1. technology and computing
2. hardware

Complete technology for mesh networks
Smarter Wireless. Simply.
Technical Guide
www.iqrf.org
IQRF Introduction
IQRF is a proven, reliable and easy to use technology, providing wireless communication in mesh networks to any electronic product,
making it smarter. Effectively. Simply.
l
Low total system cost, open protocol, no license fees and extra low power is the best choice for engineers with programming skills
who like to have things under their control.
l
Since 2004, when IQRF technology was introduced, hundreds of development tools and hundreds of thousands of devices were
delivered, providing reliable wireless communication interface, or direct control of lighting applications, smart buildings, industry,
agriculture, metering and other fields.
Complete technology for mesh networks.
Smarter wireless. Simply.
Smart transceiver as
a standalone application
No license fees
No hidden cost
Freedom to choose
Mounting, antenna,
peripheral and other
options
Wireless programming
Applications development under IQRF OS
2
Application controlled
just by smart transceiver
IQRF Technology
Smart transceivers
Optimized hardware
Built-in operating system
Extremely low power consumption
Different network topologies supported, including mesh
Up to 65 thousand devices in a network
Up to 240 hops
Discovery
Implementation of open
IQMESH TM protocol
Development support
Development tools, ready-to-use source code examples
Free of charge integrated development environment (IDE)
Solderless development, online support
Interfaces and gateways
Smart transceiver interfaces – SPI, I2C, UART, etc.
Gateways interfacing USB, Ethernet, GSM, etc.
All with demos, examples, libraries support
Enables products to wirelessly communicate,
making them smarter. Simply.
3
Transceiver Highlights
Built-in IQRF operating system
Extremely low power consumption
Provides operation of transceiver and efficient set of functions for RF
Supports open IQMESH protocol
No solution stack has to be compiled
Supports many different network topologies
Allows developers to fully focus on their application
nAmps in sleep
Few uAmps while receiving
The RX mode is the most important from the consumption
point of view. IQRF smart transceivers are extremely low
power at this mode, which makes them great for battery
operated applications.
Smart transceivers variability
Different transceiver types for different wireless applications
Type differences:
RF output power
Worldwide RF bands
Antenna options
Mounting options
Peripherals options
Seamless migration to higher versions
On demand specifically customized transceivers possible
RFPGM – RF programmingTM
Easy and efficient way how to upload application
code into TR wirelessly
Even to TRs soldered in target application
Mass application uploads
It is a must for network applications development
Open mesh
IQRF implements light but efficient, open, license
free IQMESH protocol. See page 9.
4
Rapid development
Built-in IQRF OS significantly simplifies application
development
Developers write only application code using IQRF OS
Operating system functions are intuitive and easy to use
Efficient development tools
Full featured integrated development environment (IDE)
available
Rapid development "loop" (modify, compile and upload)
in a few seconds
RFPGM application upload
Under control
IQRF is a generic fully open technology. IQRF OS provides
a powerful base but leaves the programmer absolute freedom
Although IQRF OS significantly simplifies development
process, it is not a „black box“ – user still has full control over
both application and microcontroller resources
IQMESH protocol is open
Smart Transceivers
IQRF Smart transceiver is a tiny intelligent electronic board with complete circuitry needed to implement wireless RF connectivity.
It is a key communication component of IQRF technology. Transceivers operate in license-free sub-GHz bands, allowing better signal
propagation especially in buildings.
Features
Complete compact highly integrated design
MCU with built-in IQRF operating system supporting IQMESH open protocol
RF output power up to 20 mW
Range over 1 km per hop, up to 240 hops
Extremely low power consumption
MCU
Peripherals
RF
Up to 12 I / O pins
SPI, I2C, UART and other interfaces
A / D and D /A converters
Analog comparator
PWM output
Programmable timer
Interrupt capability
Serial EEPROM
OS
EEPROM
User
application
Temperature
sensor
3.1 – 5.3 V
2.2 – 3.4 V
SPI, UART, I2C
Peripherals
I/O
Peripherals
LDO voltage
regulator
3V
General illustrations. See pages 6 - 7 for individual TR types.
Antenna connector
Antenna
EEPROM
Temperature sensor
Voltage regulator
RF IC
Microcontroller with OS
5
Transceiver Options
TR - 52 D A T
IQRF
smart transceiver
peripheral options: nil - no other peripherals
T - temperature sensor
module type
antenna options:
MCU type
Supply
current
MCU
Series
Mounting
Pins
I/O
MCU
Flash memory
RAM
EEPROM
Serial EEPROM
RF IC
RF bands
RF power (max.)
RF range *
LDO voltage regulator
Supply voltage
Sleep
LP
Receiving
XLP
Temperature sensor
LEDs
A/D inputs
Wireless M-Bus
IQRF OS
Dimensions without antenna
[mm]
with antenna
TR-52B
TR-53B
SIM / SMT / Vertical
SIM
8
9
6
7
PIC16F886
8 K × 14 b
368 B
- soldering padhole (no antenna, no U.FL connector)
- PCB antenna
- U.FL connector (mini coax)
- connector for removable antenna AN-03 (obsolete)
TR-54D
SMT
18
12
TR-55D
TR-62D
TR-82D
TR-72D
SIM
8
6
Vertical
12
10
PIC16LF1938
16 K × 14 b
1024 B
256 B
2 KB
SI4431
MRF49XA
SI4455
SI4461
EU/US
world-wide
20 mW
3.5 mW
700 m
850 m
yes
3.1 – 5.3 V
2 µA
400 µA
35 µA
standard
1.8 µA
–
precision
2
3
2
–
2.2 – 3.4 V
380 nA
330 µA
25 µA
–
–
4
**
yes
3.1 – 5.3 V
**
**
**
precision
2
3
yes
–
–
25.0 × 14.9
31.8 × 14.9
* Up to specified value in free space
** To be specified
Antenna options
Soldering pad
TR-52D
SIM
8
6
nil
A
C
K
yes
28.4 × 14.9
33.6 × 14.9
25.0 × 14.9
31.8 × 14.9
20.2 × 14.9
26.4 × 14.9
–
27.4 × 14.9
**
–
yes
yes
25.0 × 14.9
31.8 × 14.9
All parameters specified here are for guidance only, may depend on conditions and
are subject to change. For exact parameters refer to IQRF datasheets and manuals.
Mounting options
UF.L connector
SIM connector
Vertical soldering
Built-in PCB
6
SMT
Transceiver Types
TR-52B series
TR-53B series
Proven transceivers used in many applications worldwide
TR-52B
TR-53BC
TR-52BA
SIM connector mounting
Top seller in 2011
TR-52D series
TR-53BA
Vertical or horizontal (SMT) mounting
SIM connector option for application development
Often used by lighting manufacturers
TR-54D series
TR-55D series
Based on customers’ feedback, with new mounting options, enhanced MCU and operating system
Scale 1:1
TR-52D
TR-52DA
TR-52B successor
SIM connector mounting
Ideal to start with IQRF
NEW
TR-62D series
TR-54D
TR-54DA
Smallest transceiver
SMT mounting
Lowest price and consumption
12 I / O pins
TR-72D series
TR-55DA
TR-53B successor
Vertically solderable mounting
Fits SIM connector for solderless
development
TR-82D series
New generation of transceivers with higher RF power (20 mW), Wireless M-Bus support and enhanced IQRF OS
TR-62D
TR-62DA
For Wireless M-Bus only, modes S2 and T2
UART↔ wireless M-Bus converter
Without IQRF OS
TR-72D
TR-72DA
High RF power alternative
to TR-52D
TR-82D
TR-82DA
Enhanced features
Wireless M-Bus support
Worldwide RF bands support
7
IQRF Networks
IQRF is a technology intended for wireless networks. Built-in IQRF operating system supports many ways to reach different needs
of different wireless applications - from easy point-to-point communication to huge mesh networks.
Range
Range depends on many parameters, e.g., on output power, bitrate, antenna type,
terrain, signal modulation and as well as on software techniques.
There are two ways to extend communication range:
Brute force increasing RF output power. It leads to higher consumption and noise.
Moreover, RF signal sometimes cannot pass through an obstacle even with high RF
output power.
With hop-by-hop routing transfer via network devices, which is essential for mesh
networks.
Network topologies
There are many network topologies, most of them are supported by IQRF OS. This is an overview of some typical examples:
Point-to-point
A wireless link between two nodes, it is often used in remote control. IQRF Smart
Transceivers utilizing bidirectional communication provide much higher
performance, reliability and security compared to standard unidirectional systems.
Range is based only on physical parameters of transceivers.
Star
In wireless networks with star topology, each network node has a wireless link to the
network coordinator. The popularity of star networks is based on implementation
simplicity. It is an ideal choice for systems working in 'non-obstacle' environments,
e.g. for voting systems. With limited range and no routing capabilities it is not very
convenient for systems where robustness and stability should be assured.
Tree
In hierarchical network topology, every node is connected to its parent node that
is one level higher in the hierarchy. A coordinator is on the top level of the hierarchy.
With traversing via parents each node can send messages to the coordinator
in minimum hops. Tree topology is automatically created during discovery. Unlike the
mesh network, communication fails, if any one node fails.
Mesh
Due to the alternative paths, mesh network topology is the most reliable topology
for wireless networks. IQRF uses oriented flooding based on TDMA, assuring high
resistance against local failures caused by interference or temporary node
unavailability. For failure immunity and physical communication range extension, the
mesh topology network is the ideal choice for any application demanding reliability.
Mesh is the most reliable network topology.
Chain-mesh
8
A variation of a partially connected mesh network topology is often found,
e.g. in street lights, where single lights can be seen in lines, but due to the higher
communication range, compared to the physical topology, each light-node can have
more than two links. For its reliability, it is an ideal choice for street lighting
applications.
IQMESH® Open Protocol
IQRF smart transceivers implement light but efficient built-in IQMESH protocol supporting either simple wireless connectivity or
even complex networks. It includes sophisticated features, but despite the complexity and performance, IQMESH is extremely easy
to use. Powerful OS functions easily allow tailoring of IQMESH functionality to specific needs of given project.
Routing algorithm highly impact performance and reliability
of any network communication.
IQRF routing
The goal of packet routing in target applications is to reliably and efficiently deliver data over the network. In IQMESH based
networks, the flooding mechanism is primarily used. Virtual Routing Structure (VRS) created during discovery is directionally flooded.
The network would be flooded from the coordinator to the node for all control purposes or from the node to the coordinator for
data collection. A special order of VRS together with TDMA enables a directional, efficient and collision free flooding mechanism.
The network routing mechanism is illustrated below:
N1
R1
N4
R2
C
R2
R1
N4
R2
N5
Frame
R4
N2
01 23 4
N3
R5
Available link
R4
Frame
01 234
Reached node
Active node (TX)
R2
N5
N2
Node
R3
C
R4
Coordinator
R5
R3
Frame
N1
N3
N4
C
R2
N5
N2
01 234
Frame
N3
R5
R3
C
R4
N5
N2
N1
R1
N4
R5
01 234
Frame
R1
N4
R4
N5
N1
N3
R3
R3
C
N1
R1
N3
R5
Activated link
N2
01 234
1
Active time slot
IQRF supports in a user-friendly way various routing algorithms fitting different network topologies - P/ P, star ... mesh - and utilizing
their specific advantages (e.g., low time latency in simple network topologies and high reliability communication in mesh networks).
A specific routing algorithm is chosen in the application based on required efficiency and purpose simply by setting one system
variable. Routing based on network logical address, tree routing to the coordinator and routing based on discovered Virtual Routing
Structure are three basic routing schemes supported by IQRF OS. Addressing in the network is realized via the logical network
address obtained during bonding which is one byte long or via a two byte user address dedicated by the user.
Straightforward implementation enables programmers to stay focused on their
application code not to network functionality, resulting in much faster application
development.
9
IQRF Interfaces
There are many ways to connect IQRF to rest of the world. Although IQRF is primarily designed for RF and networking, even
standalone smart transceivers are able to perform surprisingly complex tasks.
Smart transceiver interfaces
Besides RF connectivity, standalone IQRF transceivers have many interfaces:
Standard interfaces
SPI, I2C, UART
Peripherals
I/O, PWM, pulse generator
ADC, DAC, analog comparator, ...
All above mentioned interfaces are supported by IQRF OS or an embedded processor.
Other interfaces
1-Wire and other interfaces can be easily programmed into application software
Ready to use examples are available
The following diagrams show only some possibilities.
Example: possible interfacing of standalone TR-72DA
+
3.1 – 5.3 V
Battery TR-72DA
check
LDO voltage
regulator
Digital I/O
MCU
RAM
EEPROM
Flash
4-wire
SPI
3 V, 100 mA
Serial
EEPROM
Temperature
sensor
Example: possible interfacing of standalone TR-54D
Pulsing in background
D/A converter
A/D converter
~
~
Wake-up from sleep
Interrupt on change
Digital input
Analog comparator
Multiple Dallas devices
2-wire
UART
~
+
1-Wire
PWM
Battery
check
Serial EEPROM
TR-54D
RF
10
Digital I/O
Multiple I2C devices
+ 2.2 – 3.4 V
IQRF Gateways
IQRF gateways
Specialized IQRF gateways using more complex interfaces (USB, Ethernet, GSM, ...) are available. Furthermore, they provide higher
performance, extended memory and more I /O so they can be used for more complex tasks (e.g. data collection, monitoring and
logging).
Visual control panels
IQVCP panels are a unique class. They are fully customizable standalone devices that, featuring apart from RF connectivity, feature a
touchscreen display, providing a dynamically variable two-way user interface to the final application.
ion
Applicat
software
Internet / LAN
Web browser
net
r
Ethe
IQRF
WWW server
data logger
2
IC
USB
Actuator
ion
Applicat
software
ire
W
1-
Lighting control
Remote control
Regulator
le
Sensor
SPI
Meter
IQRF Relay kit
UART
ss
M
-b
us
Sensor
ire
MS
GPRS, S
W
GSM
M
PW
Visual control
Motor
11
IQRF Devices
IQRF technology supports devices for different purposes. They can be categorized as:
Ready-to-use devices with embedded interface protocols. Specific functionality is achieved with application program inside
smart transceiver.
Examples: GW-USB-05 USB gateway, GW-ETH-01 Ethernet gateway / datalogger, configurable via internal web server
Generic devices enabling both IQRF application and main MCU customizations. Development sets, SW libraries and source code
examples are available.
Examples: Visual control panels, GW-USB-13A USB gateway
Ethernet
GSM
IQRF ↔ Ethernet
Connection to local LAN / Internet
Internal web server
Datalogger
IQRF ↔ GSM interface
Access via mobile phone
GW-ETH-02
GW-ETH-01
SHD-GSM-D01
USB
IQRF ↔ USB interface
PC connectivity
User configurable and progammable
Suitable also as wireless programmers
GW-USB-04
GW-USB-05
Visual control panels
IQRF conncectivity
Touchscreen displays
Rich in peripherals
Fully programmable and configurable
See the IQVCP brochure
VCP-02
VCP-0x
VCP-04
Built-in
For customized solutions
Stand-alone
End devices
Variuos devices and reference designs are also available
RC-04
GW-USB-13A
Remote controllers
12
RT-230-05
SHD-SE-01
Router
Ready-to-use sensor
IQRF Development
One of the strengths of IQRF technology is the simplicity of making new designs and applications. Smart transceivers, built-in IQRF
operating system, various development tools, ready-to-use examples and online support; it all enables rapid development.
Development process
IQRF
programmer
TR module
e.g.
OS
CK-USB-0x
or
GW-USB-0x
Choose
Modify
Example.c
Appl.c
Upload
Compile
Upload
wired
or
Appl.
Appl.hex
USB
wireless
RFPGM
What is needed to start?
IQRF development set with the Startup package included.
DS-START-03
Development set
All hardware needed to start IQRF design applications in one box
Startup package
All development software and
documentation in one bundle
Nothing else is needed to run first IQRF applications
in a few minutes.
How to start?
Unpack
Install
Modify
Compile
Upload
Development set
Startup Package
Example
IQRF IDE
Programmer
See Quick Start Guide at: www.iqrf.org/quickstart
13
IQRF Upload / Debug
The following hardware tools and IDE are available for development and debuging.
Programmers / Debuggers
CK-USB-0x
GW-USB-05
Standard IQRF
programmers / debuggers
Other IQRF devices
USB gateways suitable
also as RF programmer
Some IQRF devices have
internal programmer / debugger
Upload
Upload = writing an application code into a TR module (also called ‘programming’)
Two upload methods:
Wireless upload
RFPGM
Wired upload
RF programmer
Programmed TR
in user equipment
Programmer
Programmed TR
in a programmer
TR is plugged in a programmer (via SIM connector)
Programmed TR
in user equipment
TR is plugged or soldered in a user equipment (RFPGM – RF programmingTM).
IQRF IDE - Full featured Integrated Development Environment
Intuitive, easy to use
Programming
Edit, compile and upload application into TR
Plug-in management
SPI communication support
SPI text: on packet structure level
Terminal: on character / text string level
High level control
Sophisticated tools and macros
Debug
Unlimited number of breakpoints
All relevant information is displayed after break:
RAM, EEPROM, communication buffers,
system and network information, variables, ...
14
Break, Watch and Continue
IQRF Development Kits
Evaluation kit
Universal development kit for smart transceivers
Ideal tool for network applications development
Portable, with accumulator, very small size
Supporting solderless prototyping
Ready to use code examples
Example: 5 kits operateded and charged
using a cascadable power expansion board
DK-EVAL-04
Example: 25 kits operateded and charged
using 6 cascadable power expansion boards
Solderless prototyping
IQRF development is user-friendly even for applications with SMT smart transceivers. RFPGM enables to upload also an application
code into soldered TRs. Moreover, there are development boards to support easy handling with SMT TRs using the advantage of SIM
connector, DDC cascadable modular kits, wired upload and so on.
TRDB-54A
TR-54DA development board
For solderless development
KON-TR-01x
Universal adapters
IQRF service tools
IQRF Scanner – CATS-01
Service and debugging tool to analyze
RF signal spectrum
RF scanner
Monitoring signal strength in individual
channels
Useful to find free channels
RF Programmer
RFPGM wireless programmer
Based on GW-USB-05
15
Development Daisy Chain Kits
A series of fully modular cascadable kits to expand interfaces and peripherals is available for solderless prototyping.
No wiring.
DDC – Development Daisy Chain kits
Compact, portable, small size 36 × 23 mm
Perfect educational tools
Main kits
CK-USB-04 programmer / debugger
DK-EVAL-04 for standalone network devices (nodes)
with accumulator to supply the entire chain
Expansion kits with additional peripherals
DDC-IO-01 I/O kit to control inputs / outputs
DDC-SE-01 sensor kit to measure temperature,
voltage and illumination
DDC-RE-01 2 relay kit
Example: three-kit DDC chain
CK-USB-04
DK-EVAL-04
DDC-IO-01
DDC-SE-01
DDC-RE-01
Programmer / debugger
Mesh node kit
I/O kit
Sensor kit
Relay kit
DDC usage example: data collection and control of outputs
To build a sensor network with DDC kits is quite easy
The entire network can be controlled by IQRF IDE Terminal
Ready-to-use demo examples
Simply modify examples to your needs
IQRF sensor network testing demo
Controlled outputs
Sensors, binary I/Os, analog inputs
Example
Example
Example
TR
TR
TR
DK-EVAL-04
DK-EVAL-04
DK-EVAL-04
DDC-RE-01
DDC-IO-01
DDC-IO-01
DDC-SE-01
Example
TR
CK-USB-04
16
E
IQRF ID
al
Termin
USB
IQRF Development Sets
Development sets
IQRF development tools and accessories can be ordered
separately or in sets
Sets contain selected combinations of IQRF devices and examples
optimized for specific applications
Documentation and demo software included
Manufacturer’s support inlcuded
Advantageous prices and training
Starter set
DS-START-03
All you need to start with IQRF
Either for point-to-point or for
a small 3-device network
Networking
DS-MESH-03
Development set for IQMESH network
Up to 18-device mesh network
3 USB devices
Development sets for generic devices
Every IQRF generic device has
a development set available
Device functionality is controlled
by software written by a developer
Paging
UART
DS-PAGER
DS-UART
IQVCP – Development sets for Visual Control Panels
DS-VCP-01
DS-VCP-02
DS-VCP-04
17
IQRF Support
MICRORISC provides a full range of development support including: complete documentation, hardware development tools, IQRF
and IQVCP training, free on-line support, extra customer support, free software development tools, reference designs, application
notes, ready-to-use source code examples and more. Altogether results in rapid wireless application development. On demand, even
specifically customized devices and solutions are possible.
Development support
Development kits and sets
Generic equipment, SW customizable
Protocols and specifications
Development software
Service tools
Upgrades
SW for all IQRF devices is upgradeable
Operating system is extendable by optional SW plug-ins
Application support
Startup package: www.iqrf.org/startup
Quick Start Guide: www.iqrf.org/quickstart
Examples and templates: www.iqrf.org/examples
SW demos delivered with all IQRF devices
Reference designs
Libraries, drivers
USB custom device with MICRORISC VID/PID
Direct Peripheral Addressing for programming free usage
Application notes illustrating how to use IQRF products
Consultancy and training classes
Troubleshooting: on-line support www.iq-esupport.com
Custom applications development
Sales support
Distribution chain
On-line E-shop: www.iqrf.org/eshop
All you need to develop a complex user project is available, including hardware,
software, protocols, services and support.
Code example
#include "includes/template-basic.h"
void APPLICATION ()
{
toutRF = 255;
while (1)
{
if (buttonPressed)
{
pulseLEDG();
setRFmode(_TX_XLP);
bufferRF[0] = 'X';
DLEN = 1;
PIN = 0;
RFTXpacket();
}
setRFmode(_RX_XLP | _RLPMAT);
if (RFRXpacket() && bufferRF[0] == 'X')
{
pulseLEDR();
waitDelay(20);
}
}
}
18
Complete fully functional example of a peer-to-peer
communication in XLP extra low power mode suitable for
battery operated bidirectional pagers consuming 25 µA only.
Just a few lines of C code are sufficient to make both pagers
respond to an incoming packet or a pressed pushbutton.
If the button is pressed:
Green LED flashes once
1 byte packet containing the ‘X’ character is transmitted to
the opposite device
If the packet is received during XLP low power 25 µA mode:
It is checked for ‘X’ character
Red LED flashes once to indicate the correct packet
Implementation with two transceiver modules TR-52DA and
two IQRF evaluation kits DK-EVAL-04:
IQRF Fields
Wireless technology for intelligent building automation
IQRF Smart House is a technology for manufacturers of home automation systems,
appliances and electronic products, providing wireless communication to their products,
making them smarter. Programming free integration of wireless communication ensures
a short time to market.
l
The technology is managed by IQRF Smart House Alliance providing its continuing
development, alliance member’s support and interoperability of compatible devices.
The Alliance helps manufacturers to focus on their specialty without wasting valuable
time on reinventing an RF solution.
l
Use of the technology enables members of IQRF Smart House Alliance
to address a wider market and to sell more products at no extra development costs.
www.iqrfsmarthouse.org
Visual control panels to enhance products and user interface
Standalone, built-in, or customized touch visual control panels help manufacturers
of home automation systems, appliances and electronic products to extend their overall
functionality and enhance user interface.
l
Intelligent IQVCP panels reduce system costs by reducing mechanical control elements,
thanks to visual touch control. Identical panels can be used in various products allowing
a different look and control just by modifying the firmware. Simply.
l
Built-in IQRF transceiver modules allow the IQVCP to connect with and control wireless
networks such as IQRF Smart House.
www.iqvcp.org
Customization
IQRF is open and fully customizable wireless technology. Besides customer's
programming, additional functionality or specific requirements can be realized via IQRF
customization. There are also software plug-ins available, eliminating the need
of programming for some typical applications (street lighting, building automation, ...).
l
Moreover, complete wireless solutions based on customer’s specific needs might
be realized from A to Z, by MICRORISC.
www.iqrf.org
19
IQRF Information Sources
General Guide to IQRF
www.iqrf.org/generalguide
Visual Control Panels
www.iqvcp.org/guide
IQRF Smart House
www.iqrfsmarthouse.org/guide
MICRORISC Company Profile
www.microrisc.com/profile
HQ Jicin
EU
MICRORISC offices
Distribution
and applications
All trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective holders.
MICRORISC s.r.o.
Prumyslova 1275, 506 01 Jicin, Czech Republic, EU
+420 493 538 125 | sales@iqrf.org | www.iqrf.org
IQRFTG_rev.121031