5.비전해질용액(수정2)
SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 Introductions Concentration expressions Equivalent weights Ideal solution & Real solution Colligative properties SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 Composition Solvent Solute Classification True solution ex) sucrose soln., air Coarse dispersion ex) spray, blood Colloidal dispersion ex) acacia soln., milk SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 Colligative properties vapor pressure lowering, freezing point depression Additive properties molecular weight Constitutive properties refraction of light, electric properties SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 Expression Symbol Characteristics Molarity M, c Dependent on temp. Normality N Dependent on temp. Molality m Independent on temp. Mole fration X, N Mole percent Percent % w/w, v/v, w/v SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 • Equivalent weight is …. The quantities of atom or molecule combining with 1.008 g of hydrogen • Equivalent weight = atomic weight / valence SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 NaCl 0.01mole “분자간의 인력이 균일” 1L SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 Temperature, Concentration, Pressure….. SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 Equilibrium vapor pressure SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 PA= P’A * XA PB= P’B * XB P= PA + PB SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 •Adhesion •Cohesion > < SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 > Ex) chloroform + acetone •dilution effect •attraction •Van der Waals force SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 < Ex) benzene + ethanol •escaping tendency의 증가 부분 증기압 증가 Psolvent = P’solvent * Xsolvent SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 Psolute = Ksolute * Xsolute SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 d v2 b Liquid A e Vapor f a v1 c B SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 •A mixture of constant composition and constant boiling point ex) HCl in water 20.22% (w/w) bp : 108.58℃ SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 Psolvent = P’solvent * Xsolvent = P’solvent * (1-Xsolute) P / P’solvent = Xsolute 측정: manometer, osmometer, isopiestic method, thermoelectric method SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 • Tb = K * X2 = Kb * m • Cottrell boiling point apparatus SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 • Tf = Kf * m • Beckmann method • Equilibrium method SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 Osmosis Osmosis vs VP depression Osmometer SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 πV = n R T π : osmotic pressure in atm V : volume of solution in liter n : number of moles of solute R : 0.082 (liter*atm) / (mole*deg) T : absolute temperature π= R T * m Morse Equation m: Molal conc. SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 1) Vapor pressure lowering 이용 P / P’ = X2 = n2 / (n1 + n2) W2 / M2 = W1 / M1 M2 = W2*M1*P’ W1* P SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 2) Boiling point elevation 이용 Freezing point lowering Tb = Kb * m Tf = Kf * m 1000 * W2 m= W1 * M2 Kb* 1000 * W2 Kf* 1000 * W2 = M2 = W1* P W1* P SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실 3) Osmotic pressure 이용 π=n*R*T/V n = W2 / M2 M2 = W2 * R * T π*V SKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교 물리약학연구실
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