Workshop F2: Current Drug Trends Presenter Nicole Rodler Rochester New Hampshire Police Department ~ Juvenile Court Diversion Coordinator Detective Christopher Magnum Rochester New Hampshire Police Department ~ Detective *The UNH Center for Professional Excellence in Child Welfare has been given permission to post the written materials for this workshop as part of the DCYF Annual Conference. Ownership of these materials remains with the author(s) and further distribution requires consent from the author(s).* Disclaimer: The information provided in this presentation is strictly for informative purpose- there is no intent to promote the use of or purchase of any item in this presentation. The Rochester Police Department is providing this information in confidence that it will not be misused or replicated. Updated 3/18/2014 The number of new synthetic drugs rose by more than 50% in less than 3 years- 60-80 never before seen street drugs identified in 2013 alone. 1 LEGISLATION • Synthetic Drug Abuse Prevention Act of 2012, as part of S. 3187, the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act, and NH State accepted into law August 8, 2012. • • • • Bans Mephedrone, MDPV, and "cannabimimetic agents" (including 15 that are named specifically), also bans 9 synthetic psychedelics in the "2C" family. April 12, 2013: DEA passed Final ruling: Schedule 1 Controlled SubstanceMethylone (Bath salt) And notice of Intent to temporarily schedule 3 cannabinoids: UR-144, XLR11 and AKB48 November 15, 2013: DEA passed temporary 2 year Ban on 25I-NBOMe, 25C-NBOMe, and 25B-NBOMe as Schedule I, illegal drugs under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA). March 7, 2014: DEA Temporary Placement of 10 Synthetic Cathinones Into Schedule I: 4-MEC, 4-MePPP, α-PVP, butylone, pentedrone, pentylone, 4FMC, 3-FMC, naphyrone, and α-PBP . Legislation becomes ineffective as new product is already formulated & distributed Accessibility 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 THC Cathinone data provided by NFLIS 2010-12 2010 2011 2012 Any time of day you can access a website (over 21,000 sites list “legal highs”) that links you to China where you can purchase enough mephydrone for 1 year for only $10 DeepWeb accessible through Tor programs ONLY 2 Cannabinoids- THC & derivatives Marijuana…the real thing! • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • EFFECTS: •over activates the neural communication system • impaired coordination •difficulty with thinking & problem solving •disrupted learning & memory 420 Acapulco gold BC bud Buddha Cheeba Chronic Dope Ganja Green goddess Herb Homegrown Hydro Indo KGB (killer green bud) Kindbud Locoweed Mary Jane Shake Sinsemilla Skunk Wacky tabacky Marijuana can be addictive – it affects the brain’s reward centers in similar ways as all other addictive substances Marijuana contains 50 to 70 percent more carcinogenic hydrocarbons than tobacco smoke- but ironically does NOT cause cancer. Marijuana has scientifically been proven 10-25x more potent than 1960-70s substance [Synthetic Cannabinoids found in Herbal Products] “Spice” and others products under various names may be smoked for their psychoactive effects. Based on product analyses plant material is purposely spiked with these substances and spraying process is NOT consistent. Also referred to as: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • AROMA ATOMIC BOMB BLACK MAMBA BLACK MAGIC BLISS BLUE LOTUS BOMBAY BLUE CHILI X CHRONIC SPICE CLIMAXX CLOUD STORM DIESEL EARTH QUAKE FAKE WEED GALAXY GOLD GENIE GORILLAZ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • HAYZE IZMS K2 K2 ORISHA K2 SKY K2 THAI DREAM K3 LEGAL K4 DIAMOND KANNABLISS J-DUB MOON ROCKS MR. MIYAGI WARPAINT MR. NICE GUY MYSTERY OG POTPOURRI PEAK PHOENIX 2.0 PULSE RED X DAWN RUSH XL •SCOPE •SENCE •SERENTIY NOW •SKUNK •SKY •SMOKE •SOALR FLARE •SCOOBY SNAX •SPACE TRUCKIN •SPAZ •SPICE GOLD SPICE SMOKE BLEND •SPICYLICIOUS •SPIZ •STINGER •SUPER KUSH •SWEET LUCY •TWILIGHT •VOO DOO REMIX •YUCATAN FIRE •ZOHAI •ZOMBIE •ZOMBIE ZILLA 3 Marketing: Sold in 3-5gram packages $30-$50 / pkg Manufactured in Asia and thanks to the World-wide Web in the USA! Distinction between Spice vs. Marijuana Smellslikealfalfa;moss,slightmarijuana smellmixedw/chemicalsorincense Lookslikegroundfiberboardorother materials Most Common Symptoms: • Vomiting – usually vomiting occurs for a prolonged period of time, not just once. • Pale – users are often described as “pasty” in their appearance. • Extreme agitation — pacing, yelling, inability to get comfortable in any position. • Sweating and chills – they will complain they are hot, then cold. • Shaking – sometimes caused by chills, sometimes caused by involuntary muscle movement and cramping. • Speech impairment — many users are incapable of communicating clearly or at all. • Hallucinations — users may not recognize members of their own family, they may believe they are someone else, etc. • Paranoia — users may believe those around them intend them harm. This is a dangerous situation. • Inability to Feel Pain – This may impair attempts to subdue users. • Panic Attack — rapid breathing, pulse, terrified or confused look, screaming or “freaking out.” • Feeling of Impending Doom — they may feel that they or everyone is about to die. • Heart palpitations — rapid heart rate can bring on a heart attack, even in healthy teens. • Body Temperature Fluctuation — this is extremely dangerous. Their temperatures can rise suddenly and dangerously, then drop. • Severe stomach or back pain — this may indicate organ failure. Kidneys can shut down, requiring immediate medical attention. • Suicidal/Homicidal Thoughts — they may speak freely about wanting, needing to kill themselves or others. 2,639 Exposures Calls to poison centers about exposures to synthetic marijuana from Jan. 1, 2013, to Dec. 31, 2013 YEAR #of calls 2010 2906 2011 6968 2012 5202 2013 2639 4 Don’t be deceived…. E-Cigarettes, Hookah Pens, e-Hookahs, Vape pens… • Electronic cigarettes are being used to smoke liquid THC or bhutane oil • And yes- there is second-hand smoke “Bhutane Hash Oil (BHO)” a.k.a. Budda; Honey Oil; Shatter; Ear wax; Dabs/ Dabbing; “the Crack of Marijuana” •Can be butter like, honey colored oil, or wax like •between 82%- 100% THC •One hit of Budder is reportedly equal to 1 - 2 full cannabis joints, w/ longer high •Inhalation is the primary method of consumption and is performed by first heating a piece of metal with a propane torch, or with a Budder-kit, which consists of a butane torch with a small strip of metal attached and designed to be heated when the lighter is lit. A small amount the size of the head of a pin is applied to the heated metal, resulting in a gaseous THC to be released and inhaled. The solvents used in production are combustible and poisonous. Users of the product may accidentally be poisoned by the chemical solvents Side Effects: multiple GrandMal Seizures “Weed Candy” • Ingredients: Sugar, Corn Syrup, Citric Acid, Essential oil Natural Flavors. FD&C Blue 2, Yellow 5 Reds 40&3. “A great treat for parties and fits well in with your lunch. “ 5 And more “weed products”… • Consumption of alcohol w/ caffeine drinks allows for more ingestion of alcohol– increasing chances of alcohol poisoning! Our Sour Diesel Flavor 5 hour Anti Energy Shot is NEW. The same taste as the lollipop in a mellow out anti energy shot. Has the great taste of the Sour Diesel and is great for the wind down at the end of a long day. •Our Original Hydro Chronic flavored Coffee. The same flavor after all these years. Re-sealable bag comes with 1 - 6 oz vacuum packed bag of cannabis coffee. •Chronic Nectar Drink Mix is the Sweet Syrup derived from the Cannabis Plant. Great for mixed drinks, soda pop, shaved ice or any other ideas you may come up with. Squirt some in water for a chronic drink. Cathinones- Khat derivatives “Plant feeder pills not for human consumption.” a.k.a. “plant fertilizer”, “plant food”, “ladybug attractant” • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • AURA BLISS BLOOM BLOW BLUE SILK BOLIVIAN BATH CHARGE+ CHARGE PLUS CLOUD 9 CLOUD NINE COSMIC BLAST ENERGY 1 EUPHORIA HURRICANE CHARLIE IVORY COAST IVORY WAVE LUNAR WAVE • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • NRG OCEAN OCEAN BURST OCEAN SNOW PURE IVORY PURPLE WAVE RAVING DRAGON RED DOVE SCARFACE SEXTACY SNOW LEOPARD STARDUST TRANQUILITY VANILLA SKY WHITE DOVE WHITE GIRL WHITE LIGHTNING ZEUS 2 ZOOM 8 BALL 46 different Compounds utilized to make product 6 Bath salts mimic the same high as methamphetamine or cocaine. Symptoms: include increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, agitation, hallucinations, extreme paranoia and delusions. Usually crushed and then smoked, snorted, ingested or injected. Marketing: Sold in 250-500 mg packages $25-$50/ pkg Naphyrone is also a stimulant that allegedly has similar effects to mephedrone, which is an ecstasy-like designer drug. Naphyrone is sold under the brand name MRG-1 or Energy1 •Symptoms: Naphyrone allegedly works by overstimulating the body's pleasure receptors while flooding the body with adrenaline. Little is known about its toxicology. •can create changes throughout the body that last for days and can cause a person's body-temperature to reach as high as 108 degrees. A fever of 108 degrees Fahrenheit is usually fatal but surviving a 108 fever means there may be lingering after effects of the fever. 994 Exposures Calls to poison centers about exposures to bath salts from Jan. 1, 2013 to Dec. 31, 2013 2010 304 2011 6136 2012 2655 2013 994 7 Opiates and derivatives Heroin, making the resurgence… What does it Look like? It is typically sold as a white or brownish powder or as the black sticky substance known on the streets as "black tar heroin." Short-Term Effects "Rush" - Euphoria Depressed respiration Clouded mental functioning Nausea and vomiting Suppression of pain Waxy complexion Dark circles under eyes Sunken cheeks Greasy hair The “Nod” Constricted pupils Long-Term Effects Addiction Infectious diseases Collapsed veins Bacterial infections Abscesses Infection of heart lining and valves Arthritis and other rheumatologic problems Although purer heroin is becoming more common, most street heroin is "cut" with other drugs or with substances such as sugar, starch, powdered milk, or quinine. Street heroin also can be cut with strychnine or other poisons. Possible mixture w/ acetaminophen and Benadryl aka “Cheese” How is it used and what are the EFFECTS: Heroin is usually injected, sniffed/snorted, or smoked. Typically, a heroin abuser may inject up to four times a day. Intravenous injection provides the greatest intensity and most rapid onset of euphoria (7 to 8 seconds), while intramuscular injection produces a relatively slow onset of euphoria (5 to 8 minutes). When heroin is sniffed or smoked, peak effects are usually felt within 10 to 15 minutes. Over all duration could be This synthetic heroin is one of the deadliest and most destructive drugs to hit the streets in decades, called such because it turns the users skin green and scaly from injection. Rots the flesh from the inside out. Desomorphine Ingredients: from codeine, iodine and red phosphorus, in a process similar to the manufacture of methamphetamine from pseudoephedrine; like methamphetamine, desomorphine made this way is often highly impure and is contaminated with various toxic and corrosive byproducts. The resulting "black paste" is injected as a substitute for heroin. Comparatively: The effects of heroin use can last four to eight hours, the effects of Krokodil don't usually extend past one and one half hours, with the symptoms of withdrawal setting in soon after. Once a person starts to use Krokodil they only have a few years left to live. 8 Hallucinogens are drugs that cause hallucinations - profound distortions in a person's perceptions of reality. Under the influence of hallucinogens, people see images, hear sounds, and feel sensations that seem real but do not exist. Some hallucinogens also produce rapid, intense emotional swings. Dissassociatives initially developed as general anesthetics for surgery, distort perceptions of sight and sound and produce feelings of detachment - dissociation - from the environment and self. But these mindaltering effects are not hallucinations. a marathon party, a chance to dance from morning until night, in animal masks, angel wings, fluorescent tutus and glitter-encrusted bikinis, beaded bracelets and rainbow wigs… •Traditionally, short for molecular as it may be a "pure" form of MDMA/ecstasy •Today, most likely a mix with another substance such as baking powder, plant fertilizer, or any combination of chemical substances that can be harmful or fatal (Rochester: Meth/ Caffeine) •X is taken as a pill, crushed and snorted, or crushed and made into ‘bombs” which are crushed MDMA in a cigarette paper that can be swallowed and become effective quickly Effects: the brain's dopamine and serotonin systems wreak havoc with memory, emotions and the ability to learn. •can cause a dangerous increase in blood pressure and body temperature, dehydration, anxiety, depression, coma and death. •May experience a severe case of depression once the drug has worn off. Coming down can lasts for days. Depression and suicidal thoughts are common. 9 DOM/STP/ Speed • STP drugs are pills which have Meth, coke, or heroin mixed with MDMA. 2,5dimethoxy-4-methyl-amphetamine is the club drug that is nick-named STP. This is a stimulant which causes hallucinations. GHB, Rohypnol, Ketamine GHB used to treat narcolepsy “Rophys” are a sedative-hypnotic drug like Xanax or Valium These drugs are odorless/colorless and are combined with alcohol and other beverages generally used to commit sexual assaults (also known as “date rape,” “drug rape,” “acquaintance rape,” or “drug-assisted” assault) due to their ability to sedate and incapacitate unsuspecting victims, preventing them from resisting may lead to withdrawal effects, including insomnia, anxiety, tremors, and sweating When mixed w/ alcohol (CNS depressants) may result in nausea, breathing difficulties, seizures or coma. Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic which distorts perceptions of sight and sound and produces feelings of detachment from the environment and self. Meth & caffeine • • • • • • Yaba (yar-ba) is a mixture of methamphetamine and caffeine that has found it’s way to the United States from Germany via Asia and England. Originally created to keep soldiers under Hitler awake Usually sold in small, colorful pill form, sometimes red/orange or green with the letters WY or R on it. Can be injected, smoked from foil or swallowed Effects: The drug is claimed to create an intense hallucinogenic effect and can keep users awake for days on end, although some users have reported that the visuals only come as a result of sleep deprivation after binge sessions. Initial onset 1-3hrs when smoked or up to 16 hrs if swallowed. Addictive and/or habit-forming. Regular use of the drug has been linked to lung and kidney disorders, hallucinations and paranoia. A frequent hallucination is 'speed bugs' or crank bugs' where users believe that bugs are crawling under their skin and go loopy trying to get them out. Those coming off the drug are also susceptible to severe depression and suicidal urges. 10 Purple Drank a.k.a. Syrup, Sizzurp, Lean, Texas Tea, Memphis Mud, Purple Sprite, and Drank • • • • • Contains: the dangerous practice of drinking cough syrup mixed with candy and sugary drinks. RECIPE for "Sizzurp”: prescription-strength cough syrup containing codeine and promethazine, mixed with Sprite soda, and pieces of grape Jolly Rancher candy for added flavor and color. Other recipes may call for the addition of alcohols such as vodka or rum, or substitute an over-the-counter cough syrup equivalent. Where is it found: Made popular in hip-hop culture, and known as the Southern Tea; found all over due to rap influence Marketing: Cost for “real” DRANK: $120 for 1/8th, and $240 for a pint" Symptoms: An overdose of the antihistamine promethazine, may lead to potentially fatal respiratory depression. Respiratory depression is amplified by the use of other central-nervoussystem depressants such as alcohol, barbiturates, and narcotics. THREE 6 MAFIA - Sippin' On Some Syrup" The '84 ZONE, on them blades, 20-inch chrome If you got 16, you can get a BIZ-ZIRD I'm choking on that doja sweet and sipping on that sizz-erp 6-APB: Is it a hallucinogen or is it a stimulant? • similar effects to amphetamines or cocaine, causing hallucinations and stimulation- can be addictive. • Takes effect within 45 minutes to an hour • Lasts 2 - 10 hours after initial administration • Feeling a sense of overwhelming euphoria • Surge of energy • Feelings of strong empathy towards others • And, musical euphoria thus popular w/ club scene • Sells approx. $15.35 a pill or powder form 2C-E/ 2C-I, or 25-I/2,5 I, or NBOMes “Europa/ Dragonfly/ Smiles” • • • • • • 2C-B, is a controlled substance, but with a little tweaking- you get- 2C-E, or 2C-I or 25I, a variation of Ecstasy or LSD-but much stronger! 1g= 60doses The result is a 6 to 10-hour, beyond-LSD trip. 10–20 mg range, taken orally, snorted nasally or even taken rectally, highly dose-sensitive onset of effects takes approximately 20-90 minutes and perception may be somewhat altered for up to a day after Currently there is NO known antidote for 2CI intoxication!! It is sometimes characterized by urges to shift the position of one's body, strong nausea at high doses leading often to vomiting, itching, prolonged tensing of unusual combinations of muscle groups which can occur without the user's knowledge over a long period of time, diarrhea, and an accompanying feeling of "disconnection from one's digestive tract". •distortion of sounds and passage of time •Can cause brain hemorrhaging, seizures, hallucinations, confusion, paranoia, fear, panic AND death! 11 Angel Dust, Embalming Fluid, Killer Weed, Rocket Fuel, Supergrass PCP pure form PCP is a white crystalline powder that readily dissolves in water. PCP on the street is tan/brown in color, powdery or gummy in consistency, and is typically transported in small foil wraps. PCP is most commonly sold as a powder or liquid, and applied to a leafy material such as oregano, parsley, mint, or marijuana and then smoked. "green kryptonite," "orange pokemon," and "purple tear drops" contained ketamine, pseudo/ephedrine, caffeine, or methamphetamine in addition Short-term Symptoms: Feel detached, distant and estranged from surroundings. Auditory hallucinations severe mood disorders can occur. acute anxiety, paranoia and hostility, possible psychosis Numbness, slurred speech, and loss of coordination Sense of strength and invulnerability A blank stare, rapid & involuntary eye movements Exaggerated gait A colorless, odorless, tasteless solid. Taken orally, usually on a substrate such as absorbent blotter paper, a sugar cube, or gelatin, or in liquid form as injection. Effects of Long Term Use "Runs" - Chronic users may binge use PCP, taking it repeatedly for 2 or 3 days at a time without eating or sleeping, followed by a period of sleep. These runs may occur as many as four times in a month. Impaired memory "Flashbacks" similar to those experienced by LSD users Persistent speech problems, such as stuttering, inability to articulate, or the inability to speak at all Chronic and severe anxiety and depression, possibly leading to suicide attempts Social withdrawal and isolation Toxic psychosis may appear in chronic users who do not have a prior history of psychiatric disturbances. The symptoms of toxic psychosis are aggressive or hostile behavior, paranoia, delusional thinking and auditory hallucinations. Symptoms/ Side Effects: pupil dilation reduced or increased appetite Wakefulness or sleeplessness numbness weakness nausea hypothermia or hyperthermia elevated blood sugar Increased heart rate jaw clenching perspiration saliva or mucus production Hyperreflexia and tremors Most likely the LSD of today is NOT the LSD of yesterday but rather a variation of the NBOMes…which makes it very dangerous because its dose sensitive and individuals do not know what they have!! Rx Medications & OTC 12 One of the most accessible drugs for youth todayfound in medicine cabinets, Grandparents’ homes, or friends trade and share a.k.a. Alkyl nitrites Robotripping;Tussin; skittles;tripping; dexing… Why? For a variety of reasons… • To party and get high, • to “manage” or “regulate” their lives, • to study for the “all nighter” • the list of reasons go on... • They’re abusing stimulants such as Ritalin and Adderall for additional energy and ability to focus; they’re abusing pain relievers like OxyContin and tranquilizers such as Xanax to cope with academic, social or emotional stress; prescription amphetamines to lose weight, or prescription steroids to bulk up. These products are sniffed, snorted, bagged (fumes inhaled from a plastic bag), or “huffed” (inhalant-soaked rag, sock, or roll of toilet paper in the mouth) to achieve a high. Inhalants are also sniffed directly from the container. Items can include: the propellant in aerosol whipped cream spray paint fabric protector air conditioner fluid (freon) cooking spray Glue correction fluid nail polish remover cleaning fluids hair spray Gasoline • Vaportini is a product developed in 2012 that allows the user to consume alcohol fumes from liquid. This method of consumption by-passes the reactive impulses such as vomiting which can lead to alcohol poisoning. 13 STILL LEGAL HIGHS….. “Salvia is also known by the Aztec Shamans as "Diviners Sage" or Salvia Divinorum. Shaman have used the leaves of this plant for hundreds of years to successfully induce out of body experiences, astral projection, and divination and enhance spiritual development... Today, in the 21st century, this classic spiritual plant is still surging in popularity. Thousands of people have tried the original form of Salvia. People all over the world are beginning to understand they can induce spiritual phenomena at their leisure.” Salvia legislation may prove difficult to police to enforce. The plant has a nondescript appearance; unlike cannabis the leaves are not distinctive and it does not have a distinctive odor. Salvia divinorum looks like and can be grown as an ordinary houseplant without the need of special equipment such as hydroponics or highpower lights. SUPER MUSHROOMS amanitas muscaria (as well as all other Amanita species) is uncontrolled federally in the United States. This means all parts of the plant and its extracts are legal to cultivate, buy, possess, and distribute (sell, trade or give) without a license or prescription. In the US, mushrooms and psilocybin are categorized under schedule 1 along with LSD, cannabis, and heroin. What is "Afghan Hash" Smoking Blend? Afghan Incense is one of the most sought after legal highs available on the market today! This hashish looks and smells just like the stuff you're used to, but is made using 100% legal synthetic cannabinoids that won't show up on a drug test! This incense is made with a hashish recipe from centuries ago, and is infused with hemp oil to give it a very familiar aromatic fragrance. This product does not contain: JWH-018, JWH-073, JWH-200, CP-47,497, and cannabicyclohexanol. Kratom Mitragyna speciosa Leaf | 1 Ounce Kratom is a tree native to Southeast Asia. Herbal-x Kratom is freshly imported from Bali, Indonesia and is of the highest currently known commercial grade. Onset 5-10 Mins 2-5hour duration Used commonly for opiate withdrawal as a “tea” Kratom a.k.a: Thank, Kakuam, Thom, Ketum and Biak. Commonly found with the “dance club” generation for that alert, awake energy for a night of dancing… Retail prices for various gram-sized packages of kratom range from $15 - $50 USD depending on the potency and strain. POSITIVE Effects Simultaneous stimulation & sedation Feelings of empathy Feelings of euphoria Aphrodisiac qualities for some people Vivid waking dreams Useful with physical labor NEUTRAL Relatively short duration Change in ability to focus eyes Analgesia NEGATIVE Effects Very bitter taste Dizziness, nausea and/or vomiting at higher doses Mild depression during and/or after Increase in (perceived?) body temperature. (feel hot and sweaty) Hangover similar to alcohol For that “wide-awake drunk” feeling Allows consumer to ingest higher amounts of alcoholto alcohol poisoning levels. Caffeine inhaler: 3 shot recommended daily dose; equivalent to 1 cup of coffee /100 mg of caffeine per shot 14 Drinking too many energy drinks at one time or drinking one too fast can cause: • Seizures • Nausea • Vomiting • Kidney problems • Nervousness • Altered heart rhythm • Tremors • Mood changes • Insomnia • Withdrawal • Restlessness • Diarrhea • Delirium • Chest pains • Sweating • Increased blood pressure • Headache • Dehydration • Increased heart rate 3,027 Total Exposures Jan. 1, 2013 - Dec. 31, 2013 1,832 Exposures (0-18y.o.) How do you know if you have synthetic drugs? D.U.C.K. ( “if it looks like a duck or quacks like a duck, then it must be a duck”) • Drugs: If it looks like a type of drug, vegetative matter, powder or pill….. it may be • Unusual Container: Is it in a bright attractive package, is it held in small vials, capsules or baggies, does the product not match up to what the packaging says it should be (lady bug attractant?)…you’re getting closer • Kept: where is the parent finding this product, is it hidden in their child’s room, is it passed between students secretly, is it hidden inside another object …….you probably have a synthetic drug 15 Smoke- wear…. 16 HIDES… Pic provided by Milwaukee HIDTA Pic provided by WMIC Pic provided by EPIC More HIDES… Scales look like matchbox or CD case Pic provided by Michigan Sheriffs Pics provided by EPIC And yet more… Alcohol flask 17 And how about this?.... 13.3lbs cocaine stashed in fake Easter eggs, Now that’s a happy bunny Pic provided by ICE Who was the USA’s first busted marijuana dealer? • On October 2, 1937 the day that the Marihuana Tax Act was passed, federal agents arrested Mr. Samuel Caldwell, age 58, in Denver, CO, for selling two marihuana cigarettes. Samuel Caldwell became the first American convicted under the new federal law. He was sentenced to 4 years in Leavenworth Penitentiary, and died a year after being released. For more Information… Rochester Police Dept 23 Wakefield St, Rochester NH 603-330-7128 Detectives Chris Mangum, Jeremiah Murphy & Nicole Rodler Great Resources http://www.erowid.org/psychoactives/ http://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.com/default.html http://www.chroniccandy.com/ http://www.drugs-plaza.com/index.htm http://www.thegooddrugsguide.com/drug-guides/index.htm http://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse http://www.cesar.umd.edu/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page 18 *The UNH Center for Professional Excellence in Child Welfare has been given permission to post the written materials for this workshop as part of the DCYF Annual Conference. Ownership of these materials remains with the author(s) and further distribution requires consent from the author(s).*