1. home and garden
2. laundry

OPERATIONS MANUAL DELIVERY ADVICE
Please be advised that the following amendments are to be made to the Australian Ballooning
Federation Inc. Operations Manual and must be incorporated in the copy of the manual that you
hold to maintain currency.
Amendment
number
Date
Amended
Part Amended
General
Table of
contents
2.01
14 November
2013
Remove page #
Add page #
GEN-3 to GEN-4
GEN-3 to GEN-4
CON-1 to CON-2
CON-1 to CON-2
S3-1 to S3-10
S3-1 to S3-14
New Section
S10-1 to S10-12
A1-1 to A1-6
A1-1 to A1-8
Section 3
Certificates,
Ratings,
Appointments
and
Endorsements
Section 10 ABF
Syllabi of
Training
Appendix 1
Definitions and
Abbreviations
Notes: 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Actioned
by
Date
Actioned
Please update your ABF Operations Manual; and
Check the list of effective pages GEN-4; and
Sign and date the record of amendments page GEN-3; and
Return the section below by email or post; and
Insert this sheet into your Operations Manual folder.
ACTION: This cut off section is to be completed by the recipient and emailed or returned to
the address below as soon as the enclosed amendments have been incorporated.
I have received the amendments to the Australian Ballooning Federation Inc. Operations
Manual Version 2.01 and have updated my copy of the manual.
Signed:
Print name:
ABF No.
Date:
Return to:
ABF, National Administrator
Post: PO Box 402
Emerald Vic 3782
Email: AusBallooningFed@bigpond.com
For release 14 November 2013
Page 1 of 8
Name was Classes of certificates and Endorsements
Name was Student Pilot Certificate (Balloons)
Renamed
Renamed
Deleted Amdt. No. 2.00 added Amdt. No. 2.01 where appropriate.
Name change to conform to revision of section 3.
Name was Certificates and Endorsements
Revised
List of effective pages
Added amendment Number 2.01
Description of change
Renamed
Added Amendment
General
Record of Amendments
Table of Contents
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings,
Appointments and
Endorsements
3.1
Types of Certificates,
Ratings, Appointments and
Endorsements
3.2
Student Pilot (Balloon)
Certificate
Change
Section/Paragraph
Changes:
A summary of the revisions and changes made to the ABF Operations Manual and, where relevant, justification for changes, are as follows.
Housekeeping
Housekeeping
Housekeeping
Housekeeping
Housekeeping
Reason for change
Basic review of spelling, grammar and punctuation was followed by revision of “Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements”, Introduction of a Biennial
Flight Review (BFR) and revision of the Instructor system.
Review criteria of the Operations Manual included:
This manual is the pivotal operational document on which all private flights are conducted and, therefore, must be accurate and up to date at all times.
This manual is part of a suite of ABF manuals falling under the pivotal ABF manual which is the ABF Exposition.
Considering that the ABF board (committee) is preparing the ABF Exposition and that manual will not be completed prior to the issue of this amendment there are
items that belong in the exposition that have remained in this issue of the Operations Manual.
General:
The changes made to the ABF Operations Manual are instigated from the following:
1. Changes to CAO 95.54
2. CASA audit conducted 16th to 17th November 2009.
3. CASA audit conducted 8th and 9th February 2012.
4. General periodic revision.
ABF Operations Manual - Amendment 2.01
ABF OPERATIONS MANUAL – Amendment 2.01
Summary of changes made by Ian Robinson – Operations Manager
Multilevel list revision.
“A1.4” was “A1.3”
A1.5
3.1.1.2 Private Pilot (Balloon)
Certificate
Renamed “(Balloon)
Certificate” was
“Certificate (Balloons)”
Certificate” was
“Certificate (Balloons)”
Deleted “classes and
types”
3.1.1.2 was 3.1.1 (b)
Minor change to certificate names to be consistent with nomenclature in CAR
1988.
Multilevel list revision.
Removed superfluous wording.
1988
Clarification
Housekeeping
Clarification
Clarification
Housekeeping
Clarification
Clarification
Housekeeping
Housekeeping
Housekeeping
Housekeeping
Housekeeping
Housekeeping
Housekeeping
Housekeeping
Housekeeping
For release 14 November 2013
Page 2 of 8
Reason for change
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Renamed “Certificates, Added Ratings and Appointments to header.
Appointments and
Ratings, Appointments
Endorsements
and Endorsements”
was “Certificates and
Endorsements”
3.1 Types of Certificates,
Renamed “types” was
Revision of name to a more appropriate description.
Ratings, Appointments and
“classes”
Endorsements
3.1.1.1 Student Pilot (Balloon) 3.1.1.1 was 3.1.1 (a)
Multilevel list revision
Certificate
Renamed “(Balloon)
Minor change to certificate names to be consistent with nomenclature in CAR
Conversion Factors
Multilevel list revision.
“A1.4” was “A1.3”
New Section
Added
Multilevel list revision.
Name was Balloon Pilot Examiner Certificate
Renamed
“A1.3” was “A1.2”
Name was Balloon Pilot Instructor Certificate
Renamed
New paragraph
Name was Radio Operator Certificate (Balloons)
Renamed
Added
Description of change
Name was Private Pilot Certificate (Balloons)
Change
Renamed
A1.2 Commonly Used
Definitions
A1.3 Meaning of Auxiliary
Verbs
A1.4 Units of Measurement
Section/Paragraph
3.3
Private Pilot (Balloon)
Certificate
3.4
Radio Operator
(Balloon) Certificate
3.5
Instructor Private Pilot
(Balloon) Rating
3.6
Examiner Pilot
(Balloon) Appointment
Section 10
Syllabi
ABF OPERATIONS MANUAL – Amendment 2.01
Summary of changes made by Ian Robinson – Operations Manager
3.1.3 The types of balloon
appointments which may be
made are as follows
3.1.2.3 Instructor Private Pilot
(Balloon) Grade 1
3.1.2.2 Instructor Private Pilot
(Balloon) Grade 2
3.1.2.1 Instructor Private Pilot
(Balloon) Grade 3
3.1.2 The types of balloon
ratings which may be issued
are as follows
Section/Paragraph
3.1.1.3 Radio Operator
(Balloon) Certificate
Clarification
Specified the type of radio.
Added “The types of
balloon appointments
which may be made
are as follows:”
Added “The types of
balloon ratings which
may be issued are as
follows:”
“Instructor Private Pilot
(Balloon) Grades” were
“Balloon Pilot Instructor
Certificate”.
Deleted Theory
Instructor.
Added “Instructor
Private Pilot (Balloon)
Grade 3”
Added “Instructor
Private Pilot (Balloon)
Grade 2”
Added “Instructor
Private Pilot (Balloon)
Grade 1”
Moved “3.1.3
Endorsement to
Logbook:”
“3.1.3” was “3.1 (e)”
Moved “3.1.2
Endorsement to
Certificates:”
“3.1.2” was “3.1 (d)”
Housekeeping
Reworded paragraph to be consistent with other certificates.
“A certificate
authorising” was
“Authorises”
Added VHF
Clarification
Housekeeping
Multilevel list revision.
Added a listing of balloon appointments
Housekeeping
Refer above
Refer above
Multilevel list revision.
3.1.3 Endorsement to Logbook: is now 3.1.5
Introduction of instructor rating grades
Introduction of instructor rating grades
Refer above
Housekeeping
CASA audit 2009
Observation AO1-309
Instructor nomenclature was revised for clarity.
Theory instructor has been deleted to allow for self learning and theory
instruction from non-instructors.
Instructor system has been revised to enable grading of instructors.
Introduction of instructor rating grades
Clarification
Housekeeping
Multilevel list revision.
Added a listing of balloon ratings
Housekeeping
Multilevel list revision.
3.1.2 Endorsement to Certificates: is now 3.1.4
Housekeeping
Description of change
Multilevel list revision.
For release 14 November 2013
Page 3 of 8
Reason for change
Change
3.1.1.3 was 3.1.1 (c)
ABF OPERATIONS MANUAL – Amendment 2.01
Summary of changes made by Ian Robinson – Operations Manager
“Issue” was “Initial
Issue”
Reworded sub sub
section in entirety.
3.2.1 Issue
3.2.2 Flight Privileges and
Limitations
Renamed “(Balloon)
Certificate” was
“Certificate (Balloons)”
Added paragraph
3.2 Student Pilot (Balloon)
Certificate
Revised
Revised to conform to instructor grading and ease of reading.
Revised heading.
Added an explanation of certificate.
Revised to conform to instructor grading and inclusion of certification by the
ABF Operations Manager.
Revised to conform to instructor grading and inclusion of certification by the
ABF Operations Manager.
Minor change to certificate names to be consistent with nomenclature in CAR
1988
Revised
3.1.5 (a) Balloons greater than
120
3.1.5 (b) Flight in class C & D
flight in Class C or D airspace
Added “(e)”
Multilevel list revision.
flight lower than 2,000 feet above the aerodrome elevation while flying within 3
nautical miles of any certified or registered aerodrome; and
Multilevel list revision.
Introduction of examiner appointment grade 1.
Introduction of examiner appointment grade 2.
Introduction of examiner appointment grade 3.
Description of change
Examiner name was revised for clarity.
Examiner system has been revised to enable grading of examiners.
Added “(d)”
Added “Examiner
Private Pilot (Balloon)
Grade 2”
Added “Examiner
Private Pilot (Balloon)
Grade 1”
“3.1.4” was “3.1.2”
Change
‘Examiner Private Pilot
(Balloon) Grades” were
“Balloon Pilot Examiner
Certificate”.
Added “Examiner
Private Pilot (Balloon)
Grade 3”
Misleading
description
Clarification and
conformity.
Clarification
Clarification
Housekeeping
Housekeeping
CASA audit 2012
Observation 120203
Compliance with
CAO 95.54
CASA audit 2012
Observation 120203
Compliance with
CAO 95.54
Housekeeping
Housekeeping
Housekeeping
Clarification of
examiner
authorisations
Allow non
balloonists to
conduct
examinations
Allow balloonists to
conduct and mark
examinations
Replaces Flight
examiner.
For release 14 November 2013
Page 4 of 8
Reason for change
3.1.5 Endorsement to Logbook “3.1.5” was “3.1.3”
3.1.4 Endorsement to
Certificates
3.1.3.3 Examiner Private Pilot
(Balloon) Grade 1
3.1.3.2 Examiner Private Pilot
(Balloon) Grade 2
3.1.3.1 Examiner Private Pilot
(Balloon) Grade 3
Section/Paragraph
ABF OPERATIONS MANUAL – Amendment 2.01
Summary of changes made by Ian Robinson – Operations Manager
Added “A minimum of 15 minutes of tether flight” as a requirement for tethered
flight was not mandatory.
The student is to retain the ABF Student Training Record to avoid loss in the
post. In lieu a copy preferably in PDF format shall be sent to the ABF
Revised
Revised
Reworded
Renamed “(Balloon)
Certificate” was
“Certificate (Balloons)”
Added paragraph
Revised
“two years and one
month” was “two years”
Added (ii)
Added “copy”
Added paragraph
3.2.4 Student experience
3.2.5 Validity
3.3 Private Pilot (Balloon)
Certificate
3.3.1 Issue
3.3.1 (g) Examination validity
3.3.1 (i) Instructional flight time
3.3.1 (l) (iii) ABF Student
Training Record
3.3.1 (l) (iv) Logbook
The requirement for the student to forward to the ABF a copy of his/her
logbook was not previously specified.
Allow for
annual/biennial
training activities.
Update to conform
to existing
requirements.
CASA audit 2009
Observation
AO4-3-09.
Update to conform
to existing
requirements.
Clarification
Clarification
Added an explanation of certificate
Expanded number of points to clarify requirements.
Revised to conform to new Instructor/Examiner requirements and
nomenclature.
Extended validity of examinations by one month.
Clarification
Consistency
Clarification
Update to conform
to previous change.
Clarification
Minor change to certificate names to be consistent with nomenclature in CAR
1988
The ABF Student Training Record is no longer the logbook recommended by
the ABF.
“the “Flight Training Exercises Completed to a Competent Standard” sheet”
was “the back sheet appended to the inside cover of the ABF Student Training
Record”
A new signature sheet has been introduced to comply with this paragraph.
“under the direct supervision of a ABF Instructor and log instructional flight
time up to a maximum total of two hours.” was “and log instruction flight time
conducted by an ABF instructor, up to a maximum total of two hours.”
This revision allows for unlimited unlogged flights and limits flights to exclude
solo flights.
Added “providing that he/she has attained the age of 15 years”.
This addition disallows logging of flights for persons who have not attained the
required age to apply for a SP(B)C.
Reworded paragraph with no change to meaning
3.2.3 (e) Training to a
competent standard
3.2.3 (a) ABF Logbook
Description of change
Minor change to certificate names to be consistent with nomenclature in CAR
1988.
Change
Renamed “(Balloon)
Certificate” was
“Certificate (Balloons)”
Revised logbook
For release 14 November 2013
Page 5 of 8
Reason for change
Section/Paragraph
3.2.3 Logging of Flight Time
and Exercises
ABF OPERATIONS MANUAL – Amendment 2.01
Summary of changes made by Ian Robinson – Operations Manager
3.4 Radio Operator (Balloon)
Certificate
3.3.6.2 and 3.3.6.3
Non-currency
3.3.6 Currency
3.3.2 (h) Flights in a balloon,
which has a capacity greater
than 120,000 cu ft (3,400 cu
m)
3.3.3 Recreational balloon
pilot: regular flight review
required
3.3.4 Examination Credits
3.3.5 Validity
Housekeeping
Consistency
Added the requirements for a review of competency for Private Pilot (Balloon)
Certificate.
Multilevel list revision.
Multilevel list revision.
Reworded paragraph with no change to meaning
Added sub sub
paragraph
“3.3.4” was”3.3.3”
“3.3.5” was”3.3.4”
Reworded
Minor change to certificate names to be consistent with nomenclature in CAR
1988
Added an explanation of certificate.
Deleted reference to the requirement to hold a ROC as this requirement is at
3.3.1 (c)
Revised wording of non-currency requirements deleting
Heading “Reissue” with no change to meaning.
Deleted reference to
radio qualifications
“3.3.6.2” and “3.3.6.3”
Was 3.3.6 Reissue
Renamed added
“(Balloon)”
Added paragraph
Consistency
Reworded paragraph with no change to meaning
Clarification
Consistency and
there is no
reference to
withdrawal of
certificate
Clarification
Housekeeping
Housekeeping
Multilevel list revision.
“3.3.6” was”3.3.5”
Reworded
CASA audit 2012
SA ABF120201
Item 2.
Housekeeping
Added requirement for theory and practical training.
Added “(i)” and “(ii)”
Compliance with
CAO 95.54
CASA audit 2012
RCA 120202.
Lack of
understanding that
an Instrument of
Approval must be
obtained from CASA
for all night flights
CASA audit 2012
RCA 120202.
Clarification
Although 6.6 is a mandatory requirement the reference to 6.6 has been
upgraded to a must comply to 6.6
“certificate” was
“logbook”
Added “(ii)”
3.3.2(g) Night flights
Description of change
Expanded number of points to clarify requirements.
Revised to conform to new Instructor/Examiner requirements and
nomenclature.
Night flights now require a certificate endorsement. Previously a night flight
required a logbook endorsement.
Added requirement for theory training.
For release 14 November 2013
Page 6 of 8
Reason for change
Deleted: “Refer”
Replaced with: “Night
flights must comply
with”
Deleted: brackets
Change
Revised
Section/Paragraph
3.3.2 Flight Privileges and
Limitations
ABF OPERATIONS MANUAL – Amendment 2.01
Summary of changes made by Ian Robinson – Operations Manager
Added
Added Note
Deleted CTAF (R)
Appendix 1 – Definitions and Abbreviations
A1.1 Commonly Used
Added APF
Abbreviations
Added IAW
Section 10 Syllabi
10.1 to 10.8 Syllabi
3.6 Examiner Private Pilot
(Balloon) Appointment
3.5 Instructor Private Pilot
(Balloon) Rating
3.4.2 Validity
“Validity” was “Validity
and Currency”
“Instructor Private Pilot
(Balloon) Rating” was
“Balloon Pilot Instructor
Certificate”
“Examiner Private Pilot
(Balloon) Appointment”
was “Balloon Pilot
Examiner Certificate”
Revised existing
method of issue
Added new method of
issue
“3.4.2.1” was “3.4.1”
3.4.1.1 First method
3.4.1.2 Second method
Change
Added Paragraph
Section/Paragraph
3.4.1 Issue
Compliance with
CAO 95.54 section
2 Definitions.
CASA audit 2012
SA ABF120201
Item 1.
RCA 120202.
RCA 120203
Housekeeping
Clarification of
examiner
authorisations
No currency
requirement
CASA audit 2009
Observation
AO1-3-09.
Conversion of prior
qualification.
Housekeeping
Consistency
Additional
abbreviation
Added abbreviation for IAW In Accordance With
Additional
abbreviation
Deleted abbreviation for CTAF(R) Common Advisory Frequency All aircraft CTAF(R) is not
must carry and use radio
current.
More abbreviations are shown in AIP GEN
Additional
information
Added abbreviation for APF Australian Parachute Federation Inc
Added the Syllabi of training for ABF ballooning certificates, ratings,
endorsements and miscellaneous flights in entirety. (Refer to the definition of
ABF Operations Manual contained within CAO 95.54.)
Inadvertently removed from previous issue of the ABF operations manual.
Examiner name was revised for clarity.
Examiner system has been revised to enable grading of examiners.
An additional grade of examiner (grade 3) has been introduced to enable
appropriate non balloonists to conduct examinations.
Examiner grade 2 is equivalent to a theory examiner.
Examiner grade 3 is equivalent to a flight examiner.
The ABF instructor requirements have been revised to include a grading
system that enables more experienced instructors to oversight or monitor new
instructors.
Removed reference to currency.
Added provision to convert a CASA Flight Radiotelephone Operator Licence to
an ABF Radio Operator (Balloon) Certificate.
Multilevel list revision.
Added requirement to be a financial member with no other changes.
Clarification
For release 14 November 2013
Page 7 of 8
Reason for change
Description of change
Added sub heading with explanation including additional method for issue.
ABF OPERATIONS MANUAL – Amendment 2.01
Summary of changes made by Ian Robinson – Operations Manager
Clarification
Clarification
Sub paragraph re numbered
Added used in TAFs to description
Added used in ARFORs
Added 24 hour clock
A1.4 was A1.3
“Wind direction for
take-off and landing,
used in TAFs” was
“Wind direction for
take-off and landing
“Wind direction,
excluding above, used
in ARFORs” was “Wind
direction, excluding
above”
“Hours and minutes ,
24 hour clock” was
“Hours and minutes”
A1.5 was A1.4
A1.5 Conversion Factors
Sub paragraph re numbered
Clarification
Sub paragraph re numbered
A1.3 was A1.2
Housekeeping
Housekeeping
CASA audit 2009
Observation 2-3-09
Housekeeping
Description of change
Added commonly used definitions in entirety.
Change
Added sub para.
For release 14 November 2013
Page 8 of 8
Reason for change
Section/Paragraph
A1.2 Commonly Used
Definitions
A1.3 Meaning of Auxiliary
Verbs
A1.4 Units of measurement
ABF OPERATIONS MANUAL – Amendment 2.01
Summary of changes made by Ian Robinson – Operations Manager
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
General
Record of Amendments
The Operations Manager is the only person who can review and submit proposed changes to the
Operations Manual. The ABF Committee authorise amendments to the Operations Manual.
Members and CASA personnel can initiate amendments to the manual by writing to the Operations
Manager, Australian Ballooning Federation Inc, PO Box 402, Emerald, Vic, 3782.
The first issue/re-issue of this manual is shown as amendment 1.00, 2.00, 3.00 etc. Subsequent
amendments – for example, amendments 1, 2 and 3 – are shown as amendment 1.01, 1.02 and
1.03; or 2.01, 2.02 and 2.03 etc.
Amendments are marked with change bars beside the text. The List of Effective Pages shows
which pages have changed.
Amendments are by page replacement or addition, or by re-issue of the complete manual.
Insert or replace pages as instructed in the Delivery Advice. Then complete the table below. Sign
in the “Amendment Inserted by” column and record the date on which you inserted the updated
pages.
This amendment record sheet forms part of the manual and must be kept fully and correctly
entered.
Amendment
Number
2.00
Sect/Page Amended
Re-issue in total
Date
Amended
Amendment Inserted
by (signature)
Date of
Insertion
1 Feb 2007
Ian Hogben
1 Feb 2007
General
2.01
Table of Contents
Section 3 Certificates,
Ratings, Appointments
and Endorsements
Section 10 Syllabi
Appendix 1 – Definitions
and Abbreviations
Operations Manual
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
14 Nov 2013
General: 4 pages
Page GEN -3
General
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
List of Effective Pages
Description
Page
General
GEN-1 to GEN-2
Amdt.
No.
2.00
GEN-3 to GEN-4
2.01
14 November 2013
Table of Contents
CON-1 to CON-2
2.01
14 November 2013
Section 1 ABF Overview
S1-1 to S1-4
2.00
1 February 2007
Section 2 Operational Organisation
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and
Endorsements
Section 4 Credits for Overseas Ballooning Qualifications
S2-1 to S2-4
2.00
1 February 2007
S3-1 to S3-14
2.01
14 November 2013
S4-1 to S4-2
2.00
1 February 2007
Section 5 Certification and Airworthiness
S5-1 to S5-2
2.00
1 February 2007
Section 6 Operational Procedures
S6-1 to S6-4
2.00
1 February 2007
Section 7 Accident and Incident Reporting
S7-1 to S7-8
2.00
1 February 2007
Section 8 Disciplinary Action
S8-1 to S8-2
2.00
1 February 2007
Section 9 Safety Management System
S9-1 to S9-2
2.00
1 February 2007
Section 10 ABF Syllabi of Training
S10-1 to S10-12
2.01
14 November 2013
Appendix 1 Definitions and Abbreviations
A1-1 to A1-8
2.01
14 November 2013
Appendix 2 ABF Pilot Award Scheme
A2-1 to A2-2
2.00
1 February 2007
Appendix 3 ABF Accident and Emergency Protocol
A3-1 to A3-8
2.00
1 February 2007
General: 4 pages
Page GEN - 4
Date
1 February 2007
Operations Manual
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Sections:
Section 1
ABF Overview
1.1
1.2
1.3
Section 2
Operational Organisation
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
Section 3
Application
Assessment
Examinations
Temporary issue of PPC
Exemption
Certification and Airworthiness
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
Section 6
Types of Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements
Student Pilot (Balloon) Certificate
Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate
Radio Operator (Balloon) Certificate
Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Rating
Examiner Pilot (Balloon) Appointment
Credits for Overseas Ballooning Qualifications
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
Section 5
ABF Organisational Structure
The ABF Committee
The ABF Executive
The National Administrator
The Operations Manager
Advisory Panel
Appeals
The Training Officer
The National Safety Officer
The Sport Aviation Representative
Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
Section 4
Introduction
This Manual
ABF Document System
Standard Certificate of Airworthiness
Special Certificate of Airworthiness
Experimental Certificate of Airworthiness
Light Sport Aircraft Certificate of Airworthiness
Maintenance
Operational Procedures
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
Introduction
Equipment
Right of Way
Compliance with Sensitive Zones (SZs)
Hazardous Areas
Operations Manual
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Table of Contents: 2 pages
Page CON -1
Table of Contents
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
Section 7
Accident and Incident Reporting
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.10
7.11
7.12
7.13
7.14
Section 8
Night Flights
Cost Sharing
Search and Rescue Procedures
Accident and Incident Reporting
Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA)
Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB)
Immediate and Routine Reportable Matters (IRM and RRM)
Notification of Immediate and Routine Reportable Matters
Particulars to be Reported
ABF Requirements
Custody and Removal of Aircraft
Investigation of Accidents and Incidents
Accident and Incident Reports
Investigating Officers
Accident and Incident Investigation
Media Comment
Accident and Emergency Protocol
ATSB Contact Details
Disciplinary Action
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
Disciplinary Action
Disciplinary Panel
Operational Breach
Membership Issues
Section 9
Safety Management System
Section 10
Syllabi
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
Syllabus of training for ABF Student Pilot (Balloon) Certificate
Syllabus of training for ABF Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate
Syllabus of training for ABF Radio Operator (Balloon) Certificate
Syllabus of training for ABF Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Rating
Syllabus of training for ABF Endorsements to Certificates
Syllabus of training for ABF Endorsements to Logbook
Syllabus of training for ABF Miscellaneous Flights
Appendices:
Appendix 1
Definitions and Abbreviations
A1.1
A1.2
A1.3
A1.4
A1.5
Appendix 2
ABF Pilot Award Scheme
A2.1
A2.2
Appendix 3
Commonly Used Abbreviations
Commonly Used Definitions
Meaning of Auxiliary Verbs
Units of Measurement
Conversion Factors
Award Scheme
Award Requirements
ABF Accident and Emergency Protocol
Table of Contents: 2 pages
Page CON -2
Operations Manual
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements
Section 3 – Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements
3.1
Types of Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements
3.1.1 The types of balloon certificates which may be issued are as follows:
3.1.1.1 Student Pilot (Balloon) Certificate
A certificate authorising the holder to receive practical flight instruction in balloons which
have a capacity of not more than 120,000 c.ft (3,400 c.m) and to increase the standard of
skill to that required for the issue of a private pilot (balloon) certificate or a higher category
or to engage in flying practice for the re-issue of a balloon pilot certificate.
3.1.1.2 Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate
A certificate authorising the holder to pilot a balloon in private operations.
3.1.1.3 Radio Operator (Balloon) Certificate
A certificate authorising the holder to operate a VHF radio for communication with other
aircraft and with ATC.
3.1.2 The types of balloon ratings which may be issued are as follows:
3.1.2.1 Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Grade 3
A rating authorising the holder to conduct training in accordance with (IAW) the ABF pilot
training syllabus under the direct or indirect supervision of an Instructor Grade 1 or 2 not
including:
(a) solo flights; and
(b) advanced training flights; and
(c) recommendation for a flight test.
3.1.2.2 Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Grade 2
A rating authorising the holder to conduct training IAW the ABF pilot training syllabus
including:
(a) solo flights; and
(b) advanced training flights; and
(c) recommend a flight test under the direct or indirect supervision of an Instructor
Grade 1.
3.1.2.3 Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Grade 1
A rating authorising the holder to conduct training IAW the ABF pilot training syllabus
3.1.3 The types of balloon appointments which may be made are as follows:
3.1.3.1 Examiner Private Pilot (Balloon) Grade 3
An appointment authorising the recipient to conduct theory examinations.
Operations Manual
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements: 14 pages
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Page S3 - 1
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
3.1.3.2 Examiner Private Pilot (Balloon) Grade 2
An appointment authorising the recipient to:
(a) conduct theory examinations; and
(b) mark theory examinations.
3.1.3.3 Examiner Private Pilot (Balloon) Grade 1
An appointment authorising the recipient to:
(a) conduct theory examinations; and
(b) mark theory examinations; and
(c) conduct flight tests.
3.1.4 Endorsement to Certificates:
A Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate may be endorsed for:
(a) Gas balloons;
(b) Hot air airships;
(c) flight at night;
(d) flight in the vicinity of non-towered aerodromes; and
(e) flight in Class C or D airspace.
3.1.5 Endorsement to Logbook:
The holder of a Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate may have his/her logbook endorsed for:
(a) certification of competency to fly a balloon, which has a capacity greater than 120,000
c.ft (3,400 c.m). (Refer 3.3.2 (h) Flight Privileges and Limitations of this manual).
The certification can be made only by:
(i)
an Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Grade 2 or 1 who is similarly endorsed; or
(ii) the Operations Manager.
(Refer to section 10 Syllabi of this manual for syllabus).
(b)
Certification of competency to fly a balloon in class C controlled airspace and a class
D control zone. (Refer 3.3.2 (f) Flight Privileges and Limitations of this manual).
The certification can be made only by:
(i)
an Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Grade 2 or 1 who is similarly endorsed and
authorised for the purpose by the Operations Manager; or
(ii) the Operations Manager.
3.2
Student Pilot (Balloon) Certificate
A certificate authorising the holder to receive practical flight instruction in balloons which
have a capacity of not more than 120,000 c.ft (3,400 c.m) and to increase the standard of
skill to that required for the issue of a private pilot (balloon) certificate or a higher category
or to engage in flying practice for the re-issue of a balloon pilot certificate.
3.2.1
Issue
An applicant for a Student Pilot (Balloon) Certificate must:
(a) Be a financial member of the ABF; and
(b) Be able to read, speak and understand the English language; and
(c) Have attained the age of 15 years; and
(d) Forward to the ABF, a completed application form/medical declaration and such fee
or fees as determined by the ABF Committee.
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements: 14 pages
Operations Manual
Page S3 - 2
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
3.2.2
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements
Flight Privileges and Limitations
The holder of a Student Pilot (Balloon) Certificate may exercise the privileges specified in
paragraph 3.1.1.1 (above) subject to the following limitations:
(a) Must not manipulate the controls of a balloon unless under the direct supervision of
an ABF Instructor.
(b) Notwithstanding paragraph (a) above may, conduct solo flight training exercises
provided that:
(i) The flight is under the observation of an ABF Instructor grade 2 or 1; and
(ii) No passengers are carried; and
(iii) The theory exams in Aerostatics and Airmanship, Flight Rules and Procedures
must be satisfactorily completed; and
(iv) The student holds an ABF Radio Operators (Balloon) Certificate or a CASA Flight
Radiotelephone Operator Licence.
(c) Notwithstanding paragraph (b) above, the holder of a Student Pilot (Balloon)
Certificate may manipulate the controls of a balloon carrying passengers provided
that:
(i) The student is under the direct supervision of an ABF Instructor on board the
balloon; and
(ii) The flight training exercise requires the presence of passengers for loading or
passenger management considerations; and
(iii) Emergency procedures involving disruption of the fuel supply or intentionally
heavy landings are not practised; and
(iv) The passengers do not contribute in any way to the cost of the flight.
(Refer Section 6 –Operational Procedures, para. 6.7)
Note: For the purposes of 3.2.2 (c) the holder of a SP(B)C or PP(B)C may be
regarded as a crewmember rather than as a passenger.
3.2.3
Logging of Flight Time and Exercises
The holder of a Student Pilot (Balloon) Certificate must:
(a) Record all flight time in the ABF logbook or a ABF approved logbook; and
(b) Record every flight in the course of instruction in the appropriate logbook columns,
using one line for every flight; and
(c) Ensure that flight time is not logged as instructional flight time unless physically
operating the controls of the balloon under the supervision of an ABF Instructor or
demonstration of flight exercises by the instructor.
Note: Instructor demonstration time should be minimal; and
(d) Ensure that at the satisfactory completion of each Flight Training Exercise as
specified in the ABF Pilot Training Manual, the instructor supervising that exercise,
also signs and enters details of exercises completed in the ABF Student Training
Record and completes the debrief page; and
(e) Ensure that the “Flight Training Exercises Completed to a Competent Standard” sheet
is signed by both student and instructor when both are satisfied that exercises are
completed to a competent standard.
3.2.4
Student Experience
A person not in possession of a Student Pilot (Balloon) Certificate may fly under the direct
supervision of a ABF Instructor and providing that he/she has attained the age of 15 years
log, instructional flight time up to a maximum total of two hours.
Operations Manual
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements: 14 pages
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Page S3 - 3
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
3.2.5 Validity
A Student Pilot (Balloon) Certificate remains in force whilst the holder is a financial member
of the ABF, unless suspended, cancelled or otherwise varied by the Operations Manager or
ABF Committee.
3.3
Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate
A certificate authorising the holder to act as pilot in command of a balloon in private
operations.
3.3.1 Issue
An applicant for a Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate must:
(a) Be a financial member of the ABF, and
(b) Hold a valid Student Pilot (Balloon) Certificate, and
(c) Hold a ABF Radio Operators (Balloon) Certificate, or
(d) Hold a CASA Flight Radiotelephone Operator Licence and CASA medical; and
(e) Have attained the age of 16 years; and
(f)
Have completed the ABF examinations in Flight Rules and Procedures, Meteorology,
Aerostatics and Airmanship, Navigation, Code of Conduct, Radio Operators (Balloon)
Certificate.
(The syllabi of which are specified at section 10 Syllabi of this manual.); and
(g) Have passed all examinations within two years and one month prior to successfully
completing a PP(B)C flight test; and
(h) Have completed the Flight Training Exercises to a competent standard as listed in
section 10 Syllabi of this manual; and
(i)
Complete a minimum of 16 hours instructional flight time under either the direct
supervision (dual flight) or observation (solo flight) of an appropriate ABF Instructor
before submitting to a flight test with an appropriate ABF Examiner. The 16 hours
must consist of at least six flights including inflation and deflation by the student,
instructional or solo flight time excludes any time during which the balloon is at rest on
the ground and will comprise the following:
(i)
A minimum of nine hours dual flight; and
(ii) A minimum of 15 minutes of tether flight; and
(iii) A maximum of one hour of tether flight; and
(iv) A minimum of two hours solo flight consisting of three flights, two of which must
occur on separate days; and
(j)
In the twelve months immediately prior to making the application have completed at
least three flights including inflation and deflation; and
(k) Have successfully completed a dual flight test of at least 30 minutes duration with an
appropriate ABF examiner, and a solo flight test of at least 20 minutes duration under
the observation of an appropriate ABF Examiner. The order in which these flights are
conducted is at the discretion of the appropriate ABF Examiner; and
(l)
Forward to the ABF:
(i)
Completed application form/medical declaration (available from “Documents” on
ABF website www.abf.net.au or the ABF office) signed by an appropriate ABF
Examiner certifying that all the requirements for the issue of the certificate have
been met; and
(ii)
Payment of such fee or fees as determined by the ABF Committee; and
(iii) A copy of the ABF Student Training Record (preferably in PDF format)
confirming completion of all training requirements as stipulated in this manual;
and
(iv) A copy of the relevant pages of the ABF logbook or an ABF approved logbook
(preferably in PDF format); and
(v) A copy of FROL with CASA medical if a RO(B)C is not held.
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements: 14 pages
Operations Manual
Page S3 - 4
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements
3.3.2 Flight Privileges and Limitations
A Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate authorises the holder to act as pilot in command (PIC) of
a balloon, subject to the following:
(a) The holder of a Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate must not operate a hot air balloon
unless they also hold an:
(i)
ABF Radio Operator (Balloon) Certificate; or
(ii) CASA Flight Radiotelephone Operator Licence.
Advisory Note: Persons exercising the privileges of a CASA Flight Radiotelephone
Operator Licence must hold a current CASA medical certificate.
(b) The holder of a PP(B)C must maintain a log providing a record (date, balloon
registration, duration and route) of all flights in an ABF logbook or an ABF approved
logbook.
(c) The pilot in command of a balloon from which a parachute descent is made must:
(i) Have at least 75 hours experience as pilot in command of balloons; and
(ii) Ensure that:
 There is no risk of the aircraft becoming fouled by the parachutists or any of
their equipment; and
 The operation will impose no adverse stress on any part of the aircraft
structure; and
 No loose objects are carried in the aircraft which if dropped would constitute a
danger to persons or property on the ground; and
 All operations are conducted in accordance with the requirements of CASA
and the APF or appropriate parachuting organisation.
(d) The holder of a PPC must not engage in aerial work or charter operations unless
holding an Australian Commercial Pilot (Balloon) Licence (CP(B)L) and operating
under an Air Operators Certificate (AOC) issued by CASA.
(e) Operations by a PP(B)C holder in any area where the carriage and use of
aeronautical VHF radio is required, may only be conducted if the pilot in command
holds an ABF Radio Operator (Balloon) Certificate or, a CASA Flight Radiotelephone
Operator Licence and makes transmissions in accordance with the requirements of
the AIP.
Advisory note: For areas where VHF radio is required refer to CAO 95.54 para 6.2 and
CAAP 166-1
(f)
Operations by a PP(B)C holder in a Class C and D control zone will only be permitted
after a logbook endorsement for that specific control zone has been made by:
(i) An instructor authorised for the purpose by the Operations Manager. Such
logbook endorsement may only be made after successful completion of a
check flight within the specific control zone; or
(ii) The Operations Manager.
Advisory note:
Any pilot wishing to operate in controlled airspace or over urban areas will need to
comply with all the requirements of the CAO's and CAR's (including CASA
permission) and the general provisions of the AIP which normally include: carriage
and use of radio and of a mode C transponder.
Furthermore, particular attention should be paid to local government requirements
such as land use permission and higher than usual insurance requirements.
(g)
Night flights may only be conducted by pilots who have their certificate endorsed for
night flight. Applicants for this endorsement must apply to the Operations Manager.
The general requirement will be that they:
(i)
have 75 hours pilot in command (balloons); and
(ii) have satisfactorily completed Night Flight theory.
(The syllabi of which is specified at section 10 Syllabi of this manual.); and
Operations Manual
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements: 14 pages
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Page S3 - 5
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
(iii)
(h)
have satisfactorily completed night flight training with an ABF Instructor Grade 2
or 1 who has a night flight endorsement.
(The syllabi of which is specified at section 10 Syllabi of this manual.)
Night flights must comply with Section 6 Operational Procedures, para 6.6 of this
manual.
The holder of a PP(B)C must not act as pilot in command of a balloon that has a
capacity greater than 120,000 c.ft (3,400 c.m) unless he/she has:
(i)
satisfactorily completed a “Certification of competency to fly a balloon, which
has a capacity greater than 120,000 cu ft (3,400 cu m)” theory.
(The syllabi of which is specified at section 10 Syllabi of this manual.); and
(ii) satisfactorily completed “Certification of competency to fly a balloon, which has
a capacity greater than 120,000 cu ft (3,400 cu m)” training with an ABF
Instructor Grade 2 or 1 that has a night endorsement.
(The syllabi of which is specified at section 10 Syllabi of this manual.);and
(iii) had his/her logbook endorsed for certification of competency to fly a balloon,
which has a capacity greater than 120,000 c.ft (3,400 c.m) by:
(1) an Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Grade 2 or 1 who is similarly endorsed;
or
(2) the Operations Manager
A completed Flight Check Record (available from “Documents” on the ABF website
www.abf.net.au or the ABF office) is to be forwarded to the ABF office for recording
purposes.
3.3.3 Private balloon pilot: Recreational balloon flight review required
Recreational balloon flight review means a review of the aeronautical skills and
aeronautical knowledge of the person being reviewed that is relevant to the safe flight of
balloons in sport or private operations.
3.3.3.1 From 31st December 2014 the holder of a Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate must not fly a
balloon as pilot in command if the pilot has not, within the period of 2 years immediately
before the day of the proposed flight, satisfactorily completed a recreational balloon flight
review.
3.3.3.2 A recreational balloon flight review:
(a) must be conducted only by an approved person whose balloon pilot certifications are
current and valid, and
(b) must be conducted with the approved person on board; or
(c) notwithstanding (b) where the balloon the pilot had flown the most time during the last
ten flights, is a single person balloon, the review may be conducted by the approved
person by observation from the ground or another balloon, and
(d) must be conducted in a balloon that has a capacity not greater than 120,000 c.ft
(3,400 c.m) unless endorsed to act as PIC for a balloon of greater capacity and the
approved person is similarly endorsed; and
(e) must include at least 1 inflation of the balloon envelope, 30 minutes of flight time and
1 deflation of the balloon envelope.
(f)
May, where due to time and/or distance constraints, the approved person is unable to
physically observe the operations of a certificate holder for the purpose of carrying out
a recreational flight review under this section, utilise a video (Action Video Camera or
similar), provided that:
(i)
the video is unedited; and
(ii) the video is time and date stamped; and
(iii) footage shows the pilots face and the pilot states:
 Date; and
 Balloon registration; and
 Location; and
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements: 14 pages
Operations Manual
Page S3 - 6
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements
 Purpose of the flight i.e. Flight Review; and
the video clearly shows the satisfactory completion of the flying sequences
nominated by the examining person; and
approval is obtained from the Operations Manager; and
the footage is forwarded to the ABF office as an official record of the review.
approved person above means:
(a) an ABF instructor who has accumulated at least 75 hours pilot-in-command of
balloons; or
(b) the Operations Manager.
3.3.3.3 If the holder of a Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate undertakes a recreational balloon flight
review and the requirements of 3.3.3.2 above are not satisfied, the pilot is taken not to have
satisfactorily completed the review.
3.3.3.4 If the holder of a Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate satisfactorily completes a recreational
balloon flight review, the approved person conducting the review must make an entry in the
pilot’s personal log book to the effect that the pilot has satisfactorily completed the review.
3.3.3.5 A holder of a Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate who, within the period of 2 years immediately
before the day of the proposed flight, has:
(a) passed a flight test conducted for the purpose of:
(i) the issue of a private (balloon) pilot certificate; or
(ii) the issue of a commercial balloon licence; or
(iii) the issue or renewal of a instructor private pilot (balloon) rating; or
(iv) the issue or renewal of a commercial flight instructor (balloon) rating; or
(v) has satisfactorily completed a commercial (balloon) pilot flight review; or
(b) passed a flight check for the purpose of:
(i) maintaining the currency of a private (balloon) pilot certificate; or
(ii) regaining the currency of a private (balloon) pilot certificate; or
(iii) operating in controlled airspace; or
(iv) operating at night; or
(v) operating a balloon that has a capacity greater than 120,000 c.ft (3,400 c.m);or
(c) satisfactorily completed balloon conversion training conducted by the holder of a
grade of instructor rating that allows them to conduct a flight review;
is taken to have satisfactorily completed a recreational balloon flight review.
3.3.3.6 A completed PP(B)C Balloon Flight Review Form (Form ABF 009 available from
“Documents” on the ABF website www.abf.net.au or the ABF office) is to be forwarded to
the ABF office for recording purposes.
3.3.4
Examination Credits
Credits for all or some theory examinations except Flight Rules and Procedures,
Aerostatics and Airmanship and Code of Conduct may be granted to:
(a) Persons who, in the opinion of the Operations Manager hold or have held flight crew
licence qualifications which warrant exemption from the requirement to sit some of the
theory examinations (status may be granted for: Meteorology and Navigation);
(b) Overseas pilots (Refer section 4 this manual).
Advisory Note: Persons seeking to obtain theory examination credits should make
application to the ABF providing proof of current or previously held qualifications.
Operations Manual
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements: 14 pages
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Page S3 - 7
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements
3.3.5
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
Validity
A Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate will remain in force whilst the holder is a financial
member of the ABF, unless suspended, cancelled or otherwise varied by the Operations
Manager or ABF Committee
3.3.6 Currency
3.3.6.1 The holder of a Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate must not act as pilot in command (PIC) of
a hot air balloon and will become non-current unless he/she has:
(a) Flown as pilot in command at least three hours and made at least three flights including
inflation and deflation in the previous 12 months; or
(b) Satisfactorily completed a flight check with an ABF Instructor grade 2 or 1 within the
preceding 90 days.
For 3.3.6.1 (b) above a completed Flight Check Record (available from “Documents” on the
ABF website www.abf.net.au or the ABF office) is to be forwarded to the ABF office for
recording purposes.
3.3.6.2 If the period of non-currency, is greater than one year the holder of a Private Pilot (Balloon)
Certificate must not operate a hot air balloon unless he/she has:
(a) Provided evidence of previous aerostat experience; and
(b) Satisfactorily completed a flight check with an ABF Instructor grade 2 or 1; and
(c) Demonstrated knowledge of sub section 10.2 Syllabus of training for ABF Private
Pilot (Balloon) Certificate of this manual.
For 3.3.6.2 (b) above a completed Flight Check Record (available from “Documents” on the
ABF website www.abf.net.au or the ABF office) is to be forwarded to the ABF office for
recording purposes.
3.3.6.3 If the period of non-currency, is greater than three years the holder of a Private Pilot
(Balloon) Certificate must not operate a hot air balloon unless he/she has:
(a) Provided evidence of previous aerostat experience; and
(b) Provided evidence of a flight check with an ABF Instructor grade 2 or 1; and
(c) Demonstrated knowledge of sub section 10.2 Syllabus of training for ABF Private
Pilot (Balloon) Certificate of this manual; and
(d) Resat and passed the ABF examinations as per sub sub section 3.3.1 item (f) of this
manual. All examinations must be completed before flight check at 3.3.6.3 (b) above.
For 3.3.6.3 (b) above a completed Flight Check Record (available from “Documents” on the
ABF website www.abf.net.au or the ABF office) is to be forwarded to the ABF office for
recording purposes.
3.4
Radio Operator (Balloon) Certificate
A certificate authorising the holder to operate a VHF radio for communication with other
aircraft and with ATC.
3.4.1
Issue
There are two alternate methods for the issue of a Radio Operator (Balloon) Certificate.
3.4.1.1 First method. The applicant for a Radio Operator (Balloon) Certificate must:
(a) Be a financial member of the ABF; and
(b) Demonstrate to an ABF Examiner the required standard in both the written and oral
radio examinations.
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements: 14 pages
Operations Manual
Page S3 - 8
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
(c)
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements
(Refer sub section 10.3 Syllabus of training for ABF Radio Operator (Balloon)
Certificate of this manual and ABF Pilot Training Manual for study notes.); and
Submit to the ABF Administrator, a completed application form, signed by the
Examiner, together with the application fee.
3.4.1.2 Second method. The applicant for a Radio Operator (Balloon) Certificate must:
(a) Be a financial member of the ABF; and
(b) Be the holder of a CASA Flight Radiotelephone Operator Licence; and
(c) Submit to the ABF Administrator, a completed application form, proof of the CASA
Flight Radiotelephone Operator Licence and medical, together with the application
fee.
3.4.2
Validity
Unless suspended, cancelled or otherwise varied by the Operations Manager or ABF
Committee, an ABF Radio Operator (Balloon) Certificate shall remain in force whilst the
holder is a financial member of the ABF.
3.5
Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Rating
A rating authorising the holder to conduct training to the ABF pilot training syllabus.
There are three grades of Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Ratings which may be issued.
3.5.1 Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Rating - (Grade 3,2 and 1).
3.5.1.1 Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Rating Grade 3 under the direct or indirect supervision of
an Instructor Grade 1 or 2, authorises the holder to:
(a) Conduct practical flight instruction in accordance with the syllabi of knowledge and
flight training exercises specified in sub sub Section 10.2.2 Syllabus for ABF Private
Pilot (Balloon) Certificate practical flight exercises of this manual limited to the
following flight exercises;
(i)
Preliminary; and
(ii)
Pre-flight; and
(iii) Flight Operations (Normal conditions) excluding first and subsequent solo
flights; and
(iv) In-flight procedures; and
(v) Emergencies; and
(b) Certify that the holder of a Student Pilot (Balloon) Certificate has satisfactorily
completed the flight training exercise listed at (a) above.
Advisory notes:
1.
A Grade 3 instructor may recommend a student for solo flight but must not
supervise or conduct a student solo.
2.
Grade 3 level is intended to give experienced pilots exposure to instructional
experience and also to increase access to basic flying training for students.
3.5.1.2 Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Rating Grade 2 authorises the holder to:
(a) Conduct both ground and flight instruction in accordance with the syllabi of knowledge
and flight training exercises specified in sub sub Section 10.2.2 Syllabus for ABF
Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate practical flight exercises of this Manual; and
(b) Certify that the holder of a Student Pilot (Balloon) Certificate has satisfactorily
completed a flight training exercise; and
(c) Recommend, under the direct or indirect supervision of an Instructor Grade 1 or the
Operations Manager, to an ABF Examiner that the holder of a Student Pilot (Balloon)
Certificate is of a standard to attempt a flight test; and
Operations Manual
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements: 14 pages
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Page S3 - 9
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements
(d)
(e)
(f)
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
Provided the instructor is similarly endorsed, conduct both ground and flight
instruction for and make recommendation to the Operations Manager to endorse a
Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate holder for;
(i)
Gas balloons; or
(ii) Hot air airships; or
(iii) flight at night; or
(iv) flight lower than 2,000 feet above the aerodrome elevation while flying within 3
nautical miles of any certified or registered aerodrome; or
(v) flight in Class C or D airspace; and
Provided the instructor is similarly endorsed, conduct both ground and flight
instruction for and endorse a Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate holders logbook for
certification of competency to fly a balloon, which has a capacity greater than 120,000
c.ft (3,400 c.m); and
Provided the instructor is similarly endorsed and authorised for the purpose by the
Operations Manager, conduct both ground and flight instruction for and endorse a
Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate holders logbook for certification of competency to fly
a balloon, in controlled air space.
(Refer 3.3.2 (e) Flight Privileges and Limitations of this manual)
3.5.1.3 Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Rating Grade 1 authorises the holder to:
(a) Conduct both ground and flight instruction in accordance with the syllabi of knowledge
and flight training exercises specified in sub sub Section 10.2.2 Syllabus for ABF
Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate practical flight exercises of this Manual; and
(b) Certify that the holder of a Student Pilot (Balloon) Certificate has satisfactorily
completed a flight training exercise; and
(c) Recommend to an ABF Examiner that the holder of a Student Pilot (Balloon)
Certificate is of a standard to attempt a flight test; and
(d) Provided the instructor is similarly endorsed, conduct both ground and flight
instruction for and make recommendation to the Operations Manager to endorse a
Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate holder for;
(i)
Gas balloons; or
(ii)
Hot air airships; or
(iii) flight at night; or
(iv) flight lower than 2 000 feet above the aerodrome elevation while flying within 3
nautical miles of any certified or registered aerodrome; or
(v) flight in Class C or D airspace; and
(e) Provided the instructor is similarly endorsed, conduct both ground and flight
instruction for and endorse a Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate holders logbook for
certification of competency to fly a balloon, which has a capacity greater than 120,000
c.ft (3,400 c.m); and
(f)
Provided the instructor is similarly endorsed and authorised for the purpose by the
Operations Manager, conduct both ground and flight instruction for and endorse a
Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate holders logbook for certification of competency to fly
a balloon, in controlled air space.
(Refer 3.3.2 (e) Flight Privileges and Limitations of this manual)
3.5.2 Issue
3.5.2.1 An applicant for an Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Rating Grade 3 must:
(a) Have been the current holder of a valid Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate or overseas
equivalent, for a period of at least two years; and
(b) Have a minimum of 50 hours Pilot in Command ; and
(c) Demonstrate to an Instructor Grade 2 or 1 basic instructional skills and show
evidence of good airmanship; and
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements: 14 pages
Operations Manual
Page S3 - 10
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
(d)
(e)
(f)
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements
Attain a level of competency to be able to:
(i)
Give ground lessons, pre-flight and post flight briefings on any or all parts of sub
sub Section 10.2.2 Syllabus for ABF Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate practical
flight exercises of this Manual.
(Refer to ‘Instructor Assessment’ item 7 in the Instructor Training manual); and
(ii) Accurately present all aspects of the syllabus with explanations adjusted to suit
the individual; and
Demonstrate an ability to assess a student’s understanding of syllabus topics; and
Submit an application form to the ABF Administrator, certified by the Instructor Grade
2 or 1 for consideration by the Operations Manager.
A holder of an ABF Balloon Pilot Instructor Certificate may be issued an Instructor Private
Pilot (Balloon) Rating Grade 3 by the Operations Manager.
Advisory note:
It is preferred that the assessment at (c) above be carried out at an organised
training event/meeting.
3.5.2.2 An applicant for an Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Rating Grade 2 must:
(a) Have been the current holder of a valid Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate or overseas
equivalent, for a period of at least two years; and
(b) Have substantially trained at least two Students as a Grade 3 instructor; and
(c) Have a minimum of 75 hours aeronautical experience in balloons as pilot in
command; and
(d) Resit and attain a pass in the written theory exams (the required pass mark is 5%
higher than student requirement in each subject). Specified in sub sub Section 10.2.1
Syllabus for ABF Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate theory examinations of this
manual; and
(e) Satisfactorily demonstrate to an ABF Examiner the ability to impart the theory
specified in sub sub section 10.2.2 Syllabus for ABF Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate
practical flight exercises of this manual particularly demonstrating skills gained from
instructor Section 8 & 9 of the Instructor Training Manual; and
(f)
Have satisfactorily completed flight tests with an ABF examiner, comprising the
following:
(i)
Flight test of at least 30 minutes duration, instructing a student (simulated or
actual student), incorporating pre-exercise briefing and follow-up debriefing
analysis of the students’ performance; and
(ii) Flight test of at least 30 minutes duration demonstrating a high degree of skill,
airmanship, flight management, situational awareness and an ability to recover
from unusual situations; and
(g) Submit an application form to the ABF Administrator, certified by the Examiner for
consideration by the Operations Manager, complete with ABF Instructor assessment
form (IA-1).
A holder of an ABF Balloon Pilot Instructor Certificate may be issued an Instructor Private
Pilot (Balloon) Rating Grade 2 by the Operations Manager.
Advisory Notes:
1.
The level of competency required is to be able to give instruction on all Flying
Exercises as listed in the Student Training Record. The Instructor grade 2
applicant must satisfy an examiner that he/she can impart knowledge, assess
and correct student faults and display a high level of airmanship. The applicant
must be able to fly any of the same exercises in a skilled manner. The relevant
standard is set out in the Instructor Assessment Form (part 7 of ABF Instructor
Manual). Each segment of the flight is assessed by the examiner to achieve a
competent result for all exercises.
Operations Manual
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements: 14 pages
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Page S3 - 11
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements
2.
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
The re-sit of the examinations and the flight test must be completed within a 90day period:
3.5.2.3 An applicant for an Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Rating Grade 1 must:
(a) Have been an active Instructor with a minimum of 1 year as a Grade 2 Instructor; and
(b) Have a minimum of 30 hours instruction time logged; and
(c) Accrued a point score of 20; and
(d) Submit an application form to the ABF Administrator, complete with documented
evidence of having satisfactorily completed the flight tests at paragraph 3.5.2.2 (f) (i)
and (ii) for assessment by the Operations Manager.
A holder of an ABF Balloon Pilot Instructor Certificate issued may be issued an Instructor
Private Pilot (Balloon) Rating Grade 1 by the Operations Manager.
Advisory Note:
Valid points may be earned as follows:
 Topic presentation to ABF members at approved training event/meeting
5 points
 One point for every 5 hrs instruction logged, up to max of
15 points
 Conducting a regional safety seminar, score
2 points
 Recognised prior learning or experience in flight instruction 5 points
 A Certificate IV in training and assessment, or other equivalent recognised
qualification in education
15 points
 Pass CASA CPL Balloon Exams
5 points
3.5.3
Validity
Unless suspended, cancelled or otherwise varied by the Operations Manager or the ABF
Committee, an Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Rating remains in force while the holder is a
financial member of the ABF.
3.5.3
Currency
3.5.3.1 The holder of an Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Rating Grade 3 must not exercise the
privileges extended by the certificate unless:
(a) Within the preceding 24 months he/she has demonstrated to an to an Instructor Class
2 or 1 their ability to impart:
(i)
The theoretical knowledge specified in the ABF Pilot Training Manual; and
(ii) The practical skills specified in the ABF Pilot Training Manual by way of a flight
test of not less than 30 minutes; and
(b) The flight test has been carried out in a balloon of 120,000 cubic feet or less; and
(c) The flight test has been recorded and signed by the instructor in the certificate
holders’ logbook; and
(d) A completed Flight Check Record (available from “Documents” on the ABF website
www.abf.net.au or the ABF office) has been forwarded to the ABF office for recording
purposes within 30 days of the flight check.
Notes:
1.
The flight check and assessment may be carried out up to 90 days prior to expiry of
the 24 months to avoid loss of continuity.
2.
Where situations such as geographic location make it difficult to revalidate, the
Operations Manager may assess individual cases for extensions of currency for up to
a maximum of 90 days. One only extension can be granted in any currency period.
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements: 14 pages
Operations Manual
Page S3 - 12
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
3.
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements
The holder of a Flight Instructor Certificate to which this section applies must not give
flight instruction unless:
(i)
He/she has flown as a pilot in command at least three hours and made at least
three flights including inflation and deflation in the previous 12 months; or
(ii) He/she has satisfactorily completed a flight check with an ABF Instructor Class
2 or 1 within the preceding 90 days.
3.5.3.2 The holder of an Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Rating Grade 2 & 1 must not exercise the
privileges extended by the rating unless:
(a) Within the preceding 24 months he/she has demonstrated to an Examiner Private
Pilot (Balloon) Grade 1 to successfully impart:
(i)
The theoretical knowledge specified in the ABF Pilot Training Manual; and
(ii) The practical skills specified in the ABF Pilot Training Manual by way of a flight
test of not less than 30 minutes; and
(b) The flight test has been carried out in a balloon of 120,000 cubic feet or less; and
(c) The flight test has been recorded and signed by the instructor in the certificate
holders’ logbook; and
(d) A completed Flight Check Record (available from “Documents” on the ABF website
www.abf.net.au or the ABF office) has been forwarded to the ABF office for recording
purposes within 30 days of the flight check.
Notes:
1.
The flight check and assessment may be carried out up to 90 days prior to expiry of
the 24 months to avoid loss of continuity;
2.
Where situations such as geographic location make it difficult to revalidate, the
Operations Manager may assess individual cases for extensions of currency for up to
a maximum of 90 days. One only extension can be granted in any currency period.
3.
The holder of a Flight Instructor Certificate to which this section applies must not give
flight instruction unless:
(i)
He/she has flown as a pilot in command at least three hours and made at least
three flights including inflation and deflation in the previous 12 months; or
(ii) He/she has satisfactorily completed a flight check with an Examiner Private Pilot
(Balloon) Grade 1 within the preceding 90 days.
3.6
Examiner Private Pilot (Balloon) Appointment.
An appointment authorising the recipient to examine or flight test to the ABF syllabus.
3.6.1
Examiner Private Pilot (Balloon) Appointment Grades.
There are three grades of Examiner Private Pilot (Balloon) appointment.
3.6.1.1 Examiner Private Pilot (Balloon) Appointment Grade 3.
Examiner Private Pilot (Balloon) Grade 3 appointment authorises the holder to
Conduct theory examinations.
3.6.1.2 Examiner Private Pilot (Balloon) Appointment Grade 2.
Examiner Private Pilot (Balloon) Grade 2 appointment authorises the holder to:
(a) Conduct theory and practical examinations; and
(b) Mark theory and practical examinations; and
3.6.1.3 Examiner Private Pilot (Balloon) Appointment Grade 1.
Examiner Private Pilot (Balloon) Grade 1 appointment authorises the holder to:
(a) Conduct theory and practical examinations; and
(b) Mark theory and practical examinations; and
(c) Conduct flight tests for initial issue or re-issue of a Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate;
and
Operations Manual
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements: 14 pages
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Page S3 - 13
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements
(d)
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
Conduct flight tests for initial issue or renewal of an Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon)
Rating.
Note: Unless specifically authorised by the Operations Manager, an ABF Examiner must
not conduct the flight test specified in paragraph 3.3.1(j) of this Section where the
applicant has been trained principally by that Examiner.
3.6.2 Issue
3.6.2.1 A candidate for an Examiner Private Pilot (Balloon) Appointment Grade 3 must be
appointed by the Operations Manager or his/her delegate.
3.6.2.2 A candidate for an Examiner Private Pilot (Balloon) Appointment Grade 2 must;
(a) Be the holder of a valid Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Rating Grade 2 or 1
(b) Be appointed by the Operations Manager subject to the approval of at least three
members of the Advisory Panel where the need for such an appointment is
recognised.
A holder of an ABF Balloon Pilot Theory Examiner Certificate may be appointed an
Examiner Private Pilot (Balloon) Appointment Grade 2 by the Operations Manager.
3.6.2.3 A candidate for an Examiner Private Pilot (Balloon) Appointment Grade 1 must:
(a) Be the holder of a valid Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Rating Grade 1 who has;
(i)
a minimum of 40 hours flight instructional experience as pilot in command of a
free balloon; or
(ii) More than 200 hours flight instructional experience as pilot in command of an
aircraft, of which at least 20 hours must be instructional experience as pilot in
command of a free balloon; and
(b) Be appointed by the Operations Manager subject to the approval of at least three
members of the Advisory Panel where the need for such an appointment is
recognised
A holder of an ABF Balloon Pilot Flight Examiner Certificate may be appointed an Examiner
Private Pilot (Balloon) Appointment Grade 1 by the Operations Manager.
Advisory Note: Unlike certificates, ratings and endorsements, the Examiner Private
Pilot (Balloon) Appointment should not be sought simply as a personal goal. An
Examiner is expected to maintain and help to improve ballooning standards and to be
accessible to all ABF members.
3.6.3 Duration of appointment
Unless suspended, cancelled or varied by the Operations Manager or the ABF Committee,
an Examiner Private Pilot (Balloon) Appointment shall remain in force for the period the
holder continues to hold a current Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Rating.
Section 3 Certificates, Ratings, Appointments and Endorsements: 14 pages
Operations Manual
Page S3 - 14
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
Section 10 Syllabi
Section 10 - Syllabi
Syllabi of training for ABF ballooning certificates, ratings, endorsements and miscellaneous flights.
10.1 Syllabus of training for ABF Student Pilot (Balloon) Certificate.
There is no syllabus of training required for the issue of an ABF Student Pilot (Balloon)
certificate.
10.2 Syllabus of training for ABF Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate.
The syllabus of training for the ABF Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate includes theory exams
and practical flight exercises.
10.2.1 Syllabus for ABF Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate theory examinations:
10.2.1.1
AEROSTATICS AND AIRMANSHIP
10.2.1.1.1
Airmanship
(a)
10.2.1.1.2
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
10.2.1.1.3
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(l)
Identify typical actions and personal attributes which contribute to good airmanship.
Principles of Flight
Names and functions of balloon components - envelope, basket, fuel systems and
accessories.
Definitions of - buoyancy, false lift, terminal descent, ballast, overheat, vent,
differential temperature, kinetic energy, momentum, inertia.
Relationship between buoyancy and atmospheric factors - ambient temperature,
altitude, humidity.
Importance of atmospheric stability to balloon flight - safety considerations in relation
to atmospheric instability.
Balloon Operations
Be familiar with typical flight limitations, including damage limits to preclude flight, as
found in a manufacturer's flight manual.
Be familiar with emergency procedures detailed in a typical manufacturer's flight
manual and emergencies in general.
Given a typical load chart, launch field elevation and ambient temperature calculate
the load limit for a specific balloon size at a particular altitude (or the maximum safe
altitude given the balloon size and all up weight). Understand the limitation of
maximum all up weight.
Recognise elements of a typical fuel system in a schematic drawing.
Principles of fuel management, including fixed and variable fuel reserves.
Refuelling - correct procedures and safety requirements.
Properties and hazards of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and emergency procedures.
Typical balloon controls, control reaction time (delay) and the importance of
anticipating this.
False lift and how to counteract it.
Tethered balloon operations - safety procedures and use of ropes.
Launch rope and quick release - requirements for use and safety procedures.
Inflation fan safety procedures.
Operations Manual
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Section 10 Syllabi: 12 pages
Page S10 - 1
Section 10 Syllabi
(m)
(n)
(o)
(p)
10.2.1.1.4
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
Relationship of burner output to fuel pressure and importance of the fuel pressure
gauge.
Minimum checklists and briefings which must be carried out before take-off, during
flight, before and after landing.
Procedures for landing with higher than normal wind speed and/or descent rate.
Positive deflation systems - advantages and safety considerations.
Balloon Performance
Use of instruments to measure flight parameters - altimeter, variometer (rate of climb
indicator), temperature gauge (ambient and envelope), pressure gauge, fuel contents
gauge and clock.
Variation in control reaction time in relation to burner power, total mass or inertia of
the system and other factors.
Differing kinetic energy levels with fast and slow landings and with different size
balloons and loads.
Rates of climb and descent in reference to obstacle clearance.
Factors affecting flight duration - high envelope temperature, altitude and load, heat
loss from venting, climbs, rain, fabric porosity, solar heat input, radiant, conductive
and convective heat output.
10.2.1.2 NAVIGATION
10.2.1.2.1 General
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(l)
Know the units of measurement used in air navigation for speed, distance,
direction, height and wind velocity.
Understand the terms - magnetic deviation, magnetic variation and isogonal.
Be familiar with - World Aeronautical Charts, En Route Charts, Visual Terminal
Charts, Visual Navigation Charts, Planning Chart Australia and Topographic
Survey Maps.
Know conventional signs on Visual Terminal Charts, Visual Navigation Charts and
Topographic Survey Maps.
On a Visual Terminal Chart or Topographic Survey Map know how to measure a
nominated position to an accuracy of one minute of arc of latitude and longitude.
Be able to mark a position for which latitude and longitude is given.
On a Topographic Survey Map know how to give a six or eight figure grid
reference for a nominated position. Be able to mark a position for which a grid
reference is given.
Convert a true bearing to a magnetic bearing and understand the terms - heading,
course, track, fix and dead reckoning position.
Be able to express time and date as a six, eight or ten figure group.
Convert Australian Standard Times to UTC and UTC to Australian Standard
Times.
Given latitude and longitude determine the beginning and end of daylight for a
location in Australian. Know local factors which can cause daylight to end sooner
than determined.
Be able to calculate ground speed, fuel used, fuel required and fuel remaining.
Given conversion factors convert:
IMP Gallons/US Gallons/Litres,
Pound/Kilograms,
Nautical miles/Kilometres,
Statute miles Degree F/Degree C,
Feet/Metres.
Section 10 Syllabi: 12 pages
Page S10 - 2
Operations Manual
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
(m)
(n)
Section 10 Syllabi
Calculate rate of descent given total descent and either estimated time interval or
distance to run and ground speed.
Match the terms QNH, Area QNH, AGL, AMSL, standard pressure, height,
elevation, altitude, transition altitude, transition layer and transition height with their
definitions. Select appropriate altimeter subscale settings for specified operational
conditions.
10.2.1.2.2 Flight Planning Pre-flight
(a)
(b)
(c)
With forecast wind at various flight levels and specified flight altitude plan predict
average tracks and position after specified periods (ignore time taken to change
levels).
With forecast wind and specified maximum distance specify maximum flight duration.
Given usable fuel, consumption in litres or kilograms per hour and wind velocity plot
probable landing position and from maps state if projected area is suitable. Give
reason and fuel reserve.
10.2.1.2.3 Flight Planning In-flight
(a)
(b)
Use protractor to calculate course given take-off position and present position.
Calculate ground speed from present position, take-off position and flight time and
predict position after further specified flight time.
10.2.1.3
METEOROLOGY
10.2.1.3.1
General
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
10.2.1.3.2
Be familiar with the different ways to obtain public and aviation forecasts and reports
by telephone, fax and internet.
Given the AIP and details of a particular operational situation, identify the types of
aviation weather forecasts and weather reports that are available for the flight. Be
able to decode/understand a written Area Forecast, TAF, TTF, METAR and SPECI.
Match the terms isobar, inversion, lapse rate, dew point, pressure gradient, air
temperature, relative humidity, fog and geostrophic wind with their appropriate
definitions.
On a mean sea level synoptic chart of Australia showing typical synoptic situations for
given seasons, identify and match each of these features with a description of the
associated general weather characteristics:
High and low pressure systems
Warm and cold fronts
A ridge of high pressure
A trough of low pressure
A tropical revolving storm
Wind directions associated with the pressure systems.
Recognise from a series of photographs the various cloud types. Describe the flying
conditions associated with each type and the levels at which they may be found.
Forecast weather conditions
Identify the conditions under which the following weather phenomena may occur and the
actions required to avoid or counteract the related effects and hazards on ballooning
operations:
(a) Thunderstorms
(b) Low level temperature inversions and fog
(c) Mountain waves (standing waves and rotors)
Operations Manual
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Section 10 Syllabi: 12 pages
Page S10 - 3
Section 10 Syllabi
(d)
(e)
10.2.1.3.3
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
Low level wind shear especially in relation to balloons taking off and landing
Sea breezes and vertical thermal convection currents.
Micro Meteorology
Identify the conditions under which the following micro meteorological weather phenomena
may occur and the actions required to avoid or counteract the related effects and hazards
on ballooning operations:
(a) Anabatic and katabatic winds and drainage flow
(b) Strengthening of winds up slopes and over ridges
(c) Curl-over in lee of ridges and escarpments
(d) Down drafts and rotors on lee slopes in lee wave conditions
(e) Curl-over and wind shelter in the lee of tree belts and woods
(f)
Cool air down drafts and microbursts (from showers and beneath virga associated
with convection clouds)
(g) Thermals and dust devils.
10.2.1.4
FLIGHT RULES AND PROCEDURES (AIR LEGISLATION)
10.2.1.4.1
Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate
Determine whether a balloon flight can be legally conducted in accordance with the
privileges and limitations of a Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate given various operational
situations.
10.2.1.4.2
(a)
(b)
(c)
10.2.1.4.3
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Aviation Documents
List the documents that must be carried in a balloon in Australia. Know that the
aircraft logbook must not be carried in the balloon.
Be familiar with the use of:
Civil Aviation Regulations and Orders
Civil Aviation Safety Regulations
Civil Aviation Advisory Publications
Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP Book) including SUP, AIC, NOTAMs
and charts
En Route Supplement Australia (ERSA)
ABF Operations Manual
Manufacturer’s Flight and Maintenance Manuals
Aircraft (Balloon) Log Book
Pilot Log Book
Understand which document/s take precedence in a given situation. Know the
procedure to follow in the case of conflict or ambiguity between applicable
documents.
Flight Rules
Know the rules for the prevention of collision between a balloon and other balloons
and aircraft in the air and on the ground including the requirement to give way to
balloons below.
Know the visual meteorological conditions (VMC) for balloons.
Using VHF radio and not using VHF radio
Know the minimum heights at which, under normal circumstances, a balloon may be
flown - Over a city, town or populous area and over any other area.
Match prohibited area, danger area and restricted area with their appropriate
definitions.
Section 10 Syllabi: 12 pages
Page S10 - 4
Operations Manual
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
10.2.1.4.4
(a)
(b)
10.2.1.4.5
Section 10 Syllabi
Airways Operations Organisations
Understand the role and responsibility of aviation authorities:
Civil Aviation Safety Authority
Airservices Australia
Australian Transport Safety Bureau.
Understand the functional difference between Flight Information Services and Air
Traffic Control services.
Airspace classification
Understand the terms controlled airspace, control area, control zone, military airspace, nontowered aerodrome, flight information area and flight information region. Be familiar with
airspace classes.
10.2.1.4.6
(a)
(b)
(c)
10.2.1.4.7
Aircraft Equipment
Know the altitude above which it is mandatory for the pilot of a balloon to use oxygen.
Know the flight level above which it is mandatory for oxygen to be available to all
passengers in a balloon.
Know the situations in which VHF airband radio must be carried and used in a balloon
and the minimum required qualification to operate the radio.
Carriage of Passengers and Cargo
Know the minimum information which must be included in a passenger pre-flight briefing in
respect of - passenger safety and comfort during flight, during landing and stowage of
equipment.
10.2.1.4.8
Reportable Matters (Accidents and Incidents)
Know the responsibilities of aircraft owners, operators and pilots regarding the notification
of reportable matters (accidents and incidents) to ATSB and the ABF.
10.2.1.4.9
Consumption of alcohol or drugs
Know the rules relating to the consumption of alcohol or drugs:
By operating crew and other persons on board a balloon.
Persons engaged in safety sensitive activities.
10.2.1.4.10
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Maintenance
Know the responsibilities of the registered operator and pilot of a balloon with respect
to:
Reporting unserviceability’s
Ensuring required maintenance is carried out by an appropriate person
Maintaining balloon maintenance records
Know how to determine whether a maintenance item may be carried out by:
A balloon pilot
A balloon Maintenance Authority holder
A Certificate of Approval holder
Match the terms Airworthiness Directive and Service Bulletin with the appropriate
definitions.
Know how to determine flight time and enter it in a pilot and balloon logbook.
Operations Manual
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Section 10 Syllabi: 12 pages
Page S10 - 5
Section 10 Syllabi
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
10.2.2 Syllabus for ABF Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate practical flight exercises:
10.2.2.1
(a)
(b)
(c)
10.2.2.2
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
10.2.2.3
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(l)
10.2.2.4
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
10.2.2.5
PRELIMINARY
Familiarisation with balloon equipment, controls and terminology.
Farmer/landowner relations (see Code of Conduct).
Familiarisation with refuelling techniques, procedures and safety measures.
PRE-FLIGHT
Obtaining meteorological forecast and appreciation of conditions.
Appreciation of downwind airspace, terrain and power line systems.
Passenger and crew briefings.
Choice of suitable launch site.
Rigging the balloon for flight and pre-flight inspection.
Inflation.
Pre-take-off checks.
Use of launch rope also hands on/hands off the basket exercise.
FLIGHT OPERATIONS (NORMAL CONDITIONS)
Take-off - slow climb out in light wind condition.
Level flight - effect of burner.
Climb and descent - effect of burner and vent.
Approach and overshoot from low level - awareness of powerlines.
Intermediate landing using vent.
Final landing using rip panel.
Flight to 4,000 feet AGL.
Experience terminal velocity descent.
Tethered flight - appreciation of hazards and precautions.
Note: 1 hour may be logged in total 16 hours required for Certificate issue.
Appreciation of the effect of variations in loading on balloon operations.
First solo flight.
Reserved.
IN-FLIGHT PROCEDURES
Use of maps and instruments - appreciation of position and movement of balloon.
Fuel management.
Considerations when operating in company with other balloons.
Observation of weather developments.
Detection of power line systems.
EMERGENCIES
Note:These situations are to be simulated where they cannot be put into practice
safely. The student pilot to demonstrate reactions in theory as required.
(a)
Pilot light failure and fuel supply problems.
(b)
Power lines and use of handling line.
(c)
Considerations of landing in difficult conditions - trees, water and confined spaces.
(d)
Emergency landing procedures and briefing for passengers.
(e)
Considerations of fuel leaks and fire in air and on ground.
Section 10 Syllabi: 12 pages
Page S10 - 6
Operations Manual
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
10.2.2.6
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
10.2.2.7
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
10.2.2.8
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Section 10 Syllabi
OPTIONAL FLIGHT OPERATIONS (Advanced conditions – not mandatory)
Take-off - fast climb-out from shelter in moderate wind.
Fast (or running) take-off in moderate wind, fast climb-out and descent.
Approach and overshoot from high level.
Landing at high descent rates.
Flight in mild thermal conditions.
Landing in moderate wind.
ENDORSEMENT FOR CAPACITY GREATER THAN 120,000 CU FT (3,400 CU M)
Accelerations due to increased mass and momentum.
Deflation systems.
Basket orientation - use of rotation vents, divided basket and passenger control
Burner - multiple burners, cross flow valves, manifolded and non-manifolded fuel
systems.
NIGHT FLIGHTS
Regulatory requirements
Flight planning
Permissions required.
Safety implications.
Visual concepts.
10.3 Syllabus of training for ABF Radio Operator (Balloon) Certificate.
The syllabus of training for the ABF Radio Operator (Balloon) Certificate includes theory
and practical examinations.
10.3.1
Syllabus for ABF Radio Operator (Balloon) Certificate theory examination:
10.3.1.1
Regulations and Organisation
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
10.3.1.2
Understand regulations of the International Telecommunications Union regarding:
Safety of life and priority of emergency transmissions
Requirement to assist persons in distress
Distress frequencies
Prohibited transmissions
Know the VHF aeronautical communication band and the qualifications which permit
operations on this band.
Know the privileges and limitations of the ABF Radio Operator (Balloon) Certificate.
Know pilot responsibilities to limit transmissions to:
Aircraft operational needs
English language
and to avoid:
Unauthorised, false or deceptive transmissions
Improper use of call signs
Profane or obscene language
Operational Situations
Know the operational requirements, appropriate frequency type and standard phrases to be
used in the following situations. Demonstrate examples of the appropriate calls in practice.
Operations Manual
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Section 10 Syllabi: 12 pages
Page S10 - 7
Section 10 Syllabi
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
General:
Difference between reports and broadcasts
Format for a position report
Requirements for maintaining a listening watch
Frequency change procedures
Uncontrolled airspace:
Awareness of aerodrome traffic patterns and typical calls
CTAF procedures at non-towered aerodromes
Instrument Approach aerodromes
Operations above 5000ft AMSL
Controlled airspace:
Obtain ATIS broadcast
Request or amend airways clearance
Read back requirements
Advise operations complete
CTAF procedures when tower is not operating
Emergency procedures:
Difference between distress and urgency situations
Distress message format
Urgency message format
Procedure on intercepting a distress or urgency message
Procedure for relaying a distress or urgency message
Communication failure procedures
Reporting of others in emergency
Remote area operations:
Use of emergency beacons
Mode C Transponder operations:
Requirement to use transponder in controlled airspace unless specifically
exempted
Controls and settings
Procedure to set and squawk IDENT
Emergency codes
10.3.2 Syllabus for ABF Radio Operator (Balloon) Certificate practical examination:
10.3.2.1
(a)
(b)
(c)
Practical Operations (VHF airband transceiver)
Be familiar with functions and controls:
Identify and select appropriate frequency
Establishment of listening watch prior to transmitting
Routine pre-flight test procedure
Fault finding procedures and correction of faults
Voice procedures and communications check
Prepare the transceiver for use:
Power supply including master switches where fitted
Replacement of batteries or fuses and resetting of circuit breakers
Visual indicators of battery level and other functions
Function selectors and microphone/headphone/speaker selection
Antennas and antenna systems
Placement of transceiver for most effective operation
Show practical knowledge of radio operations and procedure:
Ability to transmit and receive correctly
Microphone technique
International phonetic alphabet
Transmission of numerals
Procedural words and phrases
Section 10 Syllabi: 12 pages
Page S10 - 8
Operations Manual
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
(d)
Section 10 Syllabi
Know the propagation properties of VHF signals, the importance of effective line of
sight and typical reception range at various altitudes.
10.4 Syllabus of training for ABF Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon)
Rating.
The syllabus of training for the ABF Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Rating Grade 3 is
based on a demonstration of flying and instructing ability.
Instructor Grade 2 syllabus includes revision of PP(B)C theory, training theory and practical
flight training.
Instructor Grade 1 has no formal syllabus but acquires the rating based on experience and
a point scoring scheme as detailed in 3.5.2.3 of this manual.
10.4.1
ABF Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Rating Grade 3.
10.4.1.1
Syllabus for ABF Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Rating Grade 3 practical
flight training:









Demonstrable skills in ground training
An ability to review student experience and explain objectives of flight
Evaluate relevant operational and meteorological information
Justify or assess flight planning, route, landing options, airspace, etc.
Demonstrate or supervise passenger control and briefing
Understand and critique inflation and launch site safety
Demonstrable flying skills and airmanship
Application of ABF landowner relations and code of conduct
An ability to critique own performance and manage any weaknesses
10.4.2
ABF Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Rating Grade 2.
10.4.2.1
Syllabus for ABF Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Rating Grade 2 revision of
PP(B)C theory examinations.
The theory component is as listed for the ABF Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate (refer to
section 10.2.1) and is assessed by exam. Pass marks are 5% higher than that required for
the ABF Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate and are as follows.







ABF Code of Conduct
Aerostats and Airmanship
Navigation
Meteorology
Flight Rules and Procedures
Radio Operators (Balloon) Certificate (Theory)
Radio Operators (Balloon) Certificate (Practical)
85%
75%
75%
75%
75%
85%
85%
10.4.2.2
Syllabus for ABF Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Rating Grade 2 training
theory.
10.4.2.2.1
Principles of Instruction:




Your objective as a ballooning instructor
Two instructor essentials
Some more important qualities
How we learn
Operations Manual
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Section 10 Syllabi: 12 pages
Page S10 - 9
Section 10 Syllabi







10.4.2.2.2




10.4.2.3









10.4.3
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
Principles of effective instructing
Transferring responsibility
Standardising balloon instruction
Teaching safety
Communication
Constructive criticism
Troubleshooting
Methods of Instruction:
Planning the lesson
Familiarising with the balloon
Flight location and conditions
The training session and sequence
Syllabus for ABF Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Rating Grade 2 practical
flight training:
Demonstrable skills in ground training
An ability to review student experience and explain objectives of flight
Evaluate relevant operational and meteorological information
Justify or assess flight planning, route, landing options, airspace, etc.
Demonstrate or supervise passenger control and briefing
Understand and critique inflation and launch site safety
Demonstrable flying skills and airmanship
Application of ABF landowner relations and code of conduct
An ability to critique own performance and manage any weaknesses
ABF Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Rating Grade 1.
Instructor Private Pilot (Balloon) Rating Grade 1 has no formal syllabus but acquires the
rating based on experience and a point scoring scheme as detailed in 3.5.2.3 of this
manual.
10.5
Syllabus of training for ABF Endorsements to Certificates.
10.5.1
Syllabus of training for ABF Endorsement to Certificate for Gas Balloons:
There is currently no syllabus of training for ABF Endorsement to Certificate for Gas
Balloons.
10.5.2
Syllabus of training for ABF Endorsement to Certificate for Hot Air Airships:
There is currently no syllabus of training for ABF Endorsement to Certificate for Hot Air
Airships.
10.5.3
Syllabus of training for ABF Endorsement to Certificate for Night Flight:




Knowledge of minimum equipment for night operations
Understand critical flight planning requirements
Mandatory approvals/notifications required (ie CASA, NOTAMs)
Appreciation of fuel requirements and reserves
Section 10 Syllabi: 12 pages
Page S10 - 10
Operations Manual
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
Section 10 Syllabi
10.5.4
Syllabus of training for ABF Endorsement to Certificate for flight lower than
2,000 feet above the aerodrome elevation while flying within 3 nautical miles of
any certified or registered aerodrome.
10.5.4.1
Pre Flight Planning
10.5.4.2






Aerodrome Radio Procedure
Aerodrome briefing requirements
Mandatory radio requirements
Pilot responsibilities
Coordinating with other balloons
Broadcast scenarios
Broadcast format





Aerodrome Layout and Terminology
Parts of an aerodrome
Occupied runway
Details in ERSA
Runway signals
Runway identification






Aerodrome Circuit Operations, Rules and Airmanship
Good airmanship
Ground operations
Fixed wing circuit operations
Right of way priorities
Conflict avoidance
Landing, flying and launching consideration



Aerodrome Permission and Security
Restricted access arrangements
Contact other users
Proficiency and respect
10.5.4.3
10.5.4.4
10.5.4.5
10.5.5
Syllabus of training for ABF Endorsement to Certificate for flight in Class C or D
airspace





Interpret ERSA airfield data
Understand different communication frequencies
Interpret relevant NOTAMs
Manage clearance requests
SARWATCH procedures
Operations Manual
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Section 10 Syllabi: 12 pages
Page S10 - 11
Section 10 Syllabi
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
10.6
Syllabus of training for ABF Endorsements to Logbook.
10.6.1
Syllabus of training for ABF Endorsements to Logbook for certification of
competency to fly a balloon, which has a capacity greater than 120,000 cu ft
(3,400 cu m)





10.6.2
Additional resources required - crew etc.
Inertial changes - effects of mass
Reasons for minimum load requirements
Changes in fuel expectations
Physical size and clearances
Syllabus of training for ABF Endorsements to Logbook for Certification of
competency to fly a balloon in a class C and D control zone

Procedures between control tower and balloons
10.7
Syllabus of training for ABF miscellaneous flights.
10.7.1
Syllabus of training for ABF parachute descents from balloons.





Understand requirements of Australian Parachute Federation Inc.
Consideration of loading, including Minima
Understand balloon reaction to sudden load reduction
Appreciation of sky diver’s needs
Safety implications
Section 10 Syllabi: 12 pages
Page S10 - 12
Operations Manual
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
Appendix 1 Definitions and Abbreviations
Appendix 1 - Definitions and Abbreviations
A1.1 Commonly Used Abbreviations
The following are commonly used abbreviations which may be found in this Operations Manual,
Manufacturers Manuals, Aeronautical Charts and Publications, text books and teaching syllabi.
NOTE: As regulations change, there may be some alterations to this list; these changes may not
be included until the next Operations Manual review. Current abbreviations and definitions may
also be found in AIP GEN 2.2 on the Airservices Australia website. www.airservicesaustralia.com
AAC
Airworthiness Advisory Circular
ABF
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
AGL
Above Ground Level (Expressed in feet, unless stated otherwise)
AIP
Aeronautical Information Publication
AMSL
Above Mean Sea Level (Expressed in feet, unless stated otherwise)
AOC
Air Operators Certificate
APF
Australian Parachute Federation Inc
ARFOR
Area Forecast. (In aeronautical Meteorological Code)
ATC
Air Traffic Control
ATSB
Australian Transport Safety Bureau
AusSAR
Australian Search and Rescue
AUW
All up weight
BKN
Broken (cloud descriptor)
B050
Below 5,000 ft. AMSL
C
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade)
CAA
Civil Aviation Act 1988
CAAP
Civil Aviation Advisory Publication
CAO
Civil Aviation Order
CAR
Civil Aviation Regulations 1988
CASA
Civil Aviation Safety Authority
CASR
Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998
CAVOK:
Visibility 10 kilometres or more, no cloud below 5000 ft or below the highest
minimum sector altitude, whichever is the greater, and no cumulonimbus; and no
precipitation, thunderstorms, shallow fog, low drifting snow or dust devils.
CoA
Certificate of Airworthiness
CoR
Certificate of Registration
CP(B)L
Commercial Pilot (Balloons) Licence
CTAF
Common Traffic Advisory Frequency
CTR:
Control Zone
Operations Manual
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Appendix 1-Definitions and Abbreviations: 8 pages
Page A1 - 1
Appendix 1 Definitions and Abbreviations
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
D
Danger Area (Followed by number)
ERC
En Route Chart
ERSA
En Route Supplement Australia
ETA
Estimated Time of Arrival
FEW
Few (cloud descriptor)
FPM
Feet per minute
FROL
CASA Flight Radiotelephone Operator Licence
FT
Feet
GS
Ground speed
H24
Continuous day and night service
HDG
Heading
HJ
Sunrise to sunset
HN
Sunset to sunrise
hPa
Hectopascal
IAW
In Accordance With
ICAO
International Civil Aviation Organisation
IRM
Immediately Reportable Matter
KG
Kilograms
KM
Kilometres
KT
Knots
LAT
Latitude (Degrees North or South of the Equator)
LONG
Longitude (Degrees East or West of the Prime Meridian)
…M
Bearing or Course (Magnetic)
M
Metres (preceded by figures)
MAX
Maximum
MTOW
Maximum Take-off Weight
NM
Nautical Miles
NOTAM
Notice to Airmen. A notice containing information concerning the establishment,
condition or change in facility, service, procedure or hazard, which is essential to
personnel, concerned with flight operations.
OCTA
Outside Control Area / Outside Controlled Airspace
OVC
Overcast (cloud descriptor)
P…
Prohibited area. (followed by identification)
PAX
Passenger(s)
POB
Persons on Board
PP(B)C
Private Pilot (Balloon) Certificate
Appendix 1-Definitions and Abbreviations: 8 pages
Page A1 - 2
Operations Manual
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
Appendix 1 Definitions and Abbreviations
PVT
Private (As in type of Operation)
QNH
Altimeter subscale setting to obtain altitude
R
Restricted Area. (Followed by number)
RAD
Radius
RCC
Rescue Coordination Centre
RRM
Routinely Reportable Matter
SCT
Scattered (cloud descriptor)
SIGMET
Significant Meteorological information concerning Enroute Weather Phenomena
which may affect the safety of aircraft operations.
SP(B)C
Student Pilot (Balloons) Certificate
SPECI
Aviation Special Weather (in Aeronautical Meteorological Code)
SUP
Supplement. (AIP Supplement)
SZ
Sensitive Zone
...T
Bearing or Course (True)
TAF
Terminal Aerodrome Forecast
TR
Track
UHF
Ultra High Frequency (300-3,000 MHz)
U/S
Unserviceable
UTC
Co-ordinated Universal Time (formerly GMT, also Z – Zulu)
VFR
Visual Flight Rules
VHF
Very High Frequency (30-300 MHz)
VMC
Visual Meteorological Conditions
VNC
Visual Navigation Chart. Scale 1:500,000
VTC
Visual Terminal Chart.
WAC
World Aeronautical Chart. ICAO 1:1,000,000.
WX
Weather
Z
Co-ordinated Universal Time (in Meteorological messages).
VFG
VFG (Visual Flight Guide) contains information VFR pilots need from the CAR’s,
CAO’s AIP and CAAP’s regarding procedures to be used when operating aircraft.
It should be consulted for specific requirements and cross-checked against the
parent documents for currency.
Scale 1:250,000.
Note:
More abbreviations are shown in AIP GEN
Operations Manual
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Appendix 1-Definitions and Abbreviations: 8 pages
Page A1 - 3
Appendix 1 Definitions and Abbreviations
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
A1.2 Commonly Used Definitions
Ab-initio Training
Pre pilot certificate issue training.
ABF Examiner
ABF Instructor or Operations Manager as determined by the
‘privileges’ laid down in this manual.
ABF Instructor
ABF member who holds a valid ABF Pilot (Balloon) Certificate
endorsed with a current Flight Instructor (B) Rating.
Aircraft Log Book
The manufacturer’s Aircraft Log Book.
Approval or Approved
Approved for a defined task by the Operations Manager on behalf of
the ABF.
CAO
Civil Aviation Order: Contains orders concerning direction, instruction,
notification, permission, approval or authority in regard to the
operation of aircraft. See CAO 95.54.
CAR
Civil Aviation Regulation made pursuant to the Civil Aviation Act 1988
containing regulations concerning the operation of aircraft.
CASR
The new safety regulations formed under the regulatory reform
process to replace CAR’s.
Certified Aerodrome
An aerodrome certified by CASA under subpart 139.B of CASR. A
certified aerodrome has a runway suitable for aircraft with more than
30 passenger seats or able to carry a payload of 3,400 kg in Regular
Public Transport (RPT) or charter operations. It has higher operating
standards than a registered aerodrome (also see Registered
aerodrome)
Direct Supervision
In the presence of the supervisor. The supervisor observes and
checks the work being performed to ensure that it is being performed
properly.
Flight time
The total time from the moment at which the balloon first becomes
airborne and ends when the balloon comes to rest at the end of the
flight, excluding any time during which the balloon is at rest on the
ground.
Free flight time
In relation to a balloon, means any part of the flight time in the balloon
during which it is not tethered.
This time is recorded in the pilots log book under ‘In Command’.
Indirect Supervision
By the supervisor monitoring the operations through other persons.
The supervisor monitors and checks the work being performed to
ensure that it is being performed properly.
Instructor Safety Alert
An ABF document containing information regarding safety, training
and testing normally distributed only to ABF instructors and
examiners.
Appendix 1-Definitions and Abbreviations: 8 pages
Page A1 - 4
Operations Manual
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
Appendix 1 Definitions and Abbreviations
In the vicinity
An aircraft is in the vicinity of a non-controlled aerodrome if it is within:
 airspace other than controlled airspace; and
 a horizontal distance of 10 NM from the aerodrome (reference
point); and
 a height above the aerodrome (reference point) that could result
in conflict with operations at the aerodrome.
Medical Certificate
A Certificate issued under CASR part 67.
Operations Manager
A person appointed by the ABF to oversee operational standards for
recreational Hot Air Ballooning and Airships.
Operations Manual
The ABF Operations Manual.
Pilot in Command (PIC)
For ABF student purposes: solo flight time.
Pilot Log Book
A system that is used to keep an accurate record of a pilot’s
aeronautical experience.
Pilot Safety Alert
An ABF safety and flight operations information document normally
distributed to ABF certificate holders.
Private airship
A generic term for any hot air airship as defined in CAO 95.54 and is
operated in accordance with this manual.
Private balloon
A generic term for any manned balloon as defined in CAO 95.54 and
is operated in accordance with this manual.
Recreational balloon
flight review
Means a review of the aeronautical skills and aeronautical knowledge
of the person undertaking the review that is relevant to the safe flight
of balloons in sport or recreational operations.
Registered aerodrome
An aerodrome registered by CASA under CASR subpart 139.C.
A registered aerodrome meets certain minimum operating standards
and is regularly inspected (also see Certified aerodrome)
Safety Officer
Means a person appointed by the ABF to receive reports of accidents
and incidents concerning manned balloons and hot air airships and to
promote the safety awareness of all ABF pilots.
Supervision
The regular surveillance, assessment and correction of ABF pilot
training operations and of persons engaged in those operations.
Supervision may be ‘direct’ in the presence of the supervisor or
‘indirect’ by the supervisor monitoring the operations through other
persons.
Tethered
Means a balloon attached to the ground, or an object on the ground,
by flexible restraints that limit movement.
Tethered flight time
Means any part of the flight time in the balloon during which the
balloon is tethered.
This is recorded in the pilots log book under ‘Tether’.
Time in service
The total time from the moment at which the balloon first becomes
airborne and ends when the balloon comes to rest at the end of the
flight.
This is recorded in the balloon log book.
Operations Manual
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Appendix 1-Definitions and Abbreviations: 8 pages
Page A1 - 5
Appendix 1 Definitions and Abbreviations
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
A1.3 Meaning of Auxiliary Verbs
Throughout this document, the following auxiliary verbs have the meanings defined below:
(a)
"must", means the application is mandatory;
(b)
"should" means the application is recommended;
(c)
"may" or "need not" means the application is optional;
(d)
"will" means futurity, not a requirement for application;
(e)
singular words include the plural and plural words include the singular unless a
contrary intention is indicated by the context.
Nouns of common gender such as manager, officer, supervisor, and singular pronouns that
refer to common gender nouns in the same paragraph in either the feminine or masculine
format may have a feminine or masculine meaning as appropriate.
A1.4 Units of Measurement
Units of measurement to be used in airways operations and air to ground communication
are:
Distances used in navigation.
(Generally in excess of 2NM)
Short distances
Nautical miles and 1/10ths.
Altitudes, elevations & heights
Feet
Horizontal speed, inc. wind speed
Knots
Vertical speed
Feet per minute
Wind direction for take-off and landing,
used in TAFs
Wind direction, excluding above, used in
ARFORs
Visibility
Degrees magnetic
Altimeter setting
Hectopascals
Temperature
Degrees Celsius
Weight (Mass) Metric
Tonnes or kilograms
Time (UTC)
Hours and minutes, 24 hour clock
Metres
Degrees true
Kilometres or metres
Note: For further reference, consult AIP GEN.
Appendix 1-Definitions and Abbreviations: 8 pages
Page A1 - 6
Operations Manual
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
Appendix 1 Definitions and Abbreviations
A1.5 Conversion Factors
Multiply
By
To obtain
Pound (lb)
0.4535924
Kilogram (kg)
Pound Force per sq. in. (lbf/in2)
6.8947
Kilopascal (kPa)
Inch (in)
25.400
Millimetre (mm)
Foot (ft)
0.3048
Metre (m)
Mile
1.60934
Kilometre (km)
Nautical Mile (n m)
1.852
Kilometre (km)
Gallon, US liquid
3.785415
Litre (l)
Gallon, Imp. (gal)
4.54609
Litre (l)
All conversions should be rounded to one decimal place (except millimetres, to nearest
whole number) which remains within that limitation.
Operations Manual
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013
Appendix 1-Definitions and Abbreviations: 8 pages
Page A1 - 7
Appendix 1 Definitions and Abbreviations
Australian Ballooning Federation Inc
This page intentionally blank
Appendix 1-Definitions and Abbreviations: 8 pages
Page A1 - 8
Operations Manual
Amendment 2.01 – 14 November 2013