVOLUTION FOR LONG - FIBER
THERMOPLASTICS (LFT).
Zimmerman D (Extruder Experts Systems)
USA
Copyquest order no. 1038821
Item 3
SAMPE Fall Technical Conference: Multifunctional
Materials: Working Smarter Together. Proceedings of
a conference held Memphis, Tn., 8-11 Sept., 2008
ã2009 Smithers Rapra Technology Ltd.
A review is presented research into residual stress in
thermoplastics and short and long fibre reinforced
thermoplastics . The effect of residual stress on the
composites is discussed and experimental techniques for
measuring residual stresses are studied. Methods for
reducing residual stress are also covered. 92 refs.
4
References and Abstracts
IRAN
Copyquest order no. 1038713
Item 6
Composites Technology 15, No.1, Feb.2009, p.24-25
ISSN: 1083-4117
NAIA SHOW HIGHLIGHTS.
Brosius D
Despitetheglobalslumpinautosalesandongoingfinancial
crisis, the 2009 North American International Auto Show,
held in January in Detroit, once again served as the leading
showcaseforproductionandconceptvehicleintroductions
from domestic and international OEMs. The Automotive
Composites Alliance sharpened its message about how
composites can make hybrid vehicles lighter, thereby
extendingtheirrange.AOCdemonstratedextensionsofits
ToughClassAresintechnologyintolower-densityexterior
SMCpanels.StandardTCApanelshaveaspecificgravityof
1.9, but new formulations that replace heavy calcium
carbonate filler with hollow glass microspheres or higher
resin content can achieve a specific gravity of 1.3, offering
masssavingsofupto50%versussteel.Newapplicationsfor
composites in mass-production vehicles on display
included long fibre - reinforced thermoplastic front-end
modules for the 2010 Ford Taurus and Ford Fusion.
experimental stress-strain results obtained for long-glassfibre/PP specimens. 37 refs.
USA
Copyquest order no. 1037970
Item 8
International Polymer Processing 24, No.1, March
2009, p.17-22 ISSN: 0930-777X CODEN: IPPREJ
INJECTION MOLDING OF LONG FIBER
REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC
COMPOSITES .
Kumar K S; Patel V; Tyagi A; Bhatnagar N; Ghosh A
K (Indian Institute of Technology)
NORTH AMERICA
Injection moulding of extruded pellets of long glass fibrereinforced polypropylene (PP) and polyamide-6
thermoplasticcompositeswasinvestigatedunderdifferent
processing conditions including fibre content, pellet size,
screw speed and injection pressure, and the products were
characterised by tensile, flexural and impact testing. Fibre
lengthdistributionswereanalysedusingaprofileprojector
andimageanalysissoftware,andtheeffectsoffibrecontent,
fibre length, pellet size and the addition of maleic
anhydride-grafted polypropylene to improve interfacial
adhesion between glass fibres and PP on mechanical
properties of the injection moulded composites are
discussed. 22 refs.
Copyquest order no. 1038296
INDIA
Item 7
Journal of Composite Materials 43, No.3, Feb.2009,
p.217-246 ISSN: 0021-9983 CODEN: JCOMBI
PREDICTION OF THE ELASTIC-PLASTIC
STRESS/STRAIN RESPONSE FOR
INJECTION-MOLDED LONG - FIBER
THERMOPLASTICS .
Nguyen B N; Bapanapalli S K; Kunc V; Phelps J H;
Tucker C L (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory;
Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Illinois,University)
Copyquest order no. 1037577
Item 9
Plastics Technology 54, No.12, Dec.2008, p.23 ISSN:
0032-1257 CODEN: PLTEAB
OPTIONS EXPAND IN LFT'S.
Two small items of news relating to long - fibre
thermoplastics(LFTs)arereportedinthisveryshortarticle.
Firstly, that “Stamax” long - fibre PP pellets will now be
availableintheUSAfromSABICInnovativePlastics,and
secondly, that PlastiComp LLC of the USAhas adapted its
A model was proposed to predict the elastic-plastic LFT technology to high-temperature resins such as PPS,
response of injection-moulded long - fibre thermoplastics PES, PEI and PEEK.
(LFTs).Themodelaccountedforelasticfibresembeddedin
EUROPE-GENERAL; NORTH AMERICA; USA
a thermoplastic resin that exhibited elastic-plastic
behaviour obeying the Ramberg-Osgood relation and J-2 Copyquest order no. 1037227
deformationtheoryofplasticity.Italsoaccountedforfibre Item 10
length and orientation distributions in the composite SAMPE Fall Technical Conference: Multifunctional
formedbytheinjectionmouldingprocess.Fibreorientation Materials: Working Smarter Together. Proceedings of
was predicted using an anisotropic rotary diffusion model a conference held Memphis, Tn., 8-11 Sept., 2008
recently developed for LFTs. An incremental procedure Editor(s): SAMPE Covina, Ca., SAMPE International
usingEshelby'sequivalentinclusionmethodandtheMori- Business Office, 2008, Paper 30, pp.15, CD-ROM,
Tanaka assumption was applied to compute the overall ISBN 978-1-934551-04-02, 012
stressincrementresultingfromanoverallstrainincrement AN INTEGRATED APPROACH LINKING
foranaligned-fibrecompositethatcontainedthesamefibre PROCESS TO STRUCTURAL MODELLING
volume fraction and length distribution as the actual WITH MICROSTRUCTURAL
composite.Theincrementalresponseofthelatterwasthen CHARACTERIZATION FOR INJECTIONobtainedfromthesolutionforthealigned-fibrecomposite MOLDED LONG - FIBER THERMOPLASTIC
by averaging overall fibre orientations. Failure during .
incremental loading was predicted using the Van Hattum- Nguyen B N; Bapanapalli S K; Smith M T; Kunc V;
Bernado model that was adapted to the composite elastic- Frame B J; Norris R E; Phelps J H; Tucker C L;
plastic behaviour. The model was validated against the Xiaoshi Jin; Jin Wang
ã2009 Smithers Rapra Technology Ltd.
5
References and Abstracts
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Oak Ridge
National Laboratory; Illinois University at UrbanaChampaign; Moldflow Ithaca
The application of a new fibre orientation model (ARDRSCmodel)developedbyPhelpsandTuckerforlongfibre
thermoplastics is demonstrated. This model is
implemented in a research version of the Moldflow
processing packages and used in the injection moulding
simulation of a long glass fibre/PP ISO-plaque. Fibre
orientation distribution results from the simulation are
mappedintoanABAQUSfiniteelementmeshforstructural
analysis employing an elastic-plastic and strength
predictionmodeldevelopedbyNguyenetal.Predictionsof
failurelocationsareshowntoagreewellwithexperimental
findingsandconfirmtheimportanceofthefibreorientation
effectontheoverallresponseandoccurrenceoffracture.14
refs.
USA
Copyquest order no. 1036247
Item 11
SAMPE Fall Technical Conference: Multifunctional
Materials: Working Smarter Together. Proceedings of
a conference held Memphis, Tn., 8-11 Sept., 2008
Editor(s): SAMPE Covina, Ca., SAMPE International
Business Office, 2008, Paper 27, pp.15, CD-ROM,
ISBN 978-1-934551-04-02, 012
MATERIALS AND PROCESSES FOR A
STRUCTURAL COMPOSITE UNDERBODY.
Berger L; Banks E; Wlosinski R
General Motors; Polywheels Manufacturing Ltd.;
USCAR
profile extrusion, sheet extrusion, pipe extrusion in-line
compounding for injection moulding and long fibre
thermoplastic granules.
EUROPEAN COMMUNITY; EUROPEAN UNION; ITALY;
WESTERN EUROPE
Copyquest order no. 1032969
Item 13
Journal of Plastics Technology No.4, 2008, pp.21
ISSN: 1864-2217
German
TEXTILE GRIDS FOR LONG FIBER
REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC
COMPOSITES MADE BY INJECTION
MOLDING.
Cherif C; Franzke G; Hufnagl E; Hufenbach W;
Boehm R; Kupfer R (Dresden,Technische Universitat)
The fabrication of a bus seat from preconsolidated, long
fibre reinforced thermoplastics by injection moulding is
described. The technique employed is suitable for
producing lightweight composites for automotive,
machine and plant construction. 30 refs.
EUROPEAN COMMUNITY; EUROPEAN UNION; GERMANY;
WESTERN EUROPE
Copyquest order no. 1032930
Item 14
JEC Composites No.45, Nov.-Dec.2008, p.35-39
ISSN: 0754-0876
SMART FORTWO TAILGATE: THE FIRST
HIGH-VOLUME APPLICATION OF E-LFT
TECHNOLOGY.
Ruegg A; Ziegler S; Jaggi D; Stotzner N (Esoro AG;
A report is presented on the preliminary design of an Weber Automotive GmbH)
underbody for a large rear-wheel-drive vehicle, materials Thehigh-volumeproductionofthetailgatestructureofthe
selectiontherefore,processingfeasibility,costestimation, new Smart Fortwo automobile using a unidirectional
moulding trials and material testing. The material and endless glass-fibre- reinforced long - fibre thermoplastics
process systems evaluated are long fibre injection, design which features a completely visible grained,
polyamide direct long fibre thermoplastic and sheet moulded-in-colour surface, is reported. The fabrication
moulding compound and the system selected is a process combines long fibres with complex multi-layered
compression moulded SMC using vinyl ester resin with inserts of unidirectional continuous fibres in a one-step
glass fibre fabric as the predominant reinforcement . The process, and the structural rigidity, crashworthiness and
underbody design has been developed to replace the costsarecomparedwithprevioustailgatedesignsbasedon
benchmark steel assembly. 2 refs.
alternative materials. 6 refs.
USA
Copyquest order no. 1036244
Item 12
Extrusion 14, No.6, 2008, p.60/64
English; German
MATERIAL PREPARATION - “PULL-PUSHTRUSION” - SYSTEM FOR LONG - FIBRE
THERMOPLASTICS (LFT).
DetailsareprovidedontheNEXXUSChannel-FfromRCT
Srl.NEXXUSChannel-Fisamulti-channeldiskmeltpump
whichcollectsandinfiltratesafibrestrandineachchannel.
Due to high shear flow, the fibres are collected and aerated
(“pull-trusion”) and discharged to a downstream
processing plant (“push-trusion”). It is suitable for use in
ã2009 Smithers Rapra Technology Ltd.
EUROPEAN COMMUNITY; EUROPEAN UNION; GERMANY;
WESTERN EUROPE
Copyquest order no. 1031799
Item 15
European Plastics News 35, No.11, Dec.2008, p.22
ISSN: 0306-3534 CODEN: EUPNBT
PLASTICS ARE ON TRACK.
Woodorconcretehasbeentheconventionalchoiceforrail
tracksleepersfordecades,butthesematerialscouldsoonbe
replacedbyPU.TheprocesshasbeenunderwayinJapanfor
some 25 years, with Sekisui Chemical supplying its Eslon
Neo Lumber FFU (Fibre reinforced Foamed Urethane)
product. Now the FFU sleepers have been premiered in
Germany, in the Leverkusen Chempark. The installation
6
References and Abstracts
used 136 sleepers produced by Sekisui from a long fibre
integral skin PU foam, Baydur 60, supplied by Sumika
BayerUrethane.PUisalsofindingapplicationsbetweenthe
sleepers. German rail engineering company Frenzel-Bau
has teamed up with Bayer MaterialScience to develop
Durflex,anewrailwaytrackballastsolutionusingBayflex
flexible PU foam to infill the cavities between the ballast
stones. Meanwhile, safety requirements are the absolute
priority for materials used inside rail cars and two new
grades of BMS's Bayblend PC/ABS sheet meet these
demanding criteria.
EUROPEAN COMMUNITY; EUROPEAN UNION; GERMANY;
JAPAN; WESTERN EUROPE
Copyquest order no. 1031598
Item 16
International Journal of Plastics Technology 12, No.1,
Aug.2008, p.863-875 ISSN: 0972-656X
EFFECT OF FIBRE LENGTH ON THE
FRICTION AND WEAR OF
DISCONTINUOUS FIBRE REINFORCED
POLYPROPYLENE MATERIAL.
Subramanian C; Senthilvelan S (Indian Institute of
Technology)
Item 18
HANDBOOK OF VINYL POLYMERS. Radical
Polymerisation, Process, and Technology. 2nd. edn.
Boca Raton, Fl., CRC Press, 2008, p.455-498, ISBN
978 0 8247 2595 2, 24cm, 42C38
FIBER-FILLED VINYL POLYMER
COMPOSITES .
Das C K; Mukherjee M; Das T; Editor(s): Mishra M
K; Yagci Y
Indian Institute of Technology
In this chapter on fibre-filled vinyl polymer composites ,
topics covered include types of fibres (glass, aramid,
carbon, natural, mineral, animal, plant), resin systems
(pultrusion, lay-up, filament winding), types of vinyl
polymers(PVC,chlorinatedvinylpolymers,PVDC,vinyl
ester resins and rubbers), fibre reinforcement of vinyl
polymers (short fibre, long fibre , woven cloth, hybrid, insitu), and fibre reinforcement of polyolefins. The
applications, advantages and limitations of fibrereinforcedvinylpolymersandfibre-reinforcedpolyolefins
are also discussed. 82 refs.
INDIA
Copyquest order no. 1029653
The effect of fibre length on the tribological properties of
glassfibre-reinforcedPPcompositesunderdryslidingwas
investigated using a pin-on-disc tribometer. Continuous
measurement of friction force during testing revealed a
transitionfromabrasivetoadhesivefriction.Adominance
of PV factor over friction coefficient was observed. Long
fibre-reinforcedPPcompositesexhibitedsuperiorfriction
wear performance over short fibre reinforced PP
composites and unreinforced PP and wear morphology
confirmedthatwearmechanismsweresignificantlyaltered
by fibre length. 17 refs.
Item 19
SAMPE '08: Material and Process Innovations:
Changing our World. Volume 53. Proceedings of a
conference held Long Beach, Ca., 18-22 May, 2008
Editor(s): SAMPE Covina, Ca., SAMPE International
Business Office, 2008, Paper 195, pp.8, CD-ROM, 012
INDIA
The design, manufacture, modelling and finite element
analysis of a long fibre thermoplastic helmet liner, which
exhibits improved stiffness, enhanced performance
towards conditions, such as ear to ear crush and form fit
function for existing helmet shells used by the army, are
described. Data from tests conducted on carbon fibrereinforced composites with polyarylamide and
polyphenylene sulphide matrix polymers are included. 10
refs.
Copyquest order no. 1031217
Item 17
ADDCON 2008. Proceedings of the 14th International
Conference on Plastics Additives and Compounding,
held Barcelona, Spain, 15-16 October 2008 Editor(s):
Smithers Rapra Technology Ltd. Shawbury, Smithers
Rapra, 2008, Paper 1, pp.23, ISBN 978 1 84735 075 6,
29cm, 012
BRICS, FOUNDATION FOR STRATEGIC
GROWTH.
Babinsky R; Gastrock F
Townsend Polymer Services and Information
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A LONG
FIBER THERMOPLASTIC HELMET LINER.
Vaidya U; Pillay S; Haibin Ning; Jong-Eun Kim;
Littlefield D; Walsh S; Sands J
Alabama,University; US,Army Research Laboratory
USA
Copyquest order no. 1028789
Item 20
SAMPE '08: Material and Process Innovations:
Changing our World. Volume 53. Proceedings of a
conference held Long Beach, Ca., 18-22 May, 2008
Editor(s): SAMPE Covina, Ca., SAMPE International
Business Office, 2008, Paper 250, pp.11, CD-ROM,
012
This is a PowerPoint presentation, which examines the
impact of the BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China)
economiesontheglobalpolyolefinsandplasticsadditives
industries. Statistics are included on polyolefins global
consumption(2007),PE,PP,longfibrethermoplasticsand MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND ENERGY
plastics additives global markets and consumption and ABSORPTION OF POWDER-IMPREGNATED
BRIC resin and additives consumption.
CONTINUOUS FIBER THERMOPLASTIC
BRAZIL; CHINA; INDIA; RUSSIA; USA; WORLD
Copyquest order no. 1030720
ã2009 Smithers Rapra Technology Ltd.
MATRIX COMPOSITES .
Steggall C; Advani S G; Yarlagadda S
7
References and Abstracts
thermoplastics and the static response of the composite is
comparedwithlongfibrethermoplasticswithandwithout
A novel process for manufacturing long fibre reinforced
ribs for equivalent flexural rigidity. 12 refs.
thermoplastic matrix composites , which employs a
combinationofvacuum-assistedresintransfermouldingto USA
create a powder-impregnated fibre preform and Copyquest order no. 1028525
compression moulding to consolidate the composite , is
Item 23
presentedandusedtoproduceglassfibre-reinforcedHDPE
Composites Part A 39, No.9, 2008, p.1512-1521 ISSN:
composites . The mechanical properties of the laminates
1359-835X
producedandtheirenergyabsorptionabilitiesareevaluated
PROCESS SIMULATION, DESIGN AND
and compared with a fully filled baseline laminate made
MANUFACTURING OF A LONG FIBER
from the pre-impregnated material. 6 refs.
Delaware,University
USA
Copyquest order no. 1028532
Item 21
SAMPE '08: Material and Process Innovations:
Changing our World. Volume 53. Proceedings of a
conference held Long Beach, Ca., 18-22 May, 2008
Editor(s): SAMPE Covina, Ca., SAMPE International
Business Office, 2008, Paper 245, pp.9, CD-ROM, 012
THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE FOR MASS
TRANSIT APPLICATION.
Balaji Thattaiparthasarathy K; Pillay S; Ning H;
Vaidya U K (Alabama,University)
USA
Long fibre thermoplastics (LFTs) have witnessed rapid
growthinthermoplasticsmatrixcomposites,mainlydueto
developmentsintheautomotiveandtransportationsector.
In LFTs, pelletised thermoplastic polymer matrix is
reinforced with long glass or carbon fibres (3-25mm) are
processed by extrusion-compression moulding. The
current work focuses on the applied science and
manufacturing of E-glass/polypropylene (E-glass/PP)
LFT composite material. Process simulation was
conductedtoevaluatetheflowoffibrefilledviscouscharge
during the compression moulding of the LFT composite .
Studies on optimum charge size and placement in the tool,
pressforce,temperatureofmould,shrinkageandwarpage
werealsoconducted.Theflowpatternofthemoltencharge
inthemouldandtheresultingfibreorientationpredictedby
processsimulationareverifiedexperimentally.Thestudies
have been applied for a mass transit/transportation
componentnamely,aLFTbatteryboxaccessdoorforformfit-functiontoreplaceaheavymetaldoor.Weightreduction
of60%wasachievedusing40%weightpercentE-glass/PP
LFT over the metal design. 28 refs. Copyright (c) 2008
Elsevier Ltd.
Copyquest order no. 1028527
USA
HIGH STRENGTH ZENTRON FIBER AS
ALTERNATIVE TO CARBON FIBER IN
LONG FIBER THERMOPLASTIC MOLDING
COMPOUNDS.
Rosenow M; Finan J; Murray D; Mancinelli J; Kranjc
M; Wollan E
AGY; PlastiComp
E-glass fibre, S-2 Glass roving and ZenTron high strength
glass fibre are compared to carbon fibre in a polyamide-6
longfibrethermoplasticcompound.Itisshownthatatequal
fibrevolume,theZenTronreinforcedpolyamideisequalin
tensilestrengthbutpossessesfrom26to50%greaterimpact
toughness.ThishighstrengthfillsthegapbetweenE-glass
and carbon fibre for demanding higher performance
applications. 1 ref.
Item 22
SAMPE '08: Material and Process Innovations:
Changing our World. Volume 53. Proceedings of a
conference held Long Beach, Ca., 18-22 May, 2008
Editor(s): SAMPE Covina, Ca., SAMPE International
Business Office, 2008, Paper 243, pp.9, CD-ROM, 012
PROCESSING & CHARACTERIZATION OF
CONTINUOUS FIBER REINFORCEMENTS
CO-MOLDED WITH LONG FIBER
REINFORCED THERMOPLASTICS .
Thattaiparthasarthy K B; Vaidya U K
Alabama,University
Theresultsarereportedofastudycarriedouttoestablishthe
processing methodology to obtain a long fibre
thermoplastic (PP) reinforced with preconsolidated
(pultruded/compressi on moul ded ) co n t i nu o us
unidirectional tapes, which are co-moulded with a skin
(endlesslongfibrethermoplastics).Theinitialthicknessof
thepreconsolidatedcontinuoustapesisoptimisedtoobtain
maximum flexural properties on the endless long fibre
ã2009 Smithers Rapra Technology Ltd.
Copyquest order no. 1028016
Item 24
Polymers for Advanced Technologies 19, No.7, July
2008, p.895-904 ISSN: 1042-7147 CODEN: PADTE5
EFFECT OF FIBER LENGTH AND
COMPOSITION ON MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF CARBON FIBERREINFORCED POLYBENZOXAZINE.
Kumar K S S; Nair C P R; Ninan K N (Vikram
Sarabhai Space Centre)
The mechanical strength and modulus of chopped carbon
fibre(CF)- reinforced polybenzoxazine composites were
investigated by changing the length of CFs. Tensile,
compressiveandflexuralpropertieswereinvestigated.The
void content was found to be higher for the short fibre
composites.Withincreaseinfibrelength,TSincreasedand
was optimised at around 17 mm fibre length, whereas
compressive strength exhibited a continuous diminution.
The flexural strength also increased with fibre length and
wasoptimisedataround17mmfibrelength.Theincreasein
8
References and Abstracts
strengthofcompositeswithfibrelengthwasattributedtothe
enhancement in effective contact area of fibres with the
matrix. The experimental results showed that there was
about350%increaseinflexuralstrengthand470%increase
in TS of the composites with respect to the neat
polybenzoxazine, while compressive properties were
adverselyaffected.Thecompositesexhibitedanoptimum
increase of about 800% in flexural modulus and 200% in
tensile modulus. Enhancing the fibre length led to fibre
entanglement in the composites , resulting in increased
plasticdeformationathigherstrain.Multiplebranchmatrix
shear, debonded fibres and voids were the failures
visualised in the microscopic analyses. Defibrillation was
exhibited by all composites irrespective of fibre length.
Fibre debonding and breaking were associated with short
fibres,whereasclusteringanddefibrillationwerethemajor
failure modes in long fibre composites . Increasing fibre
loading improved the tensile and flexural properties up to
50-60 wt % of fibre, whereas the compressive properties
consistently decreased with fibre loading. 31 refs.
INDIA
Copyquest order no. 1026102
Item 25
Express Polymer Letters 2, No.8, 2008, p.560-568
ISSN: 1788-618X
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FIBER
DEGRADATION AND RESIDENCE TIME
DISTRIBUTION IN THE PROCESSING OF
LONG FIBER REINFORCED
THERMOPLASTICS .
Zhuang H; Ren P; Zong Y; Dai G C (East
China,University of Science & Technology)
Fibre degradation in long glass fibre- reinforced
polypropylene composites processed by in-line
compounding equipment with a modified single screw
extruder was investigated by fibre length and fibre
dispersionmeasurements,andresidencetimedistributions
(RTD) were determined by a pulse stimulus response
technique using poly(ethylene terephthalate) spheres as
tracers. The effects of screw speed, mixing length and
channeldepthonRTDcurvesandonfibredegradationwere
studied,andoptimisationofprocessingconditionsinterms
of fibre length and dispersion is discussed. 17 refs.
equipment maker KraussMaffei including mixing heads,
meteringmachinesandproductionsystemsforPUR.Oneof
these is the company's proprietary SkinForm process.
SkinForm combines injection moulding with RPM in a
single production system. The first step of the work cycle
produces a thermoplastic substrate. In the second step, the
substrate is partly or completely coated with PUR in the
mould.KraussMaffeialsooffersanewIn-MouldPainting
processforproducinglong-fibreinjectionpartswithhighglosssurfaces.Arelativelynewapplicationishoneycombcore moulding, where a cardboard honeycomb layer is
sandwiched between two reinforced PUR layers. Another
relativelynewoptionistocombinetheLFIprocesswithInMould Graining.
EUROPEAN COMMUNITY; EUROPEAN UNION; GERMANY;
WESTERN EUROPE
Copyquest order no. 1024400
Item 27
Kunststoffe International 98, No.6, 2008, p.14-15
ISSN: 1862-4243
THE POWER OF LONG FIBERS .
Maedefessel-Herrmann K
TheopeningoftwonewproductionplantsbyEMS-Chemie
atGross-UmstadtinGermanyisdescribed.Theplantsarea
large state-of-the-art plant for efficient production of
specialitypolyamidesandapultrusionplantforproduction
of long fibre - reinforced polyamides. Manufacturing
capacity has been increased by more than 30%. The
potentialofthelongfibrecompositesforuseasasubstitute
for metal is discussed.
EUROPEAN COMMUNITY; EUROPEAN UNION; GERMANY;
WESTERN EUROPE
Copyquest order no. 1024230
Item 28
Journal of Materials Science 43, No.13, July 2008,
p.4423-4432 ISSN: 0022-2461 CODEN: JMTSAS
EFFECT OF UV EXPOSURE ON THE
MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF LONG FIBER
THERMOPLASTIC (LFT) COMPOSITES .
Goel A; Chawla K K; Vaidya U K; Koopman M; Dean
D R (Alabama,University at Birmingham)
CHINA
TheeffectsofUVexposureforvariousperiodsoftimeonthe
microstructure and dynamic Young's modulus of
compositesofpolypropylene(PP)andE-glasslongfibres,
Item 26
fabricated by extrusion and compression moulding, were
Modern Plastics World Encyclopedia 2008, p.54
TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONS HELP SPUR i n ves t ig a t ed by op t ic al m ic r o s c o py, S E M,
nanoindentation, FTIR and dynamic Young's modulus
MARKET.
determination via an impulse excitation technique. The
Jung L; Renkl J (Krauss-Maffei GmbH)
results are discussed in comparison with those for the PP
Reaction process machinery (RPM) has grown in matrixitselfintermsofsurfacecrackingandcrystallinityof
popularity as it enables processors to make lightweight the damaged layer. 18 refs.
parts with high flexural modulus on low-cost tooling. The
USA
process involves high-pressure mixing of two or more
reactive liquid components for PUR, nylon, thermoset Copyquest order no. 1023807
polyester or epoxy. A number of new technical Item 29
developments have been developed by processing Journal of Materials Science 43, No.13, July 2008,
Copyquest order no. 1024490
ã2009 Smithers Rapra Technology Ltd.
9
References and Abstracts
p.4391-4398 ISSN: 0022-2461 CODEN: JMTSAS
CHARACTERIZATION OF LONG FIBER
THERMOPLASTIC /METAL LAMINATES.
Kulkarni R R; Chawla K K; Vaidya U K; Koopman M
C; Eberhardt A W (Alabama,University at
Birmingham)
The fabrication by compression moulding of long - fibre
reinforced polyamide-6,6 composite /aluminium metal
laminates, comprising alternate layers of metal and
thermoplastic composite , and their characterisation by
Young's modulus, mechanical strength, low velocity
impact properties and SEM examination of fracture
surfaces, is described. Failure mechanisms included
delamination,fibrefractureandpull-out,andshearfracture
of metal and composite layers, and the mechanical
propertiesofthelaminatesarediscussedincomparisonwith
those of the composite and with predictions based on the
rule-of-mixtures. 17 refs.
USA
Copyquest order no. 1023805
distribution(FLD)data,intermsofnumberoffibresversus
fibre length, and were used in the computation. The twoparameterWeibull'sdistributionwasalsousedtorepresent
theactualFLD.TheMori-Tanakamodelthatemployedthe
Eshelby'sequivalentinclusionmethodwasthenappliedto
calculatethestiffnessmatrixofthealignedfibrecomposite
containing the established FLD. The stiffness of the actual
as-formed composite was then determined from the
stiffness of the computed aligned fibre composite that was
averagedoverallpossibleorientationsusingtheorientation
averaging method. The methodology to predict the elastic
properties of LFTs was validated via experimental
verification of the longitudinal and transverse moduli
determined for long glass fibre injection-moulded PP
specimens.Finally,asensitivityanalysiswasconductedto
determinetheeffectofavariationofFLDonthecomposite
elasticproperties.Theanalysisshowedthatitisessentialto
obtain an accurate fibre orientation distribution and a
realisticfibrelengthdistributionforaccuratepredictionof
the composite properties. 30 refs.
USA
Copyquest order no. 1021079
Item 30
Plastics Technology 54, No.3, March 2008, p.29 ISSN: Item 32
0032-1257 CODEN: PLTEAB
Materials World 16, No.6, June 2008, p.28-30 ISSN:
BIOCOMPOSITES BY IN-LINE
0967-8638
COMPOUNDING AND MOLDING.
IN THE FRAME.
At the Fraunhofer Institut fur Chemische Technologie in Singh R (QinetiQ)
Germany,scientistshavebeenexploringnewprocessesfor Current carbon fibre tennis racquet frames are
manufacturing biocomposites of bio-based polymers and manufactured by arranging ready-to-mould, prenaturalfibressuchashempandflax.Thissmallarticleoffers impregnatedsheetsofaligned,continuousfibrelengthsand
us brief details of the researchers' adaptation of the D-LFT 0/90degreeweavesoffibreinathermosetresinindifferent
(direct long - fibre thermoplastic ) technique for in-line orientationsandproportionssothattheoptimumbalancein
compounding and moulding (previously used for glass racquetpropertiescanbeachievedforagivenframeshape
fibre in standard resins such as PP).
and weight. However, this is labour intensive. Many
EU; EUROPEAN COMMUNITY; EUROPEAN UNION;
advancesininjectionmouldingandmaterialsoffergreater
GERMANY; WESTERN EUROPE; WESTERN EUROPEopportunities to mould larger and stronger components
GENERAL
thanwerepreviouslypossiblewithshortfibrecomposites.
Copyquest order no. 1021810
The benefits have arisen mainly from the development of
discontinuous long - fibre reinforced moulding materials,
Item 31
containing fibre 10-15mm in length. QinetiQ, in
Journal of Composite Materials 42, No.10, May 2008, collaboration with a major tennis racquet manufacturer,
p.1003-1029 ISSN: 0021-9983 CODEN: JCOMBI
exploredthepossibilityofusingthesetypesofmaterialsfor
FIBER LENGTH AND ORIENTATION IN
tennis racquet frames, with the aim of developing a
LONG - FIBER INJECTION-MOLDED
competitive,lowcostframeofcomparableperformanceto
THERMOPLASTICS . I. MODELING OF
existing composite versions.
MICROSTRUCTURE AND ELASTIC
EUROPEAN COMMUNITY; EUROPEAN UNION; UK;
PROPERTIES.
WESTERN EUROPE
Nguyen B N; Bapanapalli S K; Holbery J D; Smith M
Copyquest order no. 1020572
T; Kunc V; Frame B J; Phelps J H; Tucker C L
Item 33
(Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Oak Ridge
European Plastics News 35, No.5, May 2008, p.27-29
National Laboratory; Illinois,University)
ISSN: 0306-3534 CODEN: EUPNBT
A methodology was developed to predict the elastic
JEC SHOWCASES INNOVATION.
propertiesoflong-fibreinjection-mouldedthermoplastics
Vink D
(LFTs). The corrected experimental fibre length
distributionandthepredictedandexperimentalorientation The JEC composites fair and conference attracted 1,053
distributionswereusedinmodellingtocomputetheelastic exhibitors this year, up by 100 over 2007, and 27,000
propertiesofthecomposite.Firstly,theprobabilitydensity visitors. The automotive industry was well represented,
functions were determined from the fibre length with Advanced Composites Group presenting use of the
ã2009 Smithers Rapra Technology Ltd.
10
References and Abstracts
carbon fibre prepreg system that is now supplied for
bodywork of the Koenigsegg Automotive's Edition CCX
and CCXR sports cars. Meanwhile, ACG launched its
DForm Deformable Composite System at the show,
combining conformability of short fibre moulding
compound with the directional characteristics of high
performance long fibre composites to make tooling
systems.GuritsaysitsSPRINTcarbodysheetCFRPbody
panels are now used for the Aston Martin DBS model boot
closure and lid, door opening surrounds, bonnet and front
wing.PPhoneycombcoremaker,Nidaplastsaysthatitsfive
families of GRP, metal, decorative stone, wood and
reinforced PPfacings that can be used with the Nidaplast 8
honeycomb panels are making a large contribution to
lightweight building fa ade claddings.
impact was analyzed with scanning electron micrographs
and was correlated with impact property of LFPP
composites . Fracture and failure behaviour of injection
moulded LFPP composite were studied and relationship
between fracture toughness and microstructure of LFPP
composite was analyzed. The microstructure of the
composites was characterized by the dimensionless
reinforcing effectiveness parameter, which accounts for
theinfluenceoffibrelayerstructure,fibrealignment,fibre
volumefraction,fibrelengthdistribution,andaspectratio.
Matrix stress condition factor and energy absorption ratio
were determined for LFPP composites prepared with and
without compatibiliser. Failure mechanism of both the
matrix and fibre, revealed with SEM images, were
discussed. 14 refs.
WORLD
INDIA
Copyquest order no. 1020514
Copyquest order no. 1019136
Item 34
European Chemical Engineer June 2008, p.34-35
Item 36
Injection Molding 16, No.2, Feb.2008, p.28-31 ISSN:
1071-362X
RISING TO THE DEMAND FOR LIGHTER
AND STRONGER COMPOSITE MATERIALS. HERE'S THE SKINNY ON LONG FIBER .
Maniscalco M
Lydon M
Recent commercial developments in polymers,
composites and foams to meet demands from the
communications, diagnostics and aircraft sectors for
lightweight high-strength products are reviewed.
Examples cited include the production of long fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites based on various
resins such as polypropylene or polyamide for injection
moulding applications, polyethylene fibres for medical
device applications, and lightweight crosslinked closedcell block poly(vinylidene fluoride) foams for aerospace
applications. No refs.
Copyquest order no. 1019224
Item 35
Polymer Composites 29, No.5, 2008, p.525-533 ISSN:
0272-8397 CODEN: PCOMDI
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF
INJECTION MOLDED LONG FIBER
POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES , PART 2:
IMPACT AND FRACTURE TOUGHNESS.
Senthil Kumar K; Bhatnagar N; Ghosh A K (Indian
Institute of Technology)
This study describes the effect of fibre length and
compatibilisercontentonnotchedizodimpactandfracture
toughness properties. Long fibre polypropylene (LFPP)
pelletsofdifferentsizeswerepreparedbyextrusionprocess
using a new radial impregnation die, and subsequently,
pellets were injection moulded as described in previous
publication(ref.1).Thecontentofglassfibrereinforcement
was maintained same for all compositions. Maleicanhydride grafted polypropylene (MA-g-PP) was chosen
as a compatibiliser to increase the adhesion between glass
fibreandPPmatrixanditscontentwasmaintainedat2wt%.
Notched izod impact property was studied for LFPP
composites prepared with and without compatibiliser for
different pellet sizes. Failure mechanism due to sudden
ã2009 Smithers Rapra Technology Ltd.
Long - fibre thermoplastics (LFTs) solve some of the
trickiestmetal-replacementchallengesatacostlowerthan
thatofexotic,high-endpolymers.Inaddition,unlikeglass
mat thermoplastics which support only compression
moulding or stamping, long fibre enables the design
freedom, parts consolidation and processing benefits of
injection moulding. More recently added to the mix are
inlinecompounding(ILC)systemsforinjectionmoulding,
also known as D-LFT (direct long - fibre thermoplastic ),
whichpromisetoreducecostsforhigh-volumeproduction
as they serve up stronger structural parts primarily in
automotive applications. Townsend Polymer Services &
Information predicts that the LFT global growth rate will
remainaround12%annuallythrough2011.PPremainsthe
dominant resin used for LFT, and automotive continues to
account for the majority of end-use applications.
WORLD
Copyquest order no. 1019024
Item 37
Plastics Additives and Compounding 10, No.2, MarchApril 2008, p.38-43 ISSN: 1464-391X
LFT DEVELOPMENT STATUS AND
PERSPECTIVES.
Schemme M (Rosenheim,Fachhochschule)
Long fibre reinforced thermoplastics have become well
established over the past 20 years as high performance
engineering materials for structural applications in the
automotive industry. Apart from their excellent economic
benefits and low weight, their big advantage lies in a high
level of productivity in processing, which is a result of the
short cycle times attainable with thermoplastic matrix
systems. This article reviews long fibre reinforced
thermoplastics technologies and their applications in the
automotive industry.
EUROPEAN COMMUNITY; EUROPEAN UNION; GERMANY;
11
References and Abstracts
WESTERN EUROPE
Copyquest order no. 1018970
Item 38
Plastics Engineering 64, No.3, March 2008, p.28/34
ISSN: 0091-9578 CODEN: PLEGBB
CLOSING THE GAP ON METALS.
Daykin S (DuPont Europe)
runnersaimedatpreservingthefibrelengthforprocessors
oflong-fibre-reinforcedcompoundsandanewoptionfor
the Ultra 500 valve gate that is able to withstand high
pressuretomould,forexample,electronicsapplications.
WORLD
Copyquest order no. 1016265
Item 40
Recent developments in high-performance polymers and Plastics Technology 54, No.2, Feb.2008, p.28 ISSN:
advanced reinforcing systems have allowed further use of 0032-1257 CODEN: PLTEAB
engineering polymers as viable metal alternatives in IN-MOLD PAINTING FOR LONG - FIBER
demanding applications, but there is still a significant gap PUR.
between strength and stiffness properties of engineering Krauss-Maffei Kunststofftechnik GmbH of Germany has
polymers compared with those of metals. Research and introducedanewin-mouldpaintingprocessforlong-fibre
development of alternate technologies has explored glass- reinforced PU composite parts, which produces
materialssolutionstofurtherbridgethisperformancegap. smooth surfaces, for vehicles and agricultural machinery.
DuPont has built a portfolio for Advanced Metals The technology is briefly described in this short article.
Replacement, which today includes two differentiated EUROPEAN COMMUNITY; EUROPEAN UNION; GERMANY;
areas.SuperStructuralMonolithicSolutionsconsistsofan INDIA; USA; WESTERN EUROPE
array of glass-, carbon- and long - fibre - reinforced Copyquest order no. 1015796
thermoplastics for very high stiffness and strength
combined with excellent resistance to creep and fatigue. Item 41
New launches include high-stiffness carbon/glass- Engineering Design No.1, 2008, p.2-3
reinforcedresinsforZytelHTN51and53series.Thesecond CLOSING THE GAP ON METALS.
addition is MetaFuse nanometal/polymer hybrids. Robertson C (DuPont Engineering Polymers)
MetaFuse uses a deposition process to apply a thin, ultra- Research and development in alternate technologies have
high-strengthmetallayertomouldedcomponents.Athird, explored materials solutions to further bridge the gap in
complementary solution is currently under development. materialpropertiesbetweenmetalsandthermoplastics.Itis
Thermoplastic Composite Solutions foresees the against this background, particularly with regard to the
overmoulding of a continuous-fibre reinforcement in a discrepancy in terms of stiffness between its own
finished part to combine very high stiffness and strength engineeringpolymersandmetals,thatDuPonthasbuiltits
with high part functionality and complexity.
own portfolio for Advanced Metals Replacement, which
SWITZERLAND; WESTERN EUROPE
todayincludestwodifferentiatedofferings.Thecompany's
SuperStructural Monolithic Solutions consists of an array
Copyquest order no. 1017030
ofglass-,carbon-andlongfibre-reinforcedthermoplastics
Item 39
forveryhighstiffnessandstrengthcombinedwithexcellent
Modern Plastics Worldwide 85, No.3, March 2008,
creep and fatigue resistance. New launches include highp.26-28 ISSN: 0026-8275
stiffness carbon/glass reinforced resins for the DuPont
MARKET CONDITIONS RIPE FOR HOT
Zytel HTN 51 and 53 series, whereby tensile modulus, or
RUNNER ADVANCES.
stiffness, has been increased by 50% or more versus its
Goldsberry C; Defosse M
existing glass fibre- reinforced grades. The second, most
One goal apparent in new hot runner designs is their recent addition to the DuPont portfolio of advanced metal
manufacturers'chargetohelpmouldmakersreducemould replacements are Metafuse nanometal/polymer hybrids.
size,andsaveonmouldcosts(steel)andenableprocessorsto The new technology employs a proprietary process that
use smaller processing machines. Speed-to-market also precisely applies ultra high-strength nanometal to
remainscritical.Meetingtheserequirementsisamould/hot components made of DuPont engineering polymers to
runnercombinationdevelopedbymouldmakerAmtecand createlightweightcomponentsinmyriad,complexshapes
hot runner manufacturer Heitec. Their challenge was with the stiffness of magnesium or aluminium and higher
keeping costs low and mould size small for a mould for strength.
syringeswithbothLuerLockandneedlelockconnections, USA
so each can be fitted with different needles. D-M-E now Copyquest order no. 1015262
offersahotrunnersystemespeciallyforinjectionmoulding
Item 42
of crates. It is the company's first hot runner system with a
Composites Technology 14, No.1, Feb.2008, p.40-42
filter as standard. Filters are crucial in crate moulding as
ISSN: 1083-4117
processorsoftenmouldwithhighrecyclatecontentandthus
ADDITIVES ADD KEY INNOVATIONS.
often high contaminant levels. New from Thermoplay is a
Snyder M R
hot runner system with the hot runner shut-off group
integrated inside the nozzle(s) for moulders running stack In the composites industry, the category “additives”
moulds. Husky Injection Molding Systems is offering hot describes a variety of materials that have in common the
ã2009 Smithers Rapra Technology Ltd.
12
References and Abstracts
ability to modify the behaviour, appearance, mechanical
properties and/or processability of a polymer resin. This
article examines additives developments that have added
value to these indispensable resin system add-ons.
PlastiComp has introduced its line of Complet pellets in
which long fibre - reinforced thermoplastic technology is
compounded with impact modifiers, colourants and other
customer-specified additives. It is claimed that the
materialshavefoundtobesuperiortodry-blendedmaterials
intermsofpart-weightconsistencyandaesthetics.RTPhas
enhanced its line of long fibre thermoplastic compounds
withtheintroductionoflong-cutadditivepellets,produced
in masterbatches to reduce customer lead time. Material
separation during handling reportedly is minimised
becausethepelletgeometryoftheadditivesissimilartothe
LFT pellets. Cloisite nanoclay additives from Southern
Clay Products can be incorporated into material
formulationsforSMCandBMCtoimproveresinflowand,
therefore, finished part quality.
EUROPEAN COMMUNITY; EUROPEAN UNION;
NETHERLANDS; USA; WESTERN EUROPE
GROWTH.
A 12% global growth rate for long fibre - reinforced
thermoplastics is predicted up to 2011, according to the
GlobalLFTMarketreportcompiledbyTownsendPolymer
Services&Information.Thereportpredictsthatby2011,an
extra400mUSdollarsinrevenuefromLFTwillhavebeen
created. Growth is largely being driven by automotive
producersusingLFTtoreplacemetalcomponentstoreduce
theweightoftheirvehiclesandthereforefuelconsumption.
HalfoftheLFTvolumeincreaseforecastoverthenextfive
yearsisputdowntofiveapplicationareasincluding:frontend modules, instrument panels, door modules and
underbody shields in automotive and general/industrial
goods in the non automotive sector. In 2006, China
accounted for only 5% of the total worldwide LFT
consumption, ranking it fourth behind Europe, North
AmericaandJapan.By2011,however,Chinaisexpectedto
surpassJapan,whichcurrentlyuses11%oftheworld'sLFT,
it is briefly reported.
Copyquest order no. 1011363
Copyquest order no. 1013306
Item 43
Reinforced Plastics 52, No.1, Jan.2008, p.32/39 ISSN:
0034-3617
LFT DEVELOPMENT STATUS AND
PERSPECTIVES.
Schemme M (Rosenheim F.H.)
Apart from their excellent economic benefits and low
weight, the big advantage of long fibre reinforced
thermoplastics lies in a high level of productivity in
processing, which is a result of the short cycle times
attainable with thermoplastic matrix systems. With the
arrival of new material systems optimised for the specific
application, and with the ongoing development of the
processing and process engineering, it has now become
possible to mass produce highly stressed structural parts
and innovative module systems with a high level of
functionalintegration.Currentexamplesofapplicationsin
theautomotivesegmentincludeinstrumentpanelsupports,
technical front-ends, door and roof modules, hatchback
doors, seat shells, bumper supports, sound-absorbing
shells,sparewheelpansandcompleteunderbodysystems.
Arealreductionintheweightofvehiclescanonlybereached
by the use of new material concepts and manufacturing
technologies.Glassfibre/PPbasedLFTmaterialsmeetthe
demandsoftheautomotiveindustryregardingsystemcosts
andmassproductionbecauseoftheircompetitivepricesand
the cycle times which can be realised with thermoplastic
matrices.
EUROPEAN COMMUNITY; EUROPEAN UNION; GERMANY;
WESTERN EUROPE
Copyquest order no. 1011375
Item 44
European Plastics News 35, No.1, Jan.2008, p.15
ISSN: 0306-3534 CODEN: EUPNBT
GLOBAL LFT MARKET IS SET FOR 12%
ã2009 Smithers Rapra Technology Ltd.
13
Subject Index
Subject Heading
ABRASION, 16
ABRASION RESISTANCE, 16
ABS, 1 9 15
ACRYLONITRILEBUTADIENE-STYRENE
TERPOLYMER, 1 9 15
ADDITIVE, 4 17 42
ADHESION, 16
AEROSPACE APPLICATION,
34
AGRICULTURAL
APPLICATION, 40
AIR-INTAKE MANIFOLD, 38
ALIGNMENT, 7 31
ALKENE POLYMER, 1 2 4 7 17
18 31
ALUMINIUM, 29
AMIDE POLYMER, 1 3 11 18
27 32 34 36
ANALYSIS, 8 10 16 19 32 35
APPEARANCE, 40
APPLICATION, 3 4 6 9 11 13 14
15 19 23 26 33 34 36 37 38
39 40 41 43 44
AROMATIC, 18
ASPECT RATIO, 32 35
AUTOMOTIVE
APPLICATION, 4 6 9 11 13
14 26 33 36 37 38 40 41 43
44
AWARD, 33
BARRIER COATING, 40
BARRIER PROPERTIES, 40
BEAM, 2
BENDING STRENGTH, 32
BENZOXAZINE RESIN, 33
BINDER, 15
BIOCOMPOSITE, 30
BLEND, 4 15 33
BMC, 33 42
BODY PANEL, 6 33
BODY PANELS, 6 33
BONNET, 33
BOOT LID, 6
BUILDING APPLICATION, 33
BULK MOULDING
COMPOUND, 33 42
BUS, 13 40
CAD, 19
CALCULATION, 7 31
CAPACITY, 9 27
CAPROLACTAM POLYMER,
8 21
CARBON FIBRE, 9 21 23
CARBON FIBRE-
ã2009 Smithers Rapra Technology Ltd.
REINFORCED PLASTIC, 1
3 6 18 19 21 24 32 33 38 41
CARBONATE POLYMER, 9 15
33 39
CELLULAR MATERIAL, 15 34
CFRP, 1 3 6 18 19 21 24 32 33
38 41
CHAIR, 36
CHANNEL, 12 25
CHARACTERISATION, 3 8 23
29 35
CHASSIS, 6
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY, 17
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, 15
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE, 15
CHEMICAL RESISTANT, 15
CHLORINE-CONTAINING
POLYMER, 18
CHOPPED FIBRE, 24
CHOPPING, 30 40
CLADDING, 33
CLAMP FORCE, 39
CLAMPING FORCE, 39
CLEAN ROOM, 39
CLOSED CELL, 15 34
CLOSED-CELL, 15 34
CLUSTER, 24
CO-MOULDING, 22
CO-ROTATING, 30
COATING, 6 40 42
COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION,
16
COLOUR, 40
COLOURANT, 42
COMMERCIAL
INFORMATION, 9 33
COMMERCIALISATION, 4 34
40
COMMUNICATIONS
APPLICATION, 34
COMPANY INFORMATION,
27
COMPATIBILISER, 35
COMPOUND, 30
COMPOUNDING, 4 12 25 30 42
COMPRESSION, 24 30
COMPRESSION MOULDING,
3 9 11 20 22 23 28 29 37 43
COMPUTER AIDED
ANALYSIS, 10
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN,
19
COMPUTER SIMULATION, 10
CONCENTRATE, 4 36
CONFERENCE, 33
CONSOLIDATION, 3
CONSUMPTION, 17 36 44
CONTACT AREA, 24
CONTINUOUS, 16
CONTINUOUS FIBRE, 1 14 22 38
CORE, 33 40
COST, 3 4 6 11 14 33 36 37 39 43
COSTS, 3 4 6 14 36 37 39 43
COUPLING AGENT, 42
COVER, 40
CRACK PROPAGATION, 24
CRACKING, 28
CRASH RESISTANCE, 14
CRATE, 39
CREEP, 41
CREEP RESISTANCE, 32 38
CREEP RESISTANT, 32 38
CROSSLINKED, 34
CRYSTALLINITY, 28
CYCLE TIME, 3 33 36 37
DAMAGE, 28
DAMPING, 2 32
DEBONDING, 24
DEFECT, 7 10 24
DEFIBRILLATION, 24
DEFORMATION, 24
DEGRADATION, 25
DELAMINATION, 29
DEMAND, 4 36 37 43
DENSITY, 6 20
DENSITY FUNCTION, 10
DEPOSITION, 38 41
DEPTH, 25
DESIGN, 4 11 14 19
DETERMINATION, 25
DETERMINATIONS, 25
DEVELOPMENT, 9 30 34 38 40
DIAGNOSTIC APPLICATION, 34
DIAGRAM, 23
DICYCLOPENTADIENE
POLYMER, 33
DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING
CALORIMETRY, 18
DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL
ANALYSIS, 18
DIFFRACTION, 18
DIFFUSION, 7
DILUTION, 4
DIMENSIONAL STABILITY, 33
DIRECT COMPOUNDING, 36 37
43
DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS, 8 10
16 35
DISPERSION, 4 25
DOOR, 4 9 36 44
14
Subject Index
DOOR PANEL, 26
DOSE RATE, 42
DSC, 18
DURABILITY, 4
DYNAMIC, 28
DYNAMIC MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES, 11
DYNAMIC PROPERTIES, 11
E-GLASS, 21
E-MODULUS, 1 20 28 29 32
ECONOMIC INFORMATION,
4 17 33 36 37 43 44
ELASTIC MODULUS, 1 20 28
29 32
ELASTIC-PLASTIC
BEHAVIOUR, 7 10
ELASTICITY, 31
ELASTOMER, 18
ELECTRIC CAR, 6
ELECTRICAL
CONDUCTIVITY, 42
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY, 16
28 29 35
ELECTRON SCANNING
MICROSCOPY, 16 28 29 35
ELECTRONIC APPLICATION,
38 39 41
EMISSION, 43
ENERGY ABSORPTION, 20 35
38 41
ENERGY SAVING, 33
ENGINE, 40
ENGINEERING PLASTIC, 38
41
ENGINEERING
THERMOPLASTIC, 38 41
ENTANGLEMENT, 24
EPOXIDE POLYMER, 33
EPOXIDE RESIN, 33
EPOXY RESIN, 33
EQUATION, 23
EQUIPMENT, 1 12 30 39 40
ETHYLENE POLYMER, 17 20
34 42
EXHIBITION, 6
EXTRUDED, 8
EXTRUDER, 1 12 25 30
EXTRUDING, 1 3 4 12 23 28 30
32 35 42 43
EXTRUSION, 1 3 4 12 23 28 30
32 35 42 43
FABRIC, 13
FABRICATION, 14 28 29
FAILURE, 7 10 24 29 35
FAILURE MECHANISM, 29 35
FATIGUE RESISTANCE, 4 38
41
FAULT, 7 10 24
ã2009 Smithers Rapra Technology Ltd.
FEASIBILITY STUDY, 11
FEEDING, 30
FIBRE ALIGNMENT, 35
FIBRE CONTENT, 3 8 26 36 37
43
FIBRE DIAMETER, 37 43
FIBRE GLASS, 4 9 21 23 30 40
FIBRE LENGTH, 1 7 8 16 18 24
25 31 32 35 36 37 43
FIBRE LENGTH
DISTRIBUTION, 7 8 31 35
FIBRE ORIENTATION, 2 7 10
19 31 32 33 37 43
FILAMENT, 1 14 22 23 25 29 34
38
FILAMENT WINDING, 9 18
FILLER, 6 26
FILM, 40
FILMS, 40
FILTER, 39
FINANCE, 30 36
FINISHING, 40
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS,
10 19 32
FINITE ELEMENT ITERATIVE
METHOD, 10 19 32
FIRE RESISTANCE, 15
FLAME PROOFING, 42
FLAME RETARDANCE, 42
FLAME RETARDANT, 42
FLAMMABILITY, 15
FLAW, 7 10 24
FLAX, 30
FLEXURAL MODULUS, 21 24
38
FLEXURAL PROPERTIES, 2 3
4 8 19 21 22 24 31 32 38 41
FLEXURAL STRENGTH, 21 24
FLOW DIAGRAM, 23
FLOW PATTERN, 23
FOAM, 15 34
FOAM-CORE, 32
FORCE, 16
FOURIER TRANSFORM
INFRARED
SPECTROSCOPY, 28
FRACTURE, 10 24 29 35
FRACTURE MORPHOLOGY,
16
FRACTURE SURFACE, 29
FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, 35
FREQUENCY, 2
FRICTION COEFFICIENT, 16
FRICTION PROPERTIES, 16
FRICTIONAL PROPERTIES,
16
FRP, 1 3 6 18 19 21 24 29 32 33
34 38 41
FTIR, 28
FTIR SPECTROSCOPY, 28
FUNDING, 30
GATE VALVE, 39
GEAR, 38
GEARS, 38
GEL COAT, 42
GEOMETRY, 4
GLASS, 21 40
GLASS FIBRE, 4 9 21 23 30 40
GLASS FIBRE-REINFORCED, 8
14 25 28 35
GLASS FIBRE-REINFORCED
PLASTIC, 1 2 4 6 7 8 9 11 14 15
16 18 20 21 25 26 27 28 31 33 35
38 40 41 43 44
GLASS FIBRE-REINFORCED
PLASTICS, 8 14 25 28 35
GLASS MAT, 37 43
GLASS TRANSITION
TEMPERATURE, 18
GLOSS, 26 40
GOVERNMENT AID, 30
GRAFT COPOLYMER, 35
GRAFTED, 8
GRANT, 30
GRANULATE, 37 43
GRANULE, 12
GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS, 18
GROWTH RATE, 33 36 37 43 44
GRP, 1 2 4 6 7 8 9 11 14 15 16 18 20
21 25 26 27 28 31 33 35 38 40 41
43 44
HALOGEN-FREE, 42
HDPE, 20 42
HEAT RESISTANCE, 9
HEATING, 33
HELMET, 19
HEMP, 30
HIGH DENSITY
POLYETHYLENE, 20 42
HIGH STRENGTH, 34
HIGH-PERFORMANCE, 21
HISTOGRAM, 16
HONEYCOMB, 33 40
HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE, 26
HOT RUNNER, 36 39
HULL, 33
HYBRID, 6 38 41
HYBRID COMPOSITE, 13 18
IMAGE ANALYSIS, 8
IMPACT ENERGY, 20
IMPACT PROPERTIES, 4 8 20 21
29 35 36 38
IMPACT RESISTANCE, 4
IMPACT RESISTANT, 4
IMPACT STRENGTH, 21 36 38
IMPREGNATION, 4 20
15
Subject Index
IN-LINE, 12 25 36
IN-MOULD COATING, 6
IN-MOULD DECORATING, 40
IN-MOULD GRAINING, 26
IN-MOULD PAINTING, 26
IN-SITU, 18
INDENTATION, 28
INDUCTION HEATING, 33
INDUSTRY, 4
INFRA-RED SPECTRA, 28
INFRARED SPECTRA, 28
INFRARED
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY,
28
INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY,
28
INJECTION, 40
INJECTION COMPRESSION
MOULDING, 43
INJECTION MOULDED, 35
INJECTION MOULDING, 4 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 21 26 30 31 32
34 36 37 38 43
INJECTION MOULDING
MACHINE, 39
INJECTION PRESSURE, 8
INSERT, 26 40
INSERT MOULD, 26 38 41
INSTITUTION, 2 3 5 7 8 10 13
16 18 19 20 22 23 24 25 28
29 30 31 35
INSTRUMENT PANEL, 36 44
INTEGRAL SKIN, 15
INTERFACIAL ADHESION, 8
35
INVESTMENT, 36
IR SPECTRA, 28
IR SPECTROMETRY, 28
IR SPECTROSCOPY, 28
IR SPECTRUM, 28
IRON, 2
IZOD, 35
JOINT VENTURE, 30
KEY ARTICLE, 5 18
KNITTED FABRIC, 13
LAMINATE, 20 29
LAMINATES, 20 29
LASER INDUCED
BREAKDOWN
SPECTROSCOPY, 28
LAUROLACTAM POLYMER,
1 3 11 18 27 32 34 36
LAY-UP, 18
LAYER, 28
LENGTH, 23 25
LIGHTWEIGHT, 3 9 13 34
LINING, 19
LOAD BEARING, 4
ã2009 Smithers Rapra Technology Ltd.
LOAD DEFLECTION, 32
LOAD DISPLACEMENT, 19
LOAD-DEFLECTION, 32
LOADBEARING, 4
LOADING, 4 9
LOW PROFILE ADDITIVE, 42
LOW VELOCITY, 29
LOW VISCOSITY, 26
LUBRICANT, 42
MACHINE, 1 12 30 39 40
MACHINERY, 1 12 30 39 40
MALEIC ANHYDRIDE, 8
MALEIC ANHYDRIDE
COPOLYMER, 35
MANIFOLD, 38
MANUFACTURE, 19 20
MANUFACTURING, 30
MARKET, 17
MARKET SHARE, 36 44
MASTERBATCH, 4 42
MATERIAL, 4
MATERIAL REPLACEMENT,
4 9 15
MATERIALS SELECTION, 11
19 32
MATERIALS SUBSTITUTION,
4 9 15
MATHEMATICAL MODEL, 10
MATRIX, 19 20
MEASUREMENT, 5 16 25
MECHANICAL PART, 27
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES,
1 2 3 4 5 7 8 10 11 16 18 19
20 21 22 24 28 29 30 31 32
34 35 36 37 38 40 41 43
MECHANICAL STRENGTH,
21 29
MECHANISM, 16
MEDICAL APPLICATION, 34
MELT, 4 30
MELT FLOW, 4
MELTS, 4 30
METAL, 9 11
METAL DEPOSITION, 38 41
METAL INSERT, 26
METAL REPLACEMENT, 11
27 36 38 41 44
METERING, 26
MICROGRAPHY, 23
MICROSCOPY, 24 28
MICROSPHERE, 6
MICROSTRUCTURE, 3 28 31
35
MILITARY APPLICATION, 19
MIXING, 25 26 40
MIXING HEAD, 26
MODEL, 7 31
MODIFIER, 42
MODULI, 24
MODULUS, 24
MOISTURE ABSORPTION, 15
MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES,
16
MORPHOLOGY, 16 28
MOULD, 33 39 40
MOULD MAKING, 39
MOULD PRESSURE, 6
MOULD SIZE, 39
MOULD TEMPERATURE, 26
MOULDING, 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 19 20 21 22 23 26 28 29 30 31
32 33 34 36 37 38 43
MOULDING COMPOUND, 33 42
MOULDING PRESSURE, 26
MOULDMAKING, 39
MULTI-CAVITY MOULD, 39
MULTI-CHANNEL, 12
MULTI-LAYER, 14
MULTILAYER, 14
NANOCRYSTALLINE, 38 41
NANOFIBRE, 42
NANOFILLER, 42
NANOINDENTATION, 28
NANONOZZLE, 39
NANOTUBE, 42
NATURAL FIBRE, 30
NATURAL FIBRE-REINFORCED
PLASTIC, 1 18 33 42
NATURAL POLYMER, 30
NOISE REDUCTION, 15
NOZZLE, 39
NYLON, 1 3 11 18 27 32 34 36
NYLON 1010, 29
NYLON 46, 29
NYLON 6,3T, 29
NYLON 6,6, 29
NYLON 66, 29
NYLON-11, 1 3 11 18 27 32 34 36
NYLON-12, 1 3 11 18 27 32 34 36
NYLON-12T, 1 3 11 18 27 32 34 36
NYLON-4,6, 1 3 11 18 27 32 34 36
NYLON-6, 8 21
NYLON-6,6, 29
NYLON-6-6, 1 38
OLEFIN POLYMER, 1 2 4 7 17 18
31
ONE-STEP, 14
OPEN MOULD, 40
OPTICAL MICROSCOPY, 28
OPTIMISATION, 22 24 25
ORIENTATION, 23
ORIENTATION DISTRIBUTION,
10 31
OUTPUT, 39 42
OVERMOULDING, 26 38 41
PAINTING, 33 40
16
Subject Index
PARTICLE SIZE, 38
PARTNERSHIP, 30
PARTS CONSOLIDATION, 43
PBTP, 33
PE, 17 20 34 42
PEEK, 9
PEI, 9
PELLET, 1 3 4 8 9 36 42
PELLETISING, 1
PERFORMANCE, 16 19
PET, 1 25
PETP, 1 25
PHOTOGRAPHY, 23
PIGMENT, 42
PIPE, 12
PLANT, 4
PLANT CONSTRUCTION, 9 27
PLANT LOCATION, 4 40
PLANT START-UP, 27
PLAQUE, 10
PLASTICITY, 7
PLASTICS INDUSTRY, 17
PLATE, 4
POLY-EPSILONCAPROLACTAM, 8 21
POLYACETAL, 36 38
POLYALKENE, 1 2 4 7 17 18
31
POLYAMIDE, 1 3 11 18 27 32
34 36
POLYAMIDE 12, 1 3 11 18 27
32 34 36
POLYAMIDE 548, 1 38
POLYAMIDE 6, 8 21
POLYAMIDE 66, 1 38
POLYAMIDE-11, 1 3 11 18 27
32 34 36
POLYAMIDE-12, 1 3 11 18 27
32 34 36
POLYAMIDE-12T, 1 3 11 18 27
32 34 36
POLYAMIDE-4,6, 1 3 11 18 27
32 34 36
POLYAMIDE-46, 1 3 11 18 27
32 34 36
POLYAMIDE-6, 8 21
POLYAMIDE-6,6, 1 38
POLYAMIDE-66, 1 38
POLYARYLAMIDE, 3 19
POLYBENZOXAZINE, 24
POLYBUTYLENE
TEREPHTHALATE, 33
POLYCAPROAMIDE, 8 21
POLYCAPROLACTAM, 8 21
POLYCARBONATE, 9 15 33 39
POLYDICYCLOPENTADIENE,
33
POLYEPOXIDE, 33
ã2009 Smithers Rapra Technology Ltd.
POLYETHER SULPHONE, 9
POLYETHERETHERKETONE, 9
POLYETHERETHERKETONE,
9
POLYETHERIMIDE, 9
POLYETHERSULPHONE, 9
POLYETHYLENE, 17 20 34 42
POLYETHYLENE
TEREPHTHALATE, 1 25
POLYLACTIC ACID, 30
POLYLAUROLACTAM, 1 3 11
18 27 32 34 36
POLYLAURYLLACTAM, 1 3
11 18 27 32 34 36
POLYOLEFIN, 1 2 4 7 17 18 31
POLYPHENYLENE
SULPHIDE, 9 19
POLYPROPENE, 1 2 4 7 8 9 10
16 17 22 23 25 28 30 31 33
34 35 36 37 43
POLYPROPYLENE, 1 2 4 7 8 9
10 16 17 22 23 25 28 30 31
33 34 35 36 37 43
POLYTETRAMETHYLENE
ADIPAMIDE, 1 3 11 18 27
32 34 36
POLYURETHANE, 15 26 32 40
POLYVINYL, 18
POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, 18
POLYVINYL ESTER, 11 18
POLYVINYLIDENE
CHLORIDE, 18
POLYVINYLIDENE
FLUORIDE, 34
POWDER, 20
PP, 1 2 4 7 8 9 10 16 17 22 23 25
28 30 31 33 34 35 36 37 43
PPS, 9 19
PREDICTION, 7 29 31
PREFORM, 20
PREPREG, 33 42
PRESS, 4 30
PRESSURE, 23
PRESSURE RESISTANCE, 39
PROBABILITY, 10 31
PROCESS, 1 3 4 7 11 14 18 22
25 27 30 31 40
PROCESSING, 1 3 4 7 11 14 18
22 25 27 30 31 40
PROCESSING CONDITIONS, 8
25
PROCESSOR, 4 40
PRODUCT
ANNOUNCEMENT, 4 9 12
14 39 40
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT,
38
PRODUCTION, 14 40
PRODUCTION CAPACITY, 9 27
PRODUCTION COST, 11 33
PRODUCTION LINE, 4
PROFILE, 4 8 12 32
PROJECTOR, 8
PROPENE COPOLYMER, 35
PROPENE POLYMER, 8 23 25 28
34 35
PROPERTIES, 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11
14 16 18 19 20 21 22 24 28 29 30
31 32 34 35 36 37 38 40 41 43
PROPYLENE COPOLYMER, 35
PROPYLENE POLYMER, 8 23 25
28 34 35
PU, 15 26 32 40
PULL-OUT, 29
PULSE RESPONSE, 25
PULTRUSION, 15 18 22 27
PVC, 18
PVDC, 18
PVDF, 34
QUALITY, 40
RACKET, 32
RAIL CAR, 15
RAILWAY APPLICATION, 15
REACTION INJECTION
MOULDING, 26 33
REACTION MOULDING, 26 33
RECLAIMING, 33 37
RECOVERY, 33 37
RECYCLABILITY, 37
RECYCLED CONTENT, 33 39
RECYCLING, 33 37
REINFORCED RUBBER, 18
REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC,
1 2 3 5 6 7 10 12 13 17 18 19 20
21 22 27 31 36 37 42 43 44
REINFORCEMENT, 4 9
RESEARCH, 5 30
RESIDENCE TIME
DISTRIBUTION, 25
RESIDUAL STRESS, 5
RESIDUAL STRESSES, 5
RESIN, 4 9 30
RESIN TRANSFER MOULDING, 6
20 33
REVIEW, 5 18 34
RIBBED, 22
RIGIDITY, 3 14 22
ROOF, 6 39
ROUGHNESS, 16
ROVING, 1
RUBBER, 18
RULE OF MIXTURES, 29
SALE, 33 44
SALES, 33 44
SATURATED POLYESTER, 1
17
Subject Index
SCANNING ELECTRON
MICROGRAPH, 16 28 29 35
SCANNING ELECTRON
MICROSCOPY, 16 28 29 35
SCATTERING, 18
SCRATCH RESISTANCE, 42
SCREW SPEED, 8 25
SEAT, 13
SEM, 16 28 29 35
SENSITIVITY, 31
SERVICE LIFE, 15
SHAPE, 4
SHEAR, 24
SHEAR FLOW, 12
SHEAR FRACTURE, 29
SHEAR PROPERTIES, 29
SHEET, 12 15 30 43
SHEET MOULDING
COMPOUND, 6 11 33 42
SHELL, 3
SHORT FIBRE, 5 16 18 24 32
33
SHORT ITEM, 4 9 30 40 44
SHRINKAGE, 23
SHUT-OFF, 39
SIMULATION, 23
SINGLE SCREW EXTRUDER,
1 25
SINGLE-SCREW EXTRUDER,
1 25
SIZE, 4 8 30
SLEEPER, 15
SLIDING, 16
SMC, 6 11 33 42
SOFTWARE, 33
SPECIFIC GRAVITY, 6
SPECIFICATION, 4
SPECTROSCOPY, 28
SPHERE, 6 25
SPOILER, 6
SPORTS EQUIPMENT, 38 41
SPORTS GOODS, 38 41
SPRAYING, 40
STABILISER, 42
STANDARD, 4 37
STATIC, 22
STATISTICS, 4 17 36 37 43 44
STEEL, 4 11
STIFFNESS, 3 4 19 31 32 38 41
STITCHING, 13
STONE, 15
STORAGE MODULUS, 18
STRAIN, 32
STRENGTH, 3 4 24 32 34 38 40
41
STRESS, 1 5 20 22
STRESS-STRAIN
PROPERTIES, 5 7 20 22 24
ã2009 Smithers Rapra Technology Ltd.
STRESSES, 5 20 22
STRUCTURAL PART, 36 37 43
STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES,
14
SUBSIDY, 30
SUPPLIER, 9
SURFACE, 14 28 40
SURFACE FINISH, 33
SURFACE MORPHOLOGY, 28
SURFACE PROPERTIES, 28
SURFACE TREATMENT, 40 41
SURGICAL APPLICATION, 34
SURGICAL GOWN, 34
SWIMMING POOL, 33
SYNTHETIC FIBREREINFORCED PLASTIC, 1
18
SYRINGE, 39
TAILGATE, 14
TAN DELTA, 18
TAPE WINDING, 9 18
TARGET, 9
TEM, 16 28 29 35
TEMPERATURE, 9 23
TEMPERATURE RANGE, 38
TENNIS RACQUET, 32
TENSILE MODULUS, 21 24
TENSILE PROPERTIES, 8 11
21 24 36 38
TENSILE STRENGTH, 21 36 38
TENSOR, 10
TEST, 10 11 16 19 20 22
TEST METHOD, 9 32
TESTING, 9 32
TG, 18
TGA, 18
THEORY, 7 10 19 31
THERMAL GRAVIMETRIC
ANALYSIS, 18
THERMAL PROPERTIES, 11
18
THERMAL RESISTANCE, 9
THERMAL TRANSITION, 11
THERMOFORMING, 40
THERMOGRAVIMETRIC
ANALYSIS, 18
THERMOSET, 6 11 15 18 26 30
32 33 40 42
THICKENING AGENT, 42
THICKNESS, 22 38
THIN-WALL, 37
THIN-WALLED, 3
THROUGHPUT, 36
TIME DEPENDENCE, 28
TOMOGRAPHY, 23
TOOLING, 33
TOUGHNESS, 21 32
TRACER, 25
TRACTOR, 33 40
TRANSFER MOULDING, 6 20 33
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON
MICROSCOPY, 16 28 29 35
TRANSPORT APPLICATION, 23
TRANSPORTATION, 4
TRANSVERSE, 2
TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES, 16
TRIBOLOGY, 16
TS, 24
TURBINE BLADE, 33
TURNOVER, 33
TWIN-SCREW, 30
TWIN-SCREW EXTRUDER, 1
TWISTING, 5
TWO-COLOUR, 39
TWO-COMPONENT, 26
TWO-LAYER, 14
TWO-PART, 26
ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION,
28
UNIDIRECTIONAL, 14 22 37
UV IRRADIATION, 28
UV RESISTANCE, 33
UV RESISTANT, 33
UV STABILISER, 42
VACUUM-ASSISTED TRANSFER
MOULDING, 20
VALVE, 39
VEHICLE BONNET, 33
VEHICLE CHASSIS, 6
VEHICLE DOOR, 36
VEHICLE FRONT END, 6 36 44
VEHICLE ROOF, 6 39
VEHICLE SEAT, 13
VEHICLE SPOILER, 6
VEHICLE UNDERBODY, 11 44
VIBRATION DAMPING, 32
VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY,
28
VINYL ESTER POLYMER, 11
VINYL ESTER RESIN, 18
VINYL POLYMER, 18
VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE
POLYMER, 34
VISCOSITY MODIFIER, 42
VOID CONTENT, 24
VOLUME, 4 40
VOLUME FRACTION, 20 21 35
WALL THICKNESS, 26
WARPAGE, 23
WAVINESS, 5
WEAR, 16
WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION, 31
WEIGHT, 4
WEIGHT CHANGE, 6 11 33 37 43
WEIGHT FRACTION, 19
WEIGHT LOSS, 6 11 33 37 43
18
Subject Index
WEIGHT REDUCTION, 6 11 33
37 43
WOOD FIBRE-REINFORCED
PLASTIC, 42
WOVEN, 18
WRINKLE, 5
X-RAY DIFFRACTION, 18
X-RAY SCATTERING, 18
X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY, 23
YIELD STRESS, 1
YOUNG'S MODULUS, 1 20 28
29 32
ZIP FASTENER, 38
ã2009 Smithers Rapra Technology Ltd.
19
Name Index
Name Index (including Trade Names)
199 X 118012, 4
ABAQUS, 10
ADVANI S G, 20
AGY, 21
ALABAMA,UNIVERSITY, 19 22 23
ALABAMA,UNIVERSITY AT BIRMINGHAM, 2
3 28 29
ANDREWS J B, 3
BABINSKY R, 17
BALAJI THATTAIPARTHASARATHY K, 23
BANKS E, 11
BAPANAPALLI S K, 7 10 31
BAYBLEND, 15
BAYDUR 60, 15
BAYER MATERIALSCIENCE, 15
BAYFLEX, 15
BERGER L, 11
BHATNAGAR N, 8 35
BOEHM R, 13
BROSIUS D, 6
CHAWLA K K, 2 28 29
CHERIF C, 13
DAI G C, 25
DAS C K, 18
DAS T, 18
DAYKIN S, 38
DEAN D R, 28
DEFOSSE M, 39
DELAWARE,UNIVERSITY, 20
DINACHALI S S, 5
DRESDEN,TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAT, 13
DUPONT ENGINEERING POLYMERS, 41
DUPONT EUROPE, 38
DURFLEX, 15
EAST CHINA,UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY, 25
EBERHARDT A W, 29
EMS-CHEMIE, 27
ESORO AG, 14
EXTRUDER EXPERTS SYSTEMS, 1
FIBERSCAN, 23
FINAN J, 21
FRAME B J, 10 31
FRANZKE G, 13
FRAUNHOFER-INSTITUT FUER CHEMISCHE
TECHNOLOGIE, 30
GASTROCK F, 17
GENERAL MOTORS, 11
GHOSH A K, 8 35
GOEL A, 2 28
GOLDSBERRY C, 39
HAIBIN NING, 3 19
HARITA SEATING SYSTEMS LTD., 40
HOLBERY J D, 31
ã2009 Smithers Rapra Technology Ltd.
HUFENBACH W, 13
HUFNAGL E, 13
ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY AT URBANACHAMPAIGN, 10
ILLINOIS,UNIVERSITY, 7 31
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, 8 16 18 35
IRAN,UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY, 5
JAGGI D, 14
JIN WANG, 10
JONG-EUN KIM, 19
JUNG L, 26
KOOPMAN M, 28
KOOPMAN M C, 29
KRANJC M, 21
KRAUSS-MAFFEI GMBH, 26
KRAUSS-MAFFEI KUNSTSTOFFTECHNIK GMBH,
40
KULKARNI R R, 29
KUMAR K S, 8
KUMAR K S S, 24
KUNC V, 7 10 31
KUPFER R, 13
LITTLEFIELD D, 19
LYDON M, 34
MAEDEFESSEL-HERRMANN K, 27
MANCINELLI J, 21
MANISCALCO M, 36
METAFUSE, 38 41
MISHRA M K, 18
MOLDFLOW, 10
MOLDFLOW ITHACA, 10
MUKHERJEE M, 18
MURRAY D, 21
NAIR C P R, 24
NEXXUS CHANNEL-F, 12
NEXXUS-F, 1
NGUYEN B N, 7 10 31
NINAN K N, 24
NING H, 23
NORRIS R E, 10
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY, 7 10 31
ORIENT, 10
PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL
LABORATORY, 7 10 31
PATEL V, 8
PENNSYLVANIA,STATE UNIVERSITY, 2
PHELPS J H, 7 10 31
PILLAY S, 3 19 23
PLASTICOMP, 21
PLASTICOMP LLC, 9
POLYWHEELS MANUFACTURING LTD., 11
QINETIQ, 32
RCT SRL, 12
20
Name Index
REN P, 25
RENKL J, 26
ROBERTSON C, 41
ROSENHEIM F.H., 43
ROSENHEIM,FACHHOCHSCHULE, 37
ROSENOW M, 21
RTP CO., 4
RUEGG A, 14
SABIC INNOVATIVE PLASTICS, 9
SANDS J, 19
SCHEMME M, 37 43
SENTHIL KUMAR K, 35
SENTHILVELAN S, 16
SHOKRIEH M M, 5
SINGH R, 32
SKINFORM, 26
SMITH M T, 10 31
SNYDER M R, 42
STAMAX, 9
STEGGALL C, 20
STOTZNER N, 14
SUBRAMANIAN C, 16
THATTAIPARTHASARTHY K B, 22
TOWNSEND POLYMER SERVICES AND
INFORMATION, 17 44
TUCKER C L, 7 10 31
TYAGI A, 8
US,ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY, 19
USCAR, 11
VAIDYA U, 3 19
VAIDYA U K, 2 22 23 28 29
VIKRAM SARABHAI SPACE CENTRE, 24
VINK D, 33
WALSH S, 19
WEBER AUTOMOTIVE GMBH, 14
WLOSINSKI R, 11
WOLLAN E, 21
XIAOSHI JIN, 10
YAGCI Y, 18
YARLAGADDA S, 20
ZENTRON, 21
ZHUANG H, 25
ZIEGLER S, 14
ZIMMERMAN D, 1
ZONG Y, 25
ZYTEL, 41
ZYTEL HTN, 38
ã2009 Smithers Rapra Technology Ltd.
21
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always £11. Deposit accounts are valid for 12 months.
Document Delivery Prices 2009
For customers who do not have a deposit account, all documents are £11 each + copyright fee
(+VAT in the UK), except pdf files which are priced individually (at publisher’s discretion) and
patents which are always £13. These are payable by credit card only. (Prices are per copy,
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For more information or to place an order please contact the Document Delivery Department:
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Shropshire
SY4 4NR
UK
Tel: +44 (0) 1939 252456
Fax: +44 (0) 1939 251118
E-mail: documents@rapra.net
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Published Searches
Given below is a complete list of Published Searches available from the Polymer Library:
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Market Data on Tyres (Non-scrap)
Air Pollution
Liquid Silicone Elastomers
Polymers in Fuel Cells
Recycling of Scrap Tyres
PVC in Medical Applications
Nanocomposites
Rapid Prototyping
Fast Mould Making
Thin Wall Injection Moulding
Powder Injection Moulding
Polymer Polyols
Medical Applications of Thermoplastic Elastomers
Latex Allergies
Market Data on Scrap Tyres
Electrical Cables
Cable Applications of Thermoplastic Elastomers
Market Data on Scrap Tyres
Automotive Applications of Nylon/Polyamide
Under-the-bonnet Applications
Repairing of Composites
Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Emissions
Legislation on Emissions
Legislation on Plastics Waste
Adhesives and Sealants for Engineering Applications
Adhesives and Sealants for Aerospace Applications
Adhesives and Sealants for Electronic Applications
Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tapes
Tackifiers
Bonding of Wood
Flexible Polyurethane Foams
Mechanical Properties of Adhesive Joints
Nitrosamines in the Rubber Industry
Polyurethane Foams used in Automotive Applications
Automotive Applications of Polyurethane Elastomers
Properties of Polyurethane Coatings
Testing of Polyurethane Elastomers
Catalysts used in the Polyurethane Industry
CFC-Free Blowing Agents for Polyurethanes
Toxicity Issues in the Polyurethane Industry
Reinforced Reaction Injection Moulding of Polyurethane
Reaction Injection Moulding of Polyurethane
Structural Polyurethane Foams
Cast Polyurethane Elastomers
Polyurethane Insulation
Polyurethane Adhesives
Polyurethanes used in Sport and Recreational Applications
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Textile Applications of Polyurethanes
Polyurethanes used in Packaging
Medical & Surgical Applications of Polyurethanes
Polyurethanes used in Furniture
Polyurethanes used in Footwear
Electrical Applications of Polyurethanes
Construction Applications of Polyurethanes
Health and Safety Issues relating to Isocyanates
Disposal of Polyurethanes
Recycling of Polyurethanes
Market Data on Polypropylene
Market Data on PVC
Liquid Crystal Polymers in Electronic Applications
Flame Retardants
Agricultural and Horticultural Applications of Plastics
Thermoplastic Elastomers in Automotive Applications
Mineral Fillers
Manufacturers of Injection Moulding Machinery
Food Packaging Legislation
Biodegradable Polymers for Medical Applications (see also PS19)
Starch-based Degradable Polymers (see also PS19)
Composites in the Railway Industry
Electron Beam Irradiation
Pressure Sensitive Acrylics
Miscibility of PVC Blends
Epoxy Resins in Aerospace Applications
Pumps
Market Data on the use of Polymers in Automotive Applications
Market Data for Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
Market Data for Composites
Market Data for Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETP)
Market Data for Polyamides
Plasticisers
Granulators (Machinery)
Microcellular Polymers
Machining of Reinforced Plastics
Impact Modifiers
Sheet Moulding Compounds
Optical Fibres
Vacuum Bag Moulding
Gas Injection Moulding
Microwave Vulcanisation
Long Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastics
Structural Reaction Injection Moulding
Hoses for Automotive Applications
Blister Packaging
Tamper Evident Packaging
Structural Foam Moulding
UV Curable Adhesives
Sports Equipment
Sports Surfacing
Car Bumpers
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Blends with PMMA
Blends with Polyethylene
Blends with ABS
Toxicity of Reinforcing Agents and Fillers (excl. Asbestos)
Toxicity of Curing Agents and Accelerators
Toxicity of Flame Retardants, Stabilisers and Antioxidants
Toxicity of Plasticisers
Toxicity of Solvents
Acetal Copolymers
Recycling of Plastics (Packaging)
Recycling of Plastics (Non-Packaging)
Extrusion Blow Moulding
Environmental Stress Cracking (Crazing) of Plastics
Urea Formaldehyde in Building Materials
Elastomeric Foam
Hybrid Composites
Computer Integrated Manufacturing and Computer Aided Manufacturing
(CIM/CAM) for the Polymer Industries
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding Polymers
Flash Removal (Machinery, Methods, Automation, etc.)
O-rings (Properties, Testing, Design, Materials, etc.)
Resin Transfer Moulding (Resin Injection Moulding)
Statistical Process Control (SPC) for the Polymer Industries
V-belts
SPIRO Polymers
Polyphenylene Sulphide (PPS)
Phenolic Foam
Extruder Dies
Antistatic Agents
Mould Fouling and Mould Cleaning
Rotational Moulding (Processes and Equipment)
Mould Cooling
uPVC (Rigid PVC)
Extrusion of PVC (Processes and Equipment)
Shrink Packaging
Piezoelectric Properties of Polymers
Coupling Agents
Non-Destructive Testing
Polymer Concrete
Polymers in Dental Applications
Graphite Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composites
Ion Exchange Resins
Ultrasonic Welding of Polymers
Biodegradable Polymers (excl. starch-based materials and medical applications
(see also PS92 and PS93)
Plastic Pipes and Fittings for Drinking Water
Continuous Vulcanisation
Blends with EPDM
Plastic Lenses (including Contact Lenses)
Twin Screw Extruders - Extrusion
Barrier Packaging in Food Applications
Polymers for Controlled Release Systems
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Filament Winding for Composites
PVC Plastisols
Chlorosulphonated Polyethylene
Water Vapour Permeability of Polymers
Mould Release Agents for Plastics and Rubber
Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene
Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles
Flame Retardant Polymeric Foams (excl. Polyurethane)
Flame Retardant Polyurethane Foams
Asbestos Substitutes
Blowing Agents for Polymeric Foam
Price per publication . . . . . . . . . . . . . £99
To order a Published Search please contact:
The Polymer Library Team
iSmithers Rapra
Shawbury
Shrewsbury
Shropshire
SY4 4NR
UK
Tel: (01939)252400
Fax:(01939)251118
E-mail: polymerlibrary@rapra.net
27
Request Form for a Customised Search
Customised literature searches on specific areas of interest can be produced from the Polymer
Library database. Such a literature search consists of a list of references relevant to the topic and
include a short abstract. Full copies of the most relevant articles can subsequently be ordered
from us. The 2009 price for a literature search based on the Polymer Library is £250 plus VAT.
1. Please describe your interest in detail.
2. If you are already aware of any relevant articles, please quote title, author, journal name and date.
3. How far back in time would you like us to search? (Our database starts from 1972)
4. Would you like non-English language references included? . . . . . . . . . . YES/NO
5. Would you like commercial information included? . . . . . . . . . . . . . YES/NO
6. Would you like the results of your search limited to the 100 most recent references,
assuming that there are that many references for your query? (an additional charge of
60 pence for each reference in excess of 100 will be made) . . . . . . . . . . YES/NO
7. Would you like suggestions and quotations for searches in other databases in addition
to the our own database? (e.g. Chemical Abstracts, World Patents Index etc.). . . YES/NO
Name:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Signature: . . .
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Title: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Company: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Address: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Telephone: . . . . . . . . . . . . E-mail:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Please return to:
Polymer Library, iSmithers, Shawbury, Shrewsbury, Shropshire SY4 4NR, UK
Telephone: (01939)252400
Fax:(01939)251118
e-mail: polymerlibrary@rapra.net
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