CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON THE WATER MANAGEMENT SECTOR IN SLOVAKIA Assoc.prof. Dr. Ing. Jozef Mindas, PhD. University of Central Europe, Skalica, Slovakia, jozefmindassk@gmail.com Dr . O¯ga MajerÓ¡kov¡, PhD. Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia Climate Change ᾶ Challenges n n n Increase of weather extremes in Slovakia since 1990 Increase of local floods – heavy rain events National adaptation strategy in Slovakia (2013) – includes the water management sector Climate Change – driving forces to water cycle Higher temperatures Higher winter precipitation Lower summer precipitation Atmosphere More frequent drought periods Heavy precipitation Changes in snow cover Higher PET ... Evapotranspiration Biosphere Land use change – agri, forests Soil water Pedosphere Hypodermic runoff Ground Litosphere water Runoff changes Extreme events Hydrosphere Local floods ... Water management ᾶ impacts of CC Water budget in Slovakia 1931-80 1991-2001 1931 –753 1980mm (Precipitation) = 753 (zrážky) = 492 (výpar) + 261 (odtok) 492 mm (ET) + 261 mm (runoff) 1991 - 779 2001mm (Precipitation) = 779 (zrážky) = 538 (výpar) + 241 (odtok) 538 mm (ET) + 241 mm (runoff) Water management ᾶ impacts of CC Priemerný ročný prietok Hron Annual runoff of river Hron,rieky Slovakia Profile Banska Bystrica part of SK) profil Banská(central Bystrica m3.s-1 50 45 - 24 % 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 Water management of CC – impacts Climate Change Impacts analysis – main coclusions for the water management sector: n n n n Increase of runoff in winter half-year Lower accumulation of winter precipitation in snow cover Increase of Potential and Actual ET in summer halfyear Deacrease of soil moisture and hypodermic runoff in summer half-year Water management of CC – impacts Climate Change Impacts analysis – main coclusions for the water management sector: n n n n Increase of surface runoff during the heavy rain events (higher erosion, higher sedimentation in water dams) More frequent occurrence of local floods and increase of their volume Increase and prolongation of drought periods Decrease of disponible water sources Vulnerability and sensitivity of water sources due to CC in Slovakia Low (38%) Moderate (34%) High (28%) Adaptation measures - water management Strategic poin of view – three key areas: n n n Drinking water supply Protection against hydrological extremes: drought and floods Water for agriculture and industry Adaptation measures ᾶ drinking water Groundwater sources – play a dominat role in Slovakia (about 80%) „Žitný ostrov“ – 35 % of disponible groundwater supply in SK Total capacity is about 22 m3s-1 This source can cover demands for the whole territorry of Slovakia Adaptation measures ᾶ drinking water Horizon 2025 – time to transport of drinking water to southern parts of Central and Eastern Slovakia Distance of transport – up to 250 km Financial budget – about 150 mil. EUR (for 20 years) Alternative solution - construction of new dams with total volume around 150-180 mil. m3 Costs - about 150 mil. EUR Adaptation measures ᾶ hydrological extremes Hydrological extremes – a great challenge for the water management sector Last 25 years – strong financial deficit in water management investments There are several types of measures Technical – dams, polders, embankments, ... Increase of landscape water storage capacity (land use change) – limits ... No clear strategy for the flood protection - different positions (Ministry of Environment, Water management enterprises, ecologists, hydrologists, foresters, agriculture, stakeholders, NGOs, ... Adaptation measures ᾶ hydrological extremes Many regions in Slovakia – water storage capacity of the dams is less than 10 % of the annual runoff Open disscussion – New dams – yes or not ? Open question – Redistribution (temporal/spatial) water (runoff) from North to South of Slovakia Adaptation measures extremes catchments – hydrological Small Water in landscape - ecological limits Forest management practises Biotechnical measures Spatial planning Adaptation measures ᾶ water for agri sector Irrigation area in agriculture sector 2050 – increase about 80 % 2075 – increse about 100 % About 200 small water reservoirs with volume of 50 mil. m3 with total volume of 1.4 bill. M3 Increase to volume about 2,0 - 2,2 bill. m3 Thank you for your attention