1. education

Tove Skutnabb-Kangas
Page 1
06/01/2015
Bibliography on multilingualism, multilingual and Indigenous/tribal/minority
education, linguistic human rights, endangered languages, their maintenance and
revitalisation, linguistic genocide and crimes against humanity in education,
linguistic imperialism and the subtractive spread of English, and the relationship
between linguistic diversity and biodiversity. Last updated in January 2015.
This private bibliography (6,746 entries, 404 pages in Times Roman 12; over 1,244,000
bytes, over 166,000 words), contains most of the references I (Tove Skutnabb-Kangas)
have used (or intend to use) in what I have published since 1972. There may be errors
(and certainly moving to Mac did garble references in Kurdish, Greek, Russian, etc). I
have not been able to delete all the doubles (there may still be some) but am doing it
when I see them. If an article says “In XX (ed)” and page numbers, the book itself will be
found under the editor’s name. I do not check the bibliography - but I hope it may be
useful for some people, both students and (other) colleagues. My own publications are
also here in alphabetical order, but for more recent ones check my web page, www.toveskutnabb-kangas.org, “publications since 2000”, and “publications in press”, which are
updated more often. For (my husband) Robert Phillipson’s publications, check his
webpage, www.cbs.dk/en/staff/rpibc. All websites here were up-to-date when I put them
in but I do not check them afterwards except when I need them myself. – Comments,
corrections and additions are very welcome!
Aaltonen, Hanna-Leena (2001). Opetusta vai kasvatusta. Maahanmuuttajien oman
äidinkielen opettajien pedagogiikka [Teaching or Nurtuting – Pedagogy of Immigrant
Pupils’ Mother Tongue Teachers]. Helsingin kaupungin opetusviraston julkaisusarja
B8:2001. Helsinki: Helsingin kaupungin opetusvirasto.
Abadzi, Helen (2006). Efficient Learning for the Poor. Insights from the Fontier of
Cognitive Neuroscience. Directions in Development. Washington: World Bank.
Abbi, Anvita (Ed.) (1986). Studies in bilingualism. Delhi: Bahri Publications.
Abdoolcader, Levane (1989). Sydney Voices: a Survey of Languages Other Than English
in Catholic Schools. Sydney: Catholic Education Office.
Abdulaziz, Mohamed H. 2003. ‘The history of language policy in Africa with reference
to language choice in education.’ In Ouane, Adama (ed.). Towards a multilingual
culture of education. Hamburg: UNESCO Institute for Education, 181-199.
Abdussalam, Ahmad Shehu (1998). Human language rights: an Islamic perspective. In
Benson et al. (eds), 55-62.
Abdussalam, Ahmad Shehu (1998). Human Language Rights: An Islamic Perspective. In
Benson, Grundy & Skutnabb-Kangas (eds). Language Rights. Special volume,
Language Sciences 20:1, 55-62.
Abele, Robert (2014). The Norms of Justice, International Law, and the Duty to Protect.
In Lendman, Stephen (ed.). Flashpoint in Ukraine. How the US Drive for Hegemony
Risks World War III. Atlanta, GA: Clarity Press, 200-214.
Abélès, Marc (1999). Multiculturalism and multilingualism in the European institutions.
In European Cultural Foundation. Which languages for Europe? Report of the
conference held at Oegstgeest, the Netherlands, 8-11 October 1998. Amsterdam:
1
European Cultural Foundation, 111-118.
Abou, Sélim (1989). Fondements des politiques linguistiques, in Pupier & Woehrling
(Eds), 21-34.
Abramovitz, Janet N. (1998). Sustaining the World’s Forests. In State of the World 1998,
21-40.
Abu-saud, Mahmoud (1983). Concept of Islam, Indianapolis: American Trust
Publications.
Abu-Saad, Ismael (2005). Re-telling the History: The Indigenous Palestinian Bedouin in
Israel. Alternative. An International Journal of Indigenous Scholarship 1: 1, 26-48.
Abugre, Charles (2008). Behind most mass violence lurk economic interests.
Development Dialogue 50, December 2008. Thematic volume Revisiting the heart of
darkness – Explorations into genocide and other forms of mass violence. 60 years
after the UN Convention, ed. Henning Melber with John Y. Jones. Uppsala: Dag
Hammarskjöld Foundation, in cooperation with Networkers South North, 271-278.
Acharya, Sushan (2009). Report on MLE Policy and Strategy. Bhaktapur, Nepal: MLE
Programme, Inclusive Education Section, Department of Education.
Acheson, Dean (1969). Present at the Creation. My Years at the State Department.
London: Hamish Hamilton.
Ada, Alma Flor (1987). A children’s literature-based whole language approach to
creative reading and writing. Northvale, New Jersey: Santillana.
Ada, Alma Flor (1988). The Pajaro Valley Experience: Working with Spanish-Speaking
Parents to Develop Children’s Reading and Writing Skills Through the Use of
Children’s Literature. In Skutnabb-Kangas & Cummins (eds), 223-238.
Ada, Alma Flor & Campoy, F. Isabel (2004). Authors in the Classroom. A
Transformative Education Process. Boston: Pearson Education.
Ada, Alma Flor, Harris, Violet J. & Hopkins, Lee Bennett (1993). A chorus of cultures.
Developing literacy through multicultural poetry. Poetry Anthology. Carmel, CA:
Hampton-Brown Books.
Adams, D. W. (1995). Education for extinction. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
Adams, Howard 1995. A Tortured People: The Politics of Colonization. Penticton, BC:
Theytus Books.
Adams, K. & Brink, D. (eds) (1990). Perspectives on Official English: The Campaign for
English as the Official Language of the U.S.A.. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Adegbija, E. (2001). Saving Threatened Languages in Africa: A Case Study of Oko. In
Fishman, Joshua, A. (ed.) (2001). Can Threatened Languages Be Saved? Reversing
Language Shift, Revisited: A 21st Century perspective. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual
Matters, 284-308.
Adelaar, Willem F.H. (1995). The endangered situation of the native languages in South
America. Abstract of the paper presented at the International Symposium on
Endangered Languages, November 18-20, 1995, University of Tokyo. Downloaded
from <http://www.tooyoo.l.u-Tokyo.ac.jp/linguistics/newsletters/newslet1/html xx
check, should it be . rather than / before html?xx
Adler, Max K. (1977). Collective and individual bilingualism, aming and addressing: A
sociolinguistic study. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.
Adler, Max K. (1978). Naming and addressing: A sociolinguistic study. Hamburg:
Helmut Buske Verlag.
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Adorno, T.W., Frenkel-Brunswik E., Levinson D.J. & Sanford, R.N. (1950). The
Authoritarian Personality. New York: Harper.
Affor (1983). Issues and resources. A handbook for teachers in the multicultural society.
Birmingham: AFFOR.
Afolayan, Abebisi (1976). The six-year primary project in Nigeria. In Bamgbose, Ayo
(ed.) Mother Tongue Education: the West African Experience. Paris: UNESCO Press,
113-134.
Afolayan, Abebisi (1978). Towards an Adequate Theory of Bilingual Education for
Africa, in Alatis, James E. (ed.). International Dimensions of Bilingual Education.
Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
Afolayan, Abebisi (1984). The English Language in Nigerian Education as an Agent of
Proper Multilingual and Multicultural Development. Journal of Multilingual and
Multicultural Development 5:1, 1-22.
Africa, Hugh (1980). Language in education in a multilingual state: a case study of the
role of English in the education system of Zambia, Ph.D. dissertation, University of
Toronto.
Ager, Dennis, Muskens, George & Wright, Sue (1993). Language education for
intercultural communication. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Agnihotri, Rama K. (2007). Identity and Multilinguality: The Case of India. In Tsui, Amy
B. M. & Tollefson, James W. (eds). Language Policy, Culture, and Identity in Asian
Contexts. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers, 185-204.
Agnihotri, Rama Kant 2007. ‘Identity and multilinguality: The case of India’. In Tsui,
Amy B.M. and James W. Tollefson (eds). Language policy, culture, and identity in
Asian contexts. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum, 185-204.
Agnihotri, Rama Kant (2009). Multilinguality and “a language”: Reflections on the 2005
National Curricular Framework, India. In Mohanty, Ajit, Minati Panda, Robert
Phillipson and Tove Skutnabb-Kangas (eds). Multilingual Education for Social
Justice: Globalising the Local. New Delhi: Orient BlackSwan, 268-277.
Aguayo, David, Herman, Keith, Ojeda, Lizette & Flores, Lisa Y. (2011). Culture predicts
Mexican Americans' college self-efficacy and college performance. Journal of
Diversity in Higher Education 4 (2): 79 DOI: 10.1037/a0022504
Ahearn, Laura M. (2010). Agency and language. In Jaspers, Jürgen, Östman, Jan-Ola &
Verschueren, Jef (eds). Society and Language Use. Volume 7, Handbook of
Pragmatics Highlights. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 28-48.
Ahlgren, Inger & Hyltenstam, Kenneth (eds) (1994). Bilingualism in Deaf Education,
International Studies on Sign Language and Communication of the Deaf, Vol. 27,
Hamburg: Signum.
Ahtela, H. (1953). Helena Schjerfbeck. Stockholm: Raben & Sjögren.
Ahrens, Rüdiger (ed.) (2003). Europäische Sprachenpolitik/ European Language Policy.
Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag WINTER.
Aikawa, Noriko (2004). UNESCO’s Programme on Languages. In Sakiyama, Osamu,
Endo, Fubito, Watanabe, Honoré & Sasama, Fumiko (eds). Lectures on Endangered
Languages 4. Suita, Osaka: The Project “Endangered Languages of the Pacific Rim”,
29-35.
Aikio-Puoskari, Ulla (1997). Sámi language in Finnish Schools. In Kasten, Erich (ed.).
Bicultural Education in the North. Ways of Preserving and Enhancing Indigenous
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Peoples’ Languages and Traditional Knowledge. Münster, New York, München &
Berlin: Waxmann, 47-57.
Aikio-Puoskari, Ulla (2001). Saamen kielen ja saamenkielinen opetus Pohjoismaissa.
Tutkimus saamelaisten kielellisistä ihmisoikeuksista Pohjoismaiden kouluissa
(Teaching of and through the medium of Saami in the Nordic countries. A study of
the linguistic human rights of the Saami in Nordic schools). Juridica Lapponica 25.
Rovaniemi: Lapin yliopisto University of Lapland/Northern Institute for
Environmental and Minority Law. [326 pp., ISBN 951-634-762-2].
Aikio-Puoskari, Ulla (2002). Kielten ja kulttuurien risteysasemalla - kysymyksiä saamen
kielestä ja identiteetistä [At the crossroads of languages and cultures - issues of Saami
language and identity]. In Laihiala-Kankainen, Sirkka, Pietikäinen, Sari & Dufva,
Hannele (toim.). Moniääninen Suomi. Kieli, kulttuuri ja identiteetti. [Multivoiced
Finland. Language, culture and identity]. Jyväskylä: Jyväskylän yliopisto, Soveltavan
kielentutkimuksen keskus, 90-108.
Aikio-Puoskari, Ulla (2003). Oahpahusdilit ja sámiid gielalaš olmmošvuoigatvuodaid
ollašuvvan Davviriikkaid skuvllain [The conditions of education and the realization of
the linguistic human rights of the Saami in Nordic schools]. In Hirvonen, Vuokko
(ed). Sámi áddejupmi ja sámi skuvla. Davviriikkalaš sámi skuvladutkiid konferánsa
Guovdageainnus 7.-9.11.2001- Sámi understanding and Sámi education, Nordic Sámi
Educational Research Conference Kautokeino, November 7th-9th 2001. SAraporta/SUC-report 1-2003, Guovdageaidnu: Sámi allaskuvla - Samisk høgskole—
Saami University College, 77-86. www.samiskhs.no.
Aikio-Puoskari, Ulla (2004). The Education of the Sámi in the Comprehensive Schooling
of Three Nordic Countries: Norway, Finland and Sweden, Manuscript, prepared for
the Expert Seminar on Indigenous Peoples and Education (Paris, October 18-20,
2004), to support the work of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights
and fundamental freedoms of indigenous peoples, Mr. Rodolfo Stavenhagen.
Nov.2004, 35 pp.
Aikio-Puoskari, Ulla (2005). Sámegiela ja –kultuvrra ealáskahttin Soađegili Vuohčus
(The Revitalization of Saami Language and Culture in Vuotso, Sodankylä).
Artihkkal, mii vuođđuduvvá Sámi allaskuvlla semináras ´Sámegielaid
buolvvaidgaskasaš sirdaseapmi: Ohcamin vugiide bearráigeahččat gielladili´
12.10.2005 dollojuvvon logaldallamii. Almmuhuvvon skábmamánus 2005
semináraraporttas http://www.samiskhs.no/.
Aikio-Puoskari, Ulla (2005). Sámegiela ja –kultuvrra ealáskahttin Soađegili Vuohčus
[The Revitalization of Saami Language and Culture in Vuotso, Sodankylä]. Article,
based on a lecture at the seminár ´Sámegielaid buolvvaidgaskasaš sirdaseapmi:
Ohcamin vugiide bearráigeahččat gielladili´ 12.10.2005 , Sámi allaskuvla/ Saami
University College, Kautokeino Norway. Published in November 2005 on internet
<http://www.samiskhs.no/>.
Aikio-Puoskari, Ulla (2005). Saamelaisopetuksen asema ja tilanne [The status and
situation of Saami Education in Finland]. In Korkeakoski, Esko (toim.). Koulutuksen
perusturva ja oppimisen tuki perusopetuksessa, osaraportti 3: Syventävät artikkelit.
Koulutuksen arviointineuvoston julkaisuja 10. Jyväskylä: Jyväskylän yliopisto, 2940.
Aikio-Puoskari, Ulla (2005). Saamelaisopetuksen asema ja tilanne [The status and
4
situation of Saami Education in Finland]. In Korkeakoski, Esko (toim.). Koulutuksen
perusturva ja oppimisen tuki perusopetuksessa, osaraportti 1: Arviointiraportti.
Koulutuksen arviointineuvoston julkaisuja 8. Jyväskylä: Jyväskylän yliopisto, 24-25.
[Summary of 2005a]. www.edev.fi/portal/julkaisu.
Aikio-Puoskari, Ulla (2005). The Education of the Sámi in the Comprehensive Schooling
of Three Nordic Countries: Norway, Finland and Sweden/ Sámeoahpahusa sadji
golmma Davviriikka vuođđoskuvlavuogadagas. Series Gáldu čála, 2/2005, ed. Magne
Ove Varsi, Guovdageaidnu: The Resource Centre for the Rights of Indigenous
Peoples [http://www.galdu.org]. [two separate publications, one in North Saami, one
in English].
Aikio-Puoskari, Ulla (2006). Raporta sámeoahpahusas Davviriikkaid vuođđoskuvllain [A
Report on the Sámi Education in the Nordic Compulsory Schools. A Nordic
Comparison from the perspective of the basic prerequisites of education]. Three
separate publications (original manuscripts in North Sámi and in Finnish, translated
into Swedish). Anár/ Inari: Sámi parlamentáralaš Ráđđi/ Sámediggi.
Aikio-Puoskari, Ulla (2006). Raporta sámeoahpahusas Davviriikkaid vuođđoskuvllain [A
Report on the Sámi Education in the Nordic Compulsory Schools]. [Three separate
publications (original manuscripts in North Sámi and in Finnish, translated into
Swedish). Anár: Sámi parlamentáralaš Ráđđi/ Sámediggi.
Aikio-Puoskari, Ulla (2006). Raportti saamelaisopetuksesta Pohjoismaiden
peruskouluissa [A Report on the Sámi Education in the Nordic Compulsory Schools].
[Three separate publications (original manuscripts in North Sámi and in Finnish,
translated into Swedish). Inari: Saamelainen Parlamentaarinen Neuvosto/
Saamelaiskäräjät.
Aikio-Puoskari, Ulla (2006). Rapport om den samiska undervisningen i grundskolorna i
Norden [A Report on the Sámi Education in the Nordic Compulsory Schools]. [Three
separate publications; original manuscripts in North Sámi and in Finnish, translated
into Swedish]. Enare: Samiskt Parlamentariskt Råd/ Sametinget.
Aikio-Puoskari, Ulla (2006). Raportti saamelaisopetuksesta Pohjoismaiden
peruskouluissa/ Raporta sámeoahpahusas Davviriikkaid vuođđoskuvllain (A Report
on Saami Education in the Nordic Compulsory Schools). Prepared for the Sami
Parliamentary Assembly. [Three separate publications (original manuscripts in North
Sámi and in Finnish, translated into Swedish). Guovdageaidnu: Sámi Parliament in
Norway. 120 p. each].
Aikio-Puoskari, Ulla (2006). Raporta sámeoahpahusas Davviriikkaid vuođđoskuvllain [A
Report on the Sámi Education in the Nordic Compulsory Schools. A Nordic
Comparison from the perspective of the basic prerequisites of education]. Three
separate publications (original manuscripts in North Sámi and in Finnish, translated
into Swedish). Anár/ Inari: Sámi parlamentáralaš Ráđđi/ Sámediggi.
Aikio-Puoskari, Ulla( 2007). ´Saamelaisopetus osana suomalaista peruskoulua –
kielenvaihdoksen vai revitalisaation edistäjä?´ [The Sámi Education as a part of the
Finnish Comprehensive School – towards a Language Shift or Revitalization?]. In
Aikio, Ante and Jussi Ylikoski (eds). Sámit, sánit, sátnehámit. Riepmočála Pekka
Sammallahtii miessemánu 21. beaivve 2007. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran
Toimituksia = Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne, 253, 73-84.
Aikio-Puoskari, Ulla (2009). ‘The Ethnic Revival, Language and Education of the Sámi,
5
an Indigenous People, in three Nordic Countries (Finland, Norway and Sweden)’. In
Mohanty, Ajit, Minati Panda, Robert Phillipson and Tove Skutnabb-Kangas (eds).
Multilingual Education for Social Justice: Globalising the Local. New Delhi: Orient
BlackSwan, 216-237.
Aikio-Puoskari, Ulla (2009). The Ethnic Revival, Language and Education of the Sámi,
an Indigenous People, in three Nordic Countries (Finland, Norway and Sweden). In
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove, Phillipson, Robert, Mohanty, Ajit & Panda, Minati (eds).
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isoäidin elämä muutoksen mittatikkuna [From a Saami way of life to Saami clture –
grandmother’s life as the measuring instrument for change]. In Aikio-Puoskari, Ulla
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saamelaisista [A village in cultural crossroads. Articles on the Vuotso Saami ].
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Peura, Markku & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1994). Inledning (Preface). In Peura, Markku
& Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (red.). ”Man kan vara tvåländare också”. Den
sverigefinska minoritetens väg från tystnad till kamp (You can be twocountrial too.
The road of the Sweden-Finnish minority from silence to struggle),
Sverigefinländarnas Arkiv, Stockholm, 2-8.
Peura, Markku and Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (eds) (1994). ”Man kan vara tvåländare
också”. Den sverigefinska minoritetens väg från tystnad till kamp. (You can be
bicountrial too. The road of the Sweden-Finnish minority from silence to struggle).
Stockholm: Sverigefinländarnas Arkiv. 189 pp.
Peyton, Joy Kreeft & Christian, Donna (2014). Afterword. Heritage, Community, and
Native American Language Education: Looking to the Future. In Wiley, Terrence G.,
Peyton, Joy Kreeft, Christian, Donna, Moore, Sarah Catherine K., & Liu, Na (eds).
Handbook of Heritage, Community, and Native American Languages in the United
States. Research, Policy, and Educational Practice. New York & London: Routledge,
and Washington, D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics, 377-383.
Pfeiffer Bradley, Anita (1975). Designing a bilingual curriculum. In Troike, Rudolph C.
and Modiano, Nancy (eds). Proceedings of the First Inter-American Conference on
Bilingual Education. Arlington, Virginia: Center for Applied Linguistics, 132-139.
Phillips, Alan (1994). Introduction. In Eide (1994), 5-8.
Phillips, Peter, Huff, Mickey & Higdon, Nolan (2014). Ukraine: Another Step in
Capitalism’s Global Dominance. Strategies and Power Inside the Transnational
Corporate Class and US-NATO Global Empire. In Lendman, Stephen (ed.).
Flashpoint in Ukraine. How the US Drive for Hegemony Risks World War III.
Atlanta, GA: Clarity Press, 54-63.
Phillipson, Robert (1973). Spare Time. London: Longman.
Phillipson, Robert (1982). Danish-English phonology: a study of obstruent learning,
Scandinavian Working Papers on Bilingualism 1, 73-88.
Phillipson, Robert (1988). Linguicism: structures and ideologies in linguistic imperialism.
In Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Cummins, Jim (eds). Minority education: from shame
to struggle. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 339-358.
Phillipson, Robert (1989). Fra fonologi til fonetiske tommelfingerregler. In Kasper,
Gabriele & Wagner, Johannes (eds). Bogen om fremmedsprogspædagogik.
København: Gyldendal, 201-212.
Phillipson, Robert (1991). Some items on the hidden agenda of second/foreign language
acquisition. In Phillipson, Robert, xxx (eds). Foreign/second language pedagogy
research: a commemorative volume for Claus Færch, 38-51.
Phillipson, Robert (1992). ELT - the native speaker’s burden? ELT Journal, Special
IATEFL 25th Anniversary number, 46:1, 12-18.
255
Phillipson, Robert (1992). Linguistic imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Phillipson, Robert (1993). Human rights and foreign languages. In Sajavaara, Kari,
Takala, Sauli, Lambert, R. D. & Morfit, C. (eds). National foreign language
planning: practices and problems, Jyväskylä: Institute for Education Research,
University of Jyväskylä.
Phillipson, Robert (1993). Language and identity, national and transnational. In
Bechdorf, Ute et al. (eds). Watching Europe: A Media and Cultural Studies Reader.
Tübingen: Tübinger Vereinigung für Volkskunde e.v., and Amsterdam Cultural
Studies Foundation, 185-196 (Annual Publication of the European Network for Media
and Cultural Studies, volume 2 & 3).
Phillipson, Robert (1994). English language spread policy. International Journal of the
Sociology of Language, 107, 7-24.
Phillipson, Robert (1995). Historischer Abriss der britischen Sprachpolitik. Paper given
at Sprachenpolitik in Europa. Politik einer Verständigung der regionen?
Tagesveranstaltung des Lessing-Kollegs Marburg, 6. bis 8. Oktober 1995.
Themenschwerpunkt 1. Sprachenpolitik im historischen Vergleich. xx check
Phillipson, Robert (1996). ELT: the native speaker’s burden. In Hedge, Tricia &
Whitney, Norman (eds). Power pedagogy and practice. Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 23-30.
Phillipson, Robert (1996). Linguistic imperialism - African perspectives. English
Language Teaching Journal 50/2, 160-167.
Phillipson, Robert (1996). The UN Agenda for Development: The Role of Language. In
Vers un agenda linguistique: regard futuriste sur les nations unies, Towards a
language agenda: futurist outlook on the United Nations, ed. Sylvie Léger, Ottawa:
Canadian Centre for Linguistic Rights, University of Ottawa, 399-422.
Phillipson, Robert (1997). Geschichte der britischen Sprachpolitik. In Sporrer, Susanne &
Weber, Mirjam (red.). Sprachenpolitik in Europa - Sprachenpolitik für Europa.
Materialen zum Internationalen Kulturaustausch. Stuttgart: Institut für
Auslandsbeziehungen, 46-52.
Phillipson, Robert (1997). Realities and myths of linguistic imperialism. Journal of
Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 18/3, 238-247.
Phillipson, Robert (1997). Review of Claude Piron ‘Le défi des langues: du gâchis au bon
sens’ (The languages challenge: from waste to common sense). Language in Society,
26:1, 143-147.
Phillipson, Robert (1997). The politics of English Language Teaching. In Wodak, Ruth &
Corson, David (eds). Language Policy and Political Issues in Education, Volume 1
of Encyclopedia of Language and Education. Dordrecht/Boston/London: Kluwer
Academic Publishers, 201-210.
Phillipson, Robert (1998). Globalizing English: are linguistic human rights an alternative
to linguistic imperialism? In Benson, Phil, Grundy, Peter & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove
(eds) (1998). Language rights. Special volume. Language Sciences 20:1, 101-112.
Phillipson, Robert (1998). Review of ‘English as a global language’ by David Crystal.
The European English Messenger. Newsletter of the European Society for the Study
of English) VII:1, 53-56.
Phillipson, Robert (1999). International languages and international human rights. In
Kontra, Miklós, Phillipson, Robert, Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Várady, Tibor (eds).
256
Language: A Right and a Resource. Approaches to Linguistic Human Rights.
Budapest: Central European University Press, 25-46.
Phillipson, Robert (1999). Political science. In Fishman, Joshua (ed.). Handbook of
language and ethnic identity. New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press, 94-108.
Phillipson, Robert (1999). Voice in global English: unheard chords in Crystal loud and
clear. Review article on ‘English as a global language’ by David Crystal. Applied
Linguistics 20:2, 288-299.
Phillipson, Robert (2000). Angelsächsische Sprachförderungspolitik. In Ammon, Ulrich
(ed.) Sprachförderung. Schlüssel auswärtiger Kulturpolitik. Frankfurt am Main: Peter
Lang, 121-134.
Phillipson, Robert (2000). English as an exclusionary language. In Reisigl, Martin &
Wodak, Ruth (eds). The semiotics of racism. Aproaches in critical discourse analysis.
Vienna: Passagen Verlag, 157-176.
Phillipson, Robert (2000). English in the new world order: variations on a theme of
linguistic imperialism and ‘world’ English. In Ricento, Thomas (ed.). Ideology,
politics and language policies: Focus on English, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 87106.
Phillipson, Robert (2000). English, or no to English in Scandinavia? In Holmen, Anne &
Jørgensen, J. Normann (eds). Sprogs status i Danmark år 2001. Copenhagen:
Danmarks Pædagogiske Universitet, (Copenhagen Studies in Bilingualism volume
32) 139-152.
Phillipson, Robert (2000). European language policy: an unmet sociolinguistic challenge.
Sociolinguistica 14, The Future of European Sociolinguistics, 197-204.
Phillipson, Robert (2000). Living with vision and commitment. Editor’s Integrative
Comment. In Phillipson, Robert (ed.). Rights to language: equity, power and
education, Mahwah, NJ: New York: Lawrence Erlbaum, 264-278.
Phillipson, Robert (2001). English for globalisation or for the world’s people. International
Review of Education, special issue on Globalization, Language and Education, ed.
Birgit Brock-Utne, 47/3-4, 185-200.
Phillipson, Robert (2001). English, or no to English in Scandinavia? English Today, 17/2,
22-28.
Phillipson, Robert (2001). Global English and local language policies: what Denmark
needs. Language Problems and Language Planning, 25/1, 1-24.
Phillipson, Robert (2002). English for emerging or submerging multiple European
identities? In Kirk, John & Ó Baoill, Dónall P. (eds). Language planning and
education: Linguistic issues in Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, and
Scotland. Belfast: Belfast Studies in Language, Culture and Politics, Queen’s
University Belfast, 267-278.
Phillipson, Robert (2002). Global English and local language policies. In Kirkpatrick,
Andy (ed.) English in Asia: Communication, identity, power and education,
Melbourne: Language Australia, 7-28.
Phillipson, Robert (2002). Internaciaj lingvoy kaj internaciaj homaj rajtoj. EsperantoDokumentoj 37E, Rotterdam: Universal Esperanto-Asocio. Translation into
Esperanto of ‘International languages and international human rights”, originally
published in Language: a right and a resource. Approaching linguistic human rights,
ed. Miklós Kontra, Robert Phillipson, Tove Skutnabb-Kangas & Tibor Várady,
257
Budapest: Central European University Press, 1999, 25-46. This text has subsequently
been translated for the Esperanto Associations of Brazil, Italy and Mexico into
Portuguese, Italian, and Spanish.
Phillipson, Robert (2003). English for or against European diversity? And is the issue a
global one? Keynote paper at the International conference on Language, Education
and Diversity, University of Waikato, Hamilton, Aotearoa/New Zealand, 26-29
November 2003.
Phillipson, Robert (2003). English for or against linguistic diversity, European evidence.
In a CD Rom edited by Stephen May, M. Franken, & Richard Barnard. LED 2003:
Refereed Conference Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Language,
Education and Diversity. Hamilton: Wilf Malcolm Institute of Educational Research,
University of Waikato, New Zealand.
Phillipson, Robert (2003). English for the globe, or only for globe-trotters? In de Cillia,
Rudolf, Krumm, Hans-Jürgen & Wodak, Ruth (eds). Die Kosten der
Mehrsprachigkeit. Globalisierung und sprachliche Vielfalt, The cost of
multilingualism. Gobalisation and linguistic diversity. Vienna: Verlag der
Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 93-100.
Phillipson, Robert (2003). English for the globe, or only for globe-trotters? The world of
the EU. In Mair, Christian (ed.). The politics of English as a world language. New
Horizons in postcolonial cultural studies. Amsterdam & New York: Rodopi, 19-30.
Phillipson, Robert (2003). English-only Europe? Challenging language policy. London:
Routledge. Translated into Esperanto (by István Ertl) as Ču nur-angla Eŭropo? Defio
al lingva politiko, in Europo de posedantoj. Rotterdam: Universala Esperanto-Asocio,
2004, and into Italian 2013. There is a 5-page summary of the book on
<www.tejo.org/uea/summary_of_English-only_Europe.>
Phillipson, Robert (2003). Reprint of 1) “Linguistic imperialism re-visited - or reinvented. A rejoinder to a review essay.” International Journal of Applied Linguistics,
9/1, 1998, 135-137; and “A closing word”, 142; 2) “Voice in global English: unheard
chords in Crystal loud and clear”, Review article on ‘English as a global language’ by
David Crystal, Applied Linguistics 20/2, 1999, 265-276; 3) Closing word: response to
Crystal, The European English Messenger, VIII/1, 1999, 65-66. In Controversies in
applied linguistics, ed. Barbara Seidlhofer, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 33-75.
Phillipson, Robert (2004). English in globalization: Three approaches. Review article,
books by de Swaan, Bloch and Cameron, and Brutt-Griffler. Journal of Language,
Identity and Education 3, 73-84.
Phillipson, Robert (2005). Europejczycy właśicielami języka angielsko? Are Europeans
the owners of English? In Galor, Zbigniew (ed.). Europa właśicieli. Poznan:
Department of Social Sciences, Agricultural University in Poznan, 107-126.
Translation into Polish of 22 pages from Ču nur-angla Eŭropo? Defio al lingva
politico (Engish-only Europe? Challenging language policy).
Phillipson, Robert (2005). Figuring out the Englishisation of Europe. In Leung, Constant
& Jenkins, Jennifer (eds). Reconfiguring Europe: The Contribution of Applied
Linguistics. London: Equinox.
Phillipson, Robert (2005). Linguistic imperialism. Entry in Brown, Keith (ed.).
Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Second edition, volume 10, 44-47 (under
‘Linguistic pragmatics’, ms 4309). Oxford: Elsevier.
258
Phillipson, Robert (2006). ”It’s the economy, stupid” (President Clinton) - eller har den
sproglige mangfoldighed en chance? Kronik, Sprogforum 36, 4-7.
Phillipson, Robert (2006). Colonization and decolonization / Kolonisation und
Dekolonisation. Entry 226 in Sociolinguistics / Soziolinguistik. An International
Handbook of the Science of Language and Society. Ein Internationales Handbuch zur
Wissenschaft von Sprache und Gesellschaft, second completely revised and extended
edition, volume 3. Edited by Ulrich Ammon, Norbert Dittmar, Klaus J. Mattheier &
Peter Trudgill. Berlin: de Gruyter, 2233-2240.
Phillipson, Robert (2006). English, A Cuckoo in the European Higher Education Nest of
Languages? European Journal of English Studies 10:1, 13-32.
Phillipson, Robert (2006). Figuring out the Englishisation of Europe. In Leung, Constant
& Jenkins, Jennifer (eds). Reconfiguring Europe: The Contribution of Applied
Linguistics. London: Equinox, and British Association for Applied Linguistics, 65-86.
Phillipson, Robert (2006). Language Policy and Linguistic Imperialism. In Ricento,
Thomas (ed.). An Introduction to Language Policy. Theory and Method. Oxford:
Blackwells, 346-361.
Phillipson, Robert (2006). Language spread / Sprachverbreitung. Entry 231 in
Sociolinguistics / Soziolinguistik. An International Handbook of the Science of
Language and Society. Ein Internationales Handbuch zur Wissenschaft von Sprache
und Gesellschaft, second completely revised and extended edition, volume 3. Edited
by Ulrich Ammon, Norbert Dittmar, Klaus J. Mattheier & Peter Trudgill. Berlin: de
Gruyter, 2299-2306.
Phillipson, Robert (2006). Review of Michael Cronin, ‘Translation and globalization’,
Language policy, 5: 227-232.
Phillipson, Robert (2006). Interview with Mart Rannut 2006.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJhHyvFNXgE.
Phillipson, Robert (2007). English in Europe: threat or promise? In Language, power and
identity politics, ed. Máiréad Nic Craith. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 65-82.
Phillipson, Robert (2007). English, No Longer a Foreign Language in Europe? In
Cummins, Jim & Davison, Chris (eds). International Handbook of English Language
Teaching, Parts 1-2. New York: Springer, 123-136.
Phillipson, Robert (2007). Kakukkfióka-e az angol az európai felsőoktatás nyelvi
fészkében? (Hungarian translation of ‘English, a cuckoo in the European higher
education nest of languages?’ European Journal of English Studies, 10/1, 2006). JelKép: Kommunikáció, közvélemény, média (Sign and Picture: communication, public
opinion, media), 2007/2: 79-97 (Journal of The Foundation for Hungarian Media and
the Communication Theory Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest).
Phillipson, Robert (2007). Linguistic Imperialism: A Conspiracy, or a Conspiracy of
Silence? Language Policy 6(3-4), 377-383.
Phillipson, Robert (2007). Multilingual universities in Europe - criteria for success. In Let
2007 truly be the year of equal opportunities at the Babeş-Bolyai University. Public
hearing in the European Parliament, Brussels, 9 October 2007. ed. Emese Medgyesi.
Cluj-Napoca/Kolozsár: Stúdium, 12-19. Also in Hungarian in the same publication,
pp. 154-162, and in Romanian, pp. 294-302.
Phillipson, Robert (2007). Review of Angel M.Y. Lin and Peter W. Martin (eds.) 2005
259
‘Decolonisation, globalisation: Language-in-education policy and practice’. Studies in
Second Language Acquisition, 29:1, 139-141.
Phillipson, Robert (2007). Review of Vartiainen 2004. ‘The legitimacy of evaluation. A
comparison of Finnish and English institutional evaluations of higher education’.
Language and Education, 21/4: 360-361.
Phillipson, Robert (2008). English as threat or resource in continental Europe. In
Language and politics, ed. Wayne H. Finke and Leonard R. N. Ashley. New York:
The American Society of Geolinguistics, 1-13.
Phillipson, Robert (2008). Language Policy and Education in the European Union. In
Volume 1. Language Policy and Political Issues in Education, eds. Stephen May and
Nancy H. Hornberger. Encyclopedia of Language and Education, 2nd edition. New
York: Springer, 255-266.
Phillipson, Robert (2008). Lingua franca or lingua frankensteinia? English in European
integration and globalisation. World Englishes, 27/2, 250-284, a ‘Forum’ consisting
of the article, responses by seven scholars and a closing word by Robert Phillipson.
Phillipson, Robert (2008). The linguistic imperialism of neoliberal empire. Critical
Inquiry in Language Studies, 5/1, 2008, 1-43.
Phillipson, Robert (2008). The new linguistic imperial order: Lessons from Europe of
worldwide relevance. In Towards equitable language policy in Asia, ed. Goro
Christoph Kimura. Tokyo: European Institute, Sophia University and Japana
Esperanto-Instituto.
Phillipson, Robert (2008). Is there any unity in diversity in language policies national and
supranational? English as an EU lingua franca or lingua frankensteinia? In Stickel,
Gerhard (ed.). National and European Language Policies. Frankfurt am Main: Peter
Lang, 145-154.
Phillipson, Robert (2009).Review of (Re-)locating TESOL in of age of empire, (ed.)
Julian Edge. Language and Education 23: 2, 191-194.
Phillipson, Robert (2009). The Tension Between Linguistic Diversity and dominant
English. In Mohanty, Ajit, Minati Panda, Robert Phillipson and Tove SkutnabbKangas (eds). Multilingual Education for Social Justice: Globalising the Local. New
Delhi: Orient BlackSwan, 79-94.
Phillipson, Robert (2009). The Tension Between Linguistic Diversity and dominant
English. In Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove, Phillipson, Robert, Mohanty, Ajit & Panda,
Minati (eds). Social Justice through Multilingual Education. Bristol: Multilingual
Matters, 85-102.
Phillipson, Robert (2009). Linguistic imperialism continued. Delhi: Orient Blackswan.
Phillipson, Robert (2009). Linguistic imperialism continued. New York:
Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
Phillipson, Robert (2010). The politics and the personal in language education: the state
of which art? Review article on The politics of language education. Individuals and
institutions, edited by J. Charles Alderson. Language and education, 24/2, 151-166.
Alderson’s response, pp. 167-168. RP’s Final comment, p. 169.
Phillipson, Robert (2010). Interview with Miguel Strubell at the Open University of
Barcelona in connection with receiving the 2010 UNESCO Linguapax Prize:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pNKWz0xylzI.
Phillipson, Robert (2010). Riz Khan show, Al Jazeera, 21 October 2010.
260
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJhHyvFNXgE
Phillipson, Robert (2010). A response to the article ’’English as an international
language: Challenges and possibilities’’ by Michael Clyne and Farzad Sharifian.
Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 31:3. Phillipson, Robert 2011.
Americanización e inglesización como procesos de ocupación global. Discurso &
Sociedad, Vol. 5(1), 96-131.
http://www.dissoc.org/ediciones/v05n01/DS5%281%29Phillipson.pdf.
Phillipson, Robert (2010). Greek translation of the Foreword to The hegemony of English
by Donaldo Macedo, Bessie Dendrinos and Panayota Gounari (second edition).
Thessaloniki: EIIIKENTPO A.E, pp. 9-48.
Phillipson, Robert (2010). Danish language policy. Nothing world-class here. In Sprogs
status i Danmark 2021, ed. J. Normann Jørgensen and Anne Holmen. København:
Københavns Universitet, Humanistisk Fakultet, 63-76. (Københavner Studier i
Tosprogethed 58).
Phillipson, Robert (2011). Robert Phillipson responds to Humphrey Tonkin’s Language
and the ingenuity gap in science: The empire of scientific English. Critical Inquiry in
Language Studies, 8/1, 117-124.
Phillipson, Robert (2011). The EU and Languages: Diversity in What Unity? In Kjær,
Anne Lise & Adamo, Silvia (eds). Linguistic Diversity and European Democracy.
Farnham & Burlington; Ashgate, 57-74.
Phillipson, Robert (2011). L’imperialismo linguistico inglese continua. With a Postscript,
“Il collaborazionismo italiano di Regime” by Giorgio Pagano. Roma: “Esperanto”
Radikala Asocio. www.democrazialinguistica.it.
Phillipson, Robert (2011). Power Point talk slides at the launch of an Italian translation
of Linguistic imperialism continued. http://www.democrazialinguistica.it/it/primapagina/110-notizieera/politica-e-lingue/robert-phillipson/462-limperialismolinguistico-inglese-continua.html.
Phillipson, Robert (2011). Cross Talk on Russia Today, Peter Lavelle, English v. Globish,
6 May 2011. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CjXn3lW5wQ4
Phillipson, Robert (2011). Colloque ‘Le français et la montée des pays émergents’,
Théâtre de l’Institut Français, Paris, organizé par La Délégation Générale du Québec,
20 June. Panel debate. Text of talk published on the website
http://www.planetagora.org/blog/index.php?2011/06/23/277-langlais-global-mytheou-realite-par-robert-phillipson.
The text has also been translated from French into Esperanto, see weblink:
La tutmonda angla : mito aŭ realaĵo ?
Phillipson, Robert (2011). Keynote lecture ‘Creating multilingual education at Nordic
universities: challenges and obstructions’ at the conference Four or more languages
for all: language policy challenges of the future, Tórshavn, the Faroes, 22-24 August
2011. The 40-minute lecture can be downloaded:
http://www.socdev.fo/pages/malpolitikk_uk/keynotes_lectures.php as can the
accompanying PowerPoint slides:
http://www.socdev.fo/pages/malpolitikk_uk/presentations2.php.
Phillipson, Robert (2012). Linguistic vitality under pressure: German in a neoimperial
age. In Oberreuter, Heinrich, Krull, Wilhelm, Meyer, Hans Joachim & Ehlich, Konrad
(Hg.). Deutsch in der Wissenschaft. Ein politischer und wissenschaftlicher Diskurs.
261
München: Olzog Verlag, 217-231.
Phillipson, Robert (2012). English: from British empire to corporate empire.
Sociolinguistic Studies, 5/3, (2011) 441-464.
Phillipson, Robert (2012). Review Essay. Languages, genocide, and justice in the
European integration process. Review article on Indigenous Children’s Education as
Linguistic Genocide and a Crime against Humanity? A Global View (SkutnabbKangas and Dunbar) and Linguistic Justice for Europe and for the World (van Parijs).
Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 20/3, 377-381.
Phillipson, Robert (2012). How to strengthen the sociolinguistics of globalization: A
review article based on challenges in The sociolinguistics of globalization by Jan
Blommaert. Critical Discourse Studies 9:4, 407-414.
Phillipson, Robert (2012). Foreword to English as Hydra. Its impact on non-English
language cultures, ed. Vaughan Rapatahana and Pauline Bunce. Bristol: Multilingual
Matters, xx-xxv.
Phillipson, Robert (2012). Creando un balance entre o ingles e as linguas locais. In
Lingua e Ecoloxía, VIII Xornadas sobre Lingua e Usos, ed. Goretti Sanmartin Rei. A
Coruña: Universidad da Coruña, Servizo de Normalizacíon Lingüística, 179-194.
Phillipson, Robert (2012). One area, one market, one language: linguistic
McDonaldisation and EU rhetoric. In Sprache(n) als europäisches Kulturgut.
Languages as European cultural asset. Claudia Schmidt-Hahn (Hrsg.). Innsbruck:
Studienverlag, 115-126.
Phillipson, Robert (2012). Engelskan som pandemi? Språkbruk 1/2012, 5- 13.
www.sprakbruk.fi.
Phillipson, Robert (2012). Imperialism and colonialism. In The Cambridge Handbook of
Language Policy, ed. Bernard Spolsky. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 203235.
Phillipson, Robert (2012). Some partner languages are more equal than others. In Forum
International de Bamako sur le multilinguisme, “Une première étape vers un Sommet
Mondial sur le Multilinguisme”, Bamako, Mali, 19-21 janvier 2009, Actes du Forum.
Bamako: Académie Africaine des Langues, 139-151. www.acalan.org.
Phillipson, Robert (2012). L’inglese: una pandemia? Multilinguismo e Società 2011, 143154 (translation into Italian of ‘English: a pandemic?’. In Kristin Henrard (ed.), Socioeconomic participation of minorities in relation to their right to (respect for) identity.
Leiden: Brill, 2013).
Phillipson, Robert (2012). www.tesolacademic.org, keynote lecture, recorded 31 January
2012.
Phillipson, Robert (2012). Danmarks Radio, P1 Formiddag, gæst hos Poul Friis, 3.
februar 2012, kl. 9.10 – 10.00. Drømmen om et verdenssprog,
http://www.dr.dk/P1/P1Formiddag/Udsendelser/2012/02/02122153.htm
Phillipson, Robert (2012).
Phillipson, Robert (2013). English as pandemic? In Henrard, Kristin (ed.). The
interrelation between the right to identity of minorities and their socio-economic
participation. Studies in International Minority and Group Rights, Volume 2. Leiden
and Boston: Brill/ Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 189-204.
Phillipson, Robert (2014). Americanization and Englishization as Processes of Global
Occupation. In Orelus, Pierre Wilbert (ed.). Affirming Language Diversity in Schools
262
and Society. Beyond Linguistic Apartheid. New York / London: Routledge, 188-214.
Phillipson, Robert (ed.) (2000). Rights to language. Equity, power and education.
Celebrating the 60th Birthday of Tove Skutnabb-Kangas. Mahwah, NJ & London:
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1983). Cultilingualism - papers in cultural
and communicative (in)competence. Roskilde: Roskilde University Centre,
ROLIG-papir 28.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1985). Can increased metacommunicative
awareness solve inter- cultural communication difficulties? In Skutnabb-Kangas,
Tove & Phillipson, Robert (1985). Educational strategies in multilingual contexts.
Roskilde: Roskilde University Centre, ROLIG-papir 35, (also on ERIC microfiche,
ED 345 566), 56-64.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1985). Can increased metacommunicative
awareness solve inter- cultural communication difficulties?. In Methods in Contact
Linguistic Research, ed. Peter H Nelde, Bonn: Dümmler, 299-308. (reprint of
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1985). Can increased
metacommunicative awareness solve inter- cultural communication difficulties? In
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert (1985). Educational strategies in
multilingual contexts. Roskilde: Roskilde University Centre, ROLIG-papir 35, (also
on ERIC microfiche, ED 345 566), 56-64).
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1985). Four languages round the dinner
table, part 2. The Bilingual Family Newsletter, 2:4, 3-4.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1985). Support for bilingualism in the
family. Sproglæreren 7, 10-13.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1986). Linguicism Rules in Education,
Parts 1-3. Roskilde: Roskilde University Centre, Institute VI, 687 p..
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1987). Sprog og magt: English rules the
waves. Fructus 6, 20-21 (Language and power: English rules the waves).
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1987). Support for bilingualism in the
family. Språk og Språkundervisning, 1987:1 (reprint of Phillipson, Robert &
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1985). Support for bilingualism in the family.
Sproglæreren 7, 10-13).
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1989). Internasjonal konferanse om
menneskerettigheter i Kurdistan, Mennesker og Rettigheter, Nordic Journal on
Human Rights 3, 48-51 (International conference on human rights in Kurdistan).
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1989). Internasjonal konferanse om
menneskerettigheter i Kurdistan, Mennesker og Rettigheter, Nordic Journal on
Human Rights 3, 48-51 (International conference on human rights in Kurdistan).
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1989). Linguistic Human Rights and the
Kurdish Language. In Human Rights in Kurdistan, Documentation of the
International Conference on Human Rights in Kurdistan. Bremen: The Initiative
for Human Rights in Kurdistan, 60-68.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1989). Sprachliche Menschenrechte und
die kurdische Sprache. In Meschenrechte in Kurdistan, Dokumentation zur
Internationalen Konferenz Menschenrechte in Kurdistan. Bremen: Initiative
„Menschenrechte in Kurdistan“, 63-72. (translation of Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-
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Kangas, Tove (1989). Linguistic Human Rights and the Kurdish Language. In
Human Rights in Kurdistan, Documentation of the International Conference on
Human Rights in Kurdistan. Bremen: The Initiative for Human Rights in Kurdistan,
60-68).
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1990). Keeleliste inimoiguste
ulddeklaratsiooni poole. Keel ja Kirjandus 2, Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia ja Eesti
Kirjanike Liidu Ajakiri XXXIII, 79-83.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1990). Language Rights as Human Rights;
Perspectives from Sociology and Education. In Droits Linguistiques/Droits de
l’Homme; Language Rights/Human Rights; Sprachenrechte/Menschenrechte,
Colloque International, Conseil de l’Europe, Strasbourg, 15-17 Novembre 1990, 1-21.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1993). Sproglige menneskerettigheder
(Linguistic Human Rights). In Skutnabb-Kangas, Holmen & Phillipson (red.), 8-19.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1994). Country studies: towards
empowerment. Section introduction. In Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert
(eds), in collaboration with Mart Rannut. Linguistic Human Rights. Overcoming
Linguistic Discrimination. Contributions to the Sociology of Language 67. Berlin &
New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 133-139.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1994). Discrimination and Minority
Languages. In The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Pergamon Press &
Aberdeen University Press, 993-995.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1994). English, Panacea or Pandemic.
Sociolinguistica 8. English only? in Europa/in Europe/en Europe, 73-87.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1994). Language rights in postcolonial
Africa. In Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert (eds), in collaboration with
Mart Rannut. Linguistic Human Rights. Overcoming Linguistic Discrimination.
Contributions to the Sociology of Language 67. Berlin & New York: Mouton de
Gruyter, 335-345.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1994). Linguistic Genocide. In Valodas
politika Baltijas Valstīs/Language Policy in the Baltic States. Rīga: Krājumu
sagatavojis. Latvijas Republikas Valsts valodas centrs, 140-150.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1994). Post-colonial dilemmas and
struggles. Section introduction. In Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert (eds),
in collaboration with Mart Rannut. Linguistic Human Rights. Overcoming
Linguistic Discrimination. Contributions to the Sociology of Language 67. Berlin &
New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 263-269.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1994). The scope of linguistic human
rights. Section introduction. In Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert (eds), in
collaboration with Mart Rannut. Linguistic Human Rights. Overcoming Linguistic
Discrimination. Contributions to the Sociology of Language 67. Berlin & New York:
Mouton de Gruyter, 23-30.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1995). English only worldwide, or
language ecology. In Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1995. Papers in
European language Policy. ROLIG papir 53. Roskilde: Roskilde Universitetscenter,
Lingvistgruppen, 38-54.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1995). English, Panacea or Pandemic.
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Anglofiles. The Journal of The Danish Association of Teachers of English. Marts
‘95, 46-51 (shortened version of Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1994).
English, Panacea or Pandemic. Sociolinguistica 8. English only? in Europa/in
Europe/en Europe, 73-87).
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1995). Is India throwing away its language
resources? In Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1995. Papers in
European language Policy. ROLIG papir 53. Roskilde: Roskilde Universitetscenter,
Lingvistgruppen, 99-102.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1995). Lessons for Europe from Language
Policy in Australia. In Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1995. Papers in
European language Policy. ROLIG papir 53. Roskilde: Roskilde Universitetscenter,
Lingvistgruppen, 3-37.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1995). Papers in European language
policy. ROLIG papir 53. Roskilde: Roskilde Universitetscenter, Lingvistgruppen. 115
pp.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1997). Nyelvi jogok és jogsértések.
Valóság 1, 1997, 12-30 (translation into Hungarian of Linguistic rights and wrongs.
Applied Linguistics 16:4, 1995, 483-504).
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1998). Discrimination and Minority
Languages. In Mey, Jacob L. (ed.). Concise Encyclopedia of Pragmatics. Oxford,
UK: Pergamon Press, for Elsevier Science. (an updated version of the same entry in
Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Elsevier), 263-266.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1998). Linguistic human rights and
English in Europe. In Albrechtsen, Dorte, Henriksen, Birgit, Mees, Inger M. &
Poulsen, Erik (eds). Perspectives on Foreign and Second Language Pedagogy.
Odense: Odense University Press, 279-299 (a slightly updated version of article in
World Englishes 16:1, 1997, Special issue, English in Europe, eds. Marc G.Deneire
& Michaël Goethals, 27-43).
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1999). (Linguistic rights and wrongs;. in
Japanese). In Research group on linguistic rights (ed.). Kotoba e no Kenri (Rights
towards Languages). Tokyo: Sangensya Publishers, 95-128 (translation article from
Applied Linguistics 16:4, 1995, 483-504).
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1999). Englishisation: one dimension of
globalisation. In Graddol, David & Meinhof, Ulrike H. (eds). English in a changing
world. AILA Review 13 Oxford: The English Book Centre, 19-36.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1999). Linguicide. In Spolsky, Bernard
(ed.). Concise Encyclopedia of Educational Linguistics. Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press,
for Elsevier Science (a reprint of the updated version of the same entry, first in
Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Elsevier; then in Mey, Jacob L. (ed.).
Concise Encyclopedia of Pragmatics. Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press, for Elsevier
Science).
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1999). Minority Language Rights. In
Spolsky, Bernard (ed.). Concise Encyclopedia of Educational Linguistics. Oxford, UK:
Pergamon Press, for Elsevier Science (a reprint of the updated version of the entry
‘Discrimination and Minority Languages’, first in Encyclopedia of Language and
Linguistics, Elsevier, then in Mey, Jacob L. (ed.). Concise Encyclopedia of Pragmatics.
265
Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press, for Elsevier Science).
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1999). Mother tongue or other tongue?
European Cultural Foundation Newsletter. Special Theme: Cultural Rights, XXII:2,
June 199, 10-12.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2000). Drepturi si nedreptati lingvistice.
Altera 14, 5-21. [Translation into Romanian of ‘Linguistic rights and wrongs’. Applied
Linguistics 1995, 16(4), 483-504].
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2001). Linguistic Imperialism. In Mesthrie,
Rajend (ed.). Concise Encyclopedia of Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Elsevier Science, 570574.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2002) Englishisation: one dimension of
globalisation. In Gerardo Mazzaferro (ed.) The English language and power.
Alessandria, Italy: Edizioni dell’Orso, 149-168. [reprint of Phillipson, Robert &
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1999). Englishisation: one dimension of globalisation. In
Graddol, David & Meinhof, Ulrike H. (eds). English in a changing world. AILA Review
13 Oxford: The English Book Centre, 19-36].
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2009). The politics and policies of language
and language teaching. In Long, Michael H. and Catherine J. Doughty (eds). The
Handbook of Second and Foreign Language Teaching. Blackwell, 26-41.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2010). Miklós Kontra – Congratulations.
In Csernicskó, István, Fedinec, Cilla, Tarnóczy, Mariann & Vančoné Kremmer, Ildikó
(eds). Utazás a Magyar Nyelv Körülv. Írások Kontra Miklós Tiszteletére.
Segédkönyvek. A Nyelvészet Tanulmányozásához 113. Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó,
13-15.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (eds) (1994). Language Policy in Europe,
Papers from the Round Table on Language Policy in Europe, April 22. 1994,
ROLIG-papir 52, Roskilde: Roskilde Universitetscenter, 48 pp..
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Africa, Hugh (1985). Namibian
educational language planning: English for liberation or neocolonialism?. In
Linguistic liberation and unity of Africa, Kampala: Organisation for African Unity
(OAU) Inter-African Bureau of Languages, 42-59. (reprint of Phillipson, Robert,
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove, & Africa, Hugh (1985). Namibian educational language
planning: English for liberation or neocolonialism?. In Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove &
Phillipson, Robert (1985). Educational strategies in multilingual contexts. Roskilde:
Roskilde University Centre, ROLIG-papir 35, (also on ERIC microfiche, ED 345
566), 4-26).
Phillipson, Robert (1992). Linguistic Imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Phillipson, Robert (2003). English-only Europe? Challenging language policy. London:
Routledge.
Phillipson, Robert (2004). ‘Review article, English in globalization: three approaches
(books by de Swaan, Block and Cameron, and Brutt-Griffler)’. Journal of Language,
Identity, and Education, Vol. 3, No. 1, 73-84.
Phillipson, Robert (2006). ‘English, a cuckoo in the European higher education nest of
languages?’ European Journal of English Studies. Vol. 10, No. 1, 13-32.
Phillipson, Robert (2007). ‘English in Europe: threat or promise?’. In Nic Craith, Máiréad
(ed.). Language, power and identity politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 65-
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82.
Phillipson, Robert (2008). Language policy and education in the European Union. In
May, Stephen and Nancy H. Hornberger (eds). Language policy and political issues
in education. Volume 1 of Encyclopedia of Language and Education, 2nd edition.
New York: Springer, 255-265.
Phillipson, Robert (2008). ‘The linguistic imperialism of neoliberal empire’. Critical
Inquiry in Language Studies. Vol. 5, No.1, 1-43.
Phillipson, Robert (2008). ‘Lingua franca or lingua frankensteinia? English in European
integration and globalisation’. World Englishes, Vol. 27, No. 2, Forum with seven
respondents, 250-284.
Phillipson, Robert (2008). Review of Interpreting studies and beyond. A tribute to
Miriam Shlesinger, ed. Franz Pöchhacker, Arnt Lykke Jakobsen and Inger M. Mees.
Language in Society, 37/5, 766-767.
Phillipson, Robert (2008)). The new linguistic imperial order: English as a European
Union lingua franca or lingua frankensteinia? In ‘Unions: past-present-future’,
Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies, Vol. 1: Issue 2, 189-2003.
Phillipson, Robert (2008). Point de vue anglophone sur l’avenir du français. In L’avenir
du français, ed. Jacques Maurais et al. Paris: Éditions des archives contemporaines,
en partenariat avec l’Agence universitaire de la francophonie, 229-233.
Phillipson, Robert (2008). Lingua franca or lingua frankensteinia? English in European
integration and globalisation. World Englishes, 27/2, 250-284, a ‘Forum’ consisting
of the article, responses by seven scholars and a closing word by Robert Phillipson.
Phillipson, Robert (2008). The new linguistic imperial order: Lessons from Europe of
worldwide relevance. In Towards equitable language policy in Asia, ed. Goro
Christoph Kimura. Tokyo: European Institute, Sophia University and Japana
Esperanto-Instituto.
Phillipson, Robert (2008). The linguistic imperialism of neoliberal empire. Critical
Inquiry in Language Studies, 5/1, (2008), 1-43.
Phillipson, Robert (2008). English as threat or resource in continental Europe. In
Language and politics, ed. Wayne H. Finke and Leonard R. N. Ashley. New York:
The American Society of Geolinguistics, 1-13.
Phillipson, Robert (2008). Language policy and education in the European Union. In
Language policy and political issues in education, volume 1 of Encyclopedia of
Language and Education, 2nd edition, ed. Stephen May and Nancy H. Hornberger.
New York: Springer, 255-265.
Phillipson, Robert (2009). ‘The Tension between Linguistic Diversity and Dominant
English.’ In Mohanty, Ajit, Minati Panda, Robert Phillipson and Tove SkutnabbKangas (eds). Multilingual Education for Social Justice: Globalising the Local. New
Delhi: Orient Longman, 79-94.
Phillipson, Robert (2009). The tension between linguistic diversity and dominant English.
In Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove, Ajit Mohanty, Minati Panda and Robert Phillipson (eds.).
Social justice through multilingual education. Bristol: Multilingual Matters, 85-102.
Phillipson, Robert (2009). Disciplines of English and disciplining by English, Asian EFL
Journal (electronic), December (2009). http://www.asian-efljournal.com/December_(2009)_rp.php.
Phillipson, Robert (2009). English in globalization, a lingua franca or a lingua
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frankensteinia?. TESOL Quarterly 43/2, Symposium: Imaging multilingual TESOL,
335-339.
Phillipson, Robert (2009). English in higher education, panacea or pandemic? In English
in Denmark: Language policy, internationalization and university teaching, volume 9
of Angles of the English-speaking world, ed. Peter Harder. Copenhagen: Museum
Tusculanum Press and the University of Copenhagen, 29-57.
Robert Phillipson (2009). Dialogue and Discourse. In Christian and Critical English
Language Educators in Dialogue: Pedagogical and Ethical Dilemmas, ed. Mary S.
Wong and A. Suresh Canagarajah. London & New York: Routledge, 66-71.
Phillipson, Robert (2009). Is there any unity in diversity in language policies national and
supranational? English as an EU lingua franca or lingua frankensteinia? In National
and European Language Policies. Contributions to the Annual Conference 2008 of
EFNIL in Riga, ed. Gerhard Stickel. Bern: Peter Lang Verlag, 145- 154. (Duisburger
Arbeiten zur Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaft, 73).
Phillipson, Robert (2009). Review of (Re-)Locating TESOL in an age of empire, (ed.)
Julian Edge. TESOL Quarterly, 43/1, 163-166.
Phillipson, Robert (2009). Review of Cultures, Contexts, and World Englishes by
Yamuna Kachru and Larry E. Smith. World Englishes, 38/1, 136-138.
Phillipson, Robert (2009). Review of (Re-)Locating TESOL in an age of empire, (ed.)
Julian Edge, Language in education, 23/2, 191-194.
Phillipson, Robert (2010). Greek translation of the Foreword to The hegemony of English
by Donaldo Macedo, Bessie Dendrinos and Panayota Gounari (second edition).
Thessaloniki: EIIIKENTPO A.E, pp. 9-48.
Phillipson, Robert (2010). Danish language policy. Nothing world-class here. In Sprogs
status i Danmark 2021, ed. J. Normann Jørgensen and Anne Holmen. København:
Københavns Universitet, Humanistisk Fakultet, 63-76. (Københavner Studier i
Tosprogethed 58).
Phillipson, Robert (2010). The politics and the personal in language education: the state
of which art? Review article on The politics of language education. Individuals and
institutions, edited by J. Charles Alderson. Language and education, 24/2, 151-166.
Alderson’s response, pp. 167-168. Robert Phillipson’s Final comment, p. 169.
Phillipson, Robert (2010). Epilogue: querying language in ‘English-medium’ education.
Language and Education, 24/1, 75–79.
Robert Phillipson (2010). A response to the article ‘English as an international language:
Challenges and possibilities’, by Michael Clyne and Farzad Sharifian. Australian
Review of Applied Linguistics, International Forum on English as an International
Language, edited by Farzad Sharifian and Michael Clyne, 31/3, 29.1-29.9.
Phillipson, Robert (2011). Robert Phillipson responds to Humphrey Tonkin’s Language
and the ingenuity gap in science: The empire of scientific English. Critical Inquiry in
Language Studies, 8/1, 117-124.
Phillipson, Robert (2011). The EU and languages: diversity in what unity? In Kjær, Anne
Lise & Adamo, Silvia (eds). Linguistic Diversity and European Democracy. Farnham:
Ashgate, 57-74.
Phillipson, Robert (2012). Imperialism and colonialism. In Spolsky, Bernard (ed.). The
Cambridge Handbook of Language Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
203-225.
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Phillipson, Robert (2012). Some partner languages are more equal than others. In Forum
International de Bamako sur de multilinguisme. “Un première étape vers un Sommet
Mondial sur le Multilinguisme”. Bamako, Mali, 19-21 janvier 2009. Actes du Forum.
Bamako: African Union, ACALAN, Maaya, xx-xx
Phillipson, Robert (2012). Foreword. In Rapatahana, Vaughan and Bunce, Pauline (eds).
English language as Hydra. Bristol: Multilingual Matters. Series Linguistic Diversity
and Language Rights, xx-xv.
Phillipson, Robert (in press). Foreword to The hegemony of English by Donaldo Macedo,
Bessie Dendrinos and Panayota Gounari, (Second edition), Boulder, CO: Paradigm
Publishers.
Phillipson, Robert (in press). Americanisation and Englishisation as processes of global
occupation. Discurso & Sociedad.
Phillipson, Robert (in press). Entries in The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics, .ed.
Carol Chappelle. Wiley-Blackwell.
- Linguistic Imperialism
- Colonialism and Neo-Colonialism in Language Policy and Planning
- Tove Skutnabb-Kangas.
Phillipson, Robert (in press). English: from British empire to corporate empire.
Sociolinguistic Studies.
Phillipson, Robert and Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1995). Is India throwing away its
language resources? Anglofiles. The Journal of The Danish Association of Teachers of
English. Tema: India Today, nr. 94, Dec. 1995, 37-41.
Phillipson, Robert and Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1995). Linguistic rights and wrongs.
Applied Linguistics 16:4, 1995, 483-504.
Phillipson, Robert and Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1996). Colonial language legacies: the
prospects for Kurdish. In Clark, Donald & Williamson, Robert (eds). SelfDetermination: International Perspectives. London: The Macmillan Press and New
York: St.Martin’s Press, 200-213.
Phillipson, Robert and Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1996). Danish scholars and languages of
scientific communication. In Bakmand, Bente, Phillipson, Robert and SkutnabbKangas, Tove (eds) 1996. Papers in Language Policy. Papers from the Language
Policy Conference, 29 January 1996. ROLIG-papir 56. Roskilde: Roskilde
Universitetscenter, 33-42.
Phillipson, Robert and Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1996). Danish scholars and languages of
scientific communication. In Bakmand, Bente, Phillipson, Robert and SkutnabbKangas, Tove (eds) 1996. Papers in Language Policy. Papers from the Language
Policy Conference, 29 January 1996. ROLIG-papir 56. Roskilde: Roskilde
Universitetscenter, 33-42.
Phillipson, Robert and Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1996). English Only Worldwide, or
Language Ecology. TESOL Quarterly 30:3, Special-Topic Issue: Language
Planning and Policy, eds. Thomas Ricento & Nancy Hornberger, 429-452.
Phillipson, Robert and Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1996). Facteurs sociopolitiques et
langues de la communication scientifique. In Actes du colloque Le français et les
langues scientifiques de demain, Montréal, 19-21 mars 1996. Available at
http://www.acfas.ca
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language resources? , English today. The international review of the English
language 12:1, 23-27.
Phillipson, Robert and Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1997). Lessons for Europe from
language policy in Australia. In Pütz, Martin (ed.). 1997. Language Choices.
Conditions, constraints and consequences. Amsterdam 6 Philadelphia: John
Benjamins, 115-159.
Phillipson, Robert and Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1997). Linguistic human rights and
English in Europe. World Englishes 16:1, 1997, Special issue, English in Europe,
eds. Marc G. Deneire & Michaël Goethals, 27-43.
Phillipson, Robert, & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1986). Applied linguists as agents of
wider colonisation - the Gospel of International English. In Phillipson, Robert &
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1986). Linguicism Rules in Education, Parts 1-3. Roskilde:
Roskilde University Centre, Institute VI, 103-123. (reprint of Phillipson, Robert &
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1985). Applied linguists as agents of wider colonisation: the
gospel of International English. Osnabrücker Beiträge zur Sprachtheorie 31
(Sprachenkonkurrenz und gesellschaftliche Planung: das Erbe des
Kolonialismus, ed. Jochen Pleines), 159-179).
Phillipson, Robert, & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1986). English: the language of wider
colonisation. In Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1986). Linguicism
Rules in Education, Parts 1-3. Roskilde: Roskilde University Centre, Institute VI,
344-377.
Phillipson, Robert, & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1988). Language and liberation. In
Namibia - landet uden overgivelse, Flemming Gjedde-Nielsen (ed.). Copenhagen:
World University Service, 67-71.
Phillipson, Robert and Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2012). Getting language rights right. A
response to Makoni. Journal of Multicultural Discourses 7:1, 29-35.
Phillipson, Robert and Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2013). Linguistic imperialism and
endangered languages. In The Handbook of Bilingualism and Multilingualism, second
edition, ed. Tej K. Bhatia and William C. Ritchie. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell,
495-516.
Phillipson, Robert, & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Africa, Hugh (1985). La planification
linguistique de l’enseignement en Namibie: l’anglais pour la liberation ou le
neo-colonialisme?. dans Liberation et unite linguistiques de l’Afrique, Kampala:
l’Organisation de l’Unite Africaine (OUA) Bureau Linguistique Inter-Africain, 45-64.
(translation of Phillipson, Robert, Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove, & Africa, Hugh (1985).
Namibian educational language planning: English for liberation or neocolonialism?.
In Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert (1985). Educational strategies in
multilingual contexts. Roskilde: Roskilde University Centre, ROLIG-papir 35, (also
on ERIC microfiche, ED 345 566), 4-26).
Phillipson, Robert, Kellerman, Eric, Selinker, Larry, Sharwood Smith, Mike & Swain,
Merrill (eds) (1991). Foreign/second language pedagogy research: a commemorative
volume for Claus Faerch. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Phillipson, Robert, Rannut, Mart & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1994). Introduction. In
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert (eds), in collaboration with Mart
Rannut. Linguistic Human Rights. Overcoming Linguistic Discrimination.
Contributions to the Sociology of Language 67. Berlin & New York: Mouton de
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Gruyter, 1-22.
Phillipson, Robert, Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Africa, Hugh (1985). Namibian
educational language planning: English for liberation or neocolonialism?. In
Language and education in multilingual settings, ed. B. Spolsky, Clevedon:
Multilingual Matters 25, 77-95. (reprint of Phillipson, Robert, Skutnabb-Kangas,
Tove, & Africa, Hugh (1985). Namibian educational language planning: English for
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Essays in honor of Karl-Hampus Dahlstedt, ed. Claes-Christian Elert, Stig
Eliasson, Sigurd Fries & Sture Ureland, Acta Universitatis Umensis, Umeå Studies in
the Humanities 12, Umeå, 191-203.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1977). Miten lapsista tulee kaksikielisiä? Ruotsin
Suomalainen, Koulusanomat. Stockholm (translation of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove
(1977). Hur blir barn tvåspråkiga? Ruotsin Suomalainen, Skolnytt. Stockholm (How
312
do children become bilingual?)).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1977). Olycklig författarkombination. Recension av Mohamed
Chaib & Jonas Widgren: Invandrarbarnen och skolan. Invandrare och Minoriteter
1, 72-74 (Unlucky author combination).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1977). Paneldiskussion om dubbel halvspråkighet, inledning. In
Papers from the First Nordic Conference on Bilingualism, ed. Tove
Skutnabb-Kangas (B 3), 212-214 (Panel discussion on semilingualism, introduction).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1977). Siirtolaislapset ja puolikielisyys. In Sajavaara, Kari
(toim) Näkökulmia kieleen, Suomen sovelletun kielitieteen yhdistyksen (AFinLA)
julkaisuja 10, Helsinki, 113-126 (Migrant children and semilingualism).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1977). Tospråklighet. Migrasjonspedagogisk informasjon nr
16, Oslo (Bilingualism).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1977). Tvåspråkighet och språkkontakt. I Pettersson, Åke &
Badersten Lennart (red.) Språk i utveckling, Liber: Lund, 237-247 (with Lennart
Badersten)(Bilingualism and language contact).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1977). Öppningsanförande. In Papers from the First Nordic
Conference on Bilingualism, ed. Tove Skutnabb-Kangas (B 3), 2-4 (Introduction).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1978). Dagens invandrarutbildning kontra Europa år 2000,
Folkbildningen och invandrarna. Nordens folkliga Akademi, Rapport 1978:2,
25-36, Kungälv (Today’s immigrant education contra Europe in the year 2000).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1978). Invandrarbarnens utbildning - Europas tidsbomb. I
Familieundervisning for innvandrere, Referat fra et seminar og litt till. Oslo,
18-39 & I-XX (The education of immigrant children - Europe’s time bomb).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1978). Något om finlandssvenskarna och tvåspråkigheten. I
Lauren, Christer (red.) Finlandssvenskan. Fakta och debatt. Borgå: Söderströms,
107-123 (Something about Finland Swedes and bilingualism).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1978). Något om modersmålsinlärningen. Invandrarbulletinen
3, 16-21 (On learning the mother tongue).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1978). Ruotsalainen piiloleikki: miten transitionaalinen
koulutusmalli peittää kielen riiston ja naamioi ristiriidan suloiseksi sopusoinnuksi. In
Kulttuuri-identiteetin ongelmia: suomalaiset kulttuurivähemmistöt, toim Nora
Ahlberg, Suomen Unesco-toimikunnan julkaisuja 14, Helsinki, 106-124 (The Swedish
hide-and-seek: how a transitional education model hides language theft and masks the
conflict into sweet harmony).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1978). Semilingualism and the education of migrant children as
a means of reproducing the caste of assembly line workers. In Dittmar, Norbert,
Haberland, Hartmut, Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Teleman, Ulf (eds) (1978). Papers
from the First Scandinavian-German Symposium on the Language of Immigrant
Workers and Their Children, Roskilde, March 19-23.1978. Roskilde: Roskilde
University Centre, ROLIG-papir 12, 221-252 .
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1978). Språkproblem hos invandrarbarn i förskoleåldern och
under de första skolåren. I Kulturtillhörighetens och modersmålets betydelse vid
övergången förskola-skola, Nordiska ministerrådet, Sekretariatet för nordiskt
kulturellt samarbete, København, 28-48 (Language problems of immigrant children of
pre-school age and during the first school years).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1978). The situation of foreign workers in Sweden. In Dittmar,
313
Norbert, Haberland, Hartmut, Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Teleman, Ulf (eds) (1978).
Papers from the First Scandinavian-German Symposium on the Language of
Immigrant Workers and Their Children, Roskilde, March 19-23.1978. Roskilde:
Roskilde University Centre, ROLIG-papir 12, 79-84 (with Jorma Kuusela).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1979). Finlandssvenskarna och tvåspråkigheten. I
Finlandssvensk år 2000, Svenska Finlands Folkting, Finlandssvensk Rapport 1,
oktober 1979, 13-23 (reprint of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1978). Något om
finlandssvenskarna och tvåspråkigheten. I Lauren, Christer (red.) Finlandssvenskan.
Fakta och debatt. Borgå: Söderströms, 107-123 (Something about Finland Swedes
and bilingualism)).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1979). Invandrarbarnens utbildning - forskning och politik. In
Tvåspråkighet. Föredrag vid det andra nordiska tvåspråkighetsseminariet, red.
Astrid Stedje & Peter af Trampe, Akademilitteratur: Stockholm, 158-178 (The
education of immigrant children - research and politics).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1979). Kvinnoperspektiv på språk. I Gråt inte - forska!
Kvinnoforskningsstudier samlade av Karin Westman Berg, Prisma: Stockholm,
49-69 (with Olaug Rekdal) (Female perspective on language).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1979). Language in the Process of Cultural Assimilation and
Structural Incorporation of Linguistic Minorities. National Clearinghouse for
Bilingual Education: Rosslyn, Virginia (reprint of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1977).
Language in the process of cultural assimilation and structural incorporation of
linguistic minorities. In Dialectology and Sociolinguistics, Essays in honor of
Karl-Hampus Dahlstedt, ed. Claes-Christian Elert, Stig Eliasson, Sigurd Fries &
Sture Ureland, Acta Universitatis Umensis, Umeå Studies in the Humanities 12,
Umeå, 191-203).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1979). Ruotsinsuomalaisten kieliongelmista. In Ruotsiin
muuton ongelmat, toim. Arja Munter, Siirtolaisuustutkimuksia A7,
Siirtolaisuusinstituutti/Migrationsinstituttet: Turku/Åbo, 119-143 (On language
problems among the Sweden Finns).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1979). Semilingualism and middle class bias: A reply to Cora
Brent-Palmer. Working Papers on Bilingualism 19, 181-196 (with Pertti
Toukomaa).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1979). Tvåspråkighet i barnets liv. I Förskollärarens roll i ett
globalt perspektiv, Nordisk förskollärarkongress, Dipoli, Finland, 67-94
(Bilingualism in a child’s life).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1979). Tytöt, pojat ja kieli. Aikanainen/Kvinnotid 3 (Girls,
boys and language).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1980). A comparison of immigrant education in Scandinavia
and West Germany, and its political determinants. In Migration to and within the
Nordic Countries, ed. Anders Ringen, Report from the Vth Nordic Conference on
Labour Migration Research. Oslo: Nordic Council of Ministers and Institute of
Applied Social Research, 243-261.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1980). El idioma en el proceso de asimilacion cultural y la
incorporacion estructural de minorias linguisticas, Instituto nacional de estudios
linguisticos, La Paz, Bolivia. Notas y noticias Linguisticas 7-8, 20-38 (translation of
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1977). Language in the process of cultural assimilation and
314
structural incorporation of linguistic minorities. In Dialectology and Sociolinguistics,
Essays in honor of Karl-Hampus Dahlstedt, ed. Claes-Christian Elert, Stig
Eliasson, Sigurd Fries & Sture Ureland, Acta Universitatis Umensis, Umeå Studies in
the Humanities 12, Umeå, 191-203)).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1980). Forskare som tyckare. Invandrare och Minoriteter 3,
9-12 (Researchers as viewers/guessers).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1980). Guest worker or immigrant - different ways of
reproducing an underclass, ROLIG-papir 21. Roskilde: Roskilde Universitetscenter,
4-39.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1980). Kaksikielisyydestä ja puolikielisyydestä - ajatuksia
Antista ja muista siirtolaislapsista, Finsk i Sverige - Ruotsinsuomalaisuus,
Utbildningsradion: Stockholm, 7-12 (translation of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1980).
Om tvåspråkighet och halvspråkighet - tankar kring Antti och andra invandrarbarn,
Finsk i Sverige - Ruotsinsuomalaisuus, Utbildningsradion: Stockholm, 7-12 (On
bilingualism and semilingualism - thoughts around Antti and other immigrant
children)).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1980). Kaksikielisyydestä. In Sajavaara, Kari (toim) Soveltava
kielitiede, Helsinki: Gaudeamus, 136-157 (On bilingualism).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1980). Om tvåspråkighet och halvspråkighet - tankar kring
Antti och andra invandrarbarn, Finsk i Sverige - Ruotsinsuomalaisuus,
Utbildningsradion: Stockholm, 7-12 (On bilingualism and semilingualism - thoughts
around Antti and other immigrant children).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1980). Semilingualism and the education of migrant children as
a means of reproducing the caste of assembly line workers. Tijdschrift van der Vrije
Universiteit Brussel 21:2, Toegepaste Linguistiek, 100-136 (reprint of SkutnabbKangas, Tove (1978). Semilingualism and the education of migrant children as a
means of reproducing the caste of assembly line workers. In Dittmar, Norbert,
Haberland, Hartmut, Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Teleman, Ulf (eds) (1978). Papers
from the First Scandinavian-German Symposium on the Language of Immigrant
Workers and Their Children, Roskilde, March 19-23.1978. Roskilde: Roskilde
University Centre, ROLIG-papir 12, 221-252).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1980). Sverigefinländarnas språkliga problem. I Sverigeemigrationens och dess problem. Stockholm: Expertgruppen för
Invandringforskning, rapport 13, 128-147 (translation of C 29).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1980). Tvåspråkighet och skolframgång. In Minoritet, kultur,
identitet. En antologi under redaktion av Nikolaj-Klaus von Kreitor. Borås:
Invandrarförlaget, 72-92 (Bilingualism and school achievement).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1980). Tvåspråkighet som målsättning vid undervisningen. I
Utvecklingstendenser i förskola, skola och samhälle, Symposium angående
invandrar- och tvåspråkighetsfrågor, Hanaholmen, 11-12.1.1979. Helsingfors:
Undervisningsministeriet, 39-43 (Bilingualism as a goal in education).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1980). Tävla eller samarbeta i familjen och på jobbet? Om
klass- och könsrollsförväntningar i barnens socialisering, ROLIG- papir 20,
Hverdagsskrift. Roskilde: Roskilde Universitetscenter, 51-69 (To compete or to
cooperate in family and job? On class and gender role expectations in the socialisation
of children).
315
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1980). Violence as a method and outcome in the non-education
of minority children, ROLIG-papir 21. Roskilde: Roskilde Universitetscenter, 40-52.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1981). Arvoton tutkimusraportti. Tiedote, Sveriges Finska
Lärarförening, 4, 9- (translation of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1981). Lundamodellens
slutfacit: värdelös slutrapport. Invandrare och Minoriteter 2, 14-18 (The final
results of the Lund model: a useless research report)).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1981). Bilingualism as an Unrealistic Goal in Minority
Education. In Bilingualism, Models of education and Migration Policies, ed.
Ingegerd Municio, Swedish Commission on Immigration Research, Split-report 1,
Report 1:1, Liber: Stockholm, 56-82.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1981). Guest worker or immigrant - different ways of
reproducing an underclass. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural
Development 2:2, 89-115 (reprint of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1980). Guest worker
or immigrant - different ways of reproducing an underclass, ROLIG-papir 21.
Roskilde: Roskilde Universitetscenter, 4-39).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1981). Guest worker or immigrant - different ways of
reproducing an underclass. In Vermeer, Anne R. (Ed.) Language Problems of
Minority Groups, Tilburg Studies in Language and Literature 1, Katholieke
Hogeschool Tilburg, 27-57 (reprint of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1980). Guest worker
or immigrant - different ways of reproducing an underclass, ROLIG-papir 21.
Roskilde: Roskilde Universitetscenter, 4-39).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1981). Guest worker or immigrant - different ways of
reproducing an underclass. In Dittmar, Norbert, Haberland, Hartmut, SkutnabbKangas, Tove & Teleman, Ulf (eds) (1978). Papers from the First
Scandinavian-German Symposium on the Language of Immigrant Workers and
Their Children, Roskilde, March 19-23.1978. Roskilde: Roskilde University Centre,
ROLIG-papir 12, 171-206 (reprint of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1980). Guest worker
or immigrant - different ways of reproducing an underclass, ROLIG-papir 21.
Roskilde: Roskilde Universitetscenter, 4-39).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1981). Gästarbetare eller invandrare - en jämförelse. I
Tvåspråkighet, Föredrag från tredje nordiska tvåspråkighetsseminariet, 4-5 juni
1980, utg. Eva Ejerhed & Inger Henrysson, Acta Universitatis Umensis, 61-82
(translation of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1980). Guest worker or immigrant - different
ways of reproducing an underclass, ROLIG-papir 21. Roskilde: Roskilde
Universitetscenter, 4-39).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1981). Kaksikielisyydestä ja puolikielisyydestä - ajatuksia
Antista ja muista siirtolaislapsista, Suomen logopedis- foniatrinen yhdistys ry:n
jatkokoulutuspäivät, Publikationer utgivna av föreningen för logopedi och
Foniatri i Finland 14, 28-32 (reprint of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1980).
Kaksikielisyydestä ja puolikielisyydestä - ajatuksia Antista ja muista siirtolaislapsista,
Finsk i Sverige - Ruotsinsuomalaisuus, Utbildningsradion: Stockholm, 7-12
(translation of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1980). Om tvåspråkighet och halvspråkighet tankar kring Antti och andra invandrarbarn, Finsk i Sverige - Ruotsinsuomalaisuus,
Utbildningsradion: Stockholm, 7-12 (On bilingualism and semilingualism - thoughts
around Antti and other immigrant children)).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1981). Lundamodellens slutfacit: värdelös slutrapport.
316
Invandrare och Minoriteter 2, 14-18 (The final results of the Lund model: a useless
research report).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1981). Löfgren och Ouvinen-Birgerstam undviker att svara på
mina frågor. Invandrare och Minoriteter 4, 15-16 (L & O-B avoid answering my
questions).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1981). Om tvåspråkighet i förskoleåldern, Suomen
logopedis-foniatrinen yhdistys ry:n jatkokoulutuspäivät, Publikationer utgivna
av föreningen för logopedi och foniatri i Finland 14, 1-23 (On bilingualism at the
pre-school age).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1981). Tvåspråkighet och svensk språkpolitik på lång sikt. I
Hamberg, Eva M. & Hammar, Tomas (red.) Invandringen och framtiden. En
antologi om invandringens långtidseffekter, Publica, Liber: Stockholm, 146-169
(Bilingualism and Swedish language policy in a long term perspective).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1981). Tvåspråkighet. Lund: Liber Läromedel, 369 p.
(Bilingualism).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1982). Gastarbeiter oder immigrant - verschiedene Arten eine
Unterschicht zu reproduzieren. Deutsch lernen, Zeitschrift für den Sprachunterricht
mit ausländischen Arbeitnehmern, 1, 59-80 (translation & revision of SkutnabbKangas, Tove (1980). Guest worker or immigrant - different ways of reproducing an
underclass, ROLIG-papir 21. Roskilde: Roskilde Universitetscenter, 4-39).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1982). Hjelper godt underbygde argumenter? Minoriteter og
utdanning. Immigranten/The Immigrant 2, 22- (translation of Skutnabb-Kangas,
Tove (1982). Hjälper gott underbyggda argument? Tiedote 6, 4-6 (Do well founded
arguments help?).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1982). Hjälper gott underbyggda argument? Tiedote 6, 4-6 (Do
well founded arguments help?).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1982). Något om modersmålsinlärningen. I
Invandrarkunskap, red. Sinikka Bohlin, Katarina Milton, Marketta Tiuraniemi.
Gävle: Skolförlaget, 34-38 (reprint of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1978). Något om
modersmålsinlärningen. Invandrarbulletinen 3, 16-21 (On learning the mother
tongue).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1982). Some prerequisites for learning the majority language - a
comparison between different conditions. In Handlungsorientierung im
Zweitschpracherwerb von Arbeitsmigranten, hrsg. F. Januschek & W. Stölting,
Osnabrücker Beiträge zur Sprachtheorie, 22, 163-95.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1982). Zur Situation von Einwanderern in Skandinavien. In
Ausländerkinder im Elementarbereich, DJI-Materialien. München: Deutsche
Jugendinstitut, 1982, 47-61.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1983). All children in the Nordic countries should be bilingual why aren’t they? In Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1983).
Cultilingualism - papers in cultural and communicative (in)competence.
Roskilde: Roskilde University Centre, ROLIG-papir 28, 17-42.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1983). Bilingualism and Education: Policies and Politics.
National Council for Mother Tongue Teaching, Newsletter, Autumn 1983,
London, 2-16.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1983). God forskning utan statistik. Recension av Martti
317
Grönfors: Kvalitiiviset kenttätyömenetelmät (Kvalitativa fältarbetsmetoder).
Invandrare och Minoriteter 2, 41- (Good research without statistics. Review of
M.G.: “Qualitative methods in field work”).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1983). I kampen behövs hjärna, hjärta och skaparkraft. MET,
Tidskrift för Tornedalen och Malmfälten. 4, 30- (The struggle needs brains, hearts
and creative strength).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1983). Kaksikielisyys päämääränä, Ruotsin Suomalainen 52
(Bilingualism as a goal).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1983). Kritik av en kritiker. Invandrare och Minoriteter 1, 24
(Critique of a critic).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1983). Meillä ei vieläkään ole äidinkieltä. Ruotsin
Suomalainen 51 (We still do not have a mother tongue).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1983). Oliko Suomi tosiaan OSA Ruotsia - eli käydäänkö
entisen siirtomaan vapautustaistelu koulurintamalla. Mietteitä rasismista. Tiedote 7,
14-18 (Was Finland really a PART of Sweden - or is the liberation struggle of the
former colony being fought on the school front. Reflections on racism).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1983). Om metodologier, paradigm och ideologier i
minoritetsutbildningsforskningen. I Peura, Markku (red.) Invandrarminoriteter och
demokratisk forskning. Stockholm: Riksförbundet Finska Föreningar i Sverige,
29-79 (On methodologies, paradigms and ideologies in the research on minority
education).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1983). Research and its implications for the Swedish setting an immigrant’s point of view. In Husen, Torsten & Susan Opper (eds) Multicultural
and Multilingual Education in Immigrant Countries. Oxford: Pergamon Press,
127-140.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1983). Ziel Zweisprachigkeit - Sprachenpolitik,
sprachwissenschaftliche Forschungsergebnisse und pädagogische Erfahrungen in
Schweden. Ausländerkinder, Forum für Schule & Sozialpädagogik, 13,
Zweisprachigkeit II, 27-51.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1984). Alla invandrarorganisationer i Västtyskland vill ha
undervisning på modersmålet. Tiedote 1, 10 (All immigrant organisations in West
Germany want to have education through the medium of the mother tongue).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1984). Alle vesttyske indvandrerorganisationer: vi önsker
undervisning på modersmålet. Samspil 3, 19- (translation of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove
(1984). Alla invandrarorganisationer i Västtyskland vill ha undervisning på
modersmålet. Tiedote 1, 10 (All immigrant organisations in West Germany want to
have education through the medium of the mother tongue).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1984). Barns mänskliga språkliga rättigheter. Om finsk
frigörelsekamp på den svenska skolfronten. Kritisk Psykologi 1-2, 38-46 (Children’s
linguistic human rights. On Finnish liberation struggle on the Swedish school front).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1984). Bilingualism or not - the education of minorities.
Clevedon, Avon: Multilingual Matters, 378 p. (translation and revision of SkutnabbKangas, Tove (1981). Tvåspråkighet. Lund: Liber Läromedel, 369 pp.
(Bilingualism). South Asian edition, with Foreword by Ajit K. Mohanty, 2007, Delhi:
Orient Longman.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1984). Children of Guest Workers and Immigrants: Linguistic
318
and Educational Issues. In John Edwards (Ed.) Linguistic Minorities, Policies and
Pluralism. London: Academic Press, 17-48.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1984). Deklaration om barns mänskliga språkliga rättigheter.
Tiedote 8, 4-5 (Declaration on Children’s Linguistic Human Rights).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1984). Erklaering om barnas språklige menneskerettigheter.
Immigranten, Nordisk Anti-rasistisk Tidskrift 4, 42-44 (translation of SkutnabbKangas, Tove (1984). Deklaration om barns mänskliga språkliga rättigheter. Tiedote
8, 4-5 (Declaration on Children’s Linguistic Human Rights).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1984). Meillä ei vieläkään ole äidinkieltä, Tiedote 1, 6- (reprint
of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1983). Meillä ei vieläkään ole äidinkieltä. Ruotsin
Suomalainen 51 (We still do not have a mother tongue).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1984). Neki preduslovi za ucenje jezika vecine - uporedna
analiza razlicitih prilika, Zbornik Radova Instituta za Strane Jezike i
Knijizevnosti, Sveska 6. Novi Sad: Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Filosofski Fakultet,
371-406 (translation of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1982). Some prerequisites for
learning the majority language - a comparison between different conditions. In
Handlungsorientierung im Zweitschpracherwerb von Arbeitsmigranten, hrsg. F.
Januschek & W. Stölting, Osnabrücker Beiträge zur Sprachtheorie, 22, 163-95).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1984). Tramp ikke på sprogrettighederne. Dokumentation om
indvandrere 2, 5-8 (translation of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1984). Deklaration om
barns mänskliga språkliga rättigheter. Tiedote 8, 4-5 (Declaration on Children’s
Linguistic Human Rights).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1984). Why aren’t the Children in the Nordic Countries
Bilingual? Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 5, 301-315
(revised version of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1983). All children in the Nordic
countries should be bilingual - why aren’t they? In Phillipson, Robert & SkutnabbKangas, Tove (1983). Cultilingualism - papers in cultural and communicative
(in)competence. Roskilde: Roskilde University Centre, ROLIG-papir 28, 17-42).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1985). 1800-talet styr italienska invandrarbarns framtid.
Invandrare och Minoriteter 1, 21-25.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1985). Barns språkliga mänskliga rättigheter.
Tensta-Hjulsta-Rinkeby Lokalt 1, 10 (reprint of of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1984).
Deklaration om barns mänskliga språkliga rättigheter. Tiedote 8, 4-5 (Declaration on
Children’s Linguistic Human Rights).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1985). En riktig svensk ropar inte finnjävel. Hälsan i skolan,
28. Liber Utbilsningsförlag, 34-37 (A real Swede does not shout “Damned Finn”).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1985). Ovatko ruotsinsuomalaiset pysyvä vähemmistö? Tiedote
8, 11- (Are the Sweden Finns a permanent minority?).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1985). Tvåspråkighet. Begreppets forskningsmässiga status och
konsekvenser för undervisning av invandrare och minoriteter. I Tor Ola Engen (red.)
Migrasjonspedagogikk. Oslo: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, 180-191. (Bilingualism. The
scientific status of the concept and the consequences for the education of immigrants
and minorities).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1985). Who wants to change what and why - conflicting
paradigms in minority education research. In Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson,
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Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1986) (under medverkan av Ilka Kangas och Kea Kangas)
(Minority, Language and Racism, with assistance from Ilka Kangas and Kea Kangas).
Minoritet, språk och rasism [Minority, language and racism]. Malmö: Liber, 214
pp.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1986). Are the Finns in Sweden an Ethnic Minority? Finnish
Parents Talk about Finland and Sweden. In Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas,
Tove (1986). Linguicism Rules in Education, Parts 1-3. Roskilde: Roskilde
University Centre, Institute, 553-577.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1986). Children of Guest Workers and immigrants: Linguistic
and Educational Issues. In Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1986).
Linguicism Rules in Education, Parts 1-3. Roskilde: Roskilde University Centre,
Institute, 11-41 (reprint of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1984). Children of Guest
Workers and Immigrants: Linguistic and Educational Issues. In John Edwards (Ed.)
Linguistic Minorities, Policies and Pluralism. London: Academic Press, 17-48.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1986). Multilingualism and the Education of Minority Children.
In Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1986). Linguicism Rules in
Education, Parts 1-3. Roskilde: Roskilde University Centre, Institute, 42-72.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1986). Resource Power and Autonomy - a Finnish Migrant
School Strike in Sweden as an Example of Resistance. In Phillipson, Robert &
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1986). Linguicism Rules in Education, Parts 1-3. Roskilde:
Roskilde University Centre, Institute, 553-577.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1986). Who wants to change what and why - conflicting
paradigms in minority education research. In Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas,
Tove (1986). Linguicism Rules in Education, Parts 1-3. Roskilde: Roskilde
University Centre, Institute, Part 3 (reprint of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1985). Who
wants to change what and why - conflicting paradigms in minority education research.
In Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert (1985). Educational strategies in
multilingual contexts. Roskilde: Roskilde University Centre, ROLIG-papir 35, (also
on ERIC microfiche, ED 345 566), 79-117).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1986). Who wants to change what and why - conflicting
paradigms in minority education research. In Language and education in
multilingual settings, ed. B.Spolsky, Clevedon: Multilingual Matters 25, 153-141
(reprint of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1985). Who wants to change what and why conflicting paradigms in minority education research. In Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove &
Phillipson, Robert (1985). Educational strategies in multilingual contexts.
Roskilde: Roskilde University Centre, ROLIG-papir 35, (also on ERIC microfiche,
ED 345 566), 79-117).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1987). Are the Finns in Sweden an Ethnic Minority? Finnish
Parents Talk about Finland and Sweden. Research Project “The education of the
Finnish minority in Sweden”, Working Paper nr 1. Roskilde: Roskilde University
Centre, Institute VI. 116 p..
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1987). Etnicism - en ny form av rasism. Svensk-Kurdisk
Journal 11-12, 15-16 (translation of E 47) (Ethnicism - a new form of racism).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1987). Kürtlere Yönelik Dilsel Zulåm. Yeni tip bir irkcilik.
320
Denge KOMKAR 9, 4-5 (Kovara Federasyona Komelen Karkeren Kurdistan Li
Elmanya Federal).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1987). Linguicism in Education, or how to kill a people without
genocide. In World Basque Congress, Conference on the Basque Language, Area
II, Invited Papers, Donostia, 31.8-4.9.1987, 1-40.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1987). Mitä opittavaa muilta koulutusasioissa? Katse eteenpäin.
Spångan Suomalainen, 6- (What can we learn from others in education? A look
forward).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1987). Vad har vi att lära oss av andra i utbildningsfrågor?
Blicken framåt. Spångan Suomalainen, 7- (translation of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove
(1987). Mitä opittavaa muilta koulutusasioissa? Katse eteenpäin. Spångan
Suomalainen, 6- (What can we learn from others in education? A look forward).).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1988). Etnopolitisk mobilisering i Stockholm. I Gabriele WinaiStröm (red.) Konfliktlösning i det flerkulturella samhället. Stockholm:
Maktutredningen et al, 183-220 (distorted version of the translation of SkutnabbKangas, Tove (1986). Resource Power and Autonomy - a Finnish Migrant School
Strike in Sweden as an Example of Resistance. In Phillipson, Robert & SkutnabbKangas, Tove (1986). Linguicism Rules in Education, Parts 1-3. Roskilde: Roskilde
University Centre, Institute, 553-577).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1988). Har ursprungsbefolkningar rätten till språk och kultur Johan Mathis Mikkelsen Gavppi startar unik rättegång. Tiedote 7, 4-7 (Do indigenous
peoples have the right to language and culture? J.M.M.G. starts unique court case).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1988). Har ursprungsbefolkningen retten til språk och kultur?
Dag og Tid, 47, 1988, 14-15, Oslo (reprint of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1988). Har
ursprungsbefolkningar rätten till språk och kultur - Johan Mathis Mikkelsen Gavppi
startar unik rättegång. Tiedote 7, 4-7 (Do indigenous peoples have the right to
language and culture? J.M.M.G. starts unique court case)).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1988). Kamppailu oikeudesta kieleen ja kulttuuriin. Spångan
Suomalainen 3, 12-13 (The struggle on the right to language and culture).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1988). Minoritetsforskarna en minoritet, Invandrare och
Minoriteter 4-5, 12-15 (Minority researchers a minority).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1988). Minority Research between Social Technology and
Self-Determination. Research Project The education of the Finnish minority in
Sweden, Working Paper nr 2, Roskilde University Centre, Institute VI: Roskilde, 39
pp..
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1988). Multilingualism and the Education of Minority Children.
In Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Cummins, Jim (eds) (1988). Minority education: from
shame to struggle, Clevedon, Avon: Multilingual Matters, 9-44 (revised version of
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1986). Multilingualism and the Education of Minority
Children. In Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1986). Linguicism Rules
in Education, Parts 1-3. Roskilde: Roskilde University Centre, Institute, 42-72;
republished 1995 in García, Ofelia & Baker, Colin (eds) Policy and Practice in
Bilingual Education. A Reader Extending the Foundations.
Clevedon/Philadelphia/Adelaide: Multilingual Matters, pp. 40-59; questions added,
pp. 59-62).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1988). Resource power and autonomy through discourse in
321
conflict - a Finnish migrant school strike in Sweden. In Zavala, Iris M., Myriam
Diaz-Diocaretz & Teun Van Dijk (eds) Approaches to discourse, poetics and
psychiatry, Critical theory 4. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 25-38
(reprint of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1986). Resource Power and Autonomy - a
Finnish Migrant School Strike in Sweden as an Example of Resistance. In Phillipson,
Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1986). Linguicism Rules in Education, Parts 1-3.
Roskilde: Roskilde University Centre, Institute, 553-577).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1988). Resource power and autonomy through discourse in
conflict - a Finnish migrant school strike in Sweden. In Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove &
Cummins, Jim (eds) (1988). Minority education: from shame to struggle,
Clevedon, Avon: Multilingual Matters, 251-277 (reprint of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove
(1986). Resource Power and Autonomy - a Finnish Migrant School Strike in Sweden
as an Example of Resistance. In Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1986).
Linguicism Rules in Education, Parts 1-3. Roskilde: Roskilde University Centre,
Institute, 553-577.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1988). Vähemmistö, kieli ja rasismi, 1988, Helsinki:
Gaudeamus, 269 p.(translation of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1986) (under medverkan
av Ilka Kangas och Kea Kangas) (Minority, Language and Racism, with assistance
from Ilka Kangas and Kea Kangas). Minoritet, språk och rasism [Minority,
language and racism]. Malmö: Liber, 214 pp. translated by TSK, IK & KK).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1989). Har ursprungsbefolkningar rätten till språk och kultur?
Mennesker og Rettigheter, Nordic Journal on Human Rights 1, 53-57 (Do
indigenous peoples have the right to language and culture?).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1989). Kvinnor, resursmakt och autonomi - en finsk skolstrejk i
Sverige som exempel på motstånd. I Gabriele Winai- Ström (red.) Konfliktlösning i
det flerkulturella samhället. Stockholm: Maktutredningen, Institutionen för fredsoch konfliktforskning vid Uppsala universitet, Delegationen för invandrarforskning
(translation of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1986). Resource Power and Autonomy - a
Finnish Migrant School Strike in Sweden as an Example of Resistance. In Phillipson,
Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1986). Linguicism Rules in Education, Parts 1-3.
Roskilde: Roskilde University Centre, Institute, 553-577C 87), 45pp., ersätter sidorna
183-220 i boken) (proper version of translation of the translation, sent out as Errata,
Oct 1989).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1989). Language and Education in Arctic and Northern Cultural
Ecology - the Non-uniqueness of the Northern Countries. In Broadbent, Noel D.(Ed.)
Nordic Perspectives on Arctic Cultural and Political Ecology, Umeå University:
Center for Arctic Cultural Research, 73-104.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1989). Linguicism in Education, or how to kill a people without
genocide. In II Euskal Mundu-Biltzarra/II Congreso Mundial Vasco, Euskara
Biltzarra/Congreso de la Lengua Vasca/ Conference on the Basque Language,
Vitoria-Gasteiz: Eusko Jaurla-ritzaren Argitalpen-Zerbitzu Nagusia/ Sevicio Central
de Publikaciones del Gbierno Vasco, Area II, Language and Society, Volume 2, 3-22
(reprint of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1987). Linguicism in Education, or how to kill a
people without genocide. In World Basque Congress, Conference on the Basque
Language, Area II, Invited Papers, Donostia, 31.8-4.9.1987, 1-40).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1989). Multilingualism and the education of minority children.
322
In Cuellar, Alfredo & Robert A.DeVillar (eds) Estudios Fronterizos VII-VIII,
18-19, Special Volume, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Instituto de
Investigaciones Sociales, 36-67 (reprint, with Spanish resume, of C95).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1989). Pakolaiset ja monikielisyys. In Anna-Kaarina Kippola
(toim.) Tuntematon pakolainen. Helsinki: Gaudeamus, 181-216 (Refugees and
multilingualism).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1989). Ruotsinsuomalaiset etnisyyttä rakentamassa: ”Voihan
sitä olla kaksmaalainenki”. Psykologia 4, 260-271 (Sweden Finns in the process of
building ethnic identity: “You can surely be bicountrial too”).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1990). Language, Literacy and Minorities. London: The
Minority Rights Group, 34 p.. (the chapter on Linguistic Human Rights has appeared
in Hungarian in Cluj, Romania, in Korunk 5, 1992, 82-86; most of it is in Ansari,
Iqbal. A. (ed.) (2003). Readings on Minorities. Perspectives and Documents. Volume
III. New Delhi: Institute of Objective Studies, pp. 39-64).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1990). Legitimating or Delegitimating New Forms of Racism The Role of Researchers. In Gorter, Durk, Jarich F.Hoekstra, Lammert G.Jansma and
Jehannes Ytsma (eds) Fourth International Conference on Minority Languages, Vol.
1: General Papers. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, Volume
11, 1-2, 77-100 (reprint of C 107).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1990). Legitimating or Delegitimating New Forms of Racism The Role of Researchers. In Gorter, Durk, Jarich F.Hoekstra, Lammert G.Jansma and
Jehannes Ytsma (eds) Fourth International Conference on Minority Languages,
Vol. 1: General Papers, 77-100.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1990). Minoritet, sprog og racisme. København: Tiden,191p.
(translation of A 10).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1990). Suomi - siirtolaisten ja muuttajien kieli. Suomi
siirtolaisten kapsekissa (Finnish - the language of immigrants and migrants. Finland
in immigrants’ suitcases). Tiedote 1, 4-8.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1990). Wer entscheidet, ob meine Sprache wichtig für mich ist?
Minderheitenforschung zwischen Sozialtechnologie und Selbstbestimmung. In
Dittrich, Eckhard J. & Frank-Olaf Radtke (Hrsg.) Ethnizität. Wissenschaft und
Minderheiten. Wiesbaden: Westdeutscher Verlag, 329-351 (revised version of D 8).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1990). Written language - our most important tool. In Language
means power. Sami Aigi, Special volume, 1990 - The UN year of Literacy, The
Karasjohka conference, October 15-16, 1990, 12 .
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1991). Bicultural Competence and Strategies for Negotiating
Ethnic Identity. In Phillipson, Robert, Eric Kellerman, Larry Selinker, Mike
Sharwood Smith and Merrill Swain (eds). Foreign/Second Language Pedagogy
Research, A Commemorative Volume for Claus Faerch. Clevedon: Multilingual
Matters 64, 307-332.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1991). Bicultural Competence and Strategies for Negotiating
Ethnic Identity. In Phillipson, Robert, Eric Kellerman, Larry Selinker, Mike
Sharwood Smith and Merrill Swain (eds). Foreign/Second Language Pedagogy
Research, A Commemorative Volume for Claus Faerch. Clevedon: Multilingual
Matters 64, 307-332.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1991). Bilingvizam - da ili ne. Beograd, Zavod xa udzbenike i
323
nastavna sredstva, 442 p. (translation of 7).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1991). Kaksikielisyys psykologisena ja poliittisena rikkautena
(Bilingualism as psychological and political wealth). In Mustakallio, Marja & Tuula
Uusi-Hallila (toim.) Joka puulla juurensa, Äidinkielen Opettajain Liiton Vuosikirja
XXXVIII, Helsinki: Äidinkielen Opettajain Liitto, 57-71.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1991). Kaksikielisyys psykologisena ja poliittisena rikkautena
(Bilingualism as psychological and political wealth). In Mustakallio, Marja & Tuula
Uusi-Hallila (toim.) Joka puulla juurensa, Äidinkielen Opettajain Liiton Vuosikirja
XXXVIII, Helsinki: Äidinkielen Opettajain Liitto, 57-71.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1991). Myötäkommentti: Missä möröt? Vastaus Mati Hintille
(Pro- comment: Where are the ghosts? A reply to Mati Hint). Virke 4, 30-31.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1991). Swedish Strategies to Prevent Integration and National
Ethnic Minorities. In Garcia, Ofelia (Ed.). Bilingual Education. Focusschrift in
honor of Joshua A.Fishman, Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 25-40.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1991). Swedish Strategies to Prevent Integration and National
Ethnic Minorities. In Garcia, Ofelia (Ed.). Bilingual Education. Focusschrift in
honor of Joshua A. Fishman, Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 25-40.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1991). Vem kostar? In Gaup, Johanne 1991 Tospråklighet i
samiske kommuner i Indre-Finnmark, Guovdageaidnu: Sami Instituhtta, 92-100
(Who causes the costs?).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1991). Vem kostar? In Gaup, Johanne 1991 Tospråklighet i
samiske kommuner i Indre-Finnmark, Guovdageaidnu: Sami Instituhtta, 92-100
(Who causes the costs?).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1992). J_ ber ku hejmara Kurdan j_ bo ku_t_na fiziki p_r e,
T_rkiye j_ ali çandi û z_man va ji l_ ku_t_na wan d_gere. Roja Nû 34, 8-11.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1992). Mehrsprachigkeit und die Erziehung von
Minderheitenkindern. Deutsch lernen. Zeitschrift für den Sprachunterricht mit
ausländischen Arbeitnehmern, 1, 38-67 (translation of C 95).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1992). Spredning af indvandrerbørn leder til sprogligt og
kulturelt folkemord og forhindrer tosprogethed. Indvandreren 39, 19-21.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1992). Workshop on Human Rights and Languages, Pécs
(Hungary), 15-16 August 1991, Final Report, Paris: Unesco (July 1992), 27 p..
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1992). Özgür Kürdistan’ da görü_ece_imizi umar_m. Azadi
28.6.1992.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1993). Forsøg i andre lande - hvad kan Danmark lære
(Experiments in other countries - what can Denmark learn). In Skutnabb-Kangas,
Holmen & Phillipson (red.) 1993, 76-92.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1993). Identitet og strategier i flersprogede familier: interview
med Tiina Rinne Toh & Eric Toh, Mustafa Hussain & Ida Høgsbro, Gulda Bozarslan
& Mehmet Bozhan (Identity and strategies in multilingual families: interview with
TRT & ET, MH & IH, GB & MB). In Skutnabb-Kangas, Holmen & Phillipson (red.),
190-199.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1993). Kielikylpyjä ja Eurooppakouluja (Language baths and
European schools). In Vuonokari, Erkki & Pelkonen, Juhamatti (toim.). Luokan
kynnyksen yli. Ruotsinsuomalaiset kirjoittavat kouluhistoriaa (Crossing the
class(room) threshold. Sweden Finns write educational history), Jyväskylä, Finland &
324
Stockholm, Sweden: Gummerus & Sverigefinländarnas Arkiv, 262-279.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1994). Educational Challenges in Multilingual Western Europe.
In Phillipson & Skutnabb-Kangas (eds), (see C 10), 30-37.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1994). Language and Gender in Development. Keynote paper.
In MacKenzie, John & McCaffery, Juliet (eds) Language and Gender in
Development. A Symposium, Manchester: The British Council, 15-45.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1994). Linguistic Human Rights in Education. In Valodas
politika Baltijas Valstīs/Language Policy in the Baltic States. Rīga: Krājumu
sagatavojis, Latvijas Republikas Valsts valodas centrs, 173-191.
Skutnaba-Kangasa, Tuve (1994). Lingvistiskās cilvēktiesības izglītībā (translation of
143). In Valodas politika Baltijas Valstīs/Language Policy in the Baltic States.
Rīga: Krājumu sagatavojis, Latvijas Republikas Valsts valodas centrs, 44-57.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1994). Linguistic Human Rights: a Prerequisite for
Bilingualism. In Ahlgren, Inger & Hyltenstam, Kenneth (eds). Bilingualism in Deaf
Education, International Studies on Sign Language and Communication of the Deaf,
Vol. 27, Hamburg: Signum, 139-159.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1994). Mother Tongue Maintenance: The Debate: Linguistic
Human Rights and Minority Education. TESOL Quarterly 28:3, 625-628.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1994). Sprachliche Menschenrechte - Vorbedingung für
Zweisprachigkeit. Das Zeichen. Zeitschrift zum Thema Gebärdenssprache und
Kommunikation Gehörlöser, Dezember, 1994, Nr 30, 461-473 (translation of D 140).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1994). Språkliga mänskliga rättigheter och skolan (Linguistic
human rights and the school). In Språkbruk, grammatik och språkförändring. En
festskrift till Ulf Teleman 13.1.1994. Lund: Institutionen för nordiska språk, Lunds
universitet, 337-347.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1994). Språkliga mänskliga rättigheter, invandrade minoriteter
och makt (Linguistic human rights, immigrant minorities and power). In Peura,
Markku & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (red.). ”Man kan vara tvåländare också”. Den
sverigefinska minoritetens väg från tystnad till kamp (You can be twocountrial too.
The road of the Sweden-Finnish minority from silence to struggle),
Sverigefinländarnas Arkiv, Stockholm, 73-83.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1994). Sverigefinnar förhandlar om etnisk identitet (The
Sweden Finns negotiate about ethnic identity). In Peura, Markku & Skutnabb-Kangas,
Tove (red.). ”Man kan vara tvåländare också”. Den sverigefinska minoritetens väg
från tystnad till kamp (You can be twocountrial too. The road of the Sweden-Finnish
minority from silence to struggle), Sverigefinländarnas Arkiv, Stockholm, 98-128.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1995). Book review of Bilingualism in a Multilingual Society:
Psycho-social and Pedagogical Implications, Ajit K. Mohanty. TESOL Quarterly
29:4, Winter 1995, 775-780.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1995). Educational language choice - multilingual diversity or
monolingual reductionism? In Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1995.
Papers in European language Policy. ROLIG papir 53. Roskilde: Roskilde
Universitetscenter, Lingvistgruppen, 66-82.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1995). Foreword. In Leone, Beti and Cisneros, René (eds) The
ESL Component of Bilingual Education in Practice. Special Double Issue. Bilingual
Research Journal. The Journal of the National Association for Bilingual Education,
325
19:3-4, vii-x.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1995). Introduction. In Tove Skutnabb-Kangas (ed.).
Multilingualism for All, Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, Series European
Studies on Multilingualism, 7-20.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1995). Kan sprogoplæring i skole- og utdannelsessystemet gøre
mennesker funktionelt flersprogede uden støtte i græsrodskontakt med indfødte
brugere af andre sprog? I Norsk som framtidsspråk i arbeidsliv og næringsliv
(Norwegian as a language of the future in labour and business). Norsk språkråds
skrifter 1. Oslo: Norsk språkråd, 20-35.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1995). Review of “Linguistic Minorities in Multilingual
Settings. Implications for language policies”. (Christina Bratt Paulston). RELC
Journal 26:2, December 1995, 130-138.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1995). Review of Linguistic Minorities in Multilingual Settings.
Implications for language policies. (Christina Bratt Paulston). In Phillipson, Robert &
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1995. Papers in European language Policy. ROLIG papir
53. Roskilde: Roskilde Universitetscenter, Lingvistgruppen, 107-111.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1996). Educational language choice - multilingual diversity or
monolingual reductionism? In Hellinger, Marlis and Ammon, Ulrich (eds) .
Contrastive Sociolinguistics. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 175-204.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1996). Language and Self-Determination. In Clark, Donald &
Williamson, Robert (eds). Self-Determination: International Perspectives. London:
The Macmillan Press and New York: St.Martin’s Press, 124-140.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1996). Promotion of Linguistic Tolerance and Development. In
Legér, Sylvie (Ed.) Vers un agenda linguistique: regard futuriste sur les Nations
Unies / Towards a Language Agenda: Futurist Outlook on the United Nations.
Ottawa: Canadian Center of Language Rights, 579-629.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1996). Review of Linguistic Minorities in Multilingual Settings.
Implications for language policies. (Christina Bratt Paulston). International Review of
Education, Special issue, ‘The Education of Minorities’, eds. Normand Labrie and
Stacy Churchill, 402-406.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1996). The colonial legacy in educational language planning in
Scandinavia - from migrant labour to a national ethnic minority? International
Journal of the Sociology of Language. 1996. vol. 118. Dua, Hans (Ed.). Language
Planning and Political Theory, 81-106.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1997). Language Rights as Conflict Prevention. In Wölck,
Wolfgang & de Houwer, Annick (eds) 1997. Recent Studies in Contact Linguistics.
Plurilingua Series XVIII. Bonn: Dümmler, 312-324.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1997). Nyelv, oktatás és a kisebbségek. Kisebbségi adattár VIII.
Budapest: Teleki László Alapítvány. (revision and translation into Hungarian of
Language, Literacy and Minorities. 93 pp.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1997). The Nordic countries and linguistic human rights in
education. In Granberg, Nils (utg.). Tvärkulturell kommunikation i tid och rum.
Rapport från ASLA:s höstsymposium, Umeå, 7-9 november 1996, Association
Suedoise de linguistique appliquee (ASLA) 10, 95-113.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1998). Bilingual Education for Finnish Minority Students in
Sweden. In Cummins, Jim & Corson, David (eds) The Encyclopedia of Language and
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Education. Volume Bilingual Education. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 217-227.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1998). Communication and Power - A Rational Perspective. In
Fettes, Mark & Bolduc, Susanne (eds). Al lingva demokratio/ Towards Linguistic
Democracy/ Vers la démocratie linguistique. Proceedings of the Nitobe Symposium
of International Organizations, Prague, 20-23 July 1996. Rotterdam: Universala
Esperanto-Asocio, 143-149.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1998). Human rights and language policy in education. In
Wodak, Ruth & Corson, David (eds) The Encyclopedia of Language and Education.
Volume Language Policy and Political Issues in Education. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 5565.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1998). Human rights and language wrongs - a future for
diversity. In Phil Benson, Peter Grundy & Tove Skutnabb-Kangas (eds). Language
rights. Special issue, Language Sciences, Special issue, 20:1, 1998, 5-27.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1998). Kielellisiä ihmisoikeuksia vai kieli-imperialismia
koulutusyhteistyössä (Linguistic human rights or linguistic imperialism in
development cooperation?). Paappanen, Päivi (toim.) (1998). Kielipoliittiset
periaatteet ja käytäntö kehitysyhteistyössä. Raportti Kepan kieliseminaarista
24.2.1998. Kepan raporttisarja nro 26/1998. Helsinki: Kepa, 10-12.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1998). Language rights: Not political but scientific correctness.
English Today 56 (14:4), October 1998, 40-43.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1998). Monikielisyyteen johtavia koulutusmalleja (Educational
models leading to multilingualism). Paappanen, Päivi (toim.) (1998). Kielipoliittiset
periaatteet ja käytäntö kehitysyhteistyössä. Raportti Kepan kieliseminaarista
24.2.1998. Kepan raporttisarja nro 26/1998. Helsinki: Kepa, 24-26.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1998). Nyelvi sokféleség, emberi jogok és a ‘szabad’ piac
(‘Linguistic diversity, human rights and the “free” market’; in Hungarian).
Fundamentum. The Hungarian Human Rights Quarterly, 1-2: 7-25.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1998). Oktatásügy és nyelv. Többnyelvi sokféleség vagy
egynyelvi redukcionizmus. Regio 9:3, 1998, 3-35 (Translation into Hungarian of
“Educational language choice - multilingual diversity or monolingual reductionism?”
In Hellinger, Marlis and Ammon, Ulrich (eds) Contrastive Sociolinguistics. Berlin &
New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 175-204).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1999). Both-and is elementary in language policy, my dear
Watson. News from the Nordic Africa Institute 2, 1999, 10-11.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1999). Education of Minorities. In Fishman, Joshua A. (ed.).
Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity. New York & Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 42-59.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1999). Foreword. In Rassool, Naz. Literacy for Sustainable
Development in the Age of Information. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters, vii-xvi.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1999). I diritti umani e le ingiustizie linguistiche. Un futuro per la
diversità? In Susi, Francesco (a cura di). Come si è stretto il mondo. L’educazione
interculturale in Italia e in Europa: teorie, esperienze e strumenti. Roma: Armando
Editore, 85-114.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1999). Language attrition, language death, language murder different facts or different ideologies? In Christidis, A. F. (ed.). ‘Strong’ and ‘Weak’
Languages in the European Union. Aspects of Linguistic Hegemonism. Thessaloniki:
327
Centre for the Greek Language, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 59-73.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1999). Language, power and linguistic human rights - the role
of the state. In Comhdháil Idirnáisiúnta ar Reachtaíocht Teanga, Tuarascáil ar
Imeachtái na Comhdhála (International Conference on Language Legislation,
Conference Proceedings), organised by Comhdháil Náisiúnta na Gaeilge, 14-17
October 1998, Baile Átha Cliath, Éire (Dublin, Ireland), 49-67.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1999). Linguistic and biological diversity, the ’free market’ and
the future of the planet - do linguistic human rights in education have any power?
/Jezikovna in biološka diverziteta,~’prosti trg’ in bodočnost Zamlje - ali imajo človekove
jezikovne pravice na področju izobraževanja sploh kaj moči?. In Annales. Annals for
Istran and Mediterranean Studies, Series Historia et Sociologia, 9, 1999s, 1(16), 75-88.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1999). Linguistic diversity, human rights and the “free” market’.
In Kontra, Miklós, Phillipson, Robert, Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Várady, Tibor (eds).
Language: A Right and a Resource. Approaches to Linguistic Human Rights. Budapest:
Central European University Press, 187-222.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1999). Linguistic human rights - are you naive or what? TESOL
Journal 8(3), Special Issue, One World, Many Tongues, Language Policies and the
Rights of Learners, eds. Robert A.De Villar & Toshiko Sugino, Autumn 1999, 6-12.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1999). Review of Reagan, Timothy (1996). Non-Western
Educational Traditions: Alternative approaches to educational thought and practice. In
News from the Nordic Africa Institute, 3, October 1999, 34-35.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1999). Språkligt forlkmord och kurderna (Linguistic genocide and
the Kurds). Berbang. Kurdiska Riksförbundets Tidskrift. No 113.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1999). The Globalisation of Language Rights. In Brock-Utne,
Birgit & Garbo, Gunnar (eds) Globalization - on whose terms? Oslo: Institute of
Educational Research, University of Oslo, 168-199.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1999). What fate awaits the world’s languages? Media
Development 4, 3-7.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (1999). ГΛΩΣΣIKH ФΘOPA, ГΛΩΣΣIKOΣ ΘANATOΣ,
ГΛΩΣΣIKH ΔOΛOФONIA – ΔIAФOPETIKA ГEГONOTA ´H ΔIAФOPETIKEΣ
IΔEOΛOГIEΣ. In A.- Ф.XPIΣTIΔHΣ (EΠ.). “IΣXYPEΣ” KAI “AΣΘENEIΣ”
ГΛΩΣΣEΣ ΣTHN EYPΩΠAΪKH ENΩΣH. OΨEIΣ TOY ГΛΩΣΣIKOY
HГEMONIΣMOY. ΘEΣΣAΛONIKH: KENTPO EΛΛHNIKHΣ ГΛΩΣΣAΣ, 74-90.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2000). Kielellisten ihmisoikeuksien merkitys maailman
tulevaisuudelle. Juhlaluento, Ruotsinsuomalaisten Valtuuskunnan avajaisistunto, 2021 toukokuuta 2000, Tukholma. http://lundilaiset.cjb.net
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2000). Kommentárat raportii Iskkadeapmi sámegiela
geavaheami birra. Kommentarer til rapporten Undersøkelse om bruk av samisk
språk. Guovdageaidnu: Sámi giellaráđđi. 70 pp. (in Saami and Norwegian).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2000). Language rights: problems and challenges in recent
human rights instruments. In Japanese. In Nobutaka, Miura and Keisuke, Kasuya
(eds). Les impérialismes linguistiques/ Linguistic imperialism (in Japanes!).Tokyo:
Fujiwara-Shoten Publishers, 293-314.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2000). Linguistic genocide in education - or worldwide diversity
and human righs? Mahwah, NJ & London, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 818 pp.
South Asian updated edition in 2008, Delhi: Orient Longman.
328
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2000). Linguistic Genocide or Linguistic Human Rights in the
Education of Sign Language Users and other Linguistic Minorities. Excerpt from a
plenary paper. WFD-News (World Federation of the Deaf) 13:1, 17-19.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2000). Linguistic human rights and teachers of English. In Hall,
Joan Kelly & Eggington, William G. (eds). The Sociopolitics of English Language
Teaching. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 22-44.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2000). Menšina, jazyk a rasizmus. Bratislava: Kalligram.
(translation into Slovak, with revision & a new forword, of Minoritet, sprog og
racisme/Vähemmistö, kieli ja rasismi). 297 pp..
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2000). Securing multilingualism and linguistic diversity - the role
of education and language rights in European linguistic ecology. In Aguado, Karin &
Hu, Adelheid (hrsg.). Mehrsprachigkeit und Mehrkulturalität. Berlin: Pädagogischer
Zeitschriftenverlag, 19-43.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2000). Sociolinguistics for supporting diversities?
Sociolinguistica 14, 2000, Special Issue, The Future of European Sociolinguistics, 5054.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2000). The Author Responds [to Reader’s Comments on TSK’s
‘Linguistic Human Rights - Are You Naive, or What?’]. TESOL Journal 9:2, Summer
2000, 4-5.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2000). The Relevance of Educational Language Rights in the
EU Enlargement Debate. Available at
http://www.ecmi.de/activities/minority_congress_2000_speeches.htm
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2000). Education of ethnic minorities: introduction and evaluation
of various models in relation to Roma. See
http://www.tolerance.cz/english/sem2000/ecmi04.htm.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2001). Bilingual Education. General Rapporteur’s Position Paper.
In Fleiner, Thomas, Nelde, Peter H. & Turi, Joseph-G. (eds). Droit et langue(s)
d’enseignement / Law and Language(s) of Education. Fribourg: Publications of the
Institute of Federalism Fribourg Switzerland, 381-422.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2001). How to wriggle out of linguistic human rights duties some recipes for unwilling states. In Andor, József, Szücs, Tibor & Terts, István
(eds). Színes évek nem alszanak… Szépe György 70. születésnapjára, Volume II.
Pécs: Lingua Franca Csoport, 1106-1116.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2001). Linguistic human rights in education for language
maintenance. In Maffi, Luisa (ed.). On Biocultural Diversity. Linking Language,
Knowledge and the Environment. Washington, D.C.: The Smithsonian Institute Press,
397-411.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2001). Los derechos humanos y la educación multilingüe desde
una perspectiva ecológica (Human Rights and Multilingual Education from an
Ecological Perspective). Revísta de Educacíon 326, Septiembre - Diciembre 2001,
Bilingüismo y educación. Madrid: Ministerio de educación, cultura y deporte. )Special
issue on Bilingualism and Bilingual Education, publisher the Spanish Ministry of
Education), 99-115.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2001). Review of May, Stephen. (ed.) (1999). Indigenous
community-based education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Current Issues in
Language Planning, 2: 2&3, 2001, 268-278.
329
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2001). The globalisation of educational language rights. In BrockUtne, Birgit (ed.). Globalisation, language and education. Special volume,
International Review of Education 47: 2-3, 201-219.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2002). Comment. (North) American Ambiguities and paranoias.
International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 155/156, 179-186.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2002). Dilsel Çeşitlilik, İnsan Hakları ve ”Serbest” Piyasa (xx).
Toplum ve Hukuk Araştırmaları Vakfı (Foundation for Social and Legal Studies) 1: 3,
28-46. [Istanbul, Turkey].
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2002). Education of Ethnic Minorities: The importance of
language. LlinE. Lifelong Learning in Europe, VII: 3, 133-142.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2002). Irelands, Scotland, education and linguistic human
rights: some international comparisons. In Kirk, John M. & Ó Baoill, Dónall P. (eds).
(2002). Language Planning and Education: Linguistic Issues in Northern Ireland, the
Republic of Ireland, and Scotland. Belfast Studies in Language, Culture and Politics
6. Belfast: Cló Ollscoil na Banríona 221-266.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2002). Kva har nnynorsk til felles med europeiske
minoritetsspråk? (What does Nynorsk have in common with European minority
languages?). In Sæbø Skarpeteig, Trond (ed.). Globalisering of språkpolitikk
(Globalisation and language policy). Oslo: Noregs Mållag, 41-63.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2002). Language: Key to Life on Earth. Language Magazine. The
Journal of Communication and Education, April 2002: 22-24.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2002). Linguicide, ecocide and linguistic human rights - education
as a villain or a partial solution? In Tρέσσου, Ευαγγελία / Μητακίδου, Σούλα (επιµ). Н
ΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΓΛΩΣΣΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΩΝ ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΩΝ. Εκπαίδενση
γλωσσικών µειονοτήτων. [Tressou, Evangelia / Mitakidou, Soula (eds). Education of
Language Minorities: the teaching of language anfd mathematics. ISBN 960-374-1914]. Thessaloniki: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 606-630.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2002). Linguistic diversity is necessary for maintenance of
biodiversity. In Colloquium on Mauritian Kreol (ed.). Langaz Kreol Zordi. Papers on
Kreol. Port Louis: Ledikasyon pu Travayer (Workers’ Education), 47-50.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2002). Linguistic Human Rights in Education: Western Hypocrisy
in European and Global Language Policy. In Hatalom és kultúra. Power and Culture.
Plenáris előadások. Plenary Sessions. V. Nemzetkögi Hungarológiai Kongresszus.
The 5th International Congress of Hungarian Studies. Szerkesztette / Edited by Tuomo
Lahdelma, Jankovics József, Nyerges Judit & Petteri Laihonen. Jyväskylä: University
of Jyväskylä, Faculty of Humanities, Hungarian Studies, 115-156.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2002). Marvellous human rights rhetoric and grim realities language rights in education. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education 1:3, 179205.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2002). Pourquoi préserver et favoriser la diversité linguistique en
Europe? Quelques arguments. Guide pour l’élaboration des politiques linguistiques
éducatives en Europe - De la diversité linguistique à l’éducation plurilingue. Etude de
reference. Strasbourg: Conceil de l’Europe, Division des politiques linguistiques, DG
IV. 20 pp.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2002). Review of Price, Glanville (ed.) (2000). Encyclopedia of
the languages of Europe. In Language Policy 1:1, 2002, 104-107.
330
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2002). Review of, Price, Jeremy N. Against the odds: The
meaning of school and relationships in the lives of six young African-American men.
Discourse and Society 13:1, 153-154.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2002). Review or Emotional Reaction? A Rejoinder. Applied
Linguistics 23/24, 536-541.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2002). Some philosophical and ethical aspects of ecologically
based language planning. In L’Écologie des langues / Ecology of Languages.
Mélanges /Homage to William Mackey. Annette Boudreau, Lise Dubois, Jacques
Maurais & Grant McConnell (eds). Paris: L’Harmattan, 69-102.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2002). Sprache und Menschenrechte (Language and Human
Rights). Das Zeichen. Zeitschrift für Sprache und Kultur Gehörloser. März Nr. 59,
2002: 52-63.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2002). Sproglige rettigheder i undervisning og Tyrkiet - nogle
internationale sammenligninger. I Dokumenter fra International Konference om
Kurdere, EU og Tyrkiet, 14-15 oktober 2002. København: KOMKAR (Den Kurdiske
Forening) & AIF (Arbejderbevægelsens Internationale Forum), 20-41.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2002). Språkpolitik behövs för hela världen för att upprätthålla
mångfald (Global language policy needed for the maintenance of diversities). In
Boyd, Sally, Dorriots, Beatriz, Haglund-Dragic, Monica & Källström, Robert (eds).
Språkpolitik (Language Policy). Göteborg: ASLA (The Swedish Association for Applied
Linguistics), 181-215.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2002). When languages disappear, are bilingual education or
human rights a cure? Two scenarios. In Opportunities and Challenges of
Bilingualism. Eds Li Wei, Jean-Marc Dewaele & Alex Housen. Contributions to the
Sociology of Language 87. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 45-67.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2002). Why should linguistic diversity be maintained and
supported in Europe? Some arguments. Guide for the development of language
education policies in Europe: from linguistic diversity to plurilingual education.
Reference study. Strasbourg: Council of Europe, Language Policy Division, DG IV. 22
pp. . www.coe.int/ T/E/Cultural_Cooperation/education/Languages/Language_Policy/Policy_development_
activities/Studies/Skutnabb-KangasEN.pdf.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2002). Γλωσσοκτονία, οικοκτονία και τα γλωσσικά ανθρώπινα
δικαιώµατα - Η εκπαίδευση ως ένοχος ή ως µερική λΰση (Linguicide, ecocide and
linguistic human rights - education as a villain or a partial solution?). In Tρέσσου,
Ευαγγελία / Μητακίδου, Σούλα (επιµ). Н ΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΓΛΩΣΣΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΩΝ
ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΩΝ. Εκπαίδενση γλωσσικών µειονοτήτων. [Tressou, Evangelia /
Mitakidou, Soula (eds). Education of Language Minorities: the teaching of language
and mathematics. ISBN 960-374-191-4]. Thessaloniki: Aristotle University of
Thessaloniki, 202-230.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2003). “Intercultural cooperation” without linguistic human
rights - a recipe for exclusion? In Lasonen, Johanna & Lestinen, Leena (eds).
Teaching and Learning for Intercultural Understanding, Human Rights and a Culture
of Peace. Conference Proceedings. Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, with
UNESCO. CD. ISBN 951-39-1531-X.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2003). (Why) should diversities be maintained? Language
331
diversity, biological diversity and linguistic human rights. Glendon Distinguished
Lectures 2003, York University, Glendon College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2003). Comment to the 1st Round Table, Mackey Symposium.
DiversCité Langues, Forum : Écologie linguistique. Go to
http://www.teluq.uquebec.ca/diverscite/entree.htm, click on Forums, then Forums de
discussion, ACCÈS AUX FORUMS, Pour discuter sans inscription, L’écologie des
langues (4/4), and you find Maurais’ Introduction to the Round Table and the two
comments. See also my 2002. Some philosophical and ethical aspects of ecologically
based language planning. In L’Écologie des langues / Ecology of Languages.
Mélanges /Homage to William Mackey. Annette Boudreau, Lise Dubois, Jacques
Maurais & Grant McConnell (eds). Paris: L’Harmattan, 69-102.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2003). Entry ”Kaksikielisyys” (Bilingualism). In SeurujärviKari, Irja et al. Saamelaiskulttuurin ensyklopedia. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopisto:
Suomalais-ugrilainen laitos, Saamentutkimus.
http://www.helsinki.fi/~sugl_smi/senc/kirjoittajat.htm
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2003). Entry ”Kielellinen kansanmurha” (Linguistic genocide).
In Seurujärvi-Kari, Irja et al. Saamelaiskulttuurin ensyklopedia. Helsinki: Helsingin
yliopisto: Suomalais-ugrilainen laitos, Saamentutkimus.
http://www.helsinki.fi/~sugl_smi/senc/kirjoittajat.htm
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2003). Entry ”Kielelliset ihmisoikeudet” (Linguistic human
rights). In Seurujärvi-Kari, Irja et al. Saamelaiskulttuurin ensyklopedia. Helsinki:
Helsingin yliopisto: Suomalais-ugrilainen laitos, Saamentutkimus.
http://www.helsinki.fi/~sugl_smi/senc/kirjoittajat.htm
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2003). Entry “Äidinkieli” (Mother tongue). In Seurujärvi-Kari,
Irja et al. Saamelaiskulttuurin ensyklopedia. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopisto: Suomalaisugrilainen laitos, Saamentutkimus.
http://www.helsinki.fi/~sugl_smi/senc/kirjoittajat.htm
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2003). Eski Guvernman pe tuy Bhojpuri & Kreol? Zenosid
lingwistik dab lekol ubyen diversite langaz? Mauritian Creole & English Versions.
Public Lecture Series. Port Louis, Mauritius: Ledikasyon Pu Travayer. 80 pp.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2003). Global diversity or not: the role of linguistic human
rights in education. In Perera, Joan (ed.). Plurilingüisme i educació: els reptes del
segle XXI. Ensenyar llengües en la diversitat i per a la diversitat. Barcelona: Institut
Siències de l’Educació Universitat de Barcelona, 17-41.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2003). Linguistic Diversity and Biodiversity: The Threat from
Killer Languages. In Mair, Christian (ed.). The Politics of English as a World Language.
New Horizons in Postcolonial Cultural Studies. Amsterdam & New York: Rodopi, 3152.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2003). Review of Hinton, Leanne & Hale, Ken (eds): The Green
Book of Language Revitalization in Practice. In Language and Education. 17:3, 235237.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2003). Review of Huss, Leena (1999). Reversing Language Shift
in the Far North. Linguistic Revitalization in Scandinavia and Finland. In International
Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, Vol 6:1, 66-70.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2003). Revitalisation of indigenous languages in education:
contextualising the Papua New Guinea experience. Language and Education. An
332
International Journal. 17:2, 81-86.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2003). Series editor’s foreword. In Huss, Leena, Camilleri Grima,
Antoinette & King, Kendall (eds). Transcending Monolingualism: Linguistic
Revitalisation in Education. Series Multilingualism and Linguistic Diversity. Lisse:
Swets & Zeitlinger, vii-viii.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2003). Why should linguistic diversity be maintained? Literacy
and language in sustainable development. In Leontovich, Olga (ed.). Communication
Studies 2003: Modern Anthology/ КоммуннкативньІе иссдования. Peremena:
Volgograd, 44-54.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2004). “Do not cut my tongue, let me live and die with my
language”. A Comment on English and Other Languages in Relation to Linguistic
Human Rights. Journal of Language, Identity and Education 3(2), 127-134.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2004). “How (unnecessary) political tension leads to confusion,
controversies, inconsistencies and, ultimately, lack of linguistic human rights in
education. [Title changed in the book by Council of Europe, without permission, from
the title of my original presentation, to “The status of minority languages in the
education process”]. In Filling the Frame. Five years of monitoring the
Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. Proceedings of
the conference held in Strasbourg, 30-31 October 2003. Strasbourg: Council of
Europe Publishing, pp. 234-254.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2004). [Linguistic Genocide and the Deaf. (In Japanese)]. In
[Deaf Education and Language Rights- the whole picture of The Petition for
Protection of Human Rights of Deaf Children (in Japanese)]. Tokyo: Akashi
Shoten, 153-190, with an Afterword by the translator, Shigeko Nakamura, pp. 191195. [The English version can be downloaded from
http://media.urova.fi/deafeducation/ddb/databank.php].
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2004). Indigenous or immigrant minorities? Who is at greater risk?
NORRAG News 34, September 2004, 15-17. [also available at
http://www.norrag.org/last_issue.php].
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2004). Literacy and language in sustainable development. In
Education for a Sustainable Future: Commitments and partnerships. UNESCO;
South Africa, Ministry of Education; NGO-UNESCO Liaison Committee. Paris:
UNESCO Publishing (Education on the Move). ISBN: 92-3-103935-0, 169-178.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2004). Multiple languages (and literacies) as an expression of
diversities. In Dias, Patrick (ed.). Multiple Languages, Literacies and Technologies.
Mapping out concepts, analyzing practices and defining positions. Series
Multilingualism, Subalternity and Hegemony of English, Volume 1. Frankfurt am
Main & New Delhi: Multilingualism Network/Books for Change, 39-85. See
http://www.multilingualism.net/
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2004). Needed - constructive scholarly dialogue. Journal of
Language, Identity, and Education 3(2), 157-160.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2004). Políticas del lenguaje y educacíon: el papel de la edicacíon
en la destrucción o el soporte de la diversidad lingüística. [translation of Language
Policies and Education: the role of education in destroying or supporting the world’s
linguistic diversity.. The English version is at
http://www.linguapax.org/congres/plenaries/skutnabb.html]. Dimensió Antropológica
333
(Instituto Nacional de Antropología e historia, Mexico) 10(28): 91-186.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2004). Review of Corson, David: Language diversity and
education. Language Policy 3:4, 296-299.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2004). Review of May, Stephen. (2001). Language and
minority rights: ethnicity, nationalism, and the politics of language. Language Policy
3:1, 75-77.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2004). Revitalisering av språk - didaktiska och kulturella
utmaningar [revitalisation of languages - didactic and cultural challenges]. In Østern,
Anna-Lena & Heilä-Ylikallio, Ria (red). Språk och kultur - brytningar i tid och rum.
Language as Culture - Tensions in Time and Space. Rapport 11(2004. Vasa: Åbo
Akademi University, Faculty of Education, 51-98.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2004). Series editor’s foreword. In Woods, Anya. The Message
or the Medium. Language and Faith in Ethnic Churches. Series Linguistic Diversity
and Language Rights, 1. Clevedon, Buffalo, Toronto, Sydney: Multilingual Matters, ixx.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2004). Veszélyeztetett nyelvek—emberi jogok [=Endangered
languages and human rights]. [Translation into Hungarian by parts of “Finno-Ugric
Peoples in a Global Context: human rights of speakers of endangered languages”.
Plenary paper at the 4th World Congress of the Finno-Ugric Peoples, August 15-19,
2004, Tallinn, Estonia. Translated by María Sipos]. Finnugor Világ, vol. IX, no. 3
(September 2004): 16-24.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2005). Can a “linguistic human rights approach” “deliver”?
Reflections on complementarities, tensions and misconceptions in attempts at
multidisciplinarities. In May, S., Franken, M., & Barnard, R. (eds) (2005), LED2003:
Refereed Conference Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Language,
Education and Diversity. Hamilton: Wilf Malcolm Institute of Educational Research,
University of Waikato. CD.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2005). Eğitimde Dilsel ve Kültürel Çeşitlilik İnsan Hakları ve
Türkiye –Uluslararası Bazı Karılaşİtırmalar [translation into Turkish by Zeri İnanç of
“Linguistic human rights in education and Turkey - some international comparisons;
see http://www.kurds.dk/kurdi/2000/nuce24]. ]. Bîr. Kovera lêgerîn û lêkolînê.
Aroçtirmo - İnceleme dergisi 3, 38-62.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2005). Linguistic Genocide. In Shelton, Dinah (ed.).
Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity, 3 vols. New York:
Macmillan Reference USA, 653-654.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2005). Review of Mühlhäusler, Peter. Language of Environment Environment of Language. A Course in Ecolinguistics. Language Policy 4:2, 210-214.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2005). Review of Tollefson, James W. & Tsui, Amy. B. M.
(eds). Medium of Instruction Policies. Which Agenda? Whose Agenda? In
Anthropology & Education Quarterly, June 2004, Vol. 35, 2. [retrieve from
www.aaanet.org/cae/aeq/br/tollefson2.htm].
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2005). “Multilingual Universities and Globalisation - Promoting
Creativity and Linguistic Human Rights? Or?” Keynote presentation at the conference
Bi- and multilingual universities – Challenges and future prospects, University of
Helsinki, Finland, 1-3 September 2005.
http://www.palmenia.helsinki.fi/congress/bilingual2005/program.asp.
334
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2005). Tehlike Altındaki Dilsel ve Kültürel Çeşitlilik ve Tehlike
Altındaki Biyoçeşitlilik – Çeşitliliğin Korunmasında Dilsel İnsan Hakları Eğitiminin
Rolü. [translation into Turkish by Zeri İnanç of “Endangered linguistic and cultural
diversities and endangered biodiversity – the role of educational linguistic human
rights in diversity maintenance”; see http://wwwsert .pen-kurd.org/Diyarbakirseminar/tove-endangered-linguistic-and-cultural-diversities.html for the English
version]. Bîr. Kovera lêgerîn û lêkolînê. Aroçtirmo - İnceleme dergisi 3, 7-37.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2006). Language Policy and Linguistic Human Rights. In
Ricento, Thomas (ed.). An Introduction to Language Policy. Theory and Method.
Oxford: Blackwells, 273-291.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2006). Linguistic genocide? Children’s right to education in
their own languages. id21 insights education. Communicating development
research 5, September 2006, 3.Download from http://www.id21.org/insights/insightsed05/pdf.html.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2006). Linguistic Human Rights/Sprachliche Menschenrechte.
Ammon, Ulrich, Dittmar, Norbert, Mattheier, Klaus J. & Trudgill, Peter (eds).
Sociolinguistics/Soziolinguistik. An International Handbook of the Science of
Language and Society/Ein Internationales Handbuch zur Wissenschaft von
Sprache und Gesellschaft. Volume 3. Berlin & New York: Walter de Gruyter, 25752584.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2006). Linguistic Rights. In Encyclopedia of Language and
Linguistics, 2nd ed., Ed. by Keith Brown. Oxford: Elsevier, Vol. 7, ed. Jacob Mey,
entry nr. 407, 212-215). www.elsevier.com/locate/ell2.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2007). Language Rights. In Jan-Ola Östman & Jef Verschueren
(eds). Handbook of Pragmatics. Benjamins.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2007). Language Planning and Language Rights. In Handbooks
of Applied Linguistics, Volume 9. Handbooks of Language and Communication:
Diversity and Change, eds Marlis Hellinger & Anne Pauwels, Berlin & New York:
Mouton de Gruyter, 365-397.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2007). Linguistic Human Rights in Education? In García, Ofelia
& Baker, Colin (eds). Bilingual Education. An Introductory Reader. Clevedon,
Buffalo & Toronto: Multilingual Matters, 137-144. [reprint of pages 569-578 in
Skutnabb-Kangas 2000, Linguistic Genocide in Education – or Worldwide Diversity
and Human Rights?, with Questions, Activities, and Further Reading added by the
editors].
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2007). Multilingual Universities and Linguistic Human Rights.
In Medgyesi, Emese (ed.). Let 2007 TRULY be the year of equal opportunities at the
Babeş-Bolyai University! 2997 legyen VALÓBAN az egyenlö esélyek éve a BabeşBolyai Egyetemen! Fie 2007 INTR-ADEVAR annual egalitatii de şanse la
Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai! Public hearing in the European Parliement, Brussels,
Tuesday, 9 October 2007, Hosted by Sándor Kónya-Hamar, MP. Kolozsár: Stúdium
Ltd. Cluj-Napoca, 65-72.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2007). Series Editor’s Foreword. In Glaser, Konstanze (2007).
Minority Languages and Cultural Diversity in Europe. Gaelic and Sorbian
Perspectives. Clevedon, Buffalo, Toronto: Multilingual Matters, xi-xiii.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2007). Series Editor’s Foreword. In Rassool, Naz (2007).
335
Global Issues in Language, Education and Development. Perspectives from
Postcolonial Countries. Series Linguistic Diversity and Language Rights. Clevedon,
UK: Multilingual Matters, viii-x.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2007). Többnyelvü egyetemek, nyelvi emberi jogok. In
Medgyesi, Emese (ed.). Let 2007 TRULY be the year of equal opportunities at the
Babeş-Bolyai University! 2997 legyen VALÓBAN az egyenlö esélyek éve a BabeşBolyai Egyetemen! Fie 2007 INTR-ADEVAR annual egalitatii de şanse la
Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai! Public hearing in the European Parliement, Brussels,
Tuesday, 9 October 2007, Hosted by Sándor Kónya-Hamar, MP. Kolozsár: Stúdium
Ltd. Cluj-Napoca, 208-215.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2007). Undervisning kan myrde eller redde sprog. PEN Nyt, 1,
København: Dansk PEN, 35-41. ISSN 1602-432X.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2007). Universitatile multilingve şi drepturile lingvistice ale
omului. In Medgyesi, Emese (ed.). Let 2007 TRULY be the year of equal
opportunities at the Babeş-Bolyai University! 2997 legyen VALÓBAN az egyenlö
esélyek éve a Babeş-Bolyai Egyetemen! Fie 2007 INTR-ADEVAR annual egalitatii de
şanse la Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai! Public hearing in the European Parliement,
Brussels, Tuesday, 9 October 2007, Hosted by Sándor Kónya-Hamar, MP. Kolozsár:
Stúdium Ltd. Cluj-Napoca, 348-355.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2008) (in Japanese). Bilingual education and Sign language as
the mother tongue of Deaf children. In Japan Deaf Children and Parents Association
(ed.). Deaf Children Grow Bilingually. Tokyo: Seikatsu-shoin, 35-77.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2008). Bilingual education and Sign language as the mother
tongue of Deaf children. In Kellett Bidoli, Cynthia J. & Ochse, Elana (eds). English in
International Deaf Communication. Bern: Peter Lang, 75-94.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2008). Human Rights and Language Policy in Education. In
Volume 1. Language Policy and Political Issues in Education, eds. Stephen May and
Nancy H. Hornberger. Encyclopedia of Language and Education, 2nd edition. New
York: Springer, 107-119.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2008). Human Rights and Language Policy in Education. In
Volume 5, Bilingual Education, eds Jim Cummins and Nancy H. Hornberger.
Encyclopedia of Language and Education, 2nd edition. New York: Springer, 117-131.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2008). Linguistic Genocide in Education – Or Worldwide
Diversity and Human Rights? New Delhi: Orient Longman. [Slightly updated from
the 2000 edition; ISBN 13: 978 81 250 3461 2; ISBN 10: 81 250 3461 7; For sale in
India, Pakista, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, the Maldives and Sri Lanka only].
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2008). Linguistic Human Rights (LHRs) in education – too
little too late? In Kimura, Goro Christoph (ed.). [XX in Japanese]/ Al justa
lingvopolitiko en Azio/ Towards Equitable Language Policy in Asia. Proceedings of
the 5thNitobe Symposium. Tokyo: European Institute, Sophia University & Japana
Esperanto-Instituto, 92-102.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2008). Human rights violations in Indigenous and minority
education. In Börestam, Ulla, Gröndahl, Satu and Straszer, Boglárka (eds).
Revitalisera mera! En artikelsamling om den språkliga mångfalden I Norden
tillägnad Leena Huss. [Revitalise more! Articles about linguistic diversity in the
Nordic countries. Festschrift för Leena Huss]. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet, Centrum
336
för multietnisk forskning, 155-168.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2008). Language, Education, and (violations of) Human Rights.
Keynote lecture at "Linguistic Rights in the World, the current situation. A
Symposium to commemorate the 100th Anniversary of the Universal Esperanto
Association and the 60th Anniversary of the Declaration of Human Rights", 24 April
2008, UN, Geneva. http://www.linguisticrights.org/dokumento/Geneve_24_April_2008_UEA_UNHCHR.pdf
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2009). MLE for Global Justice: Issues, Approaches,
Opportunities. In Mohanty, Ajit, Panda, Minati, Phillipson, Robert, Skutnabb-Kangas,
Tove (eds). Multilingual Education for Social Justice: Globalising the Local. New
Delhi: Orient Blackswan, 36-59.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2009). MLE for Global Justice: Issues, Approaches,
Opportunities. In Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove, Phillipson, Robert, Mohanty, Ajit and
Panda, Minati (eds). Social Justice through Multilingual Education. Bristol:
Multilingual Matters, 36-62.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2009). Linguistic genocide: Tribal education in India. Indian
Folklife. A quarterly newsletter from National Folklore Support Centre, No 32, April
2009Special issue: Tribal Education, ed. Mahendra Kumar Mishra 4-6.
http://www.indianfolklore.org).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2009). What can TESOL do in order not to participate in crimes
against humanity? TESOL Quarterly 43:2, 340-344.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2009b). Why mother-tongue-based MLE? Sanothimi, Bhakatpur
(Kathmandu): Multilingual Education Program for All Non-Nepali Speaking Students
of Primary Schools of Nepal. Department of Education, Inclusive Education Section.
Leaflet, in English and Nepali.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2010). Education of Indigenous and Minority Children. In
Fishman, Joshua A. & García, Ofelia (eds) Handbook of Language and Ethnic
Identity. Disciplinary and Regional Perspectives. Volume 1. 2nd revised edition.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 186-204.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2010). Language rights. In Jaspers, Jürgen, Östman, Jan-Ola &
Verschueren, Jef (eds). Society and Language Use. Volume 7, Handbook of
Pragmatics Highlights. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 212-240.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2010). Novi osvrt na osnove institucionalizovanih jezičkih
prava [in Serbian; Linguistic Human Rights Basics Revisited]. In Diskurs i diskursi
[Discourse and Discourses]. Papers in honour of Professor Svenka Savić. (ed. Vera
Vasić). Novi Sad: Filosofski Fakultet Univerziteta u Novom Sadu [The Faculty of
Philosophy of the University of Novi Sad], 123-135.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2011). Review of Helena Sulkala & Harri Mantila (eds) (2010).
Planning a New Standard Language: Finnic Minority Languages Meet the New
Millennium. Language Problems & Language Planning 35:2, 183-186.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2011). Language ecology. Pragmatics in Practice, ed. Jan-Ola
Östman. Series Handbook of Pragmatics Highlights, Amsterdam: John Benjamins,
177-198. http://www.benjamins.com/cgi-bin/t_seriesview.cgi?series=HoPH . [A
revised version of Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert (2007). Language
Ecology. (Revision of an 1999 article). In Jan-Ola Östman & Jef Verschueren, in
collaboration with Eline Versluys (eds). Handbook of Pragmatics. Amsterdam: John
337
Benjamins].
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2011). Why Mother-Tongue-Based Multilingual Education
(MLE)? MLE Newsletter 1 (Inaugural issue), 4-5 [A Newsletter of Multilingual
Education Resource Centre published by CERID/TU with the support of UNESCO
Office in Kathmandu]. http://www.mlerc-cerid.org.np.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2012). Heikentävätkö saamelaiset itse kulttuuriaan? [Are the
Saami themselves weakening their own culture?]. Lapin Kansa 15 February 2012.
Also in Inarilainen 14.3.2012.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2012). The stakes: Linguistic diversity, linguistic human rights
and mother-tongue-based multilingual education - or linguistic genocide, crimes
against humanity and an even faster destruction of biodiversity and our planet. In
Forum International de Bamako sur de multilinguisme. “Un première étape vers un
Sommet Mondial sur le Multilinguisme”. Bamako, Mali, 19-21 janvier 2009. Actes
du Forum. Bamako: African Union, ACALAN, Maaya, 65-78
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2012). Indigenousness, human rights, ethnicity, language, and
power. In García, Ofelia & Schweid Fishman, Gella (eds.). Cultural Autonomy and
Fishmanian Sociolinguistics. Special issue of The International Journal of the
Sociology of Language, 213, 87-104.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2012). Linguistic Human Rights. In Tiersma, Peter M. and
Solan, Lawrence M. (eds) (2012). Oxford Handbook of Language and Law. Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 236-247. [also as e-book].
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2012). Series editor’s note. In Rapatahana, Vaughan and Bunce,
Pauline (eds). English language as Hydra. Bristol: Multilingual Matters. Series
Linguistic Diversity and Language Rights, xv-xvi.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2012). Resultados do crecementismo e da homoxeneización
lingüística no ensino. Quen