What is Cloud Computing? Why call it “Cloud” Computing? Cloud Computing Key Properties Advantages • Shift from CAPEX to OPEX • Lowers barrier for starting a new business/project • Can be cheaper even in the long run • Economies of scale • Geography Advantages • Instant agility • Security • Reliability Challenges • Performance predictability (QoS) • Vendor lock-in Challenges • Security and privacy • Data transfer bottleneck • Uploading 10 TB over 20 Mbps link takes 45 days! Cloud-friendly Applications • Existing apps that do not require specialized hardware resources • Internet scale apps • Large user base • Geographic distribution • Apps with elastic demands • Burst computing Cloud Computing Taxonomy • Infrastructure/hardware as a Service (IaaS) • Platform as a Service (PaaS) • Software/Framework as a Service (SaaS/FaaS) Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) • • • • Also know as Utility Computing VM images of different OS flavors Can run any application natively on chosen OS User administers VMs • User in charge of elasticity and failover • Almost like buying your how HW • Billing: • CPU hour • Gigabyte of storage per month • Network traffic in and out of datacenter • Examples: • Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), Rackspace Platform as a Service (PaaS) • Application need to conform to provider’s API • VM managed automatically by provider • Automatic scaling and failover • Billing: • CPU hour • Gigabyte of storage per month • Network traffic in and out of datacenter • Examples: • Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure, Heroku Software/Framework as a Service (SaaS/FaaS) • SaaS: services and applications available on an ondemand basis. • FaaS: a configurable SaaS • Billing: • Application specific • Per hour • Per transaction • Examples: • Salesforce.com • Google Docs How do they stack up? Choosing between IaaS and PaaS • IaaS • Use third party sw or other programming languages • Have existing code • Care about lock in • Transfer web app to your own server or a different provider • Want complete control • Are OK with the extra work needed to manage the system • PaaS • Provider’s API provider all needed functionality • Have no issues with lock-in • Don’t want to or cannot afford to manage the servers Amazon Web Services Regions and Availability Zones  Region • Set of Availability Zones located in one geographic area • Currently 8 regions: • Virginia, California, Oregon, Ireland Singapore, Australia, Tokio, Sao Paulo  Availability Zone • Independent failure domains • Distinct location • Independent power grid and network connection • Zones within a region networked with inexpensive low-latency connections • Example: us-east-1a, us-east1b, us-east-1c, us-east-1d Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)  Introduced in 2006 (beta), 2007 (full production version)  Based on Xen virtualization  Introduced Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) • Rent a server on an hourly basis • Renting one instance for 10,000 hours is just as cheap as renting 10,000 instances for an hour. EC2 Instance  Definition: an active virtual server  Created from an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) • Like a boot CD. Root image with everything necessary to start an instance:  Large number of images available Usage Model  Single AMI used to create multiple instances • • Customized for application Typically, all applications are pre-loaded  Instance are ephemeral • • Created when needed Terminated when demand goes away  Instance storage (FS) is ephemeral • Goes away when the instance is terminated  Persistent storage: • • Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) volume S3, RDS, SimpleDB, DynamoDB Instance Types  One EC2 Compute Unit provides the equivalent CPU capacity of a 1.0-1.2 GHz 2007 Opteron or 2007 Xeon processor. Create a Custom EC2 Instance       Select AMI Choose instance type Choose availability zone Set key-pair Set security group ssh into instance • e.g., ssh –i .ssh/csc309.pem ubuntu@ec2-107-20-227-144.compute-1.amazonaws.com  Customize  Create Image Security Group  Network firewall rules for instance  By default instance is not accessible  Can limit by protocol, port, source IP Key Pairs     SSH credentials to log into instance Install private key (pem file) in .ssh ssh –i <keypair>.pem <user>@<instance> e.g., ssh –i .ssh/ece1779.pem ubuntu@23.21.224.179 ami-cafc53a2  Ubuntu 14  Apache2 • sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 start|stop • /var/www/html #root for all web documents • /var/log/apache2 #apache server logs  PHP • /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini # php configuration file  Other tools • eclipse • twm, fvwm, kde • vnc • vncpasswd # create .vnc/passwd file • vncserver -geometry 1400x900 :1 # starts a new vncserver on display 1 • mysql-workbench Recommended Reading The Cloud at Your Service Jothy Rosenberg and Art Mateos Cloud Computing Bible Barrie Sosinsky Programming Amazon Web Services James Murty Programming Google App Engine Dan Sanderson