Diagnosis of NIS and Current Comprehensive Reform for STI in China ZHU Xinghua Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development Third Asia-Pacific NIS Forum Diagnosis of NIS and Development of STI Strategies in the Open Innovation Framework 8-9 April 2015, Bangkok, Thailand Overview of the NIS of China � Key Agencies of STI � Universities � Business Sector � Public research institutions � Chinese Academy of Science and CAE � China Association for S&T (CAST) � Technology Trading Org and Mkts � National high-tech industrial zones � University science parks and STBIs � Productivity promotion centers Overview of the NIS of China � � Government Agencies � State Council � Ministry of S&T (MOST) and MOE � Natioanl Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) � NDRC, MIIT, MOC, MOA � MOF, State IP Office etc. Regulatory Authorities � National People's Congress (NPC) and its Standing Committees � Legislative Affairs Office (LAO) Evolution of China's STI St rategies since 2006 Strategies � � � 2006年，提高自主创新能力，建设创新型国家 In 2006, Indigenous innovation, innovation-oriented country 2012年，深化科技体制改革，加快建设国家创新体系 In 2012, "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Scientific and Technological System and Speeding up the Building of a National Innovation System" issued. 2013年，创新驱动发展战略 In 2013, the Chinese government put forward innovation-driven development strategy. Medium- and Long-Term Program for S&T Development GERD(100 million yuan) GERD/GDP(%) � 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 3003 3710 4616 5802 7062 8687 1.39 1.40 1.47 1.70 1.76 1.84 In 2013, the GERD accounted for as much as 2.08%of GDP, reached 1.19 trillion yuan. Structure of R&D expenditure The share of scientific research in GERD of China is evidently lower than that in the developed countries. It was only 17.3%, but the average level was over 35% in the developed countries. R&D activities in government research institutes From 2000 to 2009, it was 11.9% for the annual growth rate of R&D expenditure in GRIs. The share of GRIs’ R&D expenditure in the national total R&D expenditure declined from 28.8% in 2000 to 17.2% in 2009. R&D activities of enterprises Enterprises can improve their technology abilities through importing technologies from overseas. From 2000 to 2008, technology import expenditure of industrial enterprises kept increasing, but the ratio of technology import expenditure to R&D expenditure had been continuously decreasing. In order to observe the regional S&T distribution, China can be divided into four regions: Eastern Coastal Region, Northeastern Region, Central Region and Western Region. We selected 8 main indicators to reflect regional S&T distribution characteristics. Eastern Coastal Region play a leading role in S&T development. The 8 indicators are all higher than the national average level. 4. China’s S&T can not satisfy the needs of socio-economic development China accounts for 4.4% of the world’s total GDP, while consuming about 25%-40% of the world’s raw coal, steel, alumina and cement 5. Innovation capacities of enterprises is very weak Among the 28,000 large-medium-sized enterprises, those carrying out R&D activities took 38.4% of the total, and only 25% of them have their own R&D centers, with R&D input accounting for a mere 0.71% of their total sales revenue. 6. The general feature of regional distribution on S&T resources in China is extremly unbalanced, especially the R&D personnel, R&D expenditure, S&T papers, patents and hi-technology industry. Recent Major Steps of ST STII Reform � � � � � � Set up of Leading Group of National reform of the scientific and technological system and establishing the national innovation system , enhance the top-level design of innovation-driven development strategy and draft the thirteenth five-year plan for STI. Guidence of Scientific research projects and funds management reform, map out a new S&T program management model and optimize resource allocation Start revision of the law of transformation of scientific and technological achievements for more creativity and vitality Innitially formation of the national science and technology report system, innovation survey system and science and technology management information system To implement regional development strategy and enhance regional innovation. To open wider and strengthen all-dimensional international cooperation in science and technology innovation. • Guidence of Scientific research projects and funds management reform, map out a new S&T program management model and optimize resource allocation 17 � � � The aim is to restructure the existing S&T program system at national level and transform the role of S&T management played by relevant government bodies. It is estimated that before the reform more than 40 departments were managing over 100 S&T programs and special projects. There were serious problems like dispersed use of research and innovation resources and lack of coordination. The government will hand over managing power to a third-party agency. The reform will set up a joint council to discuss research fields. The reform will free the government to focus on making regulations and macro-plans based on the State development strategy, as well as increase supervision to the professional institutes. In 2017, the new S&T program management system will be thoroughly put in place, � Various S&T programs have been reorganized into five different types � � � � � National Natural Science Foundation of China National Major Science and Technology Projects National Key R&D Program Technology Innovation Guiding Fund Infrastructure and Talent Program. Start revision of the law of transformation of scientific and technological achievements for more creativity and vitality � Clear the disposal rights associated with benefits put to universities and research institutions to eliminate the institutional barriers impeding translation of research findings, promote the translation of research findings into productivity, and make colleges and research institutes better capable of starting business and innovation. � To implement regional development strategy and enhance regional innovation. � � Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei collaborative innovation community To open wider and strengthen alldimensional international cooperation in science and technology innovation. � Silk Belt and Road initiative:a platform where states, organizations and companies can make their policies in the backdrop of regional policies. � � Chinese economy is now shifting from labor- and capital-driven to innovation- and productivitydriven. The shift of economic growth model offers great opportunities to overseas talent for career development in China. We particularly welcome young people worldwide to China for innovation and entrepreneurship activities. In the meantime, we encourage Chinese companies and research institutes to go abroad and work with their international partners for innovative activities. STI Policy Trends　� � � � � More emphasis on equality and generalized preferential treatment Lay more stresses on basic research Attach more importance to people From supports to single STI project to more synthesis approaches, eg. supporting the development of VCs and public technological platforms Pay attention to social challenges and sustained development (inclusive innovation) Thank you！ ZHU Xinghua Associate Professor of CASTED MoST CASTED，MoST zhuxinghua@most.cn zhuxh@casted.org.cn