小组成员崔春梅刘米兰刘昕熊天石徐雯史倩倩王芳 Body Language and Nonverbal Communication  The definition and introduction of gesture  The type of gesture  Different gestures in different countries • A gesture is a form of non-verbal communication made with a part of the body, used instead of or in combination with verbal communication. The language of gesture is rich in ways for individuals to express a variety of feelings and thoughts, from contempt and hostility to approval and affection. Gestures An Introduction • Gestures and body language communicate as effectively as words- maybe even more effectively. We use gestures daily, almost instinctively, from beckoning to a waiter, or punctuating a business presentation with visual signals to airport ground attendants guiding an airline pilot into the jetway or a parent using a whole dictionary of gestures to teach (or preach to) a child. • As the global village continues to shrink and cultures collide, it is essential for all of us to become more sensitive, more aware, and more observant to the myriad motions, gestures, and body language that surround us each day. And as many of us cross over cultural borders, it would be fitting for us to respect, learn, and understand more about the effective, yet powerful "silent language" of gestures. Type of gesture  The most famous type of gestures are the so-called emblems or quotable gestures . These are culture specific gestures that can be used as replacement for words. Communities have repertoires of such gestures. Another type of gestures are the ones we use when we speak. These gestures are closely coordinated with speech. The meaningful part of the gesture is temporally synchronized (that is, occurs at the same time) with the co-expressive parts of speech. For example, a gesture that depicts the act of throwing will be synchronous with the word 'threw' in the utterance "and then he threw the ball right into the window." Make an oath  Other gestures like the so-called beat gestures, are used in conjunction with speech, keeping time with the rhythm of speech and to emphasize certain words or phrases. These types of gestures are integrally connected to speech and thought processes. Different gestures in different countries        These gestures are accepted both by Chinese and Americans as having the same meanings: A smile and handshake show welcome , Waving one‘s hand is to say“goodbye”, nodding the head means agreement,while shaking it means disgreement .（但是在保加利亚,希腊的一些地方,和伊朗,却是点头否定,摇头肯定。但这是极个别的~） Putting up a hand means"May I ask a question?". Kissing means"love". Waving one's arms show happiness. Because culture influences communication. Different country has different culture. So the way people in different countries communicate is different too. Examples     The gesture of putting a hand on a person' neck is different for Chinese and Americans. For Chinese,it is to say"someone will be killed". For Americans, it shows"I'm full” . In Thailand, If you want to signal a person to come near, you should move the fingers back and forth with palm down.But in the United States, you ask someone to come by holding the palm up and moving the fingers towards our body. Crossing one's legs in the United States is a sign of being relaxed. But in Korea , it's not allowed. In Chinese,people hand everything with both hands to show their respect,but for Muslims,they think the left hand is unclean and do not eat or pass something with it. Because of special culture influences some counties, some body languages should attract our attention      In Turkey , putting one's hand in one's pockets is a sign of disrespect, In some Asican countries, you must not touch the head of another person. And in China, people don't kiss or hug each other ,except hisher lover. For an Arab, it is a good manners to stand close to his friend when they are talking, but for English people, they don't like to be close to one another. And in parts of Asia, you must not sit with your foot pointing at another person. All above show that it is important to know the meaning of gestures and movements in foreign country, foreigners should follow these customs, should learn their culture. So we can communicate with them in a correct way, not only by words, but also by body language. I think that it is important in our lives to show and learn body language .