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THE PRACTICE
OF
INTERNATIONAL
LITIGATION
Second Edition
Lawrence W. Newman
and
Michael Burrows
JURIS
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COPYRIGHT 2013
by JurisNet, LLC
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form
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Printed in the United States of America.
ISBN 978-1-929446-34-6
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www.arbitrationlaw.com
Table of Contents
Preface
Foreword
Introduction to the Second Edition
ix
xi
xiii
Part I—Jurisdiction
Chapter 1.
Chapter 2.
Chapter 3.
Chapter 4.
Chapter 5.
Chapter 6.
Chapter 7.
Chapter 8.
Chapter 9.
Chapter 10.
Chapter 11.
Chapter 12.
Chapter 13.
Chapter 14.
Chapter 15.
Chapter 16.
Chapter 17.
Chapter 18.
Chapter 19.
Chapter 20.
Chapter 21.
The Verlinden Case — Access to Federal Courts
State Responsibility in Transnational Actions
Expropriation of Investments Abroad
Proposed Amendments to Foreign Sovereign
Immunities Act of 1976
Enforcing Sovereign Debt: Is Comity New
Back Door?
Enforcing International Obligations:
Frolova v. U.S.S.R.
Legal Remedies Available to Hijack Victims
of TWA Flight 847
Mailed Service Outside the U.S. in Federal Cases
Jurisdiction under the Foreign Sovereign
Immunities Act
International Insolvency and Section 304
of the Bankruptcy Code
Private Claims under the Foreign Corrupt
Practices Act
Extraterritorial Jurisdiction of Federal Statutes
“Tag” Jurisdiction
Bank Account as Basis for Personal Jurisdiction
over Foreign Defendant
Antisuit Injunctions and the Race to Judgment
Comity as Basis for Dismissal
Extraterritorial Securities Jurisdiction: Searching
for the Right Ingredients
Alter Ego Jurisdiction over Foreign Corporations
Defenses to Payment of Foreign Debt
The Alien Tort Claims Act
Dismissal under the Doctrine of Forum
Non Conveniens
iii
I-1
I-11
I-21
I-31
I-43
I-51
I-59
I-69
I-83
I-89
I-97
I-105
I-115
I-123
I-133
I-141
I-149
I-157
I-165
I-173
I-183
(Rel. 13-2013)
iv
The Practice of International Litigation
Chapter 22. Federal Question Jurisdiction in International
Disputes
Chapter 23. Does the ADEA Cover Foreign Employers
Operating in the United States?
Chapter 24. The Extraterritorial Application of RICO
in the Second Circuit
Chapter 25. Latin American and Forum non Conveniens
Dismissals
Chapter 26. Disputes with Foreign States
Chapter 27. Forum Non Conveniens—Conditional Dismissals
Chapter 28. Jurisdiction to Enforce Arbitral Awards
Chapter 29. The Alien Tort Claims Act: How Far Will It Go?
Chapter 30. Jurisdiction through the Internet
Chapter 31. U S Supreme Court Narrows the Coverage of the
Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act
Chapter 32. Supreme Court’s Alien Tort Statute Compromise
Chapter 33. The Race to the Courthouse: Article 27
of the Brussels Regulation
Chapter 34. Jurisdiction to Challenge International Arbitral
Awards
Chapter 35. The Clash between the New York Convention
and the U.S. Constitution
I-193
I-199
I-205
I-213
I-221
I-227
I-233
I-239
I-247
I-253
I-259
I-265
I-271
I-277
Part II —Attachments
Chapter 1.
Chapter 2.
Chapter 3.
Chapter 4.
Chapter 5.
Chapter 6.
Chapter 7.
Chapter 8.
Chapter 9.
Chapter 10.
Chapter 11.
Chapter 12.
Prejudgment Attachments: Sovereign Immunity
Attachments Abroad I
Attachments Abroad II
Attachments in Aid of Arbitration
Prejudgment Attachments: Treaty Waivers
of Immunity
Central Bank Property: Protection from Attachment
Attaching Proceeds of Letters of Credit
Enforcement of Foreign Provisional Remedies
Provisional Remedies in Aid of International
Arbitration
Prejudgment Attachments in Aid of Foreign
Proceedings
Lessons from English “Mareva” Injunctions
Is There Finally a Backlash against Rule B
Attachments?
II-1
II-13
II-21
II-27
II-39
II-47
II-55
II-67
II-77
II-87
II-97
II-105
(Rel. 13-2013)
Table of Contents
v
Part III—Service and Discovery
Chapter 1.
Chapter 2.
Chapter 3.
Chapter 4.
Chapter 5.
Chapter 6.
Chapter 7.
Chapter 8.
Chapter 9.
Chapter 10.
Chapter 11.
Chapter 12.
Chapter 13.
Chapter 14.
Chapter 15.
Chapter 16.
Chapter 17.
Chapter 18.
Chapter 19.
Chapter 20.
Chapter 21.
Chapter 22.
Obtaining Evidence Abroad
Discovery Abroad: The Hague Convention
The Hague Convention on Taking Evidence Abroad
Depositions and Other Discovery in Arbitration
Production of Evidence for Use in Foreign Tribunals
Service of Process in Switzerland
Extraterritorial Reach of Rule 45 Subpoena
Obtaining Evidence in the United States for
Foreign Tribunals
Subpoenas Under the Federal Arbitration Act
Obtaining Evidence from U.S. Nationals Abroad
Changes to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
Affecting International Litigation
U.S. Discovery for Foreign Litigants
Automatic Disclosure of Documents:
The English Experience
Injunctions against Transfer of Assets
Service through the Internet
A Tale of Two Cities: Compulsory Testimony Abroad
Service of Process in Latin America: Potential Pitfalls
Discovery in Aid of International Arbitration
International Arbitration: Witness Statements –
Good or Bad?
Use of Section 1782 in Aid of International Arbitration
Manifest Disregard: Challenging Arbitral Awards
and Discovery in Arbitration
N.Y. State versus Federal Arbitration Procedure
III-1
III-15
III-27
III-39
III-49
III-59
III-67
III-75
III-83
III-91
III-99
III-111
III-117
III-125
III-131
III-139
III-145
III-151
III-157
III-163
III-167
III-173
Part IV—Judgments
Chapter 1. Enforcement of Foreign Judgments: Iran
Chapter 2. Enforcement of Money Judgments Abroad
Chapter 3. Jurisdiction to Enforce Foreign-Country Money
Judgments
Chapter 4. Enforcing Judgments and Awards against Foreign States
Chapter 5. Foreign Currency Judgments
Chapter 6. “Loser Pays”: Attorneys’ Fees in England and Germany
Chapter 7. Recognition of Foreign Judicial Systems in U.S. Courts
IV-1
IV-9
IV-19
IV-27
IV-35
IV-43
IV-51
(Rel. 13-2013)
vi
The Practice of International Litigation
Chapter 8. Due Process Consideration in the Recognition
of Foreign Judgments
Chapter 9. The Proposed Hague Convention on Judgments
Chapter 10. Jurisdiction to Enforce Foreign Judgments
Chapter 11. Passing Judgment on Other Countries’ Courts
Chapter 12. International Judgment Enforcement—
Thinking Outside the Box
Chapter 13. Orders in Support of Foreign Proceedings
Chapter 14. Enforcing Multiple-Damage Judgments in Europe
Chapter 15. A Challenge by any Other Name: The Gulf Petro Case
Chapter 16. A Blow against Libel Tourism
IV-61
IV-71
IV-79
IV-87
IV-95
IV-101
IV-109
IV-115
IV-121
Part V—International Arbitration
Chapter 1. Judicial Intervention in Arbitrability of International
Claims
Chapter 2. Will RICO Move Abroad through International
Arbitration?
Chapter 3. Consequences of International Arbitration
of Antitrust and RICO Cases
Chapter 4. International Arbitration Provisional Remedies
Chapter 5. Arbitrating with Foreign States
Chapter 6. Remedies in Aid of International Arbitration
Chapter 7. Training for International Arbitrators
Chapter 8. Enforcement of Arbitration Provisions in Bankruptcy
Chapter 9. Arbitration in Transnational Pricing Disputes
Chapter 10. Punitive Damages Awards in International Arbitration
Chapter 11. Consolidation of Arbitrations
Chapter 12. Arbitration and Disputes Involving Multiple Parties
Chapter 13. “Fast-Track” Arbitration
Chapter 14. The Preclusive Effect of Arbitral Awards:
Who Decides?
Chapter 15. ‘Non-domestic’ Arbitral Awards and the
New York Convention
Chapter 16. Alternatives for the Resolution of Letter
of Credit Disputes
Chapter 17. International Litigation and Arbitration
Arbitration of Antitrust Disputes
Chapter 18. Cross-Examination in International Arbitration
Chapter 19. International Arbitration—Unfinished Business
V-1
V-9
V-19
V-31
V-41
V-51
V-59
V-67
V-77
V-83
V-93
V-103
V-115
V-123
V-131
V-143
V-153
V-161
V-167
(Rel. 13-2013)
Table of Contents
Chapter 20. Ethics in International Arbitration
Chapter 21. Forum Non Conveniens and Enforcement of
Foreign Arbitral Awards
Chapter 22. Cultural Predictability in International Arbitration
Chapter 23. The Standard for Challenging Arbitration Awards
Chapter 24. Dispute Resolution Opportunities for
Foreign Investors
Chapter 25. Arbitration Against Foreign States: Enforcement
of Awards
Chapter 26. Forum Non Conveniens: Determining the
Adequacy of an Alternative Forum
Chapter 27. International Arbitration—Unfettered Freedom
to Participate?
Chapter 28. Enforcement of Arbitration Clauses:
A Tale of Two Cases
Chapter 29. The “Manifest Disregard” Standard and
Vacating Arbitration Awards
Chapter 30. International Arbitration—Past, Present and Future
Chapter 31. Twenty-Five Years of International Litigation
Chapter 32. Cross-Examination in International Arbitration
Chapter 33. Disclosures of Conflicts by Arbitrators
Chapter 34. Corruption in International Dispute Resolution
Chapter 35. Predictability in International Arbitration
Chapter 36. Chairperson’s Role in International Arbitration
Is Often Misunderstood
Chapter 37. In-House Counsel Privilege around the World
Chapter 38. Damages in International Arbitration
Chapter 39. Prefatory N.Y. Remedies to Aid International
Arbitration
Chapter 40. The Party-Appointed Arbitrator Dialectic
Chapter 41. Arbitrator Efficiency in International Arbitration
Chapter 42. Assessing Costs in International Arbitration
Chapter 43. The Difference between Commercial and Investment
Arbitration
Chapter 44. Bribery in Investor-State Arbitration: All or
Nothing for Investors?
Chapter 45. “Manifest Disregard” and International Arbitration
Awards
Chapter 46. Soft Law Guides Parties on Procedures in
International Arbitration
vii
V-177
V-185
V-193
V-199
V-205
V-211
V-217
V-223
V-229
V-235
V-241
V-247
V-253
V-259
V-265
V-271
V-277
V-283
V-289
V-295
V-301
V-307
V-313
V-319
V-321
V-327
V-333
(Rel. 13-2013)
viii
The Practice of International Litigation
Chapter 47. The Fourth Arbitrator: Contrasting Guidelines on
Use of Law Secretaries
Chapter 48. Who Decides Arbitrability?
V-339
V-345
Part VI—International Contracts
Chapter 1.
Chapter 2.
Chapter 3.
Chapter 4.
Chapter 5.
Chapter 6.
Chapter 7.
Chapter 8.
U.N. Sales Convention: Traps for Unwary?
Excessive Hardship in Long-Term Contracts
Termination of Distributors in Middle East Countries
Enforceability of Forum-Selection Clauses under
New York General Obligations Law
Changed Circumstances under the U.N. Sales
Convention
General Principles of International Commercial Law
Letter of Credit Disputes
The New OECD Convention on Combating
Bribery and its Impact on International Litigation
VI-1
VI-9
VI-17
VI-27
VI-39
VI-49
VI-57
VI-67
Part VII—Foreign Tribunals
Chapter 1. General Principles of Law in the Iran-U.S.
Claims Tribunal
Chapter 2. International Disputes: Courts or Arbitration?
Chapter 3. Enforceability of Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal Awards
Chapter 4. The Pursuit of Claims against Iraq
Chapter 5. Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal: A Review
Chapter 6. Enforceability of The Hague Tribunal Awards
Chapter 7. U.S. Evidence for Foreign Tribunals
Chapter 8. Gulf War Claims against Iraq
Chapter 9. Simultaneous Litigation in the United States
and Abroad
Chapter 10. Changes in Civil Litigation in England
Chapter 11. International Arbitration in Brazil
Chapter 12. Criminal Proceedings in Civil Disputes Abroad
VII-1
VII-11
VII-17
VII-29
VII-37
VII-45
VII-53
VII-63
VII-73
VII-81
VII-87
VII-93
Table of Cases
TC-1
Table of Authorities
TA-1
Index
Index-1
(Rel. 13-2013)