1. technology and computing

Using the Cloud
Abusing the Cloud
Y
By Stan H. King
ou cannot throw a stick in any
direction without hitting a
cloud-based application or service.
The many offerings from so many
vendors blur lines differentiating vendors,
and ultimately, responsibilities.
Consumers appear to be the most trusting,
and from recent experiences, embrace cloud
providers willingly and without much
investigation. Sadly, consumers have as much
to lose as any corporation, yet due to the
ubiquitous nature of consumer clouds, they
continually fail to take responsibility for their
own protection.
While that statement sounds like a
condemnation of the consumer, it really
shows how immature the entry-level cloud
can be for this user community. Blind
optimism that many consumers have about
data protection and access credentialing
seems to be a holdover from the good old
days when clear-text transmission of
financial and PII (Personally Identifiable
Information) was commonplace and
accepted. Sadly, cost is normally a key
factor when consumers search for providers,
with a secondary selection factor based on
features provided, disregarding several
crucial elements. The real selection criteria
for consumers as well as enterprises should
be security first, accessibility second,
followed by the appropriate focus on
features and cost.
Before you dismiss this introduction as a
setup for a consumer-focused article, allow
me to allay your fears. I am merely setting a
foundation for the need to change attitudes
about how we view and use the cloud.
Sometimes bad habits learned from being
consumers influence our business decisions,
often with disastrous results. Complacency is
too common and is not our friend.
The “cloud” is touted as offering many
models; software as a service (SaaS),
infrastructure as a service (IaaS) and platform
as a service (PaaS), with definitions based on
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NIST Special Publication 800-145. Deployment
can be further designated private cloud, public
cloud, hybrid cloud, or as newer categories with
finer granulations such as community cloud,
distributed cloud, inter-cloud, and multi-cloud.
One of the thorniest issues with cloud
implementations has been the diverse culture
surrounding duties and responsibilities: This
has become a hot topic and subject of great
disappointment for many customers. Sadly,
the cloud is not a panacea for all applications.
The same issues pertaining to duties,
responsibilities and implementations faced
with traditional data centers still exist. Yet
there appears to be an overwhelming urge to
move everything to the cloud regardless of
value. The promise of major cost saving by
various cloud providers has driven the
business model to a frenzy of outsourcing
activity, but motivations may be skewed based
on hype and hard-to-quantify promises.
Have you developed a business justification
for moving to a cloud? Have you looked at all
costs as well as duties and responsibilities?
Absolutely nothing is for free; not in life, and
most certainly not within the cloud!
Rule Number 1: If you put data into the
cloud, you must ensure it is secure and
protected from unauthorized access and
alteration. No matter how you look at it, this
requirement is the one that has so many large
corporations up against the ropes. The news
media is awash in stories of stolen data (Target,
Benesse Holdings Inc., Neiman Marcus, P.F.
Chang’s, eBay, etc.), yet we within the IT
community continue to resist the solution:
encryption of all data in-flight and at rest. The
issue has always been the cost of such an
implementation, but what of the cost for failing
to protect data? Unfortunately, this affects both
the enterprise as well as the consumer; a double
whammy with worldwide implications.
Several large corporations and federal
agencies have jumped on the cloud
bandwagon by outsourcing common
applications such as email. Their thinking is
that by moving this type of standardized
function to a bulk service provider, costs will
be significantly lower. Email in the cloud
offers several compelling benefits such as
availability (always accessible from anywhere),
elastic data storage (it can grow as required;
i.e., the more you use, the more you pay) and
offloading operational duties.
If you are bad at managing your internal IT
infrastructure, the cloud may offer some
respite from inability to protect your own
assets. Just ask the IRS about email retention
and recoverability. They were arguably
incapable of managing email internally so
perhaps the cloud would have been a better
implementation, albeit with caveats.
Rule Number 2: If you put data into the
cloud, you must ensure it is recoverable.
Backups are a must, and similarly, testing the
backup methodology and process is a
necessity. If you fail to cover contingent
liabilities with an all-encompassing plan, the
cloud will become no better than your data
center self-rule. If you kept backups of your
data for six months in your own data center,
then implemented the same term for your
cloud app, you have not improved the
situation much more than divorcing yourself
from the day-to-day activities.
But for some reason, we are not following
these two basic rules; rather, we act like
teenagers that store files through a service and
then ignore the fact they have lost all control.
Who’s to Blame?
Blame for what, you ask? Simply put, we
are not learning from our mistakes, and
from a doom and gloom perspective, the
stage is set for serious data loss as the cloud
paradigm is adopted by more and more
users. On the surface, this may sound
antagonistic or confrontational but shifting
responsibility from an internal organization
to an external organization does not
guarantee success and security.
Every cloud user must be completely
involved with the definition of what the cloud
will be for the organization; what services it
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will provide; who will monitor and provide
oversight. The same requirements imposed
when everything was in-house remain when
you outsource to the cloud. This means that
some functions, such as vendor management
and oversight, must still be a budget line item
and must still be part of a review process.
The cloud can be a safe haven for corporate
data only if you take the time to implement
proper controls and oversight. The cloud will
not protect you from yourself unless you
establish guidelines upfront to allow it to
protect you. The cloud, whatever cloud you
choose, is not in itself perfect, and security
has yet to be tested on a broad scale. You
cannot ignore safeguards of your assets, be
they music files for your MP3 player, emails
for your office or customer databases.
Outsourcing expectations should not be
viewed differently from those for your own
data center. If anything, you should expect—
and demand—more and better.
The cloud does offer agility. The ability to
react rapidly to changes in requirements is
one of the best value-adds that cloud
providers offer. Agility is great but security is
better and more important.
Rule Number 3: Take full responsibility for
your cloud implementation. Designate someone
in your organization to monitor application
operation and interface directly with the cloud
provider. Treat the cloud provider as a vendor
and require them to sign a service level
agreement specifically detailing everything
required by your corporate or Federal
standards for IT, such as, at a minimum:
• Establish a point of contact for all issues,
along with a process for problem
escalation and a maximum time limit for
corrective action.
• Ensure compliance with legislative
requirements such as HIPAA, FedRAMP or
for PII, and certified reports proving they
are in compliance annually.
• Embrace a rigid backup and recovery
procedure and policy.
• Encourage an application update strategy
and cycle.
• Enforce clear understanding of who owns
data and what happens to it once deleted.
Proactive Cloud Control
The cloud service industry has enjoyed
rapid growth and relatively few issues
involving data breach attempts or loss of data.
Eventually, cybersecurity hackers will develop
formidable tools to break into lucrative
repositories and feast on financial information
or intellectual property. Most likely, initial
methods employed will be suspiciously similar
to current methods such as social engineering
to steal credentials.
The best solution to this threat is
multifactor authentication. Costs are greater
but protection afforded is genuinely better and
provides a first line of defense against
intrusion. Individual security tokens with
PIN, along with traditional userid/password
combination, is a wise implementation for any
size group.
Combining the secure authentication
model with full data encryption (in-flight
and at-rest) starts you down the path for
resilient security demonstrably more reliable
than other more passive methods. Yes, it will
cost more to implement. Data encrypted
at-rest requires decryption during application
access, and this is a major concern, but it can
be done. IBM System z environments provide
this capability natively, using hardware
acceleration to maintain application
performance, making this platform a perfect
candidate for cloud implementations.
By implementing these two controls, even a
data breach can be less stressful with the
knowledge that data decryption will be
impractical for most thieves.
Stop the Abuse
All clouds are not created equal; that is a
given. If you develop your own private cloud,
it may provide all features you desire and
give you complete control, but not
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There appears to be an
overwhelming urge to move everything
to the cloud regardless of value.
automatically or without planning. Many
organizations believe that if they have
complete control over the cloud, as with their
own private cloud implementation, they will
have less to worry about. If you don’t build
security into your cloud design, then you
have achieved nothing of value. The
recommendations do not change; use
multifactor authentication and encrypt all
data at all times. This security mantra must
be accepted because it works; it is simple,
straight forward and secure.
Cloud management from the customer
perspective must include all elements of a
traditional data center:
• Operational control such as monitoring,
logging, failure analysis and periodic review
• Content control to implement a security
model over assets (applications and data)
• Recovery control to plan for disasters
• Administration control to manage access
control for users and applications.
Above all, create a strong management
team that takes control of the cloud to unite
all users, departments and functional business
units that use the enterprise cloud. Failing to
exert influence and control sets up the
organization for a failure. Do not fall into the
complacency trap; do not blindly accept
assurances from the cloud provider regarding
protection of your data or services provided.
Actively be part of the solution and not a
passive observer from the sidelines. After all,
this is your system, your assets and yours to
screw up.
Correct Attitudes
I find it humorous that after all these years
we are talking about cloud computing as a new
technology or a capability just invented. For
years, many of us have been using mature
virtualization found within z/VM (or VM/ESA,
VM/SP, etc.) to bring many of these “new”
cloud features to organizations we supported.
At one point it was called distributed processing
or decentralized processing; now, the moniker
is “the cloud.” Elements comprising this type of
operation are familiar to the VM community
and I suspect that many successful
implementations of corporate clouds are thanks
in part to old VM graybeards leading the
project. The world would be more secure if
z/VM was used everywhere.
Regardless of whence you came or where
you are going, the same generally accepted
business practices and procedures that we
have followed for years must continue to be
implemented as we move forward. It should
not be assumed to be automatic. Security is
not inherently automatic. We must manage
projects and systems the same whether using
an outsourced cloud, a self-supported cloud or
a traditional data center. Nothing changes. ETJ
Stan King is president and CTO at Information Technology
Company (Falls Church, VA). He’s currently performing
security audits at several large federal data centers and
developing security procedures for cloud computing.
Email: sking@p390.com
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