1. No category

The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
Corrections or updates should be forwarded to askacg@jhsph.edu
2013
Atzema CL, Lam K, Young C, Kester-Greene N. (2013) Patients with atrial fibrillation and an alternative
primary diagnosis in the emergency department: a description of their characteristics and outcomes. Acad
Emerg Med 20:193-199. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23406079.
Beaulieu E, Perez J, Tousignant P, Provost S, Hebert K, Couture A, Simard B. (2013) L'utilisation des
services de sante par les Montrealais atteings de diabete, annees 2001-2002 a 2009-2010. Montreal,
QC: Montreal Health and Social Services Agency.
http://www.dsp.santemontreal.qc.ca/dossiers_thematiques/services_preventifs/thematique/sante_des_po
pulations_et_services_de_sante/documentation.html.
Chang HY, Bodycombe DP, Huang WF, Weiner JP. (2013 - epub Jan 22) Risk-Adjusted Resource
Allocation: Using Taiwan's National Health Insurance as an Example. Asia Pac J Public Health
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23343643.
de Mestral C, Gomez D, Haas B, Zagorski B, Rotstein OD, Nathens AB. (2013) Cholecystostomy: a
bridge to hospital discharge but not delayed cholecystectomy. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 74:175-179;
discussion 179-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23271093.
de Mestral C, Rotstein OD, Laupacis A, Hoch JS, Zagorski B, Nathens AB. (2013) A population-based
analysis of the clinical course of 10,304 patients with acute cholecystitis, discharged without
cholecystectomy. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 74:26-30; discussion 30-1.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23271073.
Gowrisankaran G, Norberg K, Kymes S, Chernew ME, Stwalley D, Kemper L, Peck W. (2013) A hospital
system's wellness program linked to health plan enrollment cut hospitalizations but not overall costs.
Health Aff 32:477-485. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23459726.
Lo C, Calzavara A, Kurdyak P, Barbera L, Shepherd F, Zimmermann C, Moore MJ, Rodin G. (2013)
Depression and use of health care services in patients with advanced cancer. Can Fam Physician
59:e168-e174. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23486819.
Murphy SM, McGready J, Griswold ME, Sylvia ML. (2013) A method for estimating cost savings for
population health management programs. Health Serv Res 48:582-602.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22924661.
Orueta JF, Mateos Del Pino M, Barrio Beraza I, Nuno Solinis R, Cuadrado Zubizarreta M, Sola Sarabia C.
(2013) Stratification of the population in the Basque Country: results in the first year of implementation.
Aten Primaria 45:54-60. Published in Spanish. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22405098.
Vasilyeva I, Biscontri RG, Enns MW, Metge CJ, Alessi-Severini S. (2013) Adverse events in elderly users
of antipsychotic pharmacotherapy in the province of Manitoba: a retrospective cohort study. J Clin
Psychopharmacol 33:24-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23277238.
Zielinski A, Borgquist L, Halling A. (2013 - epub Jan 10) Distance to hospital and socioeconomic status
influence secondary health care use. Scand J Prim Health Care
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23301541.
1
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
2012
Aguado A, Rodriguez D, Flor F, Sicras A, Ruiz A, Prados-Torres A, ACG-Espana. (2012) Distribution of
primary care expenditure according to sex and age group: a retrospective analysis. Aten Primaria 44:145152. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21641689. Published in Spanish.
Austin PC, Newman A, Kurdyak PA. (2012) Using the Johns Hopkins Aggregated Diagnosis Groups
(ADGs) to predict mortality in a population-based cohort of adults with schizophrenia in Ontario, Canada.
Psychiatry Res 196:32-37. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22364931.
Barry CL, Weiner JP, Lemke K, Busch SH. (2012) Risk adjustment in health insurance exchanges for
individuals with mental illness. Am J Psychiatry 169:704-709.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22581274.
Boudreau DM, Arterburn D, Bogart A, Haneuse S, Theis MK, Westbrook E, Simon G. (2012 - epub Oct 3)
Influence of body mass index on the choice of therapy for depression and follow-up care. Obesity
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23404891.
Brownell M, Chartier M, Santos R, Ekuma O, Au W, Sarkar J, MacWilliam L., Burland E, Koseva I,
Guenette W. (2012) How are Manitoba's children doing? Winnipeg, MB: Manitoba Centre for Health
Policy. http://mchp-appserv.cpe.umanitoba.ca/reference/mb_kids_report_WEB.pdf.
Child and Youth Data Laboratory. (2012) CYDL Project One Summary Report: Experiences of Albertan
Youth 2008/2009. Edmonton, AB, Canada: Centre for Child, Family and Community Research
(http://www.research4children.com/admin/contentx/default.cfm?PageId=8537; site also has videos of
presentations of report data).
Chubak J, Anderson ML, Saunders KW, Hubbard RA, Tuzzio L, Liss DT, Morales LS, Reid RJ. (2012)
Predictors of 1-year change in patient activation in older adults with diabetes mellitus and heart disease. J
Am Geriatr Soc 60:1316-1321. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22788389.
Crouch J, Korenbrot C. (2012) Analysis of Medicaid payments for American Indians and Alaska Natives.
Baltimore, MD: CMS Tribal Affairs Group.
http://www.crihb.org/files/0.Medicaid_Report_SUMMARY_1_9_13.pdf.
Fishman PA, Ding V, Hubbard R, Ludman EJ, Pabiniak C, Stewart C, Morales L, Simon GE. (2012)
Impact of deductibles on initiation and continuation of psychotherapy for treatment of depression. Health
Serv Res 47:1561-1579. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22375796.
Freund T, Wensing M, Geissler S, Peters-Klimm F, Mahler C, Boyd CM, Szecsenyi J. (2012) Primary care
physicians' experiences with case finding for practice-based care management. Am J Manag Care
18:e155-161. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22554041.
Garcia-Olmos L, Salvador CH, Alberquilla A, Lora D, Carmona M, Garcia-Sagredo P, Pascual M, Munoz
A, Monteagudo JL, Garcia-Lopez F. (2012) Comorbidity patterns in patients with chronic diseases in
general practice. PLoS One 7:e32141. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22359665.
Garfield RL, Druss BG. (2012) Health reform, health insurance, and mental health care. Am J Psychiatry
169:675-677. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22760184.
Garland A, Fransoo R, Olafson K, Ramsey C, Yogendran M, Chateau D, McGowan K. (2012) The
epidemiology and outcomes of critical illness in Manitoba. Winnipeg, MB: Manitoba Centre for Health
Policy. http://mchp-appserv.cpe.umanitoba.ca/reference/MCHP_ICU_Report_WEB_(20120403).pdf.
2
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
Green BB, Bogart A, Chubak J, Vernon SW, Morales LS, Meenan RT, Laing SS, Fuller S, Ko C, Wang
CY. (2012) Nonparticipation in a population-based trial to increase colorectal cancer screening. Am J
Prev Med 42:390-397. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22424252.
Grembowski D, Anderson ML, Ralston JD, Martin DP, Reid R. (2012) Does a large-scale organizational
transformation toward patient-centered access change the utilization and costs of care for patients with
diabetes? Med Care Res Rev 69:519-539. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22653416.
Hobson DE, Lix LM, Azimaee M, Leslie WD, Burchill C, Hobson S. (2012) Healthcare utilization in
patients with Parkinson's disease: a population-based analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 18:930-935.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22621819.
Huntley AL, Johnson R, Purdy S, Valderas JM, Salisbury C. (2012) Measures of multimorbidity and
morbidity burden for use in primary care and community settings: a systematic review and guide. Ann
Fam Med 10:134-141. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22412005.
Kamarudin MF, Noh KM, Jaafar S. (2012) Morbidity profiles at three primary care clinics in Perlis,
Malaysia. Med J Malaysia 67:363-368. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23082442.
Kendzerska T. (2012) A risk stratification model for adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea:
development and evaluation. Toronto, ON: Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences.
Lee WC, Chen TJ. (2012) Quantifying morbidity burdens and medical utilization of children with
intellectual disabilities in Taiwan: A nationwide study using the ACG case-mix adjustment system. Res
Dev Disabil 33:1270-1278. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22502854.
Lemke KW, Weiner JP, Clark JM. (2012) Development and validation of a model for predicting inpatient
hospitalization. Med Care 50:131-139. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22002640.
Leslie WD, Brennan SL, Prior HJ, Lix LM, Metge C, Elias B. (2012) The post-fracture care gap among
Canadian First Nations peoples: a retrospective cohort study. Osteoporos Int 23:929-936.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22212736.
Lin C, Hsu S. (2012) Constructing ''Behavioral'' Comparison Groups: A Difference-in-Difference Analysis
of the Effect of Copayment Based on the Patient's Price Elasticity. Eval Health Prof.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23117486.
Lind BK, Gerkovich MM, Cherkin DC, Deyo RA, Sherman KJ, Lafferty WE. (2012 - epub Oct 4) Effect of
Risk Adjustment Method on Comparisons of Health Care Utilization Between Complementary and
Alternative Medicine Users and Nonusers. J Altern Complement Med.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23036140.
Lyles CR, Harris LT, Jordan L, Grothaus L, Wehnes L, Reid RJ, Ralston JD. (2012) Patient race/ethnicity
and shared medical record use among diabetes patients. Med Care 50:434-440.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22354209.
Majumdar SR, Lix LM, Yogendran M, Morin SN, Metge CJ, Leslie WD. (2012) Population-based trends in
osteoporosis management after new initiations of long-term systemic glucocorticoids (1998-2008). J Clin
Endocrinol Metab 97:1236-1242. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22298803.
Moore JM, Hall JP. (2012) The validity of claims-based risk estimation in underinsured populations. Am J
Manag Care 18:e468-e476. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23286677.
Orueta JF, Mateos Del Pino M, Barrio Beraza I, Nuno Solinis R, Cuadrado Zubizarreta M, Sola Sarabia C.
(2012 - epub Mar 8) Stratification of the population in the Basque Country: results in the first year of
implementation. Aten Primaria http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22405098. Published in Spanish.
3
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
Orueta JF, Nuno-Solinis R, Mateos M, Vergara I, Grandes G, Esnaola S. (2012) Monitoring the
prevalence of chronic conditions: which data should we use? BMC Health Serv Res 12:365.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23088761.
Pollack CE, Weissman GE, Lemke KW, Hussey PS, Weiner JP. (2012 - epub Jun 14) Patient sharing
among physicians and costs of care: a network analytic approach to care coordination using claims data.
J Gen Intern Med http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22696255.
Prados-Torres A, Poblador-Plou B, Calderon-Larranaga A, Gimeno-Feliu LA, Gonzalez-Rubio F, PoncelFalco A, Sicras-Mainar A, Alcala-Nalvaiz JT. (2012) Multimorbidity patterns in primary care: interactions
among chronic diseases using factor analysis. PLoS One 7:e32190.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22393389.
Pritchard JM, Giangregorio LM, Ioannidis G, Papaioannou A, Adachi JD, Leslie WD. (2012) Ankle
fractures do not predict osteoporotic fractures in women with or without diabetes. Osteoporos Int 23:957962. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21562874.
Shi L, Lebrun LA, Hung LM, Zhu J, Tsai J. (2012) US primary care delivery after the Health Center
Growth Initiative: comparison of health centers, hospital outpatient departments, and physicians' offices. J
Ambul Care Manage 35:60-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22156956.
Sibley LM, Glazier RH. (2012) Evaluation of the equity of age-sex adjusted primary care capitation
payments in Ontario, Canada. Health Policy 104:186-192.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22078665.
Sicras-Mainar A, Navarro-Artieda R, Ruíz-Torrejon A, Prados-Torres A, en representacion del Grupo
ACG Espana. (2012) Influence of chronic co-morbidity on health costs. Med Clin (Barc) 138:179-180.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21807389. Published in Spanish.
Sicras-Mainar A, Velasco-Velasco S, Navarro-Artieda R, Blanca Tamayo M, Aguado Jodar A, Ruiz
Torrejon A, Prados-Torres A, Violan-Fors C, en representacion del Grupo de Estudio ACG. (2012)
Comparison of three methods for measuring multiple morbidity according to the use of health resources in
primary healthcare. Aten Primaria 44:348-357. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22014855. Published
in Spanish.
Sicras-Mainar A, Velasco-Velasco S, Navarro-Artieda R, Jodar AA, Plana-Ripoll O, Hermosilla-Perez E,
Bolibar-Ribas B, Prados-Torres A, Violan-Fors C. (2012 - epub Mar 27) Obtaining the mean relative
weights of the cost of care in Catalonia (Spain): retrospective application of the Adjusted Clinical Groups
case-mix system in primary health care. J Eval Clin Pract http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22458780.
Sicras-Mainar A, Velasco-Velasco S, Navarro-Artieda R, Prados-Torres A, Bolibar-Ribas B, Violan-Fors
C, for the ACG Study Group. (2012) Adaptive capacity of the Adjusted Clinical Groups Case-Mix System
to the cost of primary healthcare in Catalonia (Spain): a observational study. BMJ Open 2:2012-000941.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22734115.
Simon GE, Ding V, Hubbard R, Fishman P, Ludman E, Morales L, Operskalski B, Savarino J. (2012)
Early dropout from psychotherapy for depression with group- and network-model therapists. Adm Policy
Ment Health 39:440-447. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21710256.
Siu E, Campitelli MA, Kwong JC. (2012) Physical activity and influenza-coded outpatient visits, a
population-based cohort study. PLoS One 7:e39518. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22737242.
Starfield B, Kinder K. (2012) Multimorbidade e sua mensuração [Multimorbidity and its measurement]. In:
Gusso G, Lopes JMC, ed. Tratado do medicina de familia e comunidade. Porto Alegre, Brazil: Grupo A
Editora. Published in Portuguese.
4
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
Sternberg SA, Bentur N, Abrams C, Spalter T, Karpati T, Lemberger J, Heymann AD. (2012) Identifying
frail older people using predictive modeling. Am J Manag Care 18:e392-e397.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23145847.
Sylvia ML, Weiner JP, Nolan MT, Han HR, Brancati F, White K. (2012) Work limitations and their
relationship to morbidity burden among academic health center employees with diabetes. Workplace
Health Saf 60:425-434. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22998691.
Tao P, Lin MH, Peng LN, Lee WC, Lin FY, Lee CH, Chien CW, Shen V, Chen LK. (2012 - epub Feb 2)
Reducing the burden of morbidity and medical utilization of older patients by outpatient geriatric services:
Implications to primary health-care settings. Geriatr Gerontol Int
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22299774.
Thorell K, Skoog J, Zielinski A, Borgquist L, Halling A. (2012) Licit prescription drug use in a Swedish
population according to age, gender and socioeconomic status after adjusting for level of multi-morbidity.
BMC Public Health 12:575. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22846625.
Todd R. (2012) Johns Hopkins risk tool used in south. EHI ehealth Insider :5 March 2012.
http://www.ehi.co.uk/news/EHI/7584/johns-hopkins-risk-tool-used-in-south.
Weiner JP, Trish E, Abrams C, Lemke K. (2012) Adjusting for risk selection in state health insurance
exchanges will be critically important and feasible, but not easy. Health Aff 31:306-315.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22323160.
Wong K, Campitelli MA, Stukel TA, Kwong JC. (2012) Estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness in
community-dwelling elderly patients using the instrumental variable analysis method. Arch Intern Med
172:484-491. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22371873.
Woodhams V, de Lusignan S, Mughal S, Head G, Debar S, Desombre T, Hilton S, Al Sharifi H. (2012)
Triumph of hope over experience: learning from interventions to reduce avoidable hospital admissions
identified through an Academic Health and Social Care Network. BMC Health Serv Res 12:153.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22682525.
2011
Austin PC, Shah BR, Newman A, Anderson GM. (2011 - epub Dec 29) Using the Johns Hopkins'
Aggregated Diagnosis Groups (ADGs) to predict 1-year mortality in population-based cohorts of patients
with diabetes in Ontario, Canada. Diabet Med http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22212006.
Austin PC, van Walraven C, Wodchis WP, Newman A, Anderson GM. (2011) Using the Johns Hopkins
aggregated diagnosis groups (ADGs) to predict mortality in a general adult population cohort in Ontario,
Canada. Med Care 49:932-939. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21478773.
Austin PC, Walraven C. (2011) The mortality risk score and the ADG score: two points-based scoring
systems for the Johns Hopkins aggregated diagnosis groups to predict mortality in a general adult
population cohort in Ontario, Canada. Med Care 49:940-947.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21921849.
Bohman TM, Wallisch L, Christensen K, Stoner D, Pittman A, Reed B, Ostermeyer B. (2011) Working well
- the Texas demonstration to maintain independence and employment: 18-month outcomes. Journal of
Vocational Rehabilitation 34:97-106. http://iospress.metapress.com/content/m60166134k49v864/.
Bolton JM, Targownik LE, Leung S, Sareen J, Leslie WD. (2011) Risk of low bone mineral density
associated with psychotropic medications and mental disorders in postmenopausal women. J Clin
Psychopharmacol 31:56-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21192144.
5
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
Bronskill SE, Camacho X, Gruneir A, Ho MM. (2011) Health system use by frail Ontario seniors: an indepth examination of four vulnerable cohorts. Toronto, ON: Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences.
http://www.ices.on.ca/file/ICES_AgingReport_2011.pdf.
Carmona M, Garcia-Olmos LM, Alberquilla A, Munoz A, Garcia-Sagredo P, Somolinos R, PascualCarrasco M, Salvador CH, Monteagudo JL. (2011) Heart failure in the family practice: a study of the
prevalence and co-morbidity. Fam Pract 28:128-133. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20978242.
Chang HY, Clark JM, Weiner JP. (2011) Morbidity trajectories as predictors of utilization: multi-year
disease patterns in Taiwan's national health insurance program. Med Care 49:918-923.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21577165.
Chase D. (2011) Patients gain information and skills to improve self-management through innovative
tools. Quality Matters December 2010/January 2011
http://www.commonwealthfund.org/Content/Newsletters/Quality-Matters/2010/December-January2010.aspx?view=newsletter_print.
Fagerstrom C, Hellstrom A. (2011) Sleep complaints and their association with comorbidity and healthrelated quality of life in an older population in Sweden. Aging Ment Health 15:204-213.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21140301.
Gonzalez LM, Bluteau JP. (2011) Mesurer la morbidite chez les patients diabetiques a Montreal.
Montreal, QC: Montreal Health and Social Services Agency. Published in French.
Green BB, Anderson ML, Ralston JD, Catz S, Fishman PA, Cook AJ. (2011) Patient ability and
willingness to participate in a web-based intervention to improve hypertension control. J Med Internet Res
13:e1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21371993.
Jette N, Lix LM, Metge CJ, Prior HJ, McChesney J, Leslie WD. (2011) Association of antiepileptic drugs
with nontraumatic fractures: a population-based analysis. Arch Neurol 68:107-112.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21220681.
Kwong JC, Campitelli MA, Rosella LC. (2011) Obesity and respiratory hospitalizations during influenza
seasons in Ontario, Canada: a cohort study. Clin Infect Dis 53:413-421.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21844024.
Lehnert T, Heider D, Leicht H, Heinrich S, Corrieri S, Luppa M, Riedel-Heller S, Konig HH. (2011) Review:
health care utilization and costs of elderly persons with multiple chronic conditions. Med Care Res Rev
68:387-420. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21813576.
Morin S, Lix LM, Azimaee M, Metge C, Caetano P, Leslie WD. (2011) Mortality rates after incident nontraumatic fractures in older men and women. Osteoporos Int 22:2439-2448.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21161507.
Morin S, Lix LM, Azimaee M, Metge C, Majumdar SR, Leslie WD. (2011 - epub Oct 19) Institutionalization
following incident non-traumatic fractures in community-dwelling men and women. Osteoporos Int
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22008882.
Murphy SM, Castro HK, Sylvia M. (2011) Predictive modeling in practice: improving the participant
identification process for care management programs using condition-specific cut points. Popul Health
Manag 14:205-210. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21241172.
Perera PN, Guy MC, Sweaney AM, Boesen KP. (2011) Evaluation of prescriber responses to pharmacist
recommendations communicated by fax in a medication therapy management program (MTMP). J Manag
Care Pharm 17:345-354. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21657804.
6
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
Salisbury C, Johnson L, Purdy S, Valderas JM, Montgomery AA. (2011) Epidemiology and impact of
multimorbidity in primary care: a retrospective cohort study. Br J Gen Pract 61:e12-e21.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21401985.
Shadmi E, Balicer RD, Kinder K, Abrams C, Weiner JP. (2011) Assessing socioeconomic health care
utilization inequity in Israel: impact of alternative approaches to morbidity adjustment. BMC Public Health
11:609. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21801459.
Sicras-Mainar A, Navarro-Artieda R, Ruiz-Torrejon A, Prados-Torres A, en representacion del Grupo de
Estudio ACG Espana. (2011 - epub Nov 8) Morbidity and costs associated to neurological disorders.
Neurologia http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22074914.
Sicras-Mainar A, Navarro-Artieda R, Ruiz-Torrejon A, Prados-Torres A, Grupo de Estudio ACG Espana.
(2011) Estimation of chronic co-morbidity on health costs in elderly patients with neurological disorders.
Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica 28:564-565. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22086643. Published
in Spanish.
Simon GE, Ralston JD, Savarino J, Pabiniak C, Wentzel C, Operskalski BH. (2011) Randomized trial of
depression follow-up care by online messaging. J Gen Intern Med 26:698-704.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21384219.
Starfield B, Kinder K. (2011) Multimorbidity and its measurement. Health Policy 103:3-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21963153.
Vivas D, Guadalajara N, Barrachina I, Trillo JL, Uso R, de-la-Poza E. (2011) Explaining primary
healthcare pharmacy expenditure using classification of medications for chronic conditions. Health Policy
103:9-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21956046.
Zielinski A, Hakansson A, Beckman A, Halling A. (2011) Impact of comorbidity on the individual's choice
of primary health care provider. Scand J Prim Health Care 29:104-109.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21413840.
Zielinski A. (2011) Analysing performance of primary health care using the ACG case-mix system. Malmo,
Sweden: Lund University (doctoral dissertation).
2010
Balicer RD, Shadmi E, Geffen K, Cohen AD, Abrams C, Kinder-Siemens K, Regev-Rosenberg S. (2010)
Towards a more equitable distribution of resources and assessment of quality of care: validation of a
comorbidity based case-mix system. Harefuah 149:665-669.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21568064. Published in Hebrew.
Banerjee R, Ziegenfuss JY, Shah ND. (2010) Impact of discontinuity in health insurance on resource
utilization. BMC Health Serv Res 10:195. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20604965.
Borkan J, Eaton CB, Novillo-Ortiz D, Rivero Corte P, Jadad AR. (2010) Renewing primary care: lessons
learned from the Spanish health care system. Health Aff 29:1432-1441.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20679646.
Bronskill SE, Carter MW, Costa AP, Esensoy AV, Gill SS, Gruneir A, Henry DA, Hirdes JP, Jaakkimainen
RL, Poss JW, Wodchis WP. (2010) Aging in Ontario: an ICES chartbook of health service use by older
adults. Toronto, ON: Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences.
http://www.ices.on.ca/file/AAH%20Chartbook_interactive_final_Feb2010.pdf.
7
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
Calderon-Larranaga A, Abrams C, Poblador-Plou B, Weiner JP, Prados-Torres A. (2010) Applying
diagnosis and pharmacy-based risk models to predict pharmacy use in Aragon, Spain: the impact of a
local calibration. BMC Health Serv Res 10:22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20092654.
Calderon-Larranaga A, Poblador-Plou B, Lopez-Cabanas A, Alcala-Nalvaiz JT, Abad-Diez JM,
Bordonaba-Bosque D, Prados-Torres A. (2010) Does the pharmacy expenditure of patients always
correspond with their morbidity burden? Exploring new approaches in the interpretation of pharmacy
expenditure. BMC Public Health 10:244. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20459840,2458-10-244.
Campitelli MA, Rosella LC, Stukel TA, Kwong JC. (2010) Influenza vaccination and all-cause mortality in
community-dwelling elderly in Ontario, Canada, a cohort study. Vaccine 29:240-246.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21044667.
Chang HY, Lee WC, Weiner JP. (2010) Comparison of alternative risk adjustment measures for predictive
modeling: high risk patient case finding using Taiwan's National Health Insurance claims. BMC Health
Serv Res 10:343. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21172009.
Chang HY, Weiner JP. (2010) An in-depth assessment of a diagnosis-based risk adjustment model based
on national health insurance claims: the application of the Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Group casemix system in Taiwan. BMC Med 8:7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20082689.
Clark JM, Chang HY, Bolen SD, Shore AD, Goodwin SM, Weiner JP. (2010) Development of a claimsbased risk score to identify obese individuals. Popul Health Manag 13:201-207.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20443698.
Currie J, Stabile M, Manivong P, Roos LL. (2010) Child health and young adult outcomes. J Hum
Resources 45:517-548.
D'Andrea V, Catania A, Di Matteo FM, Savino G, Greco R, Di Marco C, De Antoni E. (2010) Case-mix
index and length of hospitalization. G Chir 31:211-214. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20615361.
Published in Italian.
Dowd B, McGrail M, Lohman WH, Sheasby B, O'Connor H, Calasanz M, Gorman R, Parente S. (2010)
The economic impact of a disability prevention program. J Occup Environ Med 52:15-21.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20042885.
Eberly T, Davidoff A, Miller C. (2010) Managing the gap: evaluating the impact of Medicaid managed care
on preventive care receipt by child and adolescent minority populations. J Health Care Poor Underserved
21:92-111. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20173258.
Evans-Lacko SE, Dosreis S, Kastelic EA, Paula CS, Steinwachs DM. (2010) Evaluation of guidelineconcordant care for bipolar disorder among privately insured youth. Prim Care Companion J Clin
Psychiatry 12:PCC.09m00837. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20944774.
Finlayson G, Ekuma O, Yogendran M, Burland E, Forget E. (2010) The additional cost of chronic disease
in Manitoba. Winnipeg, MB: Manitoba Centre for Health Policy.
Fishman PA, Bonomi AE, Anderson ML, Reid RJ, Rivara FP. (2010) Changes in health care costs over
time following the cessation of intimate partner violence. J Gen Intern Med 25:920-925.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20414736.
Fransoo RR, Martens PJ, Need to Know Team, Prior HJ, Burland E, Chateau D, Katz A. (2010) Age
difference explains gender difference in cardiac intervention rates after acute myocardial infarction.
Healthc Policy 6:88-103. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21804840.
8
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
Galbraith AA, Ross-Degnan D, Soumerai SB, Abrams AM, Kleinman K, Rosenthal MB, Wharam JF,
Adams AS, Miroshnik I, Lieu TA. (2010) Use of well-child visits in high-deductible health plans. Am J
Manag Care 16:833-840. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21348554.
Gonzalez LM, Bluteau JP. (2010) Morbidity, service utilization and health spending in Montrealers aged
65 and older in 2005-2006: an application of the Johns Hopkins "Adjusted Clinical Group" system.
Montreal, QC: Montreal Health and Social Services Agency. Published in French; also have English
translation.
Hanley GE, Morgan S, Reid RJ. (2010) Explaining prescription drug use and expenditures using the
Adjusted Clinical Groups case-mix system in the population of British Columbia, Canada. Med Care
48:402-408. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20393369.
Hoch I, Heymann AD, Karpati T, Valinsky L. (2010) Validation and uses of the ACG-DX predictive
modeling and risk adjustment tool in an Israeli HMO. Clin Med Res 8:51-52.
http://www.clinmedres.org/content/8/1/51.3.full.pdf+html.
Kiyu A, Lee PFS, Kinder K, Ong F, Bakar NBA. (2010) Determining the morbidity profile, health-service
utilization and health-provider efficiency in the Rejang River Basin, Sarawak, based on TPC® data and
the Johns Hopkins ACG® System. BMC Health Serv Res 10:A8. http://www.biomedcentral.com/14726963/10/S2/A8.
Klein S, McCarthy D. (2010) CareOregon: transforming the role of a Medicaid health plan from payer to
partner. New York, NY: Commonwealth Fund.
http://www.commonwealthfund.org/Content/Publications/Case-Studies/2010/Jul/CareOregon.aspx.
Kuo RN, Lai MS. (2010) Comparison of Rx-defined morbidity groups and diagnosis-based risk adjusters
for predicting healthcare costs in Taiwan. BMC Health Serv Res 10:126.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20478026.
Lee WC. (2010) ACG use in Veterans Administration in Taiwan: final report. Taipei, Taiwan: Veterans
General Hospital Taipei. Published in Chinese.
Leslie WD, Lix LM, Manitoba Bone Density Program. (2010) Imputation of 10-year osteoporotic fracture
rates from hip fractures: a clinical validation study. J Bone Miner Res 25:388-392.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19653809.
Leslie WD, Ludwig SM, Morin S. (2010) Abdominal fat from spine dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and
risk for subsequent diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95:3272-3276.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20392865.
Lind BK, Lafferty WE, Tyree PT, Diehr PK. (2010) Comparison of health care expenditures among
insured users and nonusers of complementary and alternative medicine in Washington State: a cost
minimization analysis. J Altern Complement Med 16:411-417.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20423210.
Mosendane T, Persadh AS, Jabaar R, Ruff B. (2010) Utilization of clinical tools to understand health-care
differences of the Discovery Health population. BMC Health Serv Res 10:A18.
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/10/S2/A18.
Prosser R, Carleton B, Smith A. (2010) The comorbidity burden of the treated asthma patient population
in British Columbia. Chronic Dis Can 30:46-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20302685.
Raymond C, Metge C, Alessi-Severini S, Dahl M, Schultz J, Guenette W. (2010) Pharmaceutical use in
Manitoba: opportunities to optimize use. Winnipeg, MB: Manitoba Centre for Health Policy.
9
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
Reyes-Rodriguez JF, Gonzalez-Casanova S, Perez-Canovas E, Estupinan-Ramírez M, De Leon-Garcia
JM. (2010) The knowledge of morbidity in primary care as an aid in the planning and management of the
services. Semergen doi:10.1016/j.semerg.2009.12.003. Published in Spanish.
Saito EP, Davis JW, Harrigan RC, Juarez D, Mau MK. (2010) Copayment level and drug
switching:findings for type 2 diabetes. Am J Pharm Benefits 2:412-420.
http://www3.jabsom.hawaii.edu/native/docs/publications/2010/Copayment_level_and_drug_switching_Am
_J_Pharm_12-10.pdf.
Sibley LM, Moineddin R, Agha MM, Glazier RH. (2010) Risk adjustment using administrative data-based
and survey-derived methods for explaining physician utilization. Med Care 48:175-182.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19927013.
Sicras-Mainar A, Pane-Mena O, Martinez-Ruiz T, Fernandez-Roure JL, Prats-Sanchez J, Santafe L,
Navarro-Artieda R, Prados-Torres A, Estelrich-Bennasar J. (2010) Adjusted Clinical Groups use at a
Spanish primary care center: a retrospective, population-based study. Rev Panam Salud Publica 27:4955. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20209232. Published in Spanish.
Smith PM, Glazier RH, Sibley LM. (2010) The predictors of self-rated health and the relationship between
self-rated health and health service needs are similar across socioeconomic groups in Canada. J Clin
Epidemiol 63:412-421. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19926448.
Sun JM, Chuang SL, Lee WC. (2010) Using the Adjusted Clinical Groups System to identify high-risk
hemodialysis patients in Taiwan. J Healthc Manag 11:311-326. Published in Chinese.
Targownik LE, Lix LM, Leung S, Leslie WD. (2010) Proton-pump inhibitor use is not associated with
osteoporosis or accelerated bone mineral density loss. Gastroenterology 138:896-904.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19931262.
Weppner WG, Ralston JD, Koepsell TD, Grothaus LC, Reid RJ, Jordan L, Larson EB. (2010) Use of a
shared medical record with secure messaging by older patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care 33:23142319. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20739686.
2009
Bonomi AE, Anderson ML, Reid RJ, Rivara FP, Carrell D, Thompson RS. (2009) Medical and
psychosocial diagnoses in women with a history of intimate partner violence. Arch Intern Med 169:16921697. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19822826.
Burton LC, Skinner EA, Uscher-Pines L, Lieberman R, Leff B, Clark R, Yu Q, Lemke KW, Weiner JP.
(2009) Health of Medicare Advantage plan enrollees at 1 year after Hurricane Katrina. Am J Manag Care
15:13-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19146360.
Carlin C, Town R. (2009) Adverse selection, welfare and the optimal pricing of employer-sponsored
health plans. St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota and NBER. https://editorialexpress.com/cgibin/conference/download.cgi?db_name=NASM2009&paper_id=199.
Chochinov HM, Martens PJ, Prior HJ, Fransoo R, Burland E, Need To Know Team. (2009) Does a
diagnosis of schizophrenia reduce rates of mammography screening? A Manitoba population-based
study. Schizophr Res 113:95-100. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19427766.
Downey L, Tyree PT, Lafferty WE. (2009) Preventive screening of women who use complementary and
alternative medicine providers. J Womens Health 18:1133-1143.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19630554.
10
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
Evans-Lacko SE, Zeber JE, Gonzalez JM, Olvera RL. (2009) Medical comorbidity among youth
diagnosed with bipolar disorder in the United States. J Clin Psychiatry 70:1461-1466.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19744408.
Forrest CB, Lemke KW, Bodycombe DP, Weiner JP. (2009) Medication, diagnostic, and cost information
as predictors of high-risk patients in need of care management. Am J Manag Care 15:41-48.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19146363.
Fransoo R, Martens P, Need To Know Team, Burland E, Prior H, Burchill C, Chateau D, Walid R. (2009)
Sex differences in health status, health care use and quality of care: a population-based analysis for
Manitoba’s regional health authorities. Winnipeg, MB: Manitoba Centre for Health Policy.
Glazier RH, Agha MM, Moineddin R, Sibley LM. (2009) Universal health insurance and equity in primary
care and specialist office visits: a population-based study. Ann Fam Med 7:396-405.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19752467.
Glazier RH, Klein-Geltink J, Kopp A, Sibley LM. (2009) Capitation and enhanced fee-for-service models
for primary care reform: a population-based evaluation. CMAJ 180:E72-E81.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19468106.
Harris LT, Haneuse SJ, Martin DP, Ralston JD. (2009) Diabetes quality of care and outpatient utilization
associated with electronic patient-provider messaging: a cross-sectional analysis. Diabetes Care
32:1182-1187. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19366959.
Hollander MJ, Kadlec H, Hamdi R, Tessaro A. (2009) Increasing value for money in the Canadian
healthcare system: new findings on the contribution of primary care services. Healthc Q 12:32-44.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20057228.
Kim SO. (2009) Effect of patient cost sharing in South Korea: ACG risk-adjusted differences in health
care utilization and expenditures among National Health Insurance and Medical Aid enrollees, 20042005. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University (doctoral dissertation).
Lind BK, Diehr PK, Grembowski DE, Lafferty WE. (2009) Chiropractic use by urban and rural residents
with insurance coverage. J Rural Health 25:253-258. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19566610.
Martens P, Fransoo R, Need To Know Team, Burland E, Prior H, Burchill C, Chateau D, Romphf L, Bailly
A, Oulette C. (2009) What works? A first look at evaluating Manitoba’s regional health programs and
policies at the population level. Winnipeg, MB: Manitoba Centre for Health Policy.
Martens PJ, Chochinov HM, Prior HJ, Fransoo R, Burland E, Need To Know Team. (2009) Are cervical
cancer screening rates different for women with schizophrenia? A Manitoba population-based study.
Schizophr Res 113:101-106. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19419843.
Prados Torres A, Sicras Mainar A, Estelrich Bennasar J, Calderon Larranaga A, Rabanaque Hernandez
MJ, Lopez Cabanas A. (2009) Identification of pharmacy cost outliers in primary care. Aten Primaria
41:453-459. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19520462. Published in Spanish.
Ralston JD, Rutter CM, Carrell D, Hecht J, Rubanowice D, Simon GE. (2009) Patient use of secure
electronic messaging within a shared medical record: a cross-sectional study. J Gen Intern Med 24:349355. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19137379.
Ray GT, Croen LA, Habel LA. (2009) Mothers of children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder: health conditions and medical care utilization in periods before and after birth of the child. Med
Care 47:105-114. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19106738.
11
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
Ray GT, Mertens JR, Weisner C. (2009) Family members of people with alcohol or drug dependence:
health problems and medical cost compared to family members of people with diabetes and asthma.
Addiction 104:203-214. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19149814.
Rennemark M, Holst G, Fagerstrom C, Halling A. (2009 - epub Jan 8) Factors related to frequent usage of
the primary healthcare services in old age: findings from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care.
Health Soc Care Community http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19207603.
Shermock KM. (2009) Impact of continuity of care and provider factors on medication adherence in
patients with hypertension. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University (doctoral dissertation).
Sicras-Mainar A, Navarro-Artieda R, Blanca-Tamayo M, Velasco-Velasco S, Escribano-Herranz E,
Llopart-Lopez JR, Violan-Fors C, Vilaseca-Llobet JM, Sanchez-Fontcuberta E, Benavent-Areu J, FlorSerra F, Aguado-Jodar A, Rodriguez-Lopez D, Prados-Torres A, Estelrich-Bennasar J. (2009 - epub Jun
25) The relationship between effectiveness and costs measured by a risk-adjusted case-mix system:
multicentre study of Catalonian population data bases. BMC Public Health 9:202.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19555475.
Sicras-Mainar A, Navarro-Artieda R, Grupo de estudio ACG-BSA. (2009) Validating the Adjusted Clinical
Groups [ACG] case-mix system in a Spanish population setting: a multicenter study. Gac Sanit 23:228231. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19268402. Published in Spanish.
Sicras-Mainar A, Navarro-Artieda R. (2009) Cost of arterial hypertension according to levels of morbidity
in primary care setting. Med Clin (Barc) 133:290-295. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19596366.
Published in Spanish.
Starfield B, Chang HY, Lemke KW, Weiner JP. (2009) Ambulatory specialist use by nonhospitalized
patients in US health plans: correlates and consequences. J Ambul Care Manage 32:216-225.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19542811.
Valderas JM, Starfield B, Forrest CB, Sibbald B, Roland M. (2009) Ambulatory care provided by officebased specialists in the United States. Ann Fam Med 7:104-111.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19273864.
Weir S, Jones WC. (2009) Selection of Medicaid beneficiaries for chronic care management programs:
overview and uses of predictive modeling. Shrewsbury, MA: Center for Health Policy and Research.
Zielinski A, Kronogard M, Lenhoff H, Halling A. (2009) Validation of ACG Case-mix for equitable resource
allocation in Swedish primary health care. BMC Public Health 9:347.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19765286.
2008
Aguado A, Guino E, Mukherjee B, Sicras A, Serrat J, Acedo M, Ferro JJ, Moreno V. (2008) Variability in
prescription drug expenditures explained by Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACG) case-mix: a cross-sectional
study of patient electronic records in primary care. BMC Health Serv Res 8:53.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18318912.
Berlowitz DR, Hoenig H, Cowper DC, Duncan PW, Vogel WB. (2008) Impact of comorbidities on stroke
rehabilitation outcomes: does the method matter? Arch Phys Med Rehabil 89:1903-1906.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18929019.
Bolton JM, Metge C, Lix L, Prior H, Sareen J, Leslie WD. (2008) Fracture risk from psychotropic
medications: a population-based analysis. J Clin Psychopharmacol 28:384-391.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18626264.
12
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
Carretta HJ. (2008) Quality of care for Medicaid and privately insured children in a commercial insurance
plan. Richmond, VA: Virginia Commonwealth University (doctoral dissertation).
Conrad D, Fishman P, Grembowski D, Ralston J, Reid R, Martin D, Larson E, Anderson M. (2008)
Access intervention in an integrated, prepaid group practice: effects on primary care physician
productivity. Health Serv Res 43:1888-1905. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18662171.
Cooke AL, Metge C, Lix L, Prior HJ, Leslie WD. (2008) Tamoxifen use and osteoporotic fracture risk: a
population-based analysis. J Clin Oncol 26:5227-5232. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18838712.
Fransoo RR, Roos NP, Martens PJ, Heaman M, Levin B, Chateau D. (2008) How health status affects
progress and performance in school: a population-based study. Can J Public Health 99:344-349.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18767284.
Glazier RH, Moineddin R, Agha MM, Zagorski B, Hall R, Manuel DG, Sibley LM, Kopp A. (2008) The
impact of not having a primary care physician among people with chronic conditions. Toronto, ON:
Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences.
Gonzalez LM, Benigeri M, Bluteau JP, Provencher P. (2008) The use of drugs in Montrealers aged 65
years and older in 2005-2006. Montreal, QC: Montreal Health and Social Services Agency. Published in
French; also have English translation.
Hall JP, Moore JM. (2008) Does high-risk pool coverage meet the needs of people at risk for disability?
Inquiry 45:340-352. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19069014.
Lafferty WE, Tyree PT, Devlin SM, Andersen MR, Diehr PK. (2008) Complementary and alternative
medicine provider use and expenditures by cancer treatment phase. Am J Manag Care 14:326-334.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18471036.
Lee WC, Huang TP. (2008) Explanatory ability of the ACG system regarding the utilization and
expenditure of the national health insurance population in Taiwan--a 5-year analysis. J Chin Med Assoc
71:191-199. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18436502.
Lee WC. (2008) Quantifying morbidities by Adjusted Clinical Group System for a Taiwan population: a
nationwide analysis. BMC Health Serv Res 8:153. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18644140.
Lix LM, Yogendran MS, Leslie WD, Shaw SY, Baumgartner R, Bowman C, Metge C, Gumel A, Hux J,
James RC. (2008) Using multiple data features improved the validity of osteoporosis case ascertainment
from administrative databases. J Clin Epidemiol 61:1250-1260.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18619800.
Morgan PA, Shah ND, Kaufman JS, Albanese MA. (2008) Impact of physician assistant care on office
visit resource use in the United States. Health Serv Res 43:1906-1922.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18665857.
Naessens JM, Khan M, Shah ND, Wagie A, Pautz RA, Campbell CR. (2008) Effect of premium,
copayments, and health status on the choice of health plans. Med Care 46:1033-1040.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18815524.
Omar RZ, O'Sullivan C, Petersen I, Islam A, Majeed A. (2008) A model based on age, sex, and morbidity
to explain variation in UK general practice prescribing: cohort study. BMJ 337:a238.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18625598.
Sicras-Mainar A, Navarro-Artieda R. (2008) Efficiency profile in the neurological referrals effectuate
reference specialists: use case-mix system Adjusted Clinical Groups. An Med Interna 25:213-221.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18769742. Published in Spanish.
13
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
Sicras-Mainar A, Velasco-Velasco S, Gonzalez-Rojas Guix N, Clemente-Igeno C, Rodriguez-Cid JL.
(2008) Influence of morbidity, metabolic control, and use of resources in subjects with cardiovascular risk
in the primary care setting. Aten Primaria 40:447-454. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19054440.
Published in Spanish.
Sicras-Mainar A, Velasco-Velasco S, Llopart-Lopez JR, Guix NG, Clemente-Igeno C, Navarro-Artieda R.
(2008) Relationship among the degree of control of arterial hypertension, comorbidity and costs in
individuals over age 30 during 2006. Rev Esp Salud Publica 82:315-322.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18711645. Published in Spanish.
Sylvia ML, Griswold M, Dunbar L, Boyd CM, Park M, Boult C. (2008) Guided care: cost and utilization
outcomes in a pilot study. Dis Manag 11:29-36. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18279112.
Targownik LE, Lix LM, Metge CJ, Prior HJ, Leung S, Leslie WD. (2008) Use of proton pump inhibitors and
risk of osteoporosis-related fractures. CMAJ 179:319-326.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18695179.
Weir S, Aweh G, Clark RE. (2008) Case selection for a Medicaid chronic care management program.
Health Care Financ Rev 30:61-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19040174.
Winkelman R, Damler R. (2008) Risk adjustment in state Medicaid programs. Health Watch :14-17, 3234. http://www.soa.org/library/newsletters/health-watch-newsletter/2008/january/hsn-2008-iss57.pdf.
Zielinski A, Hakansson A, Jurgutis A, Ovhed I, Halling A. (2008) Differences in referral rates to specialised
health care from four primary health care models in Klaipeda, Lithuania. BMC Fam Pract 9:63.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19032796.
2007
Billi JE, Pai CW, Spahlinger DA. (2007) The effect of distance to primary care physician on health care
utilization and disease burden. Health Care Manage Rev 32:22-29.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17245199.
Bindman AB, Forrest CB, Britt H, Crampton P, Majeed A. (2007) Diagnostic scope of and exposure to
primary care physicians in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States: cross sectional analysis of
results from three national surveys. BMJ 334:1261. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17504790.
Carlsson L, Borjesson U, Nilsson GH. (2007) Patient based patterns of morbidity, a 17 year follow-up on
patient records in primary care in Sweden. BMC Health Serv Res 7:A13.
http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-6963-7-S1-A13.pdf.
Demeter S, Leslie WD, Lix L, MacWilliam L, Finlayson GS, Reed M. (2007) The effect of socioeconomic
status on bone density testing in a public health-care system. Osteoporos Int 18:153-158.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17019518.
Finlayson GS, Forget E, Okechukwu E, Derksen S, Bond R, Martens P, De Coster C. (2007) Allocating
funds for healthcare in Manitoba regional health authorities: a first step - population-based funding.
Winnipeg, MB: Manitoba Centre for Health Policy.
Kinder Siemens K, Gurol-Urganci I, Atun R, Weiner J. (2007) Evaluating case-mix and predictive
modeling measures within the British primary care sector. BMC Health Serv Res 7:A8.
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/7/S1/A8.
Lee WC, et al. (2007) Using the ACG case-mix adjustment system to evaluate veteran’s morbidity
burdens and medical utilizations in Taiwan. J Healthc Manag 8:67-84. Published in Chinese.
14
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
Leslie WD, Lix LM, Prior HJ, Derksen S, Metge C, O'Neil J. (2007) Biphasic fracture risk in diabetes: a
population-based study. Bone 40:1595-1601. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17392047.
Leslie WD, Tsang JF, Caetano PA, Lix LM, Manitoba Bone Density Program. (2007) Effectiveness of
bone density measurement for predicting osteoporotic fractures in clinical practice. J Clin Endocrinol
Metab 92:77-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17032716.
Lind BK, Lafferty WE, Tyree PT, Diehr PK, Grembowski DE. (2007) Use of complementary and
alternative medicine providers by fibromyalgia patients under insurance coverage. Arthritis Rheum 57:7176. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17266066.
Pietz K, Petersen LA. (2007) Comparing self-reported health status and diagnosis-based risk adjustment
to predict 1- and 2 to 5-year mortality. Health Serv Res 42:629-643.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17362210.
Ralston JD, Carrell D, Reid R, Anderson M, Moran M, Hereford J. (2007) Patient web services integrated
with a shared medical record: patient use and satisfaction. J Am Med Inform Assoc 14:798-806.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17712090.
Sicras-Mainar A, Serrat-Tarres J, Navarro-Artieda R, Llausi-Selles R, Ruano-Ruano I, Gonzalez-Ares JA.
(2007) Adjusted Clinical Groups use as a measure of the referrals efficiency from primary care to
specialized in Spain. Eur J Public Health 17:657-663. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17470464.
Winkelman R, Mehmud S. (2007) A comparative analysis of claims-based tools for health risk
assessment. Schaumburg, IL: Society of Actuaries. http://www.soa.org/research/researchprojects/health/hlth-risk-assement.aspx.
2006
Baldwin LM, Klabunde CN, Green P, Barlow W, Wright G. (2006) In search of the perfect comorbidity
measure for use with administrative claims data: does it exist? Med Care 44:745-753.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16862036.
Brownell M, Roos N, Fransoo R, et al. (2006) Is the class half empty? A population-based perspective on
socioeconomic status and educational outcomes. IRPP Choices 12:1-30.
Carlin C. (2006) Optimal pricing of employment-based health plans. Minneapolis, MN: University of
Minnesota (doctoral dissertation).
Carlsson L, Strender LE, Fridh G, Nilsson GH. (2006) Clinical categories of patients and encounter rates
in primary health care - a three-year study in defined populations. BMC Public Health 6:35.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16483353.
Engstrom SG, Carlsson L, Ostgren CJ, Nilsson GH, Borgquist LA. (2006) The importance of comorbidity
in analysing patient costs in Swedish primary care. BMC Public Health 6:36.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16483369.
Halling A, Fridh G, Ovhed I. (2006) Validating the Johns Hopkins ACG Case-Mix System of the elderly in
Swedish primary health care. BMC Public Health 6:171. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16805909.
Johnson ML, El-Serag HB, Tran TT, Hartman C, Richardson P, Abraham NS. (2006) Adapting the RxRisk-V for mortality prediction in outpatient populations. Med Care 44:793-797.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16862043.
15
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
Lafferty WE, Tyree PT, Bellas AS, Watts CA, Lind BK, Sherman KJ, Cherkin DC, Grembowski DE. (2006)
Insurance coverage and subsequent utilization of complementary and alternative medicine providers. Am
J Manag Care 12:397-404. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16834526.
Leslie WD, Derksen S, Prior HJ, Lix LM, Metge C, O'Neil J. (2006) The interaction of ethnicity and chronic
disease as risk factors for osteoporotic fractures: a comparison in Canadian Aboriginals and nonAboriginals. Osteoporos Int 17:1358-1368. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16770522.
Lind BK, Abrams C, Lafferty WE, Diehr PK, Grembowski DE. (2006) The effect of complementary and
alternative medicine claims on risk adjustment. Med Care 44:1078-1084.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17122711.
Mitchell RN. (2006) Editorial: Managing costs with software. Advance for Health Information Executives .
Orueta JF, Urraca J, Berraondo I, Darpon J, Aurrekoetxea JJ. (2006) Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACGs)
explain the utilization of primary care in Spain based on information registered in the medical records: a
cross-sectional study. Health Policy 76:38-48. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15946763.
Prosser B, QUILTS Team. (2006) The utility of ACGs and ADGs in the evaluation of the BC Nurseline.
Presentation in British Columbia.
Robinson JW, Zeger SL, Forrest CB. (2006) A hierarchical multivariate two-part model for profiling
providers' effects on health care changes. J Am Statistical Assoc 101:911-923.
Serrat Tarres J, Sicras Mainar A, Llopart Lopez JR, Navarro Artieda R, Codes Marco J, Gonzalez Ares
JA. (2006) Comparative study at 4 health centres of efficiency, measured on the basis of Ambulatory
Care Groups. Aten Primaria 38:275-282. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17020712. Published in
Spanish.
Shadmi E, Boyd CM, Hsiao CJ, Sylvia M, Schuster AB, Boult C. (2006) Morbidity and older persons'
perceptions of the quality of their primary care. J Am Geriatr Soc 54:330-334.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16460387.
Sicras-Mainar A, Serrat-Tarres J, Navarro-Artieda R, Llopart-Lopez J. (2006) Prospects of Adjusted
Clinical Groups (ACG's) in capitated payment risk adjustment. Rev Esp Salud Publica 80:55-65.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16553260. Published in Spanish.
Sicras-Mainar A, Serrat-Tarres J. (2006) Measurement of relative cost weights as an effect of the
retrospective application of Adjusted Clinical Groups in primary care. Gac Sanit 20:132-141.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16753090. Published in Spanish.
Sicras-Mainar A. (2006) Retrospective application of Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACGs) at a primary care
centre. Aten Primaria 37:439-445. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16756843. Published in Spanish.
Sloan KL, Montez-Rath ME, Spiro A,3rd, Christiansen CL, Loveland S, Shokeen P, Herz L, Eisen S,
Breckenridge JN, Rosen AK. (2006) Development and validation of a psychiatric case-mix system. Med
Care 44:568-580. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16708006.
Sylvia ML, Shadmi E, Hsiao CJ, Boyd CM, Schuster AB, Boult C. (2006) Clinical features of high-risk
older persons identified by predictive modeling. Dis Manag 9:56-62.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16466342.
Wong ST, Kao C, Crouch JA, Korenbrot CC. (2006) Rural American Indian Medicaid health care services
use and health care costs in California. Am J Public Health 96:363-370.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16257948.
16
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
2005
Ash A, McCall N. (2005) Risk assessment of military populations to predict health care cost and
utilization. Final report prepared for Center for Health Care Management Studies. RTI Project No.
08490.006. Washington, DC: RTI International and Boston University School of Medicine.
Barnard DK, Hu W. (2005) The population health approach: health GIS as a bridge from theory to
practice. Int J Health Geogr 4:23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16209717.
Billi JE, Pai CW, Rothman ED, Spahlinger DA. (2005) Disease burden in the managed care population at
an academic medical center: the effect of adding local partners. Acad Med 80:587-593.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15917364.
Broemeling AM, Watson D, Black C. (2005) Chronic conditions and co-morbidity among residents of
British Columbia. Vancouver, BC: Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, University of British
Columbia.
Carlsson L. (2005) Clinical and economic features of categories of patients in defined populations.
Stockholm, Sweden: Karolinska Institute (doctoral dissertation).
Chang RE, Lai CL. (2005) Use of diagnosis-based risk adjustment models to predict individual health
care expenditure under the National Health Insurance system in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 104:883890. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16607444.
Crampton P, Davis P, Lay-Yee R, Raymont A, Forrest CB, Starfield B. (2005) Does community-governed
nonprofit primary care improve access to services? Cross-sectional survey of practice characteristics. Int
J Health Serv 35:465-478. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16119570.
Demeter S, Reed M, Lix L, MacWilliam L, Leslie WD. (2005) Socioeconomic status and the utilization of
diagnostic imaging in an urban setting. CMAJ 173:1173-1177.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16275968.
Gifford GA, Edwards KR, Knutson DJ. (2005) Health-based capitation risk adjustment in Minnesota public
health care programs. Health Care Financ Rev 26:21-41.
http://www.acg.jhsph.edu/Newsletters/Volume10_2/04winterpg21.pdf.
Goldfield N, Burford R, Averill R, Boissonnault B, Kelly W, Kravis T, Smithline N. (2005) Pay for
performance: an excellent idea that simply needs implementation. Qual Manag Health Care 14:31-44.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15739580.
Kuhlthau K, Ferris TG, Davis RB, Perrin JM, Iezzoni LI. (2005) Pharmacy- and diagnosis-based risk
adjustment for children with Medicaid. Med Care 43:1155-1159.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16224310.
Maciejewski ML, Liu CF, Derleth A, McDonell M, Anderson S, Fihn SD. (2005) The performance of
administrative and self-reported measures for risk adjustment of Veterans Affairs expenditures. Health
Serv Res 40:887-904. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15960696.
Naessens JM, Baird MA, Van Houten HK, Vanness DJ, Campbell CR. (2005) Predicting persistently high
primary care use. Ann Fam Med 3:324-330. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16046565.
Parkerson GR,Jr., Hammond WE, Michener JL, Yarnall KS, Johnson JL. (2005) Risk classification of
adult primary care patients by self-reported quality of life. Med Care 43:189-193.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15655433.
17
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
Petersen LA, Pietz K, Woodard LD, Byrne M. (2005) Comparison of the predictive validity of diagnosisbased risk adjusters for clinical outcomes. Med Care 43:61-67.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15626935.
Powers CA, Meyer CM, Roebuck MC, Vaziri B. (2005) Predictive modeling of total healthcare costs using
pharmacy claims data: a comparison of alternative econometric cost modeling techniques. Med Care
43:1065-1072. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16224298.
Quan H, Sundararajan V, Halfon P, Fong A, Burnand B, Luthi JC, Saunders LD, Beck CA, Feasby TE,
Ghali WA. (2005) Coding algorithms for defining comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 administrative
data. Med Care 43:1130-1139. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16224307.
Starfield B, Lemke KW, Herbert R, Pavlovich WD, Anderson G. (2005) Comorbidity and the use of
primary care and specialist care in the elderly. Ann Fam Med 3:215-222.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15928224.
Sullivan CO, Omar RZ, Ambler G, Majeed A. (2005) Case-mix and variation in specialist referrals in
general practice. Br J Gen Pract 55:529-533. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16004738.
Volpel A, O'Brien J, Weiner J. (2005) Strategies for assessing health plan performance on chronic
diseases: selecting performance indicators and applying health-based risk adjustment. Hamilton, NJ:
Center for Health Care Strategies. http://www.chcs.org/usr_doc/99529MD.pdf.
2004
Carlsson L, Strender LE, Fridh G, Nilsson G. (2004) Types of morbidity and categories of patients in a
Swedish county. Applying the Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups System to encounter data in
primary health care. Scand J Prim Health Care 22:174-179.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15370795.
Carlsson L. (2004) Burden of illness in defined populations. Stockholm, Sweden: Karolinska Institute.
Castro LT. (2004) An operational framework for paying physician specialists a risk-adjusted fixed payment
and incorporating the results in a global premium rating model. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA (doctoral
dissertation).
Crampton P, Davis P, Lay-Yee R, Raymont A, Forrest C, Starfield B. (2004) Comparison of private forprofit with private community-governed not-for-profit primary care services in New Zealand. J Health Serv
Res Policy 9 Suppl 2:17-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15511321.
Crosson FJ. (2004) The changing shape of the physician workforce in prepaid group practice. Health Aff
W4:60-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15451975.
Fick DM, Maclean JR, Rodriguez NA, Short L, Heuvel RV, Waller JL, Rogers RL. (2004) A randomized
study to decrease the use of potentially inappropriate medications among community-dwelling older
adults in a southeastern managed care organization. Am J Manag Care 10:761-768.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15623266.
Forrest CB, Kinder K, Lemke KW, Reid RJ. (2004) Adjusted Clinical Groups – an instrument to predict
resource use: a population-based healthcare management tool. Gesundheits- und Sozialpolitik 1-2:8-15.
Published in German.
Forrest CB, Riley AW, Vivier PM, Gordon NP, Starfield B. (2004) Predictors of children's healthcare use:
the value of child versus parental perspectives on healthcare needs. Med Care 42:232-238.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15076822.
18
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
Fye WB. (2004) Cardiology workforce: a shortage, not a surplus. Health Aff W4:64-66.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15451974.
Goodman DC. (2004) Do we need more physicians? Health Aff W4:67-69.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15451973.
Guo JJ, Ludke RL, Heaton PC, Moomaw CJ, Ho M, Cluxton RJ,Jr. (2004) Characteristics and risk factors
associated with high-cost Medicaid recipients. Manag Care Interface 17:20-27.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15535074.
Jackson JE, Doescher MP, Saver BG, Fishman P. (2004) Prescription drug coverage, health, and
medication acquisition among seniors with one or more chronic conditions. Med Care 42:1056-1065.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15586832.
Martens PJ, Burchill C, Fransoo R, De Coster C, McKeen N, Ekuma O, Need to Know Team, Prior H,
Chateau D, Burland E, Robinson R, Jebamani L, Metge C. (2004) Patterns of regional mental illness
disorder diagnoses and service use in Manitoba: a population-based study. Winnepeg, MB: Manitoba
Centre for Health Policy.
Martin KE, Rogal DL, Arnold SB. (2004) Health-based risk assessment: risk-adjusted payments and
beyond. Washington, DC: AcademyHealth. http://www.hcfo.org/pdf/riskadjustment.pdf.
McCall DT, Sauaia A, Hamman RF, Reusch JE, Barton P. (2004) Are low-income elderly patients at risk
for poor diabetes care? Diabetes Care 27:1060-1065. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15111521.
Moynihan R. (2004) Using health research in policy and practice: case studies from nine countries. New
York, NY: Academy Health/Milbank Memorial Fund.
Mullan F. (2004) My dad was not a prepaid group practice patient. Health Aff W4:70-72.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15451972.
National Health Information LLC. (2004) Use predictive modeling to improve profitability under cap.
Capitation Rates and Data 9:61-65.
Parente ST, Kim SS, Finch MD, Schloff LA, Rector TS, Seifeldin R, Haddox JD. (2004) Identifying
controlled substance patterns of utilization requiring evaluation using administrative claims data. Am J
Manag Care 10:783-790. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15623267.
Perkins AJ, Kroenke K, Unutzer J, Katon W, Williams JW,Jr, Hope C, Callahan CM. (2004) Common
comorbidity scales were similar in their ability to predict health care costs and mortality. J Clin Epidemiol
57:1040-1048. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528055.
Pietz K, Ashton CM, McDonell M, Wray NP. (2004) Predicting healthcare costs in a population of
Veterans Affairs beneficiaries using diagnosis-based risk adjustment and self-reported health status. Med
Care 42:1027-1035. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15377936.
Salsberg E, Forte G. (2004) Benefits and pitfalls in applying the experience of prepaid group practices to
the U.S. physician supply. Health Aff W4:73-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15451971.
Schoenbaum SC. (2004) Physicians and prepaid group practices. Health Aff W4:76-78.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15451970.
Sullivan CO, Omar RZ, Forrest CB, Majeed A. (2004) Adjusting for case mix and social class in
examining variation in home visits between practices. Fam Pract 21:355-363.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/%2015249522.
19
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
Thomas JW, Grazier KL, Ward K. (2004) Comparing accuracy of risk-adjustment methodologies used in
economic profiling of physicians. Inquiry 41:218-231. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15449435.
Thomas JW, Grazier KL, Ward K. (2004) Economic profiling of primary care physicians: consistency
among risk-adjusted measures. Health Serv Res 39:985-1003.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15230938.
Wahls TL, Barnett MJ, Rosenthal GE. (2004) Predicting resource utilization in a Veterans Health
Administration primary care population: comparison of methods based on diagnoses and medications.
Med Care 42:123-128. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14734949.
Warner G, Hoenig H, Montez M, Wang F, Rosen A. (2004) Evaluating diagnosis-based risk-adjustment
methods in a population with spinal cord dysfunction. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 85:218-226.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14966705.
Wissow LS, Belote A, Kramer W, Compton-Phillips A, Kritzler R, Weiner JP. (2004) Promoting advance
directives among elderly primary care patients. J Gen Intern Med 19:944-951.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15333059.
2003
AdvanceMed Corp. (2003) Applicability of predictive risk groupers to MHS data model. Deliverable 8:
interim analysis of results. Reston, VA: AdvanceMed Corp.
Center for Health Program Development and Management, University of Maryland, Baltimore County,
and Actuarial Research Corporation. (2003) A guide to implementing a health-based risk-adjusted
payment system for Medicaid managed care programs. Annandale, VA: Center for Health Program
Development and Management, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, and Actuarial Research
Corporation.
Ettner SL, Johnson S. (2003) Do Adjusted Clinical Groups eliminate incentives for HMOs to avoid
substance abusers? Evidence from the Maryland Medicaid HealthChoice program. J Behav Health Serv
Res 30:63-77. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12633004.
Ferris TG, Wasserman RC. (2003) Primary care and specialty care for US children: what is the right mix?
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 157:219-220. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12622667.
Forrest CB, Majeed A, Weiner JP, Carroll K, Bindman AB. (2003) Referral of children to specialists in the
United States and the United kingdom. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 157:279-285.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12622678.
Franks P, Fiscella K, Beckett L, Zwanziger J, Mooney C, Gorthy S. (2003) Effects of patient and physician
practice socioeconomic status on the health care of privately insured managed care patients. Med Care
41:842-852. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12835608.
Lin W, Chang RE, Hsieh CJ, Yaung CL, Chiang TL. (2003) Development of a risk-adjusted capitation
model based on principal inpatient diagnoses in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 102:637-643.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14625609.
Liu CF, Sales AE, Sharp ND, Fishman P, Sloan KL, Todd-Stenberg J, Nichol WP, Rosen AK, Loveland S.
(2003) Case-mix adjusting performance measures in a veteran population: pharmacy- and diagnosisbased approaches. Health Serv Res 38:1319-1337. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14596393.
20
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
Mark TL, Ozminkowski RJ, Kirk A, Ettner SL, Drabek J. (2003) Risk adjustment for people with chronic
conditions in private sector health plans. Med Decis Making 23:397-405.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14570297.
Meenan RT, Goodman MJ, Fishman PA, Hornbrook MC, O'Keeffe-Rosetti MC, Bachman DJ. (2003)
Using risk-adjustment models to identify high-cost risks. Med Care 41:1301-1312.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14583693.
Ray GT, Lieu TA. (2003) Comparing the medical expenses of adults with Medicaid and commercial
insurance in a health maintenance organization. J Health Care Poor Underserved 14:420-435.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12955920.
Reid R, Evans R, Barer M, Sheps S, Kerluke K, McGrail K, Hertzman C, Pagliccia N. (2003) Conspicuous
consumption: characterizing high users of physician services in one Canadian province. J Health Serv
Res Policy 8:215-224. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14596756.
Rosen AK, Loveland SA, Rakovski CC, Christiansen CL, Berlowitz DR. (2003) Do different case-mix
measures affect assessments of provider efficiency? Lessons from the Department of Veterans Affairs. J
Ambul Care Manage 26:229-242. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12856502.
Rosen AK, Reid R, Broemeling AM, Rakovski CC. (2003) Applying a risk-adjustment framework to
primary care: can we improve on existing measures? Ann Fam Med 1:44-51.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15043179.
Sales AE, Liu CF, Sloan KL, Malkin J, Fishman PA, Rosen AK, Loveland S, Paul Nichol W, Suzuki NT,
Perrin E, Sharp ND, Todd-Stenberg J. (2003) Predicting costs of care using a pharmacy-based measure
risk adjustment in a veteran population. Med Care 41:753-760.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12773841.
Shields AE, Comstock C, Finkelstein JA, Weiss KB. (2003) Comparing asthma care provided to Medicaidenrolled children in a primary care case manager plan and a staff model HMO. Ambul Pediatr 3:253-262.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12974661.
Sorbero ME, Dick AW, Zwanziger J, Mukamel D, Weyl N. (2003) The effect of capitation on switching
primary care physicians. Health Serv Res 38:191-209. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12650388.
Starfield B, Lemke KW, Bernhardt T, Foldes SS, Forrest CB, Weiner JP. (2003) Comorbidity: implications
for the importance of primary care in 'case' management. Ann Fam Med 1:8-14.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15043174.
Wallack SS, Tompkins CP. (2003) Realigning incentives in fee-for-service Medicare. Health Aff 22:59-70.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12889751.
Watson J. (2003) The Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACGs) System in Osakidetza. Final Report (1/05/2003 30/04/2003). Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain: Osakidetza Servicio vasco de salud. Published in Spanish.
Weiner JP. (2003) Development and evaluation of the Johns Hopkins University risk adjustment models
for Medicare+Choice plan payment. Final report to Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, US
Department of Health and Human Services. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University.
2002
Adams EK, Bronstein JM, Raskind-Hood C. (2002) Adjusted Clinical Groups: predictive accuracy for
Medicaid enrollees in three states. Health Care Financ Rev 24:43-61.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12545598.
21
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
Bolanos-Carmona V, Ocana-Riola R, Prados-Torres A, Gutierrez-Cuadra P. (2002) Variations in health
services utilization by primary care patients. Health Serv Manage Res 15:116-125.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12028800.
Carlsson L, Borjesson U, Edgren L. (2002) Patient based 'burden-of-illness' in Swedish primary health
care. Applying the Johns Hopkins ACG case-mix system in a retrospective study of electronic patient
records. Int J Health Plann Manage 17:269-282. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12298147.
Chang RE, Lin W, Hsieh CJ, Chiang TL. (2002) Healthcare utilization patterns and risk adjustment under
Taiwan's National Health Insurance system. J Formos Med Assoc 101:52-59.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11911039.
Cumming RB, Knutson D, Cameron BA, Derrick B. (2002) A comparative analysis of claims-based
methods of health risk assessment for commercial populations. Minneapolis, MN: Milliman USA and Park
Nicollet Institute Health Research Center.
Duckett SJ, Agius PA. (2002) Performance of diagnosis-based risk adjustment measures in a population
of sick Australians. Aust N Z J Public Health 26:500-507. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12530791.
Forrest CB, Majeed A, Weiner JP, Carroll K, Bindman AB. (2002) Comparison of specialty referral rates in
the United Kingdom and the United States: retrospective cohort analysis. BMJ 325:370-371.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12183310.
Franks P, Fiscella K. (2002) Effect of patient socioeconomic status on physician profiles for prevention,
disease management, and diagnostic testing costs. Med Care 40:717-724.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12187185.
Klabunde CN, Warren JL, Legler JM. (2002) Assessing comorbidity using claims data: an overview. Med
Care 40:IV-26-IV-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12187165.
Pietz K, O'Malley KJ, Byrne M, Souchek J, Petersen N, Ashton CM. (2002) Physician-level variation in
practice patterns in the VA healthcare system. Health Serv Outcomes Res Methodology 3:95-106.
Reid RJ, Roos NP, MacWilliam L, Frohlich N, Black C. (2002) Assessing population health care need
using a claims-based ACG morbidity measure: a validation analysis in the province of Manitoba. Health
Serv Res 37:1345-1364. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12479500.
Reid RJ, Verhulst L, Forrest CB. (2002) Comparing apples with apples in clinical populations: applications
of the Adjusted Clinical Group system in British Columbia. Healthc Manage Forum 15:11-16.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12078351.
Rosen AK, Rakovski CC, Loveland SA, Anderson JJ, Berlowitz DR. (2002) Profiling resource use: do
different outcomes affect assessments of provider efficiency? Am J Manag Care 8:1105-1115.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12500886.
Shen Y, Ellis RP. (2002) Cost-minimizing risk adjustment. J Health Econ 21:515-530.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12022271.
Shen Y, Ellis RP. (2002) How profitable is risk selection? A comparison of four risk adjustment models.
Health Econ 11:165-174. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11921314.
Shields AE, Finkelstein JA, Comstock C, Weiss KB. (2002) Process of care for Medicaid-enrolled children
with asthma: served by community health centers and other providers. Med Care 40:303-314.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12021686.
Tucker AM, Weiner JP, Abrams C. (2002) Health-based risk adjustment: application to premium
development and profiling. In: Wrightson CW, eds. Financial strategy for managed care organizations:
22
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
rate setting, risk adjustment, and competitive advantage. Ann Arbor, MI: Health Administration Press:165225.
Wolff JL, Starfield B, Anderson G. (2002) Prevalence, expenditures, and complications of multiple chronic
conditions in the elderly. Arch Intern Med 162:2269-2276. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12418941.
2001
Bono CA, Shenkman E. (2001) The actual versus expected health care use among Healthy Kids
enrollees. Gainesville, FL: Institute for Child Health Policy, University of Florida.
Ellis RP. (2001) Formal risk adjustment by private employers. Inquiry 38:299-309.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11761357.
Ettner SL, Frank RG, McGuire TG, Hermann RC. (2001) Risk adjustment alternatives in paying for
behavioral health care under Medicaid. Health Serv Res 36:793-811.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11508640.
Fakhraei SH, Kaelin JJ, Conviser R. (2001) Comorbidity-based payment methodology for Medicaid
enrollees with HIV/AIDS. Health Care Financ Rev 23:53-68.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12500338.
Falik M, Needleman J, Wells BL, Korb J. (2001) Ambulatory care sensitive hospitalizations and
emergency visits: experiences of Medicaid patients using federally qualified health centers. Med Care
39:551-561. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11404640.
Forrest CB, Reid RJ. (2001) Prevalence of health problems and primary care physicians' specialty referral
decisions. J Fam Pract 50:427-432. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11350708.
Forrest CB, Weiner JP, Fowles J, Vogeli C, Frick KD, Lemke KW, Starfield B. (2001) Self-referral in pointof-service health plans. JAMA 285:2223-2231. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11325324.
Halpern R, Hahn B, Olson P, Wiley J, Knutson D, Gifford G. (2001) From theory to application: the
implementation of risk adjustment for Minnesota Medicaid. Minneapolis, MN: Park Nicollet Institute,
Minnesota Department of Health, Minnesota Department of Human Services.
Kuhlthau K, Ferris TG, Beal AC, Gortmaker SL, Perrin JM. (2001) Who cares for Medicaid-enrolled
children with chronic conditions? Pediatrics 108:906-912. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11581443.
Leibson CL, Katusic SK, Barbaresi WJ, Ransom J, O'Brien PC. (2001) Use and costs of medical care for
children and adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. JAMA 285:60-66.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11150110.
Madden CW, Mackay BP, Skillman SM. (2001) Measuring health status for risk adjusting capitation
payments. Hamilton, NJ: Center for Health Care Strategies.
Majeed A, Bindman AB, Weiner JP. (2001) Use of risk adjustment in setting budgets and measuring
performance in primary care I: how it works. BMJ 323:604-607.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11557709.
Majeed A, Bindman AB, Weiner JP. (2001) Use of risk adjustment in setting budgets and measuring
performance in primary care II: advantages, disadvantages, and practicalities. BMJ 323:607-610.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11557710.
23
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
Maryland Health Care Commission by the Project HOPE Center for Health Affairs. (2001) Characteristics
of Maryland residents who obtain health insurance from the small and large group markets. Bethesda,
MD: Project Hope Center for Health Affairs.
Moore HW, Kaelin J, Johnson S, Mussman M, O'Brien J. (2001) Risk adjustment for asthma: variations
by methodology and implications for providers. Working paper: Informed Purchasing Series. Hamilton,
NJ: Center for Health Care Strategies.
Palsbo S, Post R. (2001) Implementing risk assessment and risk adjustment for people with disabilities in
state programs: six case studies. Washington, DC: NRH Center for Health and Disability Research.
Paramore LC, Halpern MT, Lapuerta P, Hurley JS, Frost FJ, Fairchild DG, Bates D. (2001) Impact of
poorly controlled hypertension on healthcare resource utilization and cost. Am J Manag Care 7:389-398.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11310193.
Parkerson GR,Jr., Harrell FE,Jr, Hammond WE, Wang XQ. (2001) Characteristics of adult primary care
patients as predictors of future health services charges. Med Care 39:1170-1181.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11606871.
Reid R, Bogdanovic B, Roos NP, Black C, MacWilliam L, Menec V. (2001) Do some physician groups see
sicker patients than others? Implications for primary care policy in Manitoba. Winnipeg, MB: Manitoba
Centre for Health Policy.
Reid RJ, MacWilliam L, Verhulst L, Roos N, Atkinson M. (2001) Performance of the ACG case-mix
system in two Canadian provinces. Med Care 39:86-99. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11176546.
Rosen AK, Loveland S, Anderson JJ, Rothendler JA, Hankin CS, Rakovski CC, Moskowitz MA, Berlowitz
DR. (2001) Evaluating diagnosis-based case-mix measures: how well do they apply to the VA
population? Med Care 39:692-704. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11458134.
Rosenblatt RA, Baldwin LM, Chan L, Fordyce MA, Hirsch IB, Palmer JP, Wright GE, Hart LG. (2001)
Improving the quality of outpatient care for older patients with diabetes: lessons from a comparison of
rural and urban communities. J Fam Pract 50:676-680. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11509161.
Shenkman EA, Breiner JR. (2001) Characteristics of risk adjustment systems. Working Paper Series 2.
Gainesville, FL: Institute for Child Health Policy, University of Florida.
Verhulst L, Reid RJ, Forrest CB. (2001) Hold it – my patients are sicker! The importance of case mix
adjustment to practitioner profiles in British Columbia. British Columbia Med J 43:328-333.
http://www.bcmj.org/premise/hold-it%E2%80%94my-patients-are-sicker.
Willson DF, Horn SD, Hendley JO, Smout R, Gassaway J. (2001) Effect of practice variation on resource
utilization in infants hospitalized for viral lower respiratory illness. Pediatrics 108:851-855.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11581435.
2000
Adams EK, Bronstein JM, Becker E. (2000) Medi-Cal and managed care: risk, costs, and regional
variation. Sacramento, CA: Public Policy Institute of California.
Allen SM, Croke AL. (2000) The faces of Medicaid: the complexities of caring for people with chronic
illnesses and disabilities. Hamilton, NJ: Center for Health Care Strategies.
http://www.chcs.org/usr_doc/Chartbook.pdf.
24
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
Bolibar Ribas B, Juncosa Font S. (2000) Ambulatory Care Groups as a primary care patient classification
system. Cuadernos de Gestión 6:19-24. Published in Spanish.
Diamond LH. (2000) Provider profiling: doing it right. Healthplan 41:74-79.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11066253.
FitzHenry F, Shultz EK. (2000) Health-risk-assessment tools used to predict costs in defined populations.
J Healthc Inf Manag 14:31-57. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11066647.
Forrest CB, Whelan EM. (2000) Primary care safety-net delivery sites in the United States: A comparison
of community health centers, hospital outpatient departments, and physicians' offices. JAMA 284:20772083. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11042756.
Gold M, Mittler J, Lyons B. (2000) Oil and water? Lessons from Maryland's effort to protect safety net
providers in moving to Medicaid managed care. J Urban Health 77:645-662.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11194307.
Madden CW, Mackay BP, Skillman SM, Ciol M, Diehr PK. (2000) Risk adjusting capitation: applications in
employed and disabled populations. Health Care Manag Sci 3:101-109.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10780278.
No authors listed. (2000) ACG case-mix system aids contract assessment, improves performance. Data
Strateg Benchmarks 4:21-26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11066654.
Orueta JF, Lopez-De-Munain J. (2000) Is it necessary that some patients come to see us so often?
Factors associated with primary care use in pediatrics. Gac Sanit 14:195-202.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10984983. Published in Spanish.
Reporting Framework Subcommittee of the Steering Committee of the Minnesota ACG Users Group.
(2000) Risk adjustment lexicon. Revised by Chad Abrams, Terry Bernhardt, Steven Foldes, Jason Wiley,
May 17, 2000. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota ACG Users Group.
Tsai WD, Lo J. (2000) Capitation payment systems - risk factor estimation. Academia Economic Papers
28:231-261. Published in Chinese.
Weiner JP, Lieberman R, Abrams C. (2000) Updating and calibrating the Johns Hopkins University
ACG/ADG risk adjustment method for application to Medicare risk contracting. Final report to Health Care
Financing Administration. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University.
Woolf SH, Rothemich SF, Johnson RE, Marsland DW. (2000) Selection bias from requiring patients to
give consent to examine data for health services research. Arch Fam Med 9:1111-1118.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11115216.
1999
Anderson GF, Weller WE. (1999) Methods of reducing the financial risk of physicians under capitation.
Arch Fam Med 8:149-155. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10101986.
Blumenthal D, Causino N, Chang YC, Culpepper L, Marder W, Saglam D, Stafford R, Starfield B. (1999)
The duration of ambulatory visits to physicians. J Fam Pract 48:264-271.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10229250.
Bolibar-Ribas B, Juncosa-Font S. (1999) The development of Ambulatory Care Groups in primary care.
Rev Neurol 29:667-669. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10599118. Published in Spanish.
25
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
Diehr P, Yanez D, Ash A, Hornbrook M, Lin DY. (1999) Methods for analyzing health care utilization and
costs. Annu Rev Public Health 20:125-144. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10352853.
Fishman PA, Shay DK. (1999) Development and estimation of a pediatric chronic disease score using
automated pharmacy data. Med Care 37:874-883. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10493466.
Holahan J, Rangarajan S, Schirmer M. (1999) Medicaid managed care payment rates in 1998. Health Aff
18:217-227. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10388218.
Juncosa S, Bonaventura B, Roset M, Tomas R. (1999) Description, behavior, use and methodology used
to measure case mix in our primary health care system: the Ambulatory Care Groups (ACGs). Barcelona,
Spain: Fundacio Salut, Empresa i Economia. Published in Spanish.
Juncosa S, Bonaventura B, Roset M, Tomas R. (1999) Performance of an ambulatory case-mix
measurement in primary care in Spain: Ambulatory Care Groups (ACGs). Eur J Public Health 9:27-35.
http://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/content/9/1/27.full.pdf.
Madden CW, Skillman SM, Mackay BP. (1999) Risk distribution and risk assessment among enrollees in
Washington state's Medicaid SSI population. Hamilton, NJ: Center for Health Care Strategies.
Medical College of Virginia Associated Physicians, Mathematica Policy Research. (1999) Minimal-burden
risk adjusters for the Medicare risk program. Report prepared for the Health Care Financing Review
(HCFA Contract No. 17C-90366/3/01). Washington, DC: Mathematica Policy Research.
Newhouse JP, Beeuwkes Buntin M, Chapman JD. (1999) Risk adjustment and Medicare. New York, NY:
Commonwealth Fund.
http://www.commonwealthfund.org/~/media/Files/Publications/Fund%20Report/1997/Apr/Risk%20Adjust
ment%20and%20Medicare/newhouse_riskadj_revised_232%20pdf.pdf.
Orueta JF, Lopez-De-Munain J, Baez K, Aiarzaguena JM, Aranguren JI, Pedrero E. (1999) Application of
the Ambulatory Care Groups in the primary care of a European national health care system: does it work?
Med Care 37:238-248. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10098568.
Reid R, MacWilliam L, Roos NP, Bogdanovic B, Black C. (1999) Measuring morbidity in populations:
performance of the Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Group (ACG) case-mix adjustment system in
Manitoba. Winnipeg, MB: Manitoba Centre for Health Policy.
Reporting Framework Subcommittee of the Steering Committee of the Minnesota ACG Users Group.
(1999) The Adjusted Clinical Group (ACG) reporting framework. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota ACG Users
Group.
1998
Ash AS, Byrne-Logan S. (1998) How well do models work? Predicting health care costs. In: American
Statistical Association, eds. Proceedings of the Section on Statistics in Epidemiology. Alexandria, VA:
American Statistical Association:42-49.
Blustein J, Hanson K, Shea S. (1998) Preventable hospitalization and socioeconomic status. Health Aff
17:177,189. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9558796.
Buntin MJB, Newhouse JP. (1998) Employer purchasing coalitions and Medicaid: experiences with risk
adjustment. New York, NY: Commonwealth Fund.
http://www.commonwealthfund.org/Content/Publications/Fund-Reports/1998/Jul/Employer-PurchasingCoalitions-and-Medicaid--Experiences-with-Risk-Adjustment.aspx.
26
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
Conrad DA, Maynard C, Cheadle A, Ramsey S, Marcus-Smith M, Kirz H, Madden CA, Martin D, Perrin
EB, Wickizer T, Zierler B, Ross A, Noren J, Liang SY. (1998) Primary care physician compensation
method in medical groups: does it influence the use and cost of health services for enrollees in managed
care organizations? JAMA 279:853-858. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9516000.
Ettner SL, Frank RG, McGuire TG, Newhouse JP, Notman EH. (1998) Risk adjustment of mental health
and substance abuse payments. Inquiry 35:223-239. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9719789.
Foldes S, Czajkowski A. (1998) Managed care holds down costs, doesn't hurt quality. Minneapolis Star
Tribune, January 3:A13.
Gavin NI, Farrelly MC, Klein RW. (1998) The Florida MediPass program. Chapter 4. In: Gavin NI, Farrelly
MC, ed. Evaluation of Medical managed care programs with 1915(b) waivers. Presented to HCFA Office
of R&D. Rockville, MD: Research Triangle Institute:4-1 to 4-55.
Gavin NI, Farrelly MC, Simpson JB. (1998) The New Mexico primary care network. Chapter 5. In: Gavin
NI, Farrelly MC, ed. Evaluation of Medical managed care programs with 1915(b) waivers. Presented to
HCFA Office of R&D. Rockville, MD: Research Triangle Institute:5-1 to 5-65.
Gill JM, Mainous AG,3rd. (1998) The role of provider continuity in preventing hospitalizations. Arch Fam
Med 7:352-357. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9682689.
Health Economics Program, Minnesota Department of Health. (1998) Risk adjustment and rate setting
methods in public programs. A report to legislature. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Department of Health.
Hornbrook MC, Goodman MJ, Fishman PA, Meenan RT, O'Keeffe-Rosetti M, Bachman DJ. (1998)
Building health plan databases to risk adjust outcomes and payments. Int J Qual Health Care 10:531-538.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9928592.
Hornbrook MC, Goodman MJ, Fishman PA, Meenan RT. (1998) Health-based payment and
computerized patient record systems. Eff Clin Pract 1:66-72.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10187225.
Knutson D. (1998) Case study: the Minneapolis Buyers Health Care Action Group. Inquiry 35:171-177.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9719785.
Kuttner R. (1998) The risk-adjustment debate. N Engl J Med 339:1952-1956.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874620.
Madden CW, Stanley M, Skillman SM, Blough DK, Mackay B, Wilson V, et al. (1998) Implementing a
model for risk distribution among competing health plans. Final report. Princeton, NJ: Robert Wood
Johnson Foundation.
Mainous AG,3rd, Gill JM. (1998) The importance of continuity of care in the likelihood of future
hospitalization: is site of care equivalent to a primary clinician? Am J Public Health 88:1539-1541.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9772859.
MDS Associates, Laguna Research Associates. (1998) Differences in case mix between CHC users and
non users: Washington and Missouri, 1992. Final report to the Bureau of Primary Health Care. Wheaton,
MD: MDS Associates.
No authors listed. (1998) Adjust utilization for case mix and make physicians responsible for remaining
variation. Data Strateg Benchmarks 2:25-28. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10345360.
Orueta JF, Lopez de Munain J, Grandes G. (1998) The importance of the data quality in the validation of
the ACG case mix. Ambulatory Care Groups. Aten Primaria 22:128.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9717358. Published in Spanish.
27
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
Weiner JP, Tucker AM, Collins AM, Fakhraei H, Lieberman R, Abrams C, Trapnell GR, Folkemer JG.
(1998) The development of a risk-adjusted capitation payment system: the Maryland Medicaid model. J
Ambul Care Manage 21:29-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10387436.
1997
Center for Health Quality Outcomes and Economic Research. (1997) ACGs: an ambulatory care case-mix
measure. Health Quality section update. Bedford, MA: CHQOER Quarterly, ENRM VA Hospital.
Ettner SL, Notman EH. (1997) How well do Ambulatory Care Groups predict expenditures on mental
health and substance abuse patients? Adm Policy Ment Health 24:339-357.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9217332.
Harry N. (1997) Hopkins health pricing tool a managed care hit. Baltimore Business Journal July 21.
http://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1997/07/21/focus2.html.
Juncosa S, Bolibar B. (1997) A patient classification system for our primary care: the Ambulatory Care
Groups (ACGs). Gac Sanit 11:83-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9378577. Published in
Spanish.
Shenkman E, Pendergast J, Wegener DH, Hartzel T, Naff R, Freedman S, Bucciarelli R. (1997)
Children's health care use in the Healthy Kids Program. Pediatrics 100:947-953.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9374562.
1996
Dobson A, Coleman K, Weiner J, Anderson G, Starfield B, Maxwell S. (1996) The development and
testing of risk adjusters using Medicare inpatient and ambulatory data. Final report for Health Care
Financing Administration contract 93-026/EE. Falls Church, VA: Lewin Group.
Fowler EJ, Anderson GF. (1996) Capitation adjustment for pediatric populations. Pediatrics 98:10-17.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8668377.
Fowles JB, Weiner JP, Knutson D, Fowler E, Tucker AM, Ireland M. (1996) Taking health status into
account when setting capitation rates: a comparison of risk-adjustment methods. JAMA 276:1316-1321.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8861990.
Greene BR, Barlow J, Newman C. (1996) Ambulatory Care Groups and the profiling of primary care
physician resource use: examining the application of case mix adjustments. J Ambul Care Manage 19:8689. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10154372.
Haugen OG. (1996) Performance of risk adjusted capitated systems in allocating a global budget.
Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University (doctoral dissertation).
Johns Hopkins University, Lewin Group. (1996) Developing re-insurance and carve-out risk adjusters for
an under 65 population. Prepared for Health Care Financing Administration. Fairfax, VA: Lewin Group.
Juncosa S, Carrillo E, Bolibar B, Prados A, Gervas J. (1996) Classification systems in case-mix groups in
ambulatory care. Perspectives for our primary health care. Aten Primaria 17:76-82.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8742149. Published in Spanish.
Massachusetts Rate Setting Commission. (1996) Evaluation of casemix adjustment methods for the
Massachusetts Division of Medical Assistance. Final report and recommendation. Boston, MA:
Massachusetts Rate Setting Commission.
28
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
McCracken SB. (1996) Health information services technologies. J Ambul Care Manage 19:90-97.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10154373.
Page L. (1996) Maryland to test new Medicaid managed care pay formula. Am Med News, December 2 .
Parente ST, Weiner JP, Garnick DW, Fowles J, Lawthers AG, Palmer RH. (1996) Profiling resource use
by primary-care practices: managed Medicare implications. Health Care Financ Rev 17:23-42.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10165710.
Powe NR, Weiner JP, Starfield B, Stuart M, Baker A, Steinwachs DM. (1996) Systemwide provider
performance in a Medicaid program. Profiling the care of patients with chronic illnesses. Med Care
34:798-810. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8709661.
Scholle SH, Bernier J, Starfield B, Powe NR, Weiner JP. (1996) Quality assessment: is the focus on
providers or on patients? Int J Qual Health Care 8:231-241.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8885187.
Tucker AM, Weiner JP, Honigfeld S, Parton RA. (1996) Profiling primary care physician resource use:
examining the application of case mix adjustment. J Ambul Care Manage 19:60-80.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10154370.
Weiner JP, Dobson A, Maxwell SL, Coleman K, Starfield B, Anderson GF. (1996) Risk-adjusted Medicare
capitation rates using ambulatory and inpatient diagnoses. Health Care Financ Rev 17:77-99.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10158737.
Weiner JP, Starfield BH, Powe NR, Stuart ME, Steinwachs DM. (1996) Ambulatory care practice variation
within a Medicaid program. Health Serv Res 30:751-770. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8591928.
1995
Briggs LW, Rohrer JE, Ludke RL, Hilsenrath PE, Phillips KT. (1995) Geographic variation in primary care
visits in Iowa. Health Serv Res 30:657-671. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8537225.
Clark DO, Von Korff M, Saunders K, Baluch WM, Simon GE. (1995) A chronic disease score with
empirically derived weights. Med Care 33:783-795. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7637401.
Dunn DL, Rosenblatt A, Taira DA, Latimer E, Bertko J, Stoiber T, Braun P, Busch S. (1995) A
comparative analysis of methods of health risk assessment: final report. Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University School of Public Health.
Hallock J, Kobrinski E, Mansfield C. (1995) Forecasting physician workforce requirements. JAMA
273:111; author reply 113. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7865005.
Lawthers AG, Palmer RH, Banks N, Garnick DW, Fowles J, Weiner JP. (1995) Designing and using
measures of quality based on physician office records. J Ambul Care Manage 18:56-72.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10139347.
Systems Research and Applications Corporation. (1995) Assessment of Ambulatory Care Groups with
comparison to existing ambulatory case-mix classification systems. Arlington, VA: Systems Research and
Applications Corporation.
Tompkins CP, Wallack SS, Chilingerian JA, Bhalotra S, Glavin MPV, Ritter GA, Hodgkin D. (1995)
Models for Medicare payment system reform based on group-specific volume performance standards
(GVPS). Waltham, MA: Brandeis University.
29
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
Weyrauch KF, Boiko P, Feeny D. (1995) HMO family physicians: men and women differ in their work.
HMO Pract 9:155-161. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10170166.
1994
Fowles JB, Weiner JP, Knutson D. (1994) A comparison of alternative approaches to risk measurement.
Final report, grant number 93-G07, Physician Payment Review Commission. Minneapolis, MN: Park
Nicollet Medical Foundation.
Georgoulakis JM, Guillen AC, Bolling DR. (1994) Ambulatory Care Groups: an evaluation for military
health care use. Fort Sam Houston, TX: United States Army Center for Healthcare Education and
Studies, publication #HR 94-004.
Salem-Schatz S, Moore G, Rucker M, Pearson SD. (1994) The case for case-mix adjustment in practice
profiling. When good apples look bad. JAMA 272:871-874. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8078165.
Smith NS, Weiner JP. (1994) Applying population-based case mix adjustment in managed care: the
Johns Hopkins Ambulatory Care Group System. Manag Care Q 2:21-34.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10136807.
Starfield B, Powe NR, Weiner JR, Stuart M, Steinwachs D, Scholle SH, Gerstenberger A. (1994) Costs vs
quality in different types of primary care settings. JAMA 272:1903-1908.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7990241.
Weiner JP, Tucker AM, Baker A, Lieberman R, Honigfeld S. (1994) The ambulatory case-mix
development project. Project final report. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University and Aetna Health
Plans.
1993
Goldfield N. (1993) Ambulatory encounter systems: implications for payment and quality. J Ambul Care
Manage 16:33-49. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10125063.
Lawthers AG, Palmer RH, Edwards JE, Fowles J, Garnick DW, Weiner JP. (1993) Developing and
evaluating performance measures for ambulatory care quality: a preliminary report of the DEMPAQ
project. Jt Comm J Qual Improv 19:552-565. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8118524.
Stuart ME, Steinwachs DM. (1993) Patient-mix differences among ambulatory providers and their effects
on utilization and payments for Maryland Medicaid users. Med Care 31:1119-1137.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8246641.
1992
Weiner JP, Starfield BH, Lieberman RN. (1992) Johns Hopkins Ambulatory Care Groups (ACGs). A casemix system for UR, QA and capitation adjustment. HMO Pract 6:13-19.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10119658.
1991
30
The Johns Hopkins ACG® System Bibliography
as of April 5, 2013
Hutchinson A, Parkin D, Philips P. (1991) Case mix measures for ambulatory care. J Public Health Med
13:189-197. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1958409.
Starfield B, Weiner J, Mumford L, Steinwachs D. (1991) Ambulatory Care Groups: a categorization of
diagnoses for research and management. Health Serv Res 26:53-74.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1901841.
Weiner J. (1991) Ambulatory case-mix methodologies: applications to primary care research. In: Grady M,
eds. Primary care research: theory and methods. Washington, DC: USDHHS. AHCPR Pub 91-0011:7581.
Weiner JP, Lyles A, Steinwachs DM, Hall KC. (1991) Impact of managed care on prescription drug use.
Health Aff 10:140-154. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2045046.
Weiner JP, Starfield BH, Steinwachs DM, Mumford LM. (1991) Development and application of a
population-oriented measure of ambulatory care case-mix. Med Care 29:452-472.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1902278.
1990
Starfield B, Weiner J, Mumford L, Steinwachs D. (1990) ACGs: ambulatory care groupings for case-mix
categorization. Final report for grant #HS05505, National Center for Health Care Research/Health Care
Technology Assessment. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University.
31