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A fresh start
Read, listen and talk about personality and changes.
Practise present and past tenses; opposites.
Focus on agreeing and disagreeing.
Write a description of a person.
GRAMMAR AND LISTENING
CD1.2
Listen again and answer these questions.
Appearance: sporty, cute, untidy, slim, plain,
sloppy, well-groomed, fit
Clothes: professional, casual, smart, trendy,
scruffy, unfashionable, elegant, sophisticated
Personality: good-natured, serious, ambitious,
fun-loving, self-conscious, reserved, outgoing,
nice, a bit lost, full of himself
Conversation 2
5 How has Colin changed in the way he looks
and the way he feels?
6 What has he been doing to keep fit?
7 What does he do for a living now?
8 What was he doing when he found out
about the job?
Listen to three conversations. Did they happen
before or after Colin changed his image? How can
you tell?
Conversation 3
9 How many jobs has Colin had before?
10 Has Colin prepared well for the interview?
How do you know?
11 What does Colin do in his free time?
12 How long has Colin had his motorbike?
N
U
PL
E
CD1.2
IT
1 In what ways has he changed in the last year?
Use the adjectives in the box below.
2 Why do you think he changed his image?
Conversation 1
1 How is Colin feeling? Why?
2 How long has Colin been looking for a job?
3 What had Colin done to prepare for the job
interview last month?
4 Why didn’t Colin get the job?
1 In pairs, look at the photos of Colin and answer the
questions.
2
3
BEFORE
SA
M
dream makeovers
AFTER
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A fresh start
4 In pairs, discuss these questions.
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1 Robert says ‘I think I know where you’ve
been going wrong.’ Where has Colin been
going wrong?
2 Sue asks Colin if he misses the old Colin. Do you
think he does? Would you miss ‘the old you’?
3 The interviewer says ‘How interesting!’ What
is she suggesting? Why?
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5 Find examples of the following tenses and meanings
in the questions in Exercise 3.
IT
Present Continuous
temporary situations/actions in progress now or
around now
N
9 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs
in brackets.
SA
M
Present Perfect Continuous
1 actions in progress over a period of time up to now
2 processes in the past with important results now
Past Perfect
the earlier of two past actions
➤ Check it out page 129
6 Match the beginnings 1– 8 with the endings a– h to
make sentences. Explain your decisions.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
I’ve been trying to get a job
I tried to get a job
I’ve tried to get a job
I was trying to get a job
He didn’t recognise her because
She couldn’t get a job so
Every six months
She looks much better now
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
when I decided to start my own business.
but I think it’s time to give up.
for about six months now.
but I gave up after six months.
she changed her image.
she’s changed her image.
she changes her image.
she’d changed her image.

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
About a year ago, a TV company 1_________
(look) for people to appear on a show called
Total Makeover, and my sister 2_________
(write) to suggest I take part. And stupidly,
I 3_________ (agree) to do it.
U
PL
E
Present Perfect Simple
1 states that began in the past and continue up to now
2 actions completed at an unspecified time up to now,
with important results now
3 experiences during an unfinished period of time
(e.g. during my life)
Complete the sentences from the conversation
with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Then
listen again and check.
CD1.3
1 So you _________ (have) a good look at him
then!
2 How _________ (you/know)? _________
(you/speak) to him?
3 Well, he _________ (have) problems with the
photocopier yesterday, so I _________ (show)
him how it worked and …
4 Yes, I _________ (see) him with a gym bag.
I expect he _________ (work out) on the
way home.
Present Simple
1 states How do you know?
2 routines and habits
3 permanent situations and facts
Past Continuous
actions in progress at a specific time in the past or
when something else happened
Listen and answer the questions.
1 Who are the people and what is their
relationship to Colin?
2 Who is more positive and who is more
negative? How do they describe Colin?
3 Whose opinion do you agree with more?
Why?
Work it out
Past Simple
actions completed at a specific time in the past
CD1.3
I remember at one point I felt like a princess:
one person 4_________ (cut) my hair and
another 5_________ (paint) my nails. I couldn’t
see what they 6_________ (do) – that’s part of
the programme, to make it a surprise.
Anyway, in the end it was time to see what
they 7_________ (do) to me. The presenter
8
_________ (turn) round the mirror and
I nearly 9_________ (scream). They
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_________ (cut) off almost all my hair.
I 11_________ (have) to smile and pretend
to be happy, but inside I 12_________ (cry).
Now I 13_________ (try) to grow my hair long
again. It 14_________ (grow) back a bit, but I
still 15_________ (wear) a hat most of the time.
10 In groups, discuss the questions.
1 Do you think Colin did the right thing? Why?
2 Why do people have makeovers?
3 Would you ever change your image? If so,
why?
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2
Look at the names of the ten Flame Warriors.
Which adjectives might describe each one?
Explain your choices. Then read the article and
choose the best adjective for each character.
CD1.4
7 Look at these phrases from the text. In pairs, discuss
the image created by the phrases in the context of
online discussions.
… they put their heads down ...
… snappy replies …
… someone … will take the bait
… disrupt the delicate ecology …
… stumbling their way into discussion forums
annoying chatty even-handed
frustrating harmless nasty disruptive
rambling unsteady critical
1 Which of the adjectives from Exercise 2
describe your online personality?
2 Which Flame Warrior is most like you? Why?
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CD1.5 Listen to an expert on online personalities.
Which Flame Warrior(s) would benefit from Alice’s
advice? Why?
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CD1.5 Listen again. Are the statements true (T) or
false (F)?
1 When we are online, we can be more
honest than when we are offline.
2 Alice thinks flaming is acceptable.
3 Flaming can make us feel stressed.
4 Alice was a regular contributor to the
Psychology forum.
5 Alice sent an angry reply to the man
on the forum.
6 Alice’s Internet problems actually helped
her to avoid a bigger problem.
7 You should never write a message to a
forum when you’re angry.
8 Jokes are dangerous in online discussions.
PL
E
1 Who attacks other people’s characters
rather than their arguments?
2 Who doesn’t know what to do?
3 Who doesn’t take the time to understand
the argument?
4 Who expects others to entertain them?
5 Who is invisible most of the time?
6 Who just wants others to reply to them?
7 Who never writes long responses?
8 Who prefers the social side of online
discussions?
9 Who tries to be fair but is often unwelcome
in disputes?
10 Who uses humour to spoil discussions?
8 In pairs, discuss these questions.
U
3 Read the article again and match the questions 1–10
to the correct warriors.
IT
1 In pairs, look at the pictures of Flame Warriors.
What do you think they represent? Then read the
introduction to check.
6 Metaphors and images Underline all the words
and phrases in the article connected with fire and
war. Why do you think the writer has used so many
powerful images?
N
READING AND LISTENING
4 Vocabulary Match the underlined words in the article
with the definitions 1– 6. What is the connection
between the words?
SA
M
1 the culture that comes from the Internet
2 online etiquette – rules for how to behave
3 to get involved in a discussion after lurking
for some time
4 ‘citizens’ of the online community
5 to read the messages on an online forum but
never write anything
6 a list of frequently asked questions on a
website
5 Collocations Find nouns in the article that collocate
with these adjectives and verbs. Then make more
collocations with the words from the box.
1 bare
2 rambling
3 in-depth
4 disrupt
5 irrelevant
6 avoid
7 lengthy
8 reveal
9 unexpected
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11 Alice uses the following metaphors. What does
she mean?
1 hold your tongue
2 fall into a trap
3 get something off your chest
12 Choose another one of the Flame Warriors. In pairs,
write some ‘golden rules’ for your Flame Warrior.
Read your advice to another pair. Can you guess
which warrior their advice is for?
analysis comments feet a meeting
offending someone process reply
a secret visitor
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Flame Warriors – contemporary netiquette
Some years ago, a calm and quiet discussion forum that I belonged to
erupted into a burning flame war. While the forum burnt, I amused
myself by drawing caricatures of the main participants. Over the years,
the list of online fighters has grown into the Flame Warriors –
the different personalities we become when we go online.
Evil Clowns are very quick with a
joke, but their jokes always have a
nasty side. They are impatient of
in-depth discussions and will often
disrupt exchanges between serious
forum participants by introducing
irrelevant topics or silly jokes and
comments. Their greatest thrill is
to make fun of weaker Warriors
with their snappy replies. Evil
Clowns will attempt to avoid
defeat by accusing their attacker of
having no sense of humour.
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30
75
80
85
IT
45
Unsteady in their knowledge of
computers and cyberculture,
Newbies explore the Internet,
stumbling their way into discussion
forums. They rarely read the FAQs
and are clueless about the basics of
netiquette. In battle, the Newbie’s
usual tactic is to pretend to be
helpless. Most Warriors will either
ignore Newbies or treat them with
mild pity, but a few, such as Evil
Clown, take special pleasure in
torturing them.
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U
10
Bores only get involved in order
to criticise other Warriors for not
being interesting enough – without,
of course, ever contributing
anything of interest themselves.
When under pressure in battle they
will announce their intention of
moving on to a more stimulating
forum, but instead they will
generally lurk quietly until the
threat passes.
PL
E
15
40
Trollers are looking for a
response … ANY response, and
they will fill the forum with
complaints, insults and
compliments hoping that someone
… ANYONE, will take the bait.
They can disrupt the delicate
ecology of a discussion forum.
N
5
SA
Diplomats get involved in hot
disputes, presuming that the
combatants will welcome and
appreciate their even-handed and
reasonable mediation. They try to
be a force for good, helping to bring
everyone together, but they usually
only manage to turn all the other
netizens against them. Frankly,
they get what they deserve.
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50
M
Furious Typers’ combat strategy
is to drown their enemies in a sea
of angry words. They have no
understanding of subtlety and
ignore everything except the bare
essentials of any argument. After a
brief look at their opponent’s
arguments they put their heads
down and rapidly fire off long
rambling messages full of
grammatical and factual errors.
For Coffee Mornings the
discussion forum is a social
gathering. Coffee Mornings prefer
a friendly, chatty environment and
almost always limit their
participation to non-technical
forums. Coffee Mornings prepare
the battlefield by filling it with
pleasant but empty messages –
their favourite phrase is ‘thanks
for sharing’.
by Mike Reed
Therapists can be highly annoying
and therefore very effective
Warriors. Instead of making a
frontal attack, Therapists attempt to
move the focus of the conflict to the
fighters’ psychological motivations
and problems. They will freely
speculate about other Warriors’
insecurities, personalities and
relationships, but they will almost
never directly deal with the subject
of the dispute.
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60
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Grunters always respond to
discussion forum messages with a
single word or a short phrase.
Other Warriors find Grunters
particularly frustrating because they
will answer their lengthy arguments
with a simple ‘Yeah!’, ‘Get a life’,
‘Whatever’, ‘I agree’, ‘Wrong’, etc.
Grunters are difficult to engage in
direct battle, and the only indication
that they have been defeated in
battle is when they go silent.
Lurkers do not participate in
normal forum discussions, but
they’re out there … watching,
reading every message. They’re
usually quite harmless. If a fight
breaks out they will quietly observe
to avoid revealing their position.
Occasionally, however, some
mysterious impulse drives them to
de-lurk and attack. This totally
unexpected assault is universally
seen as an ambush, and other
Warriors will attack them. Lurkers
rarely stay around to fight, however,
and after a brief exchange, they
once again disappear.
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SPEAKING AND LISTENING
4
1 In pairs, look at the photos. Which image suits Julia
best? Why? Use words from the box or any other
words you remember.
1 A That was one of the worst films I’ve ever seen.
B _________ me! It was awful, wasn’t it?
2 A I don’t understand why they need to spend
an hour doing their hair.
B _________ I. We’re just going to the shops!
3 A I know I’ll have my phone with me, but
what if I drop it and it breaks?
B That’s a _________ . I hadn’t thought of
that. I’ll take mine too.
4 A You spend more time with your new friends
than with us!
B So? _________ Maybe I like them better.
5 A Alan says parachuting is completely safe as
long as you know what you’re doing.
B Maybe, but I’m not _________ . I don’t think
I’ll risk it.
6 A But all my friends have got spiky hair. I just
want to be like them.
B I hear _________ , but I still don’t like it.
IT
Hair: straight, spiky, shoulder-length, frizzy,
ginger, wavy, blonde, etc.
Accessories: hat, glasses, earrings,
a nose-stud, hair clips, etc.
Other: heavy make-up, freckles, etc.
CD1.6 Listen to Julia talking to her friend, Alex, and
answer the questions.
N
2
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1 How were the photos made?
2 What opinions do they have?
3 Do they agree with each other?
SPEAK OUT
enough.
are you?
the point.
right.
say that.
of that.
M
a
b
c
d
e
f
SA
I wouldn’t
But that’s not
OK, fair
I’d never thought
You’re absolutely
You’re not serious,
PL
E
3 Match 1– 6 with a– f. Then put the sentences in the
correct places in Speak Out.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Agreeing and disagreeing
Strong agreement
You’re telling me!
1
_________
That’s exactly what I think.
So do I./Me too./Neither do I.
Spot-on!/Exactly!/Absolutely!
Mild agreement
I have to admit, you’ve
got a point there.
2
_________
You may/could be right.
Yes, I suppose so.
That’s a valid point.
True, 3_________ .
Strong disagreement
Nice? I think it’s horrible. Come on!
4
_________
Frankly, that’s rubbish!
5
_________
So? What’s wrong with that?
Mild disagreement
I don’t entirely agree
with that.
6
_________
I’m not totally convinced.
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CD1.7 Use Speak Out to complete the conversations.
Listen and check. Then practise the conversations
in pairs.
I hear what you’re saying,
but …
To be honest, I don’t think
that’s true.
5
Before you listen to a discussion, read the
sentences and think how you could complete the
sentences. Then listen and complete the sentences
with one word in each gap.
CD1.8
Ruth says she doesn’t care what’s 1_________
this season, but Dan thinks she copies the
models in the 2_________ .
Ruth admits that she changes her 3_________
quite regularly.
Dan says the trendsetters are young people
in 4_________ , 5_________ and Milan who
experiment with new styles.
Dan believes the fashion industry is just a
marketing 6_________ .
Ruth thinks Dan’s clothes are 7_________ and
up-to-date.
According to Ruth, a person who wears all the
latest styles is called a fashion 8_________ .
6 In pairs, prepare your arguments for or against the
statements below. Then discuss the statements with
another pair using language from Speak Out.
• The fashion industry works by making people
feel bad about the way they look.
• It’s not important to look fashionable if you
want to succeed in life.
• You shouldn’t judge people by the clothes
they wear.
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01
A fresh start
VOCABULARY | Opposites
3 Work in pairs. Student A, look below. Student B,
look at page 123.
1 Match adjectives 1– 5 from this unit with their
opposites. Do they all describe people?
1
2
3
4
5
2
self-conscious
chatty
nasty
rambling
even-handed
a
b
c
d
e
Student A
On a piece of paper, write down the names of:
• a famous couple who are incompatible.
• a TV presenter who pretends to be
knowledgeable.
• an actor who always takes predictable roles.
Close your book. Show the names to Student B
and explain why you wrote them.
biased
snappy
quiet
confident
nice
Make the sentences 1–10 more logical by
swapping the underlined word in each sentence with
its opposite from the box. Then listen, check and
mark the stress on each adjective.
CD1.9
4
CD1.10 Listen to the first line of each conversation and
in 1– 5 below choose the correct adjective to make
logical responses.
1 Did you? I thought he was very
even-handed / biased.
2 Do you think so? I think he’s quite
knowledgeable / ignorant.
3 Haven’t you? She always seems very
self-conscious / confident to me.
4 Actually, I think he’s quite infantile /
mature.
5 Really? Her emails are usually so snappy /
rambling.
N
U
5 Complete the sentences with a suitable opposite
adjective to show that the speakers agree. Then act
out the conversations.
SA
M
PL
E
1 Have a bath and you’ll feel more tense.
2 Steve’s a great musician but he’s very
conceited about his abilities.
3 I’m really knowledgeable about politics.
You’ll have to ask someone else.
4 Tom’s nasty comment really made me feel
superior.
5 They’re proud because the teacher said
some really critical things about their project.
6 The week before exams is a reassuring time
for everybody.
7 Harvey told us some dull stories about his
visit to China – he should write a book
about it.
8 Although their personalities are different,
Phil and Amy are very incompatible.
9 I really can’t forgive Sylvia for her mature
behaviour: she’s nearly nineteen.
10 I’m quite adventurous about trying new
food in a restaurant – I don’t want to get an
unpleasant surprise!
IT
cautious complimentary ignorant
infantile inferior intriguing modest
relaxed well-matched worrying
A Jackie looked very tense today, didn’t she?
B Well, she certainly didn’t look 1_________ .
A That programme about the futu
re of
mankind was quite worrying, I tho
ugh
B Mmm, it wasn’t exactly 2_________ t.
.
we do.
A Mr Palmer’s critical of everything
y
ver
not
ly
tain
B I know, he’s cer
3
_________ .
A Geri’s always so cautious in her choice
of clothes.
B That’s true. She’s not very 4_________
at all.
A I’m surprised Kim an
d Greg are still
together – they’re so inc
ompatible.
B I know. They’re not ex
actly 5_________ ,
are they?
class is so conceited!
A That new boy in our
you’d call
B I agree. He isn’t what
6
_________ , is he?
6 Act out similar conversations to those in Exercise 5,
using pairs of opposites from Exercises 1 and 2.
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WRITING | Description of a person
1 Choose a category from the box for the groups
of adjectives 1– 6. Add more adjectives to
each group.
complexion character eyes
general appearance hair posture
1
2
3
4
5
6
calm, aggressive, impulsive
straggly, curly, windswept
sparkling, tired, unfocused
drawn, grey, wrinkled
stooped, upright, unsteady
exhausted, weak, rough
2 In pairs, use the adjectives from Exercise 1 to
describe the woman in the pictures. What do
you think the pictures show?
IT
3 Read the three writing tasks and discuss the
questions in pairs.
U
1
My older sister Maria had always wanted to be a
doctor, so I wasn’t surprised when she finished
medical school with top grades and glowing
references. Then, when she landed a dream job as
a consultant in Australia, she seemed destined for
great success. But then everything changed.
PL
E
a Describe a person who has changed the
way you see yourself.
b Describe a person who has made an
unexpected change in his or her life.
c Describe a person whose life changed as a
result of an unexpected event.
------------------------------
N
Essay questions
2
When she came back home to visit us two
years ago, she was a shadow of her former self,
exhausted from working around the clock, day
in, day out. She had lost the spark of enthusiasm
for the job, which revolved around deadlines and
strategies rather than curing people’s illnesses.
Her complexion seemed greyer and her eyes were
tired and unfocused. And she had lost weight – too
much weight – and now looked weak and drawn.
We spent most of her week-long visit yelling at
each other.
3
That was when she decided to take a leap into the
unknown. She resigned from the hospital and took
a job training doctors in poor countries. People
thought she was crazy to throw away her dream
job, but she needed to get her priorities right.
4
I saw her last week and the transformation left
me speechless. She looks ten years younger and
she has the spring in her step and energy that I
remember when we were growing up. Her eyes
sparkled and she couldn’t stop smiling as she told
me about the places she had seen and the people
she had helped. I never expected she’d be brave
enough to change everything, but it was the best
decision of her life.
SA
M
1 Is it better to write about a real person
or an imaginary person?
2 Which task would you find easiest?
3 Who would you write about?
4 Would you keep to the facts, or would
you invent new facts to make the
description more interesting?
4 Read the description of a person. Which
essay question from Exercise 3 does it answer?
5 In pairs, answer these questions.
1 Which paragraph describes the change
that Maria made?
2 Which paragraphs are more descriptive?
3 Which paragraph shows how the change
was unexpected?
4 In paragraphs 2 and 4, how does the
writer link Maria’s appearance to the
events in her life?
5 In paragraphs 1 and 3, what impression
does the writer give of Maria’s
character?
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A fresh start
6 Answer these questions about the description.
1 What two tenses are used in paragraphs 1
and 2? What were the main events and
what information is given about earlier
events?
2 How many tenses are used in paragraph 3?
Why?
3 Why did the writer use the Present Simple
in paragraph 4?
7 Complete these idiomatic phrases from the
description.
N
IT
1 glowing _________
2 to land _________
3 to be destined _________
4 to be a shadow of _________
5 to work around _________
6 day in, _________
7 to revolve _________
8 to lose _________
9 to take a leap _________
10 to get your priorities _________
11 to leave you _________
12 to have a spring _________
U
8 In Train Your Brain, match 1– 7 with a– g.
SA
M
PL
E
TRAIN YOUR BRAIN Writing skills
Description of a person
1 Read the question carefully and decide
who you are going to write about.
2 Don’t describe every detail, like the colour of
their eyes.
3 Plan to have around four paragraphs, each
with a clear function, and use
4 Before you start writing,
5 Make a list of great adjectives and idioms
that you can use in your description.
6 Try to link the person’s appearance and
character
7 When you’ve finished,







a Decide which paragraph is best for each one.
b around three or four sentences in each
paragraph.
c It’s easier to write about a real person, but you
can invent a character if you prefer.
d plan which tenses you’ll use in each paragraph.
e read your writing to make sure you’ve answered
the question completely.
f Only describe the details that are important to
the question.
g to the events in the story.
9 In pairs, choose one of the remaining two
topics in Exercise 3. Follow the instructions in
Train Your Brain to plan your writing. Then write
your answer in 200 to 250 words.
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6
0
Secrets uncovered
Read, listen and talk about books and reading, secrets and ordinary heroes.
Practise modal and other related verbs; phrasal verbs.
Focus on justifying opinions; referencing in reading.
Write a book review.
GRAMMAR AND READING
1 In pairs, read the statements and choose the ones
you think are true. Give reasons.
2 Look at the photos and discuss the questions.
1How do you think we use these animals to
help us?
2What other animals do we use? How?
3Could animals be used as secret agents?
How?
A good secret agent
•must be an excellent driver.
•doesn’t have to be glamorous.
•can swim underwater for extended periods.
•mustn’t tell anyone what his/her job is.
•needs to be extremely courageous.
•can carry a gun at all times.
•ought to be an expert dancer.
T
N
IT
U
E
SA
M
PL
The Secret
World of
Animals
3 Read the article. What can animals do, according
to the article?
here is a long history of
animals being used to
defend and protect us –
from Hannibal’s elephants to
guide dogs for the blind. But
nowadays there’s a whole new
dimension to what animals can
do – including spying missions!
A Code name: Goldwing
Pigeons were extensively used as
messengers in the two World Wars
and were so important that UK
citizens were told they couldn’t
shoot them. They had two crucial
qualities: they were able to find their
way home from anywhere and could
fly at great speed. One heroic pigeon
had to wear a camera around its
neck and was supposed to take
photos. Unfortunately he couldn’t fly
very far with it, but still succeeded
in returning on foot two days later!
B Code name: Squeak-squeak- bang-bang
A Belgian research group has trained
rats to find landmines in ex-war
zones like Mozambique. Rats can do
M06A_SUCC_SB_UINGLB_9420_U06.indd 50
the job very well because of their
excellent sense of smell. They have
to run around a specified area and
are supposed to stop and scratch the
ground when they smell explosives.
More than fifty people a day are
killed or injured by landmines but
rats have been able to reduce this
risk. On one occasion, they managed
to find nine mines in one day, and are
sure to get better at it in future.
C Opinions divided
However, not everybody is happy
about all this. One animal rights
supporter said, ‘Why has such
cruelty to animals been allowed in
this country? One might assume that
most people respect the rights of
animals. Indeed, ordinary people are
aware of laws which state they can’t
treat animals badly. Yet, scientists
are allowed to. There’s so much
technology these days, they needn’t
use rats! Missions like this can be
very dangerous, and the animals
could die. Animals shouldn’t suffer
like this. They should be free!’
17/02/2012 12:22
06
Secrets uncovered
4 ThinkBack!Lookattheunderlinedverbformsin
Exercise1andinthearticle,andwritetheminthe
correctplacesinthetable.
obligation/necessity
must
no obligation/necessity
duty and advice
ought to
ability or lack of ability
prohibition
permission
7 CD2.17 Replaceeachunderlinedwordorphrase
withonefromtheboxtomakethephonecallmore
natural.Thenlistenandcheck.
SITUATIONS VACANT
WANTED
Dolphin trainer!
D
iscretion essential.
Phone 985382741
possibility/probability
must supposed to might could you
it can be I was able to do I need mustn’t
bound to I should allowed have to
Work it out
SA
M
PL
U
E
1 They were so important that UK citizens
were forbidden to shoot them. (para. A)
2 One heroic pigeon was required to wear a
camera around its neck. (para. A)
3 He managed to return on foot two days later.
(para. A)
4 They are obliged to run around a speciﬁed
area. (para. B)
5 They are bound to get better at it in future.
(para. B)
6 One is likely to assume that ordinary people
respect animal rights. (para. C)
7 Ordinary people can’t treat animals badly but
scientists are permitted to. (para. C)
8 They are supposed to be free. (para. C)
➤ Check it out page 132
Mind the trap!
Todescribethecompletionofaspeciﬁcactioninthe
past,weusebe able to,NOTcould,inafﬁrmative
sentences.Innegativesentencesbothbe able toand
couldarepossible.
Hewasn’t able to/c ouldn’tﬂyveryfarbuthewas
able to(NOTcould)getbackonfoot.
6 Rewritethesentencessothattheymeanthesame,
usingthewordsincapitalletters.
1 It isn’t necessary to keep this a secret
from everybody.
HAVE
2 Why do I have to show my passport? REQUIRED
3 She has the potential to be a great
female 007.
COULD
4 Despite the terrible snowstorm,
he managed to reach the summit. SUCCEEDED
5 The English football team has a good
chance of winning the World Cup.
MIGHT
6 Winters are often bitterly cold here.
CAN
7 You should switch off your mobile
phone in class.
SUPPOSED
A 1Is it necessary to have any speciﬁc
qualiﬁcations?
B Well, you 2are required to be an experienced
dolphin trainer. You have worked with
dolphins before?
A Yes, of course. 3It was possible for me to work
with dolphins full-time in my last job. And
what would I 4be obliged to do in the job?
B You are 5expected to use the navy training
programme.
A Oh, so is that why 6it’s a good idea to be
discreet then?
B Yes, you’re not 7permitted to tell anyone
about your work. And you 8are forbidden to
talk to journalists.
A I see. So is the work dangerous?
B 9Possibly, yes. But for the dolphins more than
the trainers.
A Oh! I see. I suppose it’s 10sure to be a
challenging job at times.
B It 11is likely to be, yes. 12Is it possible for you to
come for an interview?
N
IT
5 Comparethesesentenceswiththeirequivalentsin
thearticle.Thenputtheunderlinedphrasesinthe
correctplacesinthetableinExercise4.
8 Completethesentencestomakethemtruefor
you.Thenreadyoursentencestoyourpartner,who
shouldrespondappropriately.
1 I was able to …
2 My friends aren’t allowed to …
3 I haven’t managed to …
4 I’m bound to …
5 I won’t have to …
6 Students in my school aren’t supposed to …
7 We’re forbidden to …
A I was able to wr¡te when I was four.
B Really? I couldn’t wr¡te unt¡l I was seven!
51
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17/02/2012 12:22
READING AND VOCABULARY
6 Findsentencesaandbinthestory.
Whatdotheunderlinedwordsreferto?
1 Howdoyouusuallychooseabook?Discussyour
answersinpairs,usingtheideasbelow.
• recommended by a friend
• familiar with the
author’s work
7 ReadTrainYourBrainandmatchsentences
aandbfromExercise6totherules.
CD2.18 Inpairs,answerthequestionsaboutthepicture.
ThenreadPart1ofthestoryandcheckyouranswers.
TRAIN YOUR BRAIN Reading skills
1 Where do you think this place is? What is it?
2 Who is the boy? What is he doing?
3 How does he feel? Why is he there?
Referencing
BeforeyoureadPart2ofthestory,discussthe
questions.Thenreadandcheckyourpredictions.
eusepronouns(e.g.they,its,us,this/that)torefer
W
1 forwardstoinformationinatext. 
2 backwardstoinformationinatext. 
Every time a book changes hands, every time
someone runs his eyes down its pages …
CD2.19
1 What does Daniel’s father do for a living?
2 Why is this place called the Cemetery of
Forgotten Books?
3 What happens to a person who visits this
place for the ﬁrst time?
4 What’s going to happen next? Will it be
positive or negative?
8 Whatdothehighlightedwordsinthetextreferto?
Isitforwardsorbackwardsreferencing?
9 Howfardoyouagreewiththesestatements?Discuss
youropinionsingroups.Thensummariseyourideas
aboutonetopicandpresentthemtotheclass.
• Books have ‘souls’ and should be preserved.
• It’s not worth keeping books once you’ve
read them.
• More people will download books from the
Internet than buy them in the future.
• Reading books is a waste of time. All the
knowledge you need is online.
PL
E
4 V ocabularyMatchtheunderlinedwordsinthetextto
thedefinitionsbelow.
1 in a shy way
2 just be able to see something
3 quiet
4 touch gently
5 shine softly
6 a long steady look
7 too shocked to speak
8 close and open one eye quickly
N
IT
3
• read a review
• like the cover
• other
U
2
a This is my son, Daniel. (line 1)
b Nobody knows that for certain. (line 30)
PART 1
SA
M
5 Readthestoryagainandchoosethecorrectanswer.
1 When they arrived at the door of the building
a Daniel’s father gave him a warning.
bIsaac did not know Daniel.
c Daniel knew why he was there.
d Isaac was reluctant to let them in.
2 When Daniel went into the library, he was
a frightened and upset.
b excited and surprised.
c astonished and shocked.
d bored and disappointed.
3 Some of the people in the library
a knew Daniel’s father.
b came to say hello to Daniel.
c were studying to be alchemists.
d knew Daniel.
5
10
‘Good morning, Isaac. This is my son, Daniel,’ my
father announced. ‘He will be eleven soon, and one day
the shop will be his. It’s time he knew this place.’
The man called Isaac nodded and invited us in. We
followed him through a palatial corridor and arrived
at an enormous round hall, the shadows pierced by
light from a high glass dome above us. A labyrinth
of passageways and bookshelves rose like a beehive,
with platforms, steps and bridges that suggested an
immense library of impossible geometry. I looked at
my father, stunned. He smiled at me and winked.
‘Welcome to the Cemetery of Forgotten Books,
Daniel.’
4 The library was created
a by Daniel’s grandfather.
bto preserve old books.
c for people to buy and sell books.
d by the owners of the books.
52
5 Daniel
a was conﬁdent he’d chosen the right book.
b chose the book very quickly.
c preferred football to books.
d found the right book immediately.
M06A_SUCC_SB_UINGLB_9420_U06.indd 52
17/02/2012 12:22
N
IT
U
E
20
25
30
35
40
45
Among the library’s corridors and platforms, I could
make out about a dozen human figures. Some of them
turned to greet me from a distance, and I recognised the
faces of various booksellers, colleagues of my father’s. To
my ten-year-old eyes, they looked like a brotherhood of
alchemists in secret study. My father knelt next to me,
with his eyes fixed on mine, and spoke in the hushed
voice he reserved for promises and secrets.
‘This is a place of mystery, Daniel, a sanctuary. Every
book you see here has a soul. The soul of the person who
wrote it and of those who read it and lived and dreamed
with it. Every time a book changes hands, every time
someone runs his eyes down its pages, its spirit grows
and strengthens. This place was already ancient when my
father brought me here for the first time many years ago.
Perhaps as old as the city itself. How long has it existed?
Who created it? Nobody knows that for certain. I will
tell you what my father told me, though. When a library
disappears, or a bookshop closes down, when a book
has been completely forgotten, those of us who know
this place, its guardians, make sure that it gets here. In
this place, books no longer remembered by anyone live
forever, waiting for the day when they will reach a new
reader’s hands. In the shop, we buy and sell them, but
in truth books have no owner. Every book you see here
has been somebody’s best friend. Now they only have us,
Daniel. Do you think you’ll be able to keep this a secret?’
My gaze was lost in the immensity and magic of the
light. I nodded, and my father smiled.
‘And you know the best thing about it?’ he asked.
I shook my head.
‘According to tradition, the first time someone visits
M06A_SUCC_SB_UINGLB_9420_U06.indd 53
SA
M
15
PL
PART 2
50
55
60
65
this place, he must choose a book, any book, and adopt it.
That’s a big responsibility. He has to make sure that it will
never disappear, that it will always stay alive. It’s a very
important promise. For life,’ explained my father. ‘Today
it’s your turn.’
For almost half an hour, I wandered within the
labyrinth, breathing in the smell of old paper and dust.
Among the titles, I could make out words in familiar
languages and others I couldn’t identify. I walked through
galleries filled with hundreds, thousands of volumes.
After a while it occurred to me that between the covers
of each of those books was a boundless universe waiting
to be discovered, while beyond those walls, in the outside
world, people allowed life to pass by in afternoons of
football and radio soaps. At that precise moment, I knew
that I had already chosen the book I was going to adopt,
or that was going to adopt me. It stood out timidly on
one corner of the shelf, bound in wine-coloured leather.
The gold letters of its title gleamed in the light from the
dome above. I caressed them with the tips of my fingers,
reading to myself.
The Shadow of the Wind
JULIÁN CARAX
70
75
I had never heard of the title or the author, but I didn’t
care. I took the book down with great care and leafed
through the pages. Once liberated from its prison on
the shelf, it released a cloud of gold and dust. Pleased
with my choice, I put it under my arm and walked back
through the labyrinth, a smile on my lips. I felt sure that
The Shadow of the Wind had been waiting there for me for
years, probably since before I was born.
17/02/2012 12:22
A
B
C
WEDNESDAY Radio
Central Radio
9.00 a.m. Britain Today: Secret
Heroes
SPEAKING AND LISTENING
Listentotheintroductiontotheprogramme
andcheckyouranswers.Whatdideachpersondo?
1 Liz 2Rob
3
CD2.21
3Carlos
4Annabel
Inpairs,followtheinstructions.
SA
M
1 Discuss what arguments could be given why
each of these people should win.
2 Listen and write the arguments that the
panellists discuss.
4
Listenagainandwritethecorrectname(s)
besideeachquestion.
CD2.21
1 Who is not young? _________ , _________
2 Who rescued people they didn’t know?
_________ , _________
3 Who repeated his act of bravery? _________
4 Who was not afraid of aggression?
_________ , _________
5 Who saved a child? _________ , _________
6 Who had their own problems that day?
_________
SPEAK OUT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Justifying opinions
Thefact(ofthematter)is…
Itgoeswithoutsayingthat…
Youhavetoadmitthat…
There’snodenyingthat…
Ireallydon’tseethepointof…
Ontheotherhand…
Youhavetobearinmindthat…
AsfarasIcansee…
Tobefrank/honest…
ThewayIseeit…
Thatmightnotnecessarilybegood/thecase…
D
E
CD2.20
PL
2
U
1 Have you or anybody you know ever been in
any of the situations shown?
2 Which situation is the most dangerous? Why?
3 The radio programme is called Secret Heroes.
What do you think it is about?
N
IT
1 Inpairs,lookatthephotosandtheprogrammetitle
andanswerthequestions.
5 StudySpeakOutandcompletesentences1–8with
someofthephrases.
1 Well, _________ no _________ that Carlos’s
actions were impressive.
2 … it _________ that the fact that none of
them looked for publicity or wanted any kind
of reward for what they did is a remarkable
and very positive thing.
3 The _________ I _________ , that’s true
heroism in my mind, so selﬂess.
4 You _________ admit that going into a
burning building to rescue complete strangers
takes a lot of courage.
5 On _________ , I’m not sure the situation was
quite as terrifying as being faced by an armed
robber, as Annabel was.
6 Well, the _________ that all four of the
candidates would be fully deserving winners.
7 And _________ bear _________ Carlos didn’t
just go into the building once …
8 _________ be _________ , most of us would
be angry, wondering what we had done to
deserve such bad luck.
6 Workinpairs.StudentA,lookatpage121.
StudentB,lookatpage123.
7 Discussthestatementsinsmallgroups.
• Everybody can be a hero, but very few
actually are.
• It’s easier to be brave if you’re not very clever.
• People are more/less willing to help each
other now than in the past.
54
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17/02/2012 12:22
06
Secrets uncovered
VOCABULARY | Secrets and lies
4 Completetheemailwiththecorrectformofthe
phrasalverbsinExercise1.Oneisusedtwice.
WhatadvicewouldyougiveSuzie?
1 Readthequestionnaireandmatchtheunderlined
phrasalverbsin1–8totheirdefinitionsa–h.
Just keep it to yourself.
jenny.mccartney@mail.net
From:
suzie9847@mail.net
Subject:
Ohdear!
N
IT
U
SEND
E
SA
M
a share a secret with somebody you trust
b make somebody believe something
which is not true
c not tell anybody
d explain a difﬁcult situation
e invent
f reveal, usually not on purpose
g recognise that something is true/not true
and not be tricked
h share a secret intentionally








2 Inpairs,askandanswerthequestionsfromthe
questionnaire.Explainyouranswers.Thenturnto
page120anddecidewhichprofilebestfitsyour
partner.
3 Choosethecorrectphrase.
1 He answered the questions but you could
see from his face that he was keeping
something back / clearing something up.
2 I’ll let you in on / clear up a secret if you
promise not to tell anybody.
3 She was sure I wasn’t telling her everything
but I didn’t make anything up /
keep anything back.
4 She said I wanted to leave home but it wasn’t
true. To be honest, she’s always seeing
through me / making things up about me.
5 I had a terrible argument with my friend but it
was all a misunderstanding and we laughed in
the end after we kept it back / cleared it up.
M06A_SUCC_SB_UINGLB_9420_U06.indd 55
To:
Hi Jenny!
I think I’m in a bit of trouble and I don’t know what to do!
It all started the other night at a party, when Sally
1
_________ me _________ _________ a secret: she’s
going to move to New York next month! The thing is, she’s
2
_________ it _________ from her boyfriend and her
family because she’s waiting for the right moment to tell
them. To be honest, I don’t know why she told me, maybe
she just wanted to 3_________ _________ somebody she
could trust. Unfortunately I thought she was joking, you
know, just 4_________ it _________ , and I 5_________
it _________ by accident when I was talking to John.
Worse, I think he 6_________ it _________ to even more
people – I’m sure he told Paul, who told Joe, who probably
told Andrea, who probably told everybody. I don’t know what
to do! Should I tell Sally and try to 7_________ it
_________ ? Or should I deny that I told her secret and
hope that she doesn’t 8_________ _________ my lie? Help!
Suzie
PL
1 Are you a secretive person? Do you have a lot
of secrets that you keep back from others?
2 Have you ever let out a secret by accident?
3 Do people often confide in you?
4 Do you ever make things up about others that
you know are not true?
5 Can you easily see through people who try to
mislead you?
6 Do you usually know when somebody is
trying to take you in?
7 Do you often let people in on your secrets or
do you keep them from others?
8 When you see that people try to trick you,
do you clear it up with them or leave things
unresolved?

 NEW MESSAGE
5 Inpairs,decidewhichwordorphrasedoesNOT
collocatewiththephrasalverbincapitalletters.
Thenwriteasentencewitheachofthecollocations.
1 MAKE UP (…): a story / your own rules /
your face / an email
2 KEEP (…) BACK: the worst / some time /
the truth / some money
3 SEE THROUGH (…): the lies / somebody’s face /
somebody’s story / the confusion
4 CLEAR UP (…): a mess / a misunderstanding /
a problem / a job
5 TAKE (…) IN: a skirt / the news / the cold /
a guest
6 LET (…) OUT: some information / a scream /
a cat / some money
7 LET SOMEBODY IN ON (…): the truth /
your family / a joke / the decision
6 Discusstheopinionsbelowwithapartner.
Doyouagreewiththem?
• Doctors should never keep the worst back
from their patients.
• The more honest you are, the easier it is for
you to see through a liar’s story.
• Friends should never keep the truth back
from each other.
• Everybody needs somebody they can
conﬁde in.
• It’s horrible when you’re the only one not let
in on a joke.
• It’s usually easy to clear up misunderstandings
once people calm down.
55
17/02/2012 12:22
WRITING | A book review
7 U
nderlinetheadverbsinphrases1–3andmatchthemtotheiruses
a–c.Findotherexamplesofeachinthereview.
1 Whattypesofbooksdoyoulike
readingmost?Why?Choosefrom
theboxorthinkofothertypes.
crime spy thriller mystery
science fiction suspense
fantasy classics biography
historical fiction humorous
romantic adventure
2 Lookatthephotos,bookcoversand
shortbiography.Thenanswerthe
questionsinpairs.
1 a seemingly happy family
2 the story begins slowly
3 but eventually … it carries you
a describes how something happens
b describes an adjective
c is a time adverb
8 Addadverbstoeachlinetoimprovethereviewbelow.
1 Conclusion and
recommendation
2Main events in the story
3 Introduction
4 Positive and negative
comments




5 Answerthequestionsaboutthereview.
1 Which tense is most often
used? Why?
2 Is the style of writing neutral
or informal?
3 Can you explain the meaning
of the title Inkheart?
6 Underlinethenounsthatcollocate
withtheseadjectivesinthereview.
1 fantastical
2 quiet
3 sudden
4 mysterious
5 secret
6 evil
7 brutal
8 cruel
9 terrible
10 great
11 believable
12 unnatural
13 moving
EVENTUALLY
IMPRESSIVELY
BRILLIANTLY
U
9 Makenotesaboutabookyouhaveenjoyedreading,usingthe
promptsbelow.Thentalkaboutyourbookingroups.
1 I thoroughly enjoyed …
2 It’s a … and was written by …
3 The story is set in …
4 The book explores …
5 The thing I liked best was …
6 My only criticism of the book is …
7 All in all, …
8 If you’re a fan of … , you …
9 I would recommend it because …
E
SA
M
4 MatchparagraphsA–Dto1–4below.
Ifyouknowthebook,doyouagree
withthereview?
WONDERFULLY
OFTEN
SLOWLY
SECRETLY
FINALLY
UNFORTUNATELY
PL
One of the things I liked best
set in if you’re a fan of
I would still recommend
My only criticism explores
I thoroughly enjoyed
The book opens with
Anthea thinks that she and her husband are happy
together. When her husband starts working late more
and more, she begins to suspect that something is not
right with her marriage. She decides to follow her
husband one evening and discovers the truth: her
husband has a secret life as a spy! She is caught up in
one of his missions and for a while things look bad.
They escape from danger together, however, and realise
that they work together. In the end, Anthea becomes a
spy too and they form a successful team.
N
IT
1 What did you ﬁnd out about
the author and her books?
2 What can you predict about
the books? Do you think you
would enjoy them?
3 If you’ve read Inkheart or
seen the ﬁlm, what did you
think of it?
3 Readthereviewandcompleteit
withthephrasesinthebox.



10 ExpandtheinformationfromExercise9andwriteareviewofyour
book.UseTrainYourBraintoplanandcheckyourreview.
TRAIN YOUR BRAIN Writing skills
A book review
Organisation
Introduction:includethetitle,typeofbook,author,youroverall
impressionandabriefsummaryofthesettingandplot.
Summary of the plot:outlinethemaincharactersandeventsinthe
story.NB:Don’tsaytoomuchandspoiltheending!
Opinions:saywhatyouparticularlyliked/dislikedaboutthebook.
Conclusion:recommend/don’trecommendthebook.
Style and language
• Usepresenttensestodescribethemaineventsofthestory.
• Writeinaneutralstyle,nottooformalorcasual.
• Vocabulary:useavarietyofadjectives,adverbsandlinkingwordsto
makeyourreviewmoreinterestingandengaging.
56
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Between the pages
A By turns gentle, frightening and
wondrous, 1_________ Inkheart by
Cornelia Funke, the first book in a
fantasy trilogy. Inkheart is a book
about books: a fantastical story
2
_________ modern-day Europe
which 3_________ the difference
between reality and fiction.
U
E
PL
SA
M
C 5_________ about the book was its
great sense of pace. The story begins
slowly, almost gently, but eventually
it carries you along like a river,
accompanied by a wonderful range of
entirely believable characters, from the
innocent Meggie to the sad, clever but
naïve Dustfinger. 6_________ of the
book is that the language sometimes
seems a little unnatural, but this may
be because it was originally written in
German, not English.
N
IT
B 4_________ a seemingly happy family:
a book repairer, Mo, and his twelveyear-old daughter Meggie. Their
quiet life is interrupted by the sudden
appearance of a mysterious ‘friend’ of
Mo, Dustfinger. We learn that Mo has
a secret ability: when he reads aloud
he causes characters to come out of
their books and into our world. In this
way, Mo had brought Dustfinger into
the world from the book of the title,
Inkheart, along with two terribly evil
villains: the brutal thug Basta and his
cruel master, Capricorn – and now
Capricorn wants Mo to bring more
evil into the world. So begins a terrible
battle of wits as Mo tries to stop
Capricorn before it is too late.
D All in all, 7_________ intelligent writing
and thoughtful fantasy, you’ll love this
book. And if you’re not, 8_________ it
because Inkheart is also a profoundly
moving story of a father and his
daughter, and how each learns from
the other.
Author biography: Cornelia Funke
Cornelia Funke was born in 1958 in Dorsten, Germany, but lives in the United States.
Before becoming an author, she worked as a social worker, working with children from
deprived backgrounds. She was a talented artist and later worked as a book illustrator,
but her ambition was to be an author and she quickly achieved success, with her first
book published when she was thirty-five years old.
Funke writes literature aimed at a younger audience, usually with a fantasy setting, and
has won many awards. Her books have been translated from the original German into
many languages and are notable for their interesting characters – often, untypically for a
writer of children’s literature, including some very dark characters. She has written over
forty books, including The Thief Lord (2000) and Dragon Rider (2004), but she is best
known for the Inkheart trilogy, the first book of which was made into a film in 2009.
M06A_SUCC_SB_UINGLB_9420_U06.indd 57
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12
Media 2.0
E
U
N
IT
Read, listen and talk aboutnewsandthemedia,photography,films.
Practisequantifiers;singularandpluralnouns.
Focus oncomparingandcontrasting,justifying.
Writeaformalletter.
SA
M
PL
Collapse of newspaper sales forces toilet paper
manufacturers to seek new source of recycled paper
GRAMMAR AND LISTENING
1 Inpairs,lookatthephotoandtheheadlineand
discussthequestions.
1 Whatbranchesofthemediadotheyshow?
2Whichmediadoyouuseforinformationor
forentertainment?Why?
3 Howdidyourparents’generationusethe
media?Whathaschanged?
2 Youaregoingtohearapodcastinterviewwithan
expertinmediatrends.First,readthequestions.
Trytopredictasmanyofhisanswersasyoucan.
1 Whatisthebiggestmediatrend?
2Whatarethefivetypesoftraditionalmedia?
3Atwhattimeofdaydidpeopleread
newspapers?
4 InwhatwaywasTVakindofsharedsocial
experience?
5 DoyoungpeoplewatchmoreorlessTV
thanbefore?
6Wheredonewspapersgettheirmoney
from?Whathashappenedtothesesources
ofmoney?
3
CD4.13
ListenandcheckyouranswerstoExercise2.
4
CD4.13
Listenagain.Choosethequantifiersyouhear.
1Well,therearea number of / several /
a fewsmallertrends.
2Many of / Each of / Some ofthemis
strugglinginthisnewworld…
3WhenIwasateenager,every / each / all
familywatchedvery little / loads of /
a lot ofTV.
4 Most / Many / Someofthemusedtoread
oneofa small number of / a few /
a handful ofnewspapers.
5It’sany / no / littlewonderyoungpeople
havelostall / some / everyinterest.
6Theproblemisthatmost / many / several
TVcompaniesgetthe vast majority of /
the bulk of / almost all oftheirmoneyfrom
advertising,butvery little / a good deal of /
a great deal ofadvertisingmoneythese
daysisgoingelsewhere.
7Theycanthenfocusonthose many / few /
severalpeoplewhoarelikelytorespond.
8Thisleaveshardly any / very little /
almost noadvertisingmoneyfornewspapers.
9You’vecertainlygivenusplenty of / lots of /
quite a fewideastothinkabout.
10Asalways,pleasewriteany / all / some
commentsyouhaveatthebottom…
104
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12
Media 2.0
Work it out
5 WritethequantifiersyouchoseinExercise4inthe
gapsinthediagrambelow.
7 CD4.14 Replacetheunderlinedwordsorphrases
withquantifiersthathavesimilarmeanings.
Sometimesmorethanoneanswerispossible.
Thenlistenandcompare.
1IshouldsaythatallideasIhavearesimply
that,myideas.
2Well,Ihaveseveralgoodguesses.
3Hardlyanyoftoday’snewspaperswillexist
tenyearsfromnow.
4 Willwealsolosealmostallofthem?
5Well,ofcourseafewofthemwilldisappear.
6 Manypeoplespendlotsoftimelisteningto
theradiowhilethey’retravelling.
7 Ithinkwe’regoingtoseeloadsofchange.
8 Allofuswillhavecompletecontrolover
whatwewatchandwhen.
_________ , 2_________ ,
_________ , 4_________
1
100%
3
_________ , the vast majority of,
6
_________ , almost all
5
a lot of, lots of, 7_________ , 8_________ ,
many, much, a good deal of, 9_________
quite a few
8 DoyouagreewithMark’spredictions?Why?/Why
not?Inpairs,usequantifiersfromthispagetomake
yourownpredictionsaboutthefutureofthemedia.
a few, a little, 11_________ , a small number of
9 Choosethecorrectanswers.
IT
_________ , several, some
10
_________ , little, not many, not much
N
12
W
_________
14
PL
6 Choosethecorrectoptions.Findexamplesin
Exercises4and5.
E
0%
SA
M
1‘Few’and‘little’meanmore / lessthan‘afew’
and‘alittle’.
2‘Quiteafew’meansmore / lessthan‘afew’,
but‘veryfew’meansmore / lessthan‘afew’.
3 ‘Each’and‘every’arefollowedbysingular /
pluralnounsandverbs.
4Weuse‘each’forsmall / largenumbersof
thingsand‘every’forsmall / largenumbers
ofthings.
5 ‘Agreatdealof’,‘asmallnumberof’and‘the
vastmajorityof’aremuchless / moreformal
than‘loadsof’and‘lotsof’.
6Weuse / don’t use‘of’after‘(a)few’,‘(a)
little’,‘much’,‘many’,‘most’,‘all’,‘some’and
‘any’whentheyarefollowedbyanoun,
butweuse / don’t use‘of’whentheyare
followedbyapronoun.
7‘Pleasewriteanycommentsyouhave’means
‘ifyouhavecomments,pleasewritesome /
all / noneofthem’.
Mind the trap!
Wholecomesafterwordsliketheandmy.
Allalwayscomesﬁrst.
Mywholefamilylovedreading.
Allmyfamilylovedreading.
➤ Check it out page 136
M12A_SUCC_SB_UINGLB_9420_U12.indd 105
hen it comes to writing a news
story, there are 1_________
important rules which 2_________
journalists are taught. Firstly, they learn to put
3
_________ the most newsworthy information
first. The first paragraph, or ‘lead’, should give
the reader a good overview of 4_________
story. This means that if the editor cuts the last
paragraph because of space limitations, the
reader will still have a summary of the story
and 5_________ additional details.
Reporters also learn to ask the five ‘W’
questions: what, who, where, when, why.
6
_________ good news story provides answers
to 7_________ of these questions. If it doesn’t,
the writer can be sure that it will come back to
them for 8_________ revision. Finally, they learn
to keep their sentences and paragraphs short,
and not to use 9_________ heavily descriptive
language. When a story is finished, they go
through it and try to remove 10_________
words which aren’t completely necessary.
U
very few, 13_________ , hardly any
1 afew bseveral c alot dlittle
2 amost b allof cno dany
3 aevery balot c all dquiteafewof
4 a all bevery c alot dthewhole
5 ano bafew c few dveryfew
6 a Most bAll cAny dAgreatdealof
7 aeach bseveral cevery dthewhole
8 aany blittle calittle dafew
9 alotsof b alot cno danumberof
10 aeach bany cevery dmostof
10 Thinkaboutthenewsstoriesorarticlesyouliketo
read.Whatdoyouthinkmakesagoodnewsstory?
Discussinpairs,usingquantifiersfromthispage.
105
13/10/2011 16:41
E
CD4.15 Listen to Shaun and Rebecca and answer
the questions.
PL
1What do they have to do for their project?
2What similarities and differences between the
photos do they discuss? Are they the same as
the ones you mentioned?
CD4.15 Complete the sentences and phrases with one
word from the box. Then listen again and check.
SA
M
3
both either more neither no together while
1They _________ show similar scenes of
families at home.
2One is a photo of a family in, well, it looks
like the 1950s, and the other looks much _________ recent.
3So in some ways, when you look at them _________ , they show how some things
never change.
4Nobody’s talking to each other in _________
of the photos.
5No, actually, _________ of the families have
got TVs.
6… the 1950s one is too early for TVs,
_________ in the modern one, they’re in a
kind of post-TV age.
7… they’ve both got three children, but there’s _________ mother in the modern photo.
4 If you had to choose only one of the two photos
for the cover of the project, which one would you
choose? Discuss in pairs and justify your decisions.
5
CD4.16 Listen to Rebecca. Which picture does she
choose? Why?
1In my _________ , the first one is _________ .
2The other one is nice, but the main
_________ why I wouldn’t use it is that, if
anything, it’s _________ modern.
3There’s not really _________ surprising
information in it.
4It’s just not eye-catching _________ .
5The first one, in contrast, has _________ of
surprising things.
6_________ someone picks up our project, I
think they’ll …
7So, I think that’s my _________ .
U
1 Look back at the photo on page 104. In pairs, find at
least five similarities and five differences between
that photo and the photo above.
2
CD4.16 Complete these extracts from Rebecca’s message
with one word in each gap. Then listen again and check.
N
6
IT
SPEAKING
7 Complete Speak Out with one word in each gap.
Use Exercises 3 and 6 to help you. SPEAK OUT Making choices
Comparing and contrasting
All/1_________ the photos show/represent …
Nobody is … in any/2_________ of the photos.
None/3_________ of the families have/has …
When you look at the photos 4_________ , they show …
In the 1950s people read papers whereas/ 5
_________ /but now they choose …
One is … . The other(s) look(s) much more modern …
X is not eye-catching 6_________ .
X isn’t as/so attractive as …
X is much less attractive than Y.
Choosing and justifying
That’s my 7_________ .
Personally,/In my 8_________ , …
If I were to choose, I’d choose/my choice would be …
because/since/as …
The main reason why I would/wouldn’t choose … is …
8 Work in pairs. Student A, look at page 122.
Student B, look at page 124.
106
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12
Media 2.0
a
formance
Thanks to their brilliant per
Crowd of 20,000 wait outside Windsor Castle to
cheer Queen on birthday.
e secured
in the second half, the team hav
…
their place in the final
e
THE B U Z Z
If your surroundings are beginning to
seem all too familiar, now is a good
time for a change: take a holiday or
even think about a new job …
b OUR congratulations go to Paris Hamilton and
Rowan Lawton, who were recently spotted
wearing engagement rings at ‘Hip’, London’s
newest nightclub.
While it is true that the prime minister made
Is Maths giving you a headache?
Help is at hand with our online
Mathematics tutor, available from …
c
some mistakes, I feel that the media have
blown them out of proportion …
PL








SA
M
1gossipcolumn
2sportspages
3letterstotheeditor
4classifiedads
5horoscope
6businessnews
7nationalnews
8entertainmentsection
2 Addtheunderlinednounsintheextractsto
TrainYourBrain.
TRAIN YOUR BRAIN
Mind the trap!
Makesurethatyouusethecorrectpronounsand
possessiveswithgroupnouns:
T hemanagementhaveincreasedtheirpayoffer.
(asindividuals)
Themanagementhasincreaseditspayoffer.
(asaunit)
E
anewspaper?Discussinpairs.Thenmatchextracts
a–htothesections.
h
N
1 Whywouldyoulookateachofthesections1–8of
The orchestra, which
was
Leonard Williams, playe conducted by Sir
d superbly, and the
audience were quick to
show their appreciatio
n
with thunderous appla
use.
U
VOCABULARY | Singularandplural
g
IT
d Peugeot-Citroën announced last week that it
was shutting one of its main British factories …
f
Singular and plural
Nouns which are always plural:
acoustics,belongings,clothes,earnings,premises,
refreshments,thanks,1_________,2_________
Nouns which end in -s but have a singular verb:
s ubjectsofstudysuchas:Economics,Linguistics,
Politics,3_________
sportsandgamessuchas:aerobics,athletics,billiards,
gymnastics
other:news
Nouns which can be singular or plural (group nouns):
n amesofinstitutions,companiesandteamssuchas:
the United Nations,Manchester United,4_________
other:class,crew,family,government,group,press,
public,staff,5_________,6_________,7_________,
8
_________,9_________
Thechoiceofasingularorpluralverbdependsonhow
you‘see’thenoun.
• asasingleunit:My singing group is quite small.
• asanumberofindividuals:The group have all got
very good voices.
T hecrewwholookedafterusontheﬂightwere
excellent.(asindividuals)
Thecrewwhichlookedafterusontheﬂightwas
excellent.(asaunit)
3 Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformsof
theverbsfromthebox.Whichoftheextractsdoes
notcomefromanewspaper?
s tart lose be criticise cost appeal
move produce
1Thefamilyofa£5millionlotterywinner
_________tothemediatorespecttheir
privacy.
2Bath_________7–12toCardiffandtheir
dreamsofrepeatingtheir2005victoryhave
beenshattered.
3Memberspleasenotethataerobics_________
at8a.m.onMondays,not7.30.
4Thecompany_________recently_________
tonewpremisesoutsideLondon,which
_________muchlesstorentthanitsoffice
spaceinthecity.
5TheBBC,whichusually_________
high-qualityTVprogrammes,_________for
launchingalifestylemagazineaimedatgirls
asyoungasfive.
6Accordingtoasurvey,oneinfiveteenagers
thinksthatbilliards_________morefun
thanfootball.
107
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READING AND VOCABULARY
1 Whichofthewordsandphrasesintheboxarenotusedtotalk
aboutfilms?Useadictionarytohelpyou.
irector crew remake continuity onlocation
d
close-up footage toshoot backstage shot
backprojection scenedressrehearsal
2 Inpairs,lookatthefilmpostersanddiscussthequestions.
1Whichofthefilmshaveyouseen?Whatdidyouthinkof
them?Whatscene(s)doyourememberinparticular?
2 Whatdoyouknowabouttheothers?Whichofthem
wouldyouliketoseeandwhy?
U
4 Matchthefilmswiththestatements.
N
1Howmanymistakesaredescribedinthearticle?
2Whichdoyourememberseeing?How‘serious’arethey?
3Whatistheauthor’sopinionofthemistakes?Choose
froma–d.
aTherearetoomanyofthem.
bTheyareoftenintentional.
c Theyareasignofpoordirecting.
dTheyaddtothe‘magic’ofthefilm.
IT
3 CD4.17 Readthearticlequicklyandanswerthequestions.
SA
M
PL
E
C–Pirates of the Caribbean C–Citizen Kane
P
H–Harry Potter
M–The Matrix
G–Gladiator
A–Avatar
Ti–Titanic
Tw–Twilight
L–Lord of the Rings
1Somethingorsomebodydisappears.
  
2Thereisamistakeinvolvingananimal.
 
3Thefilmcontainspeopleorthingsthat
shouldn’tbethere.

4Anobjectorpersonﬂipsbetweenleft
andright.
 
5Therearemistakesinvolvingglasses.

6Therearemistakesinvolvingcheeks.

7Themistakemightnotbeanaccident.

5 VocabularyFindwordsorphrasesinthearticlethatmatchthe
definitions.
1comingwithoutbeingnoticed(para.A)
2mistakesconnectedwithhistoricalfacts(para.B)
3verygoodatnoticingthings(para.B)
4tiedwithropes(para.C)
5markleftbyanoldinjury(para.C)
6someonewhoisinterestedinfilmsandknowsalot
aboutthem(para.D)
7movesuddenlysothatit’sinadifferentposition
(para.E)
6 VocabularyInpairs,discussthefollowing.Thencompareyour
ideaswithotherpairs.
hinkofafilmorTVcharacterwho
T
1sneaksaround.
3hasscars.
2isamusicbuff.
4iseagle-eyed.
7 Whydoyouthinkfilmsarereleasedwhentheycontainsomany
mistakes?Discussinpairs.
108
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HOW DID THAT MAKE
THE FINAL CUT?
A In the final scene of Pirates of the Caribbean: The
Curse of the Black Pearl, Jack Sparrow (Johnny Depp)
calls his crew back onto the ship with a polite ‘On deck,
you scabrous dogs’, and over his shoulder is a man in
a white T-shirt, tan hat and sunglasses, standing
looking out to sea. Oops! It’s a member of the film crew!
But this isn’t the only example of crew or equipment
sneaking onto our screens. There’s also a cameraman
visible in the duelling scene of Harry Potter and the
Chamber of Secrets. And when a chariot turns over in
Gladiator, watch out for the gas canister in the back.
5
10
B Another famous film, Titanic, is reputed to contain
more than 180 mistakes, a number of which are
anachronisms. Given that the Titanic sank in 1912,
Rose would not have been able to admire Monet’s
The Nymphs, which he painted in 1915. But perhaps
only the eagle-eyed historians in the audience would
notice. The majority of us are more likely to notice
continuity mistakes like the one involving First Officer
William Murdoch. Just after he has shot himself in
one scene, he is seen trying to untie one of the
lifeboats in another. Later, count the number of
musicians in the ship’s orchestra: the fifth member
vanishes at one point, only to reappear seconds later.
15
C Once you start noticing continuity mistakes like this,
25
U
you find them everywhere. In Lord of the Rings: the Two
Towers, when Merry and Pippin are taken by the
Uruk-hai, their hands are bound. But then when a horse
almost crashes down on Pippin, he raises his hands to
protect his face and the ropes are gone. In the next shot,
they’re bound again. And in the final part of the Lord of
the Rings, The Return of the King, Frodo has a scar on
his cheek for most of the second half of the film. Which
cheek? Well, it hops around from cheek to cheek, and
changes its size and position plenty of times too.
N
IT
20
PL
E
30
35
SA
M
D In Citizen Kane, regarded by many film buffs as one of
the best films ever made, there is an outdoor picnic
scene, but director Orson Welles did not have enough
money to film on location, so he had to shoot the scene
in the studio, using back projection. The footage he
used was from King Kong, and four pterodactyls can
clearly be seen flying by. The studio told Welles to take
the pterodactyls out of the shot, but he liked them and
decided to keep them.
E You might think the latest movies, with computer-
generated visual effects, would be free of mistakes. But
they’re still there, if you look hard enough. In The Matrix,
for example, we see Agent Smith interrogating Neo, who
is standing in the corner. But when we go to a close-up
of Agent Smith, we see a reflection of Neo in his glasses
– and Neo is still sitting down. In Avatar, before the bad
guys bomb the tree-village, Jake is put inside his bed
with a plastic tube across his forehead. Later on, when
the lid of his bed is opened, the tube is gone, even
though Jake had been unconscious. Bella in Twilight
also has problems with breathing tubes during a hospital
scene – they flip between shots from being right under
her eyes to much lower down her cheeks.
40
45
50
55
F So, when is a mistake not really a mistake? Next time
you watch Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone,
look out for the start-of-term feast. Harry sits down on
the right side of the table, next to Ron. When the food
appears, Harry is on the other side of the table, next to
Hermione. A mistake, or just Harry showing off his
magic powers? I’ll leave you to decide: after all, in the
world of the movies, everything is magical.
M12A_SUCC_SB_UINGLB_9420_U12.indd 109
60
65
13/10/2011 16:41
D
IT
o you feel passionate about something?
Soapbox gives you the chance to express
yourself to the world. So come on, if
something’s bothering you, get up on our Soapbox
and get it off your chest.
Every week, we publish a short letter from
one of our readers and invite other readers to
respond. Last week’s letter was from Derek from
Brighton. He had some strong opinions about …
blogs. Here we publish his letter and some of the
best comments we’ve received from our readers.
WRITING | Formal letter
N
1 Discuss the questions in pairs.
U
1Do you ever read blogs? Which ones?
2What can blogs offer that traditional media,
like newspapers, can’t?
3What are the disadvantages of blogs?
6 Read Reply 2 and choose the best linking words
and phrases.
E
2 Read the introduction to ‘Soapbox’. In what section of
a newspaper would you expect to see this?
7 Read the two replies again and discuss these
questions in pairs.
PL
SA
M
3 Read Derek’s letter. What is his opinion about blogs?
Which points in his opinion do you agree/disagree
with? Discuss in pairs.
4 Read Reply 1. How many main points does the writer
make? What are they?
5 Study the highlighted linking words and phrases in
Reply 1. Then write them in the correct category in
Train Your Brain.
TRAIN YOUR BRAIN Writing skills
Organising your ideas in a text
• Order your points: first, firstly, 1_________ ,
to begin with, secondly, finally, 2_________ .
• Make a general point: by and large, generally speaking, generally, in general, 3_________ .
• Add a point: 4_________ , 5_________ , furthermore, in addition, besides
• Introduce a contrast: in fact, 6_________ , 7_________ , while, but, though, even though,
in spite of this, however, nevertheless, 8_________ .
• Introduce a result: 9_________ , 10_________ , 11_________ , consequently, so.
• Give a reason: because, as, 12_________ .
• Introduce an example or comparison: for instance, 13_________ , in the same way, similarly, 14_________ .
• Express your attitude/viewpoint: the worst thing is that, 15_________ , apparently, presumably,
inevitably, obviously, in my opinion, personally.
1Do the writers agree with each other?
Why?/Why not?
2 Do you agree with some or all of their points?
Why?/Why not?
8 Join the sentences using the linking words in
brackets. You may need to write two sentences for
some answers.
1There was a big earthquake./No newspapers
in this country reported it./They didn’t have
any reporters in that country. (however; as)
2The quality of blogs is poor./The best ones
are excellent. (while; on the whole; in fact)
3Many newspapers are not making money./
Some of these will have to close down. (as a
result; inevitably; unfortunately)
4I don’t know why they didn’t report the
scandal./The editor was worried about being
taken to court. (but, presumably)
5I’d never consider setting up a blog./I haven’t
got anything interesting to write about.
(personally; since)
9 Read the letter from this week’s Soapbox.
Whose opinion is closest to that of the writer, Derek, Henry or Sally?
10 Make a list of points in reply to Sheila’s letter.
Then write your reply using the linking words from
Train Your Brain.
110
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 SOAPBOX 
DAILY SUCCESS
Dear Derek
You’ve got to ask yourself why people are turning
away from traditional newspapers.
To begin with / For instance, I’m sure that,
on the whole / however, journalists take great care
to research their stories. 3 Because / But not even the
largest newspaper can afford to employ an expert
on every subject, so 4 inevitably / personally mistakes
get through. The blogosphere is not like this. There
are plenty of real experts out there, writing blogs, but
5
because / although they tend to stick to their own
area of expertise, there’s much less danger of them
getting out of their depth. 6 In addition / Of course,
plenty of bloggers do go well beyond their areas of
expertise, but 7 presumably / in spite of this most
readers can easily spot someone who’s making it up.
1
2
IT
days, it seems as though if you haven’t got
your own blog, you’re nobody. So we get
millions of people all over the world blogging
away, telling us what they had for breakfast
or why they think world peace is a better
idea than wars and pollution. I mean, who
wants to read all this rubbish? The worst
thing is that, thanks to the growth of the
so-called blogosphere, no one wants to read
newspapers anymore. And as a result, they’re
closing down right, left and centre. Before
long, the only source of news will be a blog
… the very thought of it makes my blood run
cold.
REPLY 2
Derek, Brighton
Finally / Furthermore, blogs report stories that no
newspaper would ever cover. In the bad old days,
newspapers had a monopoly on the news: if they
didn’t cover it, it didn’t happen. And, 9 unfortunately
/ nevertheless, that came down to a matter of luck.
10
In addition / Firstly, was there a journalist in the
city where a news event happened? Secondly, did
the journalist happen to hear the story? Next, did
the editor decide that the story was interesting? And
11
finally / in the same way, did the story happen in a
country whose government allows a free press? If the
answer to any of these questions was ‘no’, the world
never heard the story at all. Nowadays, thanks to the
blogosphere, everything gets reported, big or small,
important or trivial.
U
8
REPLY 1
Dear Derek
PL
As a committed blogger, I couldn’t disagree more with
your suggestion that all blogs are ‘rubbish’.
E
SA
M
First of all , although there are indeed many blogs that
are not worth reading, it is unfair to imply that the
whole of the blogosphere is equally bad. This is like
arguing that since most of the world’s photographers
have no talent, all photography is worthless. This is
clearly not the case . On the whole , the best blogs are,
in fact, highly informative, entertaining and important.
Moreover , blogging is a wonderful opportunity for
personal development. It’s not all about ‘hey, listen
to me’, but rather ‘let’s learn together’. For example ,
before I write a post for my own blog, I always
do plenty of background reading to make sure I
understand the issue and am therefore not going
to make a fool of myself. As a result , I’ve learnt an
enormous amount, and feel much more confident.
What’s more , having a blog has opened countless
doors for me, including invitations to speak at
conferences and on the radio.
And this brings me to my final point : the blogosphere
is a community. Bloggers comment on each other’s
blogs, correct mistakes, challenge unsupported
statements and link their own blogs to the blogs they
like. This means there is a built-in quality control: the
best blogs rise to the top, while the rest disappear
without a trace.
So Derek, if you ask me , with your strong opinions,
you’d be a brilliant blogger. Go on, set one up and see
how much you learn! Good luck!
Henry, York
M12A_SUCC_SB_UINGLB_9420_U12.indd 111
N
The thing that drives me crazy is blogs. These
111
Apparently / Personally, I stopped reading
newspapers years ago, Derek, and I suggest if you
really want to know what’s happening in the world,
check out some blogs.
12
Sally, Devon
THIS WEEK’S LETTER
What’s happening to TV these days? Not so long
ago, TV programmes were made by professionals
– and, by and large, they did a pretty good job. The
best TV programmes were a kind of art form, with big
budgets and big intellectual messages. Nowadays, it
seems anyone with a camera can make a short ﬁlm
and upload it onto the Internet. What’s more, young
people seem to prefer watching these homemade
ﬁlms to proper TV programmes. It’s just chewing gum
for the eyes – meaningless TV with no message, no
content and, as far as I can tell, no point.
Sheila, Aberdeen
13/10/2011 16:42