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Editorial
2 Achieving Longevity Escape Velocity
Health Matters
3 Ask Ward Dean
• Dealing with Irregular Heartbeat
New Studies
• Potassium Good for Bone Health
• Mastic Improves Crohn’s Disease
M AY 2 0 1 5
3 Brief Summaries of
Leading Articles in this Issue
Loss of brain immunity may add to the causes of
dementia …
4 Can Brain Arginine Reduce
Alzheimer’s?
Researchers have found that in AD, immune cells
that normally protect the brain instead begin to
consume arginine
Will Block
Women rarely suffer cardiovascular insult until
perimenopause …
10 Berberine Overturns
Menopause Comorbidities
Page 4
With increasing lifespans, women are now spending
as much as one-third of their lifetime in
postmenopausal state
Available Online
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Product Guide
We have a complimentary 56-page Product Guide with
additional information about many of our best-selling products.
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Our comprehensive index of ingredients in our products is
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1. Use of strong anticholinergics may be
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Exercise Your Brain
30 Can Brain Arginine Reduce Alzheimer’s?
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n late April, I gave a presentation called Achieving Longevity Escape Velocity at the Platinum Hotel in Las Vegas. If you recall (or attended!), that was
the same milieu of Life Enhancement’s Symposium in March of 2013. However, the audience was different, and did not gather simply for the reason of
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Figure 1. The goal of anti-aging physi- something
cians and scientists is to not only “square Longevity escape velocity (sometimes
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referred to as “actuarial escape velocity”)
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CONTINUED ON PAGE
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Healing with Nutrition, Dr. Wright’s Book of Nutritional Therapy (over 600,000 copies
sold), Maximize Your Vitality & Potency for Men Over 40, and Natural Hormone
Replacement for Women Over 45. He is the medical director of the Tahoma Clinic
in Tukwila, Washington and publisher of his own newsletter, Nutrition & Healing.
Dr. Don Kleinsek is president of GeriGene, Inc., a
Wisconsin biotech company devoted entirely to life
extension through gene therapy. Dr. Kleinsek was the
hand-chosen successor to life extension pioneer Dr.
Johan Bjorksten as President and Director of the
Bjorksten Research Foundation. According to two-time
Nobel laureate Linus Pauling, Dr. Bjorksten was an
innovator and “one of the most active and effective
students of longevity in the world.”
Will Block is a researcher, writer, and speaker specializing in the life extension,
life enhancement, and cognitive enhancement aspects of nutritional science. His
writings have appeared widely in newsletters, magazines, and books. He is also
the author of The 5-HTP Archives and Tools for Privacy, a book about public-key
encryption, and he speaks about futurology, nootropics, nanotechnology, and
freedom.
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MAY 2015
Publisher/Editorial Director
Will Block
Art Director
Paul Dushkind
Medical Editor
Ward Dean, M.D.
Medical/Scientific
Don Kleinsek, Ph.D.
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All materials in this publication are provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as medical advice or instruction. You are
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Health Matters
Ask Dr. Dean
Dealing with Irregular Heartbeat
I had open-heart surgery over 5 years ago. The surgery
was successful, but I unfortunately ended up with an irregular heartbeat that produced some small clots to the
brain. I take 100 mg slow-release aspirin and also consume an organic natural diet that contains garlic and
turmeric.
Recently I ordered your CardioBeat (Magnesium-Potassium Aspartate), which I have started taking. I am also
going to start Thyroplex for Men, soon. For brain regeneration, I also have Lithium Plus.
I will start that in a week or so.
Are there any other products
that you may have that I have
missed, that can help?
GEORGE, Slacks Creek,
Queensland, AUS
Dear George,
As you have experienced, the
greatest fear of those with atrial
fibrillation is the increased likelihood of stroke-inducing blood
clots. That is the reason for the requirement to take aspirin, and perhaps other platelet aggregation inhibitors or
anticoagulants.
Supplemental turmeric is a wise choice for your regimen, in that it will reduce fibrinogen. Fibrinogen is an
inflammatory indicator, and is the last factor in the clotting
cascade. Fibrinogen combines with thrombin to form fibrin, the substance of the clot. Elevated fibrinogen is a more
significant indicator of cardiovascular risk than cholesterol
levels. Keep your fibrinogen low with turmeric to reduce
the likelihood of further stroke or heart attack-producing
emboli.
Another suggestion is an enzyme-rich formulation containing Exclzyme® EN, a proprietary mixture of: the enzymes Peptizyme SP® EN (serrapeptase), bromelain,
papain, amylase, and lipase; the flavonoid rutin; and an
extract of amla (Indian gooseberry, Emblica officinalis). It
also contains the enzymes trypsin, chymotrypsin, and NattoSEB® (nattokinase) and an extract of Boswellia serrata,
which will reduce intra-vascular and articular (joint) inflammation, as well as help to prevent further blood
clots.1,2 To accomplish these goals, it is best to take such a
formulation on an empty stomach (one hour before or two
hours after a meal).
Berberine is an herb with a number of cardiovascular
benefits. It has positive inotropic (increases the forces of
the heart’s contractions), negative chronotropic (slows
down the heart rate), antiarrhthmic, and vasodilator properties.3,4 For atrial fibrillation, it is more important to control the heart rate than the rhythm. Berberine helps by
slowing the pulse, as well as by its demonstrated anti-arrhythmic effects.
Ward Dean, MD
REFERENCES
1. Jang JY, Kim TS, Cai J, et al. Nattokinase improves blood flow by inhibiting platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. Lab Anim Res. 2013
Dec;29(4):221–5.
CONTINUED ON PAGE
9
BRIEF SUMMARIES OF LEADING ARTICLES IN THIS ISSUE
Can Brain Arginine Reduce Alzheimer’s?
Duke University researchers believe they have found a
new cause of Alzheimer’s disease. In a very recent paper,
they report that immunity decline in the brain is due to a
deficiency of the vital amino acid arginine. Arginine
makes nitric oxide—a vasculature relaxing factor, which
is instrumental for proper brain functioning.
The researchers show that microglia and arginase work
together in a mouse model to cause arginine breakdown,
which inhibits the brain’s immune system. Microglia are
certain immune cells that normally protect the brain, but
start to consume arginine with the help of arginase, an
enzyme that breaks down arginine.
While the Duke researchers
show that an anticancer drug
can suppress arginase, and disrupt arginine breakdown—thus
protecting the mice from Alzheimer’s-like pathology—they
did not consider increased consumption of arginine to accomplish the same thing.
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Berberine Overturns Menopause Comorbidities
A new review describes the cellular and clinical effects associated with the use of the nutritional supplement berberine.
The review scientists found abundant evidence showing
that berberine is beneficial for the full range of lifestyle
changes and concomitant diseases that appear frequently as
women enter perimenopause, and move closer to menopause.
Among the perimenopausal challenges are overweight
and obesity and many comorbidities that lead to type 2
diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular diseases
are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality
in women after menopause and 56% of all causes of
death in Western European countries. With increasing
lifespans, women spend approximately one-third of their lifetime
in postmenopausal state. Consequently, the development of new
strategies to improve the prevention
and treatment of menopause-associated pathologies is important
topic in clinical practice, especially
involving nutritional applications.
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MAY 2015
3
Loss of brain immunity may add to the causes of dementia …
Can Brain Arginine
Researchers have found that in Alheimer’s immune cells that
Will Block
ccording to a very recent study conducted at
Duke University, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) results
from altered brain immune response disturbances.1
This idea is not new. Other scientists have increasingly offered evidence showing that immunity loss may play a causal role in AD.
However, what is new is the finding that immunity decline in the brain is due to dwindling supplies of the vital
nutrient arginine, an amino acid. What is also new is the
finding that in AD, immune cells that normally protect the
brain instead begin to consume arginine.
A
What is new is the finding that
immunity decline in the brain is due
to dwindling supplies of arginine.
Blocking Arginine’s Decline in the Brain
When the researchers used a small-molecule drug to block
the decline of arginine in a special AD prone breed of mice
(called CVN-AD mice), the principle characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease dissipated — i.e., plaques and tangles were
reduced. The study not only points to a new potential
cause of Alzheimer’s, but also may lead to a new treatment
strategy — or the reconsideration of an old therapy (more
on this later).
cell loss and other AD pathology has remained largely
unexplored.
Lower Nitric Oxide Levels Increase Alzheimer’s
The Duke paper suggests that when immune-mediated nitric oxide (made from arginine) is lowered to mimic human
levels, the fundamental features of AD — amyloid deposition, hyper-phosphorylated and aggregated tau, behavioral
changes, and age-dependent hippocampal neuronal loss
— become more evident. This makes sense, given our
knowledge about the value of nitric oxide in maintaining
healthy blood vessels in the body as well as the brain.
“If indeed arginine consumption [destruction] is so important to the disease process, maybe we could block it [the
consumption mechanism] and reverse the disease,” said
Carol Colton in a press release. Dr. Colton is the senior author of the new paper and professor of neurology at the
Duke University School of Medicine.2 Yet this new idea of
reversing AD is far flung, given the research that must still
be done in other animal studies and in humans, not to
mention the lengthy (over 10 years) and very costly process
(more than $1 billion) to meet the FDA’s requirements.
The Duke study may represent new
ground by revealing that specific
immune cells and degradation of
arginine might be linked to
Alzheimer’s disease development.
Is Suppression of Brain Immunity Related to AD?
A few prior studies suggest that along with increased expression of proinflammatory mediators in AD, the inflammatory locale in the brain may also include
immunosuppressive components. This immunosuppressive
bias is consistent with the brain’s status as an immune
privileged site. This means that it is able to tolerate the introduction of antigens (antibody generators) without
producing inflammatory immune responses. Nonetheless, the contribution of immunosuppression to neuronal
Will Block is the publisher and editorial director of Life Enhancement magazine.
4
L IFE enhancement
MAY 2015
Degradation of Arginine Inhibits Brain Immunity
As explained in the study, in accord with the model used,
when AD develops, certain immune cells called microglia,
which normally protect the brain, instead start a pattern
of activity that inhibits the immune system. The Duke
study may represent new ground by revealing that specific
immune cells and degradation of arginine might be linked
to Alzheimer’s disease development. The researchers observed that in AD, immune cells that normally protect the
brain instead begin to consume the vital nutrient arginine.
Reduce Alzheimer’s?
normally protect the brain instead begin to consume arginine
Mice Designed to Possess Immune System Similarity
To explore their hypotheses, the researchers used a specific mouse model (CVN-AD), an engineered species designed to have an immune system more similar to that
found in humans. The CVN-AD mouse model can develop features of human-like AD, namely plaques and tangles in the brain, neuronal loss and behavior
changes. However, CVN-AD mice have only
recently been used in research, starting in
2013 by Dr. Colton and her team.
CVN-AD mice lack inducible nitric
oxide synthase (iNOS), making
them different than humans.3 It
is interesting to note that one of
the reasons galantamine is beneficial for AD is because it inhibits the production of
iNOS.4
Immune Components the
Same Except for Microglia
By searching for immune anomalies throughout the lifespan of
CVN-AD mice, the Duke researchers found that the majority of
the immune components remain the
same, with one exception: microglia. Microglia are a type of brain-resident white blood
cell that act as the main immune defense mechanism
in the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord).
is that the brain releases molecules that boost the immune
system, potentially leading to brain tissue damage.
From studying changes in brain immunity in relation
to neuronal loss, and contrary to the predominant view
that AD pathology is driven by proinflammatory factors,
the researchers found that the pathology in CVN-AD mice
is caused by local immune suppression.
Microglia and Arginase Result in
Arginine Breakdown
Some hippocampal neuronal death
was associated with the presence
of immunosuppressive microglia
and extracellular arginase, resulting in arginine catabolism
and reduced levels of total
brain arginine.
Pharmacologic disruption
of the arginine utilization pathway by an inhibitor of arginase
and ornithine decarboxylase
protected the mice from AD-like
pathology and significantly decreased microglia expression. The
findings strongly implicate local immune-mediated amino acid catabolism
as a novel and potentially critical mechanism mediating the age-dependent and regional loss of neurons in humans with AD.
Arginase: An Enzyme that Breaks Down Arginine
Altered Gene Expressions
In CVN-AD mice, microglia were found to divide and
change early in the disease course. By analyzing gene activity patterns in microglia cells, the researchers found a
higher expression of genes linked to immunosuppression,
and a reduced expression of genes that stimulate the immune system.
“It’s surprising, because [suppression of the immune
system is] not what the field has been thinking is happening in Alzheimer’s disease,” said the study’s first author
Matthew Kan in the Duke press release.2 The general idea
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Before the mice began showing AD, the Colton team
blocked arginase, an enzyme that breaks down arginine,
using the drug difluoromethylornithine, also known as
DFMO. As a result, the scientists saw fewer microglia and
plaques develop in the brains of the mice, and the mice
performed better on memory tests. DFMO has been used
for cancer therapy with mixed results. High doses for prolonged periods cause diarrhea, abdominal pain, and emesis, as well as moderate anemia, leukopenia, and
thrombocytopenia. These serious side effects brought
early cancer treatment usage to a halt.
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MAY 2015
5
Does the study suggest that people should eat more
arginine or take dietary supplements?
According to the press release, but not the study, the answer
is ‘no,’ Colton said, partly because a dense mesh of cells
and blood vessels called the blood-brain barrier determines
how much arginine will enter the brain. While this may be
so, it is only conditionally true that eating more arginine
may not help more get into the sites of the brain that need
it. Besides, if the scientists’ theory is correct, then the enzyme arginase, unless it’s blocked, would still break down
the arginine. No evidence is offered for this.
Oral arginine supplementation has been used in various studies to improve endothelium-dependent nitric
oxide-mediated vasodilation. It is worth noting that the
amino acid citrulline is more readily absorbed and at least
in part converted to arginine — so it too, may play a role
in supplying more arginine to the brain.5
Analysis of gene activity
patterns in microglia, found a higher
expression of genes linked to
immunosuppression and a reduced
expression of genes that stimulate
the immune system.
In a recent issue of Life Extension News, Durk Pearson &
Sandy Shaw wrote that there has been considerable research on nitric oxide synthase because of the importance
of nitric oxide in functions such as vasodilation, in the body
and in the brain. They go on to report that an inadequate
supply of arginine, or too little of the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), (which can be mimicked by folic acid),
can uncouple nitric oxide synthase from the production of
nitric oxide, producing a bunch of free radicals.
Colton and colleagues also report that an increase in the
arginase pathway can inhibit arginine production of nitric
oxide. Among the causes of this increase in arginase rerouting are reperfusion injury, asthma, psoriasis, arthritis, and
male and female cancers. The increased arginase decreases
arginine’s availability to be converted to nitric oxide, as well
as increasing ornithine, which can be converted to
polyamines and procellular proliferation factors (see Fig. 1).
doses” of caffeine were shown to decrease arginase activity
in the brain.6 The results indicated that caffeine’s inhibitory effect on arginase left more arginine available for
use by the nitric oxide synthase pathway.
As the authors explained, caffeine is an inhibitor of
adenosine receptors, decreasing adenosine bound to its
receptors and increasing free adenosine. Adenosine, adenine, inosine, and uric acid are competitive inhibitors of
arginase. Valine, leucine, isoleucine, and ornithine are also
reported to have inhibitory effects on arginase activity.
Caffeine and compounds related to caffeine, such as
theophylline and theobromine, increase cellular levels of
cyclic AMP that are hypothesized to possibly be, at least
in part, a reason for caffeine’s depression of arginase activity. Durk & Sandy wonder too, whether the prescription drug pentoxifylline, a prescription methylxanthine
drug used in the treatment of poor circulation in the extremities (especially legs), might reduce arginase activity
(thus increasing arginine’s availability to be converted to
nitric oxide), which (if true) might account for some of
the drug’s beneficial effects.
Local Immune Mediated Amino Acid Catabolism
Implicated
The Colton et al study concludes that arginase reduces
arginine in the brain of their mouse model, decreasing the
beneficial effects of nitric oxide. Also they find that a drug
can inhibit the activity of arginase, thereby protecting the
mice from AD-like pathology. Quoting the paper, “Our
findings strongly implicate local immune mediated amino
acid catabolism as a novel and potentially critical mechanism mediating the age-dependent and regional loss of
neurons in humans with AD.”
Arginine Improves Brain Function
We have already voiced our opinions about the supposed “uselessness” of arginine (and citrulline) to help
solve this problem in accordance with the researchers
Arginase
L-Arginine
eNOS
Arginase in the Brain
According to Durk & Sandy (see “The Arginine Metabolic
Pathways: Nitric Oxide Synthase and Arginase” in the
April 2004 issue), “Not only is arginine in the brain vital
for the manufacture of nitric oxide, it is also used in brain
protein synthesis and is the substrate for the production
of urea (detoxification of ammonia), along with other important products.
Decreasing Arginase in the Brain
In the same article Durk & Sandy cite a rat study, “small
6
L IFE enhancement
MAY 2015
Figure 1. Competition between arginase and eNOS for the substrate arginine in endothelial cells decreases NO production, which
represents a novel mechanism for atherosclerotic endothelial dysfunction and may explain the controversy of supplemental arginine
therapy in patients with coronary heart disease. It may also shed
light on the controversy of arginase in the brain. Ming XF,
Barandier C, Viswambharan H, et al. Thrombin stimulates human
endothelial arginase enzymatic activity via RhoA/ROCK pathway:
implications for atherosclerotic endothelial dysfunction. Circulation.
2004 Dec 14;110(24):3708–14.
hypothesis. Even though it seems reasonable it is certainly not the final word. And we have our doubts about
the safety of the drug that they proffer.
The Colton et al study
concludes that arginase reduces
arginine in the brain of their mouse
model, decreasing the beneficial
effects of nitric oxide.
Furthermore, among the large amount of literature indicating that arginine may be helpful for dementia is a
clinical study7 showing that arginine has been found to
be effective in reducing lipid peroxidation and increasing
cognitive function (see Fig. 2).
In this study, 16 elderly people with cardiovascular
disease (mean age, 79 years), who had been living in a
nursing home for 2 to 4 years, were treated with relatively
30
*
Dementia Score
25
20
15
10
5
0
Baseline
3 Months
Post-treatment
Arginine Treatment
Figure 2. Cognitive effect of arginine treatment (1.6 g/day) in 16
elderly people (mean age 79). Cognitive function was measured
using the revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS-R). A perfect
score = 30; scores <20 (shaded area) indicate dementia. 3 Months
vs. Baseline and 3 Months vs. Post-treatment. Adapted from Ohtsuka and Nakaya, 2000.
low doses of oral arginine (1.6 g/day) for 3 months. Their
cognitive function was evaluated using the Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS-R) before treatment started, after 3
months of treatment, and finally 3 months after treatment
stopped. The HDS-R is a widely used measure in Japan.
A score of 30 on the HDS-R is considered normal, while
a score of 20 or lower indicates dementia.
After 3 months of treatment with arginine, cognitive
function improved significantly in all subjects from a
mean of 16 to 23. Within 3 months of stopping arginine
treatment, the HDS score returned to pretreatment levels
(17) (Fig. 1). Lipid peroxide levels (an indicator of oxidative stress) also declined significantly during arginine
treatment compared with the baseline and post-treatment
measurements. The authors hypothesized that arginine
treatment improved cognitive function by increasing nitric
oxide levels, by reducing oxidative stress, or both.
There are many good reasons to keep our blood pressure under control; reducing the risk of heart attack, stroke
and kidney failure are the most commonly mentioned.
Now we know that blood pressure control with arginine
may also help preserve our cognitive function.
❇
REFERENCES
1. Kan MJ, Lee JE, Wilson JG, et al. Arginine deprivation and immune suppression in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease J. Neurosci.
2015;35(15):5969 – 82.
2. A New Potential Cause for Alzheimer’s: Arginine Deprivation. Duke
Today. April 14, 2015. https://today.duke.edu/2015/04/arginine. Accessed
April 15, 2015.
3. Hoos MD, Richardson BM, Foster MW, Everhart A, Thompson JW, Moseley MA, Colton CA. Longitudinal study of differential protein expression
in an Alzheimer’s mouse model lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase. J
Proteome Res. 2013 Oct 4;12(10):4462 – 77.
4. Tsvetkova D, Obreshkova D, Zheleva-Dimitrova D, Saso L. Antioxidant
activity of galantamine and some of its derivatives. Curr Med Chem.
2013;20(36):4595 – 608.
5. Schwedhelm E, Maas R, Freese R, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of oral L-citrulline and L-arginine: impact on nitric
oxide metabolism. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2008 Jan;65(1):51 – 9.
6. Nikolic J, Bjelakovic G, Stojanovic I. Effect of caffeine on metabolism of
L-arginine in the brain. Mol Cell Biochem. 2003 Feb;244(1 – 2):125 – 8.
7. Ohtsuka Y, Nakaya J. Effect of oral administration of L-arginine on senile
dementia. Am J Med. 2000;108:439.
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I
nsulin is one of the most important
hormones in our bodies, because it is
essential for the production of energy. Made by the pancreas, insulin is
released every time we eat, in response
to the glucose (blood sugar) that is absorbed from our intestines into our
bloodstream.
Unfortunately, the typical Western diet
ravages the insulin system and causes it
to lose functionality through the impairment of blood sugar metabolism. Yet little attention has been given to insulin
health.
Short of controlling one’s diet and
developing a disciplined exercise
program—both of which are good ideas
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an insulin-support nutritional formulation that takes the care and maintenance of your insulin system to a new level.* In this formulation, Dr. Wright has included some of the most valuable herbal
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water-soluble procyanidins (type A) and MHCP from cinnamon, along with ␣-lipoic acid, a judicious amount of
chromium, the red-wine polyphenol resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) from green tea, the B-vitamin biotin,
New: Berberine Grape Power,™ allows for a wide spectrum of health benefits …
Berberine’s Power Can Be Yours
In the last few years, many studies have confirmed berberine to possess multiple bioactivities. Among what it can do …
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Berberine
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Health Matters
CONTINUED FROM PAGE
2
2. Kotb E. The biotechnological potential of fibrinolytic enzymes in the dissolution of endogenous blood thrombi. Biotechnol Prog. 2014 MayJun;30(3):656–72.
3. Lau CW, Yao XQ, Chen ZY, et al. Cardiovascular actions of
berberine. Cardiovascular Drug Review, 2001, 19(3); 234–44.
4. Marin-Neto JA, Maciel BC, Secches AL, Gallo Júnior L.
Cardiovascular effects of berberine in patients with severe congestive heart failure. Clin Cardiol. 1988
Apr;11(4):253–60.
Potassium Good for Bone Health
ontroversial as it may be in some circles, the role of acid-base metabolism in bone health has been
confirmed in a new meta-analysis. What has
been shown is that potassium bicarbonate
and potassium citrate lower urinary calcium and
acid excretion and reduce the excretion of a bone resorption marker. Bone resorption is the process by which
C
osteoclasts break down bone and release the minerals, resulting in a transfer of calcium from bone fluid to the
blood. These salts may thus be beneficial to bone health
by conserving bone mineral.
The objective of a new study1 was to conduct a metaanalysis to assess the effects of two potassium salts
on urinary calcium and acid excretion, markers
of bone turnover and bone mineral density
and to compare their effects with that of
potassium chloride.
Altogether, a total of 14 studies of the
effect of alkaline potassium salts on calcium metabolism and bone health, identified by a systematic literature search, were
analyzed with Review Manager (Version 5;
The Cochrane Collaboration; Cochrane specializes in meta-analyses) using a random-effects
model. Authors were contacted to provide missing
data as required. Results are presented as the standardized
CONTINUED ON PAGE
19
S U P P L E M E N T FA C T S
Serving size 1 heaping tbsp
Servings per container 30
Amount
Per Serving
Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s®
InnerPower™ and
InnerPower Plus™ help to
trigger your own internal biochemical resources of mental
and physical power for feeling
more vital and youthful.*
Both InnerPower and InnerPower Plus combine arginine,
choline, citrulline, magnesium
aspartate chelate, glycine, and
betaine, as well as folic acid and
vitamins B5, B6, and B12, among
many other vital nutrients—all in a
delicious drink mix to help
restore more youthful function
to your hypothalamus and pituitary
gland, which are responsible for the
production and natural release of
human growth hormone.*
InnerPower Plus also
contains gamma-tocopherol,
coenzyme Q10, and a greater
amount of magnesium
aspartate chelate, along with
a soluble fiber.
For the proper
functioning of your
memory, immune
system, muscles, and
sexuality*
Vitamin A (as beta-carotene)*
2495 IU
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
500 mg
Vitamin E (as d,l-alpha-tocopheryl acetate) 120 IU
Vitamin E (as mixed tocopherols, with
11 IU
40% gamma-tocopherol)
Vitamin B6 (as pyridoxine hydrochloride)
Folic acid
Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)
Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5 as calcium
pantothenate)
Calcium (as calcium pantothenate and
calcium borate)
12
700
200
500
mg
mcg
mcg
mg
% Daily
Value
50%
833%
400%
36%
600%
175%
3333%
5000%
57 mg
Magnesium (as magnesium aspartate)
Zinc (as zinc gluconate)
Copper (as copper gluconate)
Chromium (as chromium polinicotinate)
Arginine
Malic acid
Barley flour
Glycine
Betaine (trimethylglycine free base)
Choline (as choline dihydrogen citrate)
Citrulline
Taurine
Coenzyme Q10
Boron (as calcium borate)
133/267 mg
3 mg
420 mcg
27 mcg
6 g
2 g
1 g
1 g
1 g
670 mg
500 mg
200 mg
30 mg
2 mg
6%
33/67%
21%
21%
22%
†
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* Only in the Cherry- and Tropical-flavored InnerPower formulations.
† Daily Value not established.
Red print denotes InnerPower Plus
Also contains: Natural flavors, citric acid, silicon dioxide,
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Tropical flavor only: Stevia. (Stevia rebaudiana).
Cherry flavor and InnerPowerPlus: Xylitol & sucralose.
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There have been a few reports that high dietary levels of arginine may
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individuals. If this occurs, discontinue use.
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
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Women rarely suffer cardiovascular insult until perimenopause …
Berberine Overturns
With increasing lifespans, women are now spending as much
P
Will Block
erimenopause is a relatively new term devised by
healthcare professionals to identify what occurs
for a woman as she moves closer to menopause.
Many of the symptoms of perimenopause, marking the end of the reproductive cycle, are like
those of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), but others are different. This is due in part to changes in hormones, the
slowing of metabolism, and the subsequent decrease in
life quality affecting each woman differently.
The Perimenopausal Challenge
The increased proportion of overweight and obese people
in Western societies has been attributed largely to behaviors that include sedentary lifestyle and dietary excess.
Consequently, women are at particular risk during perimenopause. That’s because obesity and being overweight
are associated with many comorbid conditions that are
major contributing factors to cardiovascular disease.
With increasing lifespans, women are now spending
as much as one-third of their lifetime in the postmenopausal state. Consequently, the development of new
strategies to improve the prevention and treatment of
menopause-associated pathologies is an important topic
in clinical practice and in lifestyle choices.
Women Are at Particular Risk for Comorbidities
during Perimenopause.
What Can Be Done for Perimenopause?
The purpose of a recent review1 — researched, analyzed,
and written by scientists at the Universities of Ferrara and
Bologna in Italy — was to examine published studies of
weight loss programs for perimenopausal women using
behavioral change strategies of diet alone (including supplements), regular physical activity alone, or both in combination to determine the range of potential outcomes and
Will Block is the publisher and editorial director of Life Enhancement magazine.
10
L IFE enhancement
MAY 2015
reduction of cardiovascular risks. Based on the findings
from this review, the authors recommend practical applications now and suggestions for future research.
Cardiovascular diseases represent the leading causes of
morbidity and mortality in women after menopause and
56% of all causes of death in Western European countries.
Menopause Results in a Decrease in Life Quality
Menopause is characterized by an altered hormonal status, which begins in perimenopause, and results in a subsequent decrease in life quality affecting every woman
differently.
Of the hormonal changes, the decline and eventual
termination of estrogen production is of principal concern. This is typically associated with the onslaught of uncomfortable symptoms (hot flashes, night sweats, breast
tenderness, vaginal dryness, irregular menses, mood
changes, and vaginal atrophy) along with certain pathologies such as osteoporosis, heart disease, hypercholes-
Menopause Comorbidities
as one-third of their lifetime in postmenopausal state
terolemia, endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, hyperglycemia, and depression.
Start Here: Hormone Replacement
Results from different studies indicate that the use of hormone replacement therapy (natural hormone replacement is
best) in menopause needs to be
carefully assessed. Also, the
risks and benefits of the therapy
ideally should be evaluated by
each individual woman’s healthcare professional. Whatever the
discipline, the professional
should be knowledgeable about
the importance of nutrition.
Simply put, the possible
problems associated with hormone replacement therapy in a
subpopulation of women may
be lessened by other lifestyle modifications, such as diet,
food supplements, and exercise. These may be safely used
along with natural estrogens and progesterone. In recent
years, there has been renewed interest in the potential of
high quality natural products to provide health and medical benefits and to help prevent disease. For example, antioxidant compounds have been shown to be of great
benefit in women experiencing menopausal symptoms.
Berberine Crosses Many Health Barriers
Berberine — a quaternary ammonium salt from the protoberberine group of isoquinoline alkaloids found in the
bark, rhizomes, roots, and stems of assorted plants* — ex-
*Sources of Berberine include Berberis [e.g. Berberis aquifolium
(Oregon grape), Berberis vulgaris (barberry), Berberis aristata (tree
turmeric)], Hydrastis canadensis (goldenseal), Xanthorhiza simplicissima (yellowroot), Phellodendron amurense (Amur cork tree),
Coptis chinensis (Chinese goldthread
or Huang Lian Su),
Tinospora cordifolia, Argemone mexicana (prickly poppy), and Eschscholzia californica (Californian poppy). See Wikipedia entry for
Berberine.
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hibits many different types of beneficial biological activities. Among them, the best-characterized ones are antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory,
cholesterol-lowering,
antihyperglycemic, insulin receptor-sensitizing and antidepressive effects. The benefits of Berberine supplementation
embrace
the
reduction
of
many
menopause-associated pathologies.
These include oxidative stress, inflammation and hypercholesterolemia-related
cardiovascular
diseases,
hyperglycemia-related diabetes type 2
(hereafter “diabetes”), and depression.
Berberine Value for Oxidative
Stress
The estrogen deficiency that accompanies perimenopause increases cardiovascular risk. This results from
modifications of plasma lipid profile,
activation of the renin-angiotensin system — a hormone
system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance
— and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
ROS are generally formed as a natural byproduct of the
normal metabolism of oxygen and have important roles
in cell signaling and homeostasis.
However, during times of environmental stress, ROS
levels can increase dramatically, resulting in significant
damage to cell structures. When the damage accumulates,
this is known as oxidative stress.
Of relevance, oxidative stress is a serious imbalance
between the ROS produced and the antioxidant systems,
and has been identified as a cause of metabolic syndrome.
Menopausal women with severe symptoms have
higher oxidative stress; thus it is possible to observe
higher oxidative stress in menopausal women with metabolic syndrome and severe menopause related symptoms.
In general, too much ROS often precipitates pathological situations which can be highly injurious to adjacent
structures in cells, including lipid membranes, DNA, and
proteins.
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Increased oxidative stress and remaster regulator of cellular energy
duced NO bioavailability are impor- Reactive Oxygen Species
homeostasis. The AMPK pathway is
or ROS
tant contributing factors of
activated by Berberine. Thus,
menopause-related endothelial dysBerberine may play a pivotal role in
function, atherosclerosis, hypertenmediating the AMPK pathway’s ansion, cardiovascular, and renal
tioxidant activity (see Fig. 1).
Antioxidant
diseases.
Berberine improves palmitateSystem
Impaired vascular function due to
induced endothelial dysfunction by
ROS could be normalized by natural
upregulating eNOS — the endotheOxidative Stress Balance
estrogen therapy, as found in women
lial-derived nitric oxide synthase,
and animal models of menopause. Moreover, following
which is necessary to catalyze the production of nitric
the estrogens deprivation, oxidative stress increases sigoxide (NO) from L-arginine and downregulating an isoform of NOX through the activation of AMPK.
nificantly. Serum concentrations of inflammatory cyBerberine enhances eNOS phosphorylation and retokines and pro-oxidant biomarkers were found to be
duces the high glucose-induced generation of ROS, celhigher in postmenopausal than in premenopausal
lular apoptosis, NF-␬B activation, and expression of
women. The elevation of cytokines and pro-oxidant markadhesion molecules through AMPK signaling cascade acers suggests that there is a high degree of oxidative stress
tivation, a key event in preventing oxidative and inflamin the postmenopausal state.
matory signaling.
Besides the downregulation of NADPH oxidase and inCardiovascular diseases represent the
creasing NO production, AMPK activation has been
leading causes of morbidity and
linked to upregulation of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), which helps protect against hydrogen
mortality in women after menopause
peroxide. An increased SOD expression in Berberine
and 56% of all causes of death in
treated diabetic mice was observed in one study.
Western European countries.
One of the major sources of ROS production in cells
is a family of membrane-associated enzymatic complexes
called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
(NADPH) oxidase (NOX). The activation of nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAPDH), a major
source of ROS, is often associated with high levels of fatty
acids, cholesterol, glucose, or advanced glycation end
products (AGEs), all linked to the menopausal state.
Berberine Suppresses ROS Production
Berberine has been reported to suppress NOX isoforms,
thereby decreasing ROS production in macrophages and
endothelial cells upon inflammatory stimulation.
Berberine Reduces LDL Oxidation
In endothelial cells, Berberine reduces LDL oxidation induced by ROS and reduces mitochondrial collapse. It
also reduces vesicular structures found in patients with vascular diseases that serve as surrogate markers of endothelial dysfunction.
Metformin — a drug used for diabetes,
which also offers life extension potential
— may exert its cardiovascular protective function through NOX inhibition. (See “Berberine is Superior to
Metformin” in the July 2011 issue
and “Is Metformin the Metabolic Holy
Grail? In the October 2013 issue). This involves
the AMPK pathway — which plays a key role as a
12
L IFE enhancement
MAY 2015
Menopause results in a subsequent
decrease in life quality affecting
every woman differently.
Glutathione (GSH) is another antioxidant enzyme,
which helps to maintain the balance of redox state in organisms. Glutathione is a substrate of glutathione peroxidase
(GSH-Px) in the clearance of peroxides. Berberine treatment promotes the production of glutathione peroxidase
(an important made-in-the-body antioxidant) and hyperactivates SOD in the liver of mice, lessens induced ROS production, and increases the detoxifying enzymes GSH-Px and
SOD in motor neuron-like cells.
Role of Berberine in Cardiovascular
Disease Risk
Menopause-related cardiovascular disease
risk is associated with decreased ovarian
function, in part due to arterial dysfunction and a less favorable blood lipid
profile. Hormone replacement with
estrogen and progesterone has been
shown to reduce plasma concentrations of LDL cholesterol and increase concentrations of HDL cholesterol. High levels of LDL and its
oxidized counterpart represent a major risk factor for
endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
Inactivity of the LDL receptor (LDLR) or its lowlevel expression initiates accumulation of LDL in
blood vessels. Alternatively, the receptor of oxidized LDL
(oxLDL activates a proatherogenic cascade by inducing endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle cells proliferation,
apoptosis, and the transformation of macrophages into
foam cells and platelet activation via NF-␬B activation.
Berberine Helps Prevent Oxidized LDL
In another report, it has been found that Berberine induces an enzyme that upregulates LDLR and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins. In accordance with
previous cited studies, it has been shown that a combination of Berberine with simvastatin increased the LDLR
gene expression to a level significantly higher than that in
single therapies.
In human macrophage-derived foam cells treated with
oxLDL, Berberine inhibits the oxLDL uptake of macrophages and reduces foam cell formation.
It has also been demonstrated that Berberine combined with atorvastatin is more effective in diminishing
another LDL receptor that degrades oxLDL expression
than atorvastatin alone.
Another paper showed, both in vitro and in vivo, that
Berberine reduces leukocyte-endothelium adhesion,
which plays a critical initiating role in inflammation.
matrix metalloproteinases, known to promote the invasion
of inflammatory cells by degrading the extracellular matrix.
The anti-inflammatory effect of Berberine was also
confirmed in patients with acute coronary syndrome following percutaneous coronary intervention. Thus,
Berberine seems to be a promising preventive treatment
in the initial key steps of atherogenesis and plaque formation in the inner linings of arteries.
Role of Berberine in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Different studies have shown that the incidence of diabetes is higher among menopausal women. In fact, estrogen influences not only vascular functions but also insulin
sensitivity. Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by
hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance
in peripheral tissues, particularly in the liver, muscles,
adipocytes, and pancreatic ␤-cells.
Berberine
Lipid Lowering Power of Berberine Clearly
Confirmed
Berberine’s lipid-lowering activity — alone or in association with other nutritional ingredients — has been clearly
confirmed in a relatively large number of randomized
clinical trials, many of which involve a large number of
women (usually from 50% to almost 100% of peri- or
postmenopausal age).
In a large placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial,
it was reported that short-term consumption of a combined nutraceutical containing isoflavones and Berberine
in 120 mildly dyslipidemic postmenopausal women significantly lowered plasma total cholesterol (13.5% ± 0.7
versus 0.2% ± 0.5), LDL cholesterol (12.4% ± 1.5
versus 0.8% ± 0.7), and TG (18.9% ± 2.5 versus
1.3% ± 1.2), improving menopausal symptoms
compared with placebo.2
The benefits of Berberine
supplementation include
the reduction of many
menopause-associated
pathologies.
In a subsample of the same
study, it is shown that the consumption of isoflavones and Berberine
also improved the serum levels of
CALL 800-543-3873
Figure 1. It has been demonstrated that Berberine activates the
AMPK cascade, which is involved in the betterment of cardiovascular disorders, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
Individuals with insulin resistance have either decreased levels or absence of insulin receptor expression
and subsequent hyperglycemia. Oxidative stress participates in the development and progression of diabetes, in
which changes of SOD and catalase were noted in diabetic mice.
It has been reported that taking a low dose of
combined estrogens and progesterone therapy led
to a decreased risk of developing diabetes and to
better glucose control in postmenopausal
women.
Another study compared the effects of
estradiol and genistein treatments on insulin signaling pathway in the cerebral cortex of ovariectomized young and aged
female rats. They observed that aging decreases the translocation of the insulin
dependent glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4)
and 17␤-estradiol, but not genistein,
which favors GLUT4 translocation.
Berberine exhibited a high hypoglycemic potential; it has been shown
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MAY 2015
13
that Berberine activates AMPK with subsequent induction of glycolysis (see Fig. 1). AMPK as an intracellular
energy receptor has attracted more attention and become
a new target for the treatment of diabetes and its cardiovascular complications due to its regulatory effect on endothelial cell function and energy homeostasis.
In a myoblast cell line treated with insulin to induce
insulin resistance, Berberine decreased the reduction in
glucose consumption and glucose uptake, at least in part
via stimulation of AMPK activity. Berberine enhanced
acute insulin-mediated GLUT4 translocation and glucose
transport in insulin-resistant myotubes (developing skeletal muscle fibers with a tubular appearance) through activation of the AMPK and PI3K pathways.
Besides the role in AMPK signaling, another paper
showed that Berberine increased insulin receptor messenger RNA and protein expression in a variety of human
cell lines and hepatitis B virus transfected human liver
cells. In a clinical study, the same group observed that
Berberine significantly lowered fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides, and insulin levels in patients
with diabetes to the same degree as metformin and rosiglitazone (a combination commonly used for diabetes therapy); the percentages of peripheral blood lymphocytes
expressing InsR were significantly elevated after therapy.
Berberine exhibited similar hypoglycemic potential as
glibenclamide (an anti-diabetes drug that stimulates the
release of insulin) to lower area under the curve of the fasting blood glucose in the kidney, liver, and brain of mice
with diabetes. The dose-dependent antidiabetic properties
of Berberine have been clearly confirmed in a relatively
large number of randomized clinical trials, involving a
large number of women (usually 50%, almost all in perior postmenopausal age). Thus, on the basis of the available
evidence, we can reasonably conclude that Berberine
could be an ideal supplementation for diabetes.
Berberine improves palmitateinduced endothelial dysfunction by
upregulating eNOS — the endothelialderived nitric oxide synthase, which
is necessary to catalyze the
production of nitric oxide (NO)
from arginine.
Role of Berberine in Depressive Disorder
During the menopausal transition, between 15% and 50%
of women experience depressive symptoms; in 15% to
30% of perimenopausal women, they are severe enough
to be regarded as a depressive disorder. Fluctuations in
gonadal hormone levels are thought to contribute to these
depressive conditions, and hormone therapy is commonly
used to alleviate climacteric symptoms. Acombination of
interactions between neurotransmitters, neuropeptides,
oxidative and nitrosative stress, and cytokines are thought
to take part in the pathogenesis of depression.
Berberine Helps with Breast Cancer
f you’re a woman, you know that
the most common cancer among
women worldwide is breast cancer.
Out of this awareness, you know that
novel therapeutic agents are needed
to treat this disease. The plant-based
alkaloid Berberine has potential
therapeutic applications for breast
cancer, although a better understanding of the genes and cellular pathways regulated by this compound is
needed to define the mechanism of
its action in cancer treatment.
In a new review, the molecular
targets of Berberine in various cancers, particularly breast cancer, are
discussed. Berberine was shown to
be effective in inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis in
various cancerous cells. Some signaling pathways affected by Berberine,
including the mitogen-activated pro-
I
14
L IFE enhancement
MAY 2015
tein kinase and Wnt/␤-catenin
pathways, are critical for reducing
cellular migration and sensitivity
to various growth factors.
The new review discusses recent studies and consider the application of new prospective
approaches based on microRNAs
and other crucial regulators for
use in future studies to define the
action of Berberine in cancer.
The effects of Berberine on cancer cell survival and proliferation
are also outlined, and there is a
surprising amount of information
and finding showing Berberine’s
applicability.
REFERENCE
1. Jabbarzadeh Kaboli P, Rahmat A, Ismail P,
Ling KH. Targets and mechanisms of Berberine, a natural drug with potential to treat cancer with special focus on breast cancer. Eur J
Pharmacol. 2014 Oct 5;740:584 – 95.
Berberine for Quicker Antidepressant Response
It is theorized that the additive effect of enhancing neurotransmission in three monoamine systems (serotonin,
norepinephrine, and dopamine) may lead to improved
efficacy and quicker onset of antidepressant responses.
Clinical studies have reported that patients with depression presented also with oxidative disturbances such as
elevated lipid peroxidation products and reduced levels
of SOD. NF-␬B activity is regulated at least in part by
the intensity of intracellular oxidative and nitrosative
stress and, in turn, controls the regulation of genes encoding proteins involved in immune and inflammatory
responses.
Depressed patients often display enhanced cytokine
levels including interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein,
interleukin-1-beta (IL-1␤), and TNF␣; they can enter the
brain and may cause alterations of the metabolism of
serotonin and dopamine. Thus these studies showed a
correlation between oxidative and nitrosative stress, increased levels of cytokines, and altered levels of biogenic
amines. Mechanistically, estrogen plays an important role
in mood and cognitive regulation. It is reported that
monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) total distribution volume, an index of MAO-A density, is elevated in perimenopausal women.
Berberine inhibited the immobility period in mice in
both forced swim and tail-suspension test, two animal
models of depression, in a dose independent manner.
Among the reported bioactivities of Berberine is the inhibition of MAO-A enzyme activity.
Berberine Increases Norepinephrine, Serotonin, and
Dopamine Levels
In fact, the acute and chronic administration of Berberine
in mice resulted in increased levels of norepinephrine,
serotonin, and dopamine, neurotransmitters induced by
a MAO-A enzyme. In accordance with another study, this
study showed the protective antidepressant-like effect of
Berberine against biogenic amine depletion (a
monoamine depletor is commonly used to induce depression in animals) and against oxidative nitrosative stressmediated inflammatory cascade and apoptotic signaling
pathway in rats.
Recently, the important role of endoplasmic reticulum protein sigma-1 receptors (sigma receptors) in the
modulation of various neurotransmitters has been identified. These receptors seem to be a promising target for
the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, in
particular for depression. Sigma-1 receptor modulators
are considered the drugs of the future for the treatment
of major depression and anxiety. It is reported that
Berberine has an effect on sigma receptor-1 similar to
many synthetic antidepressant drugs. However, at the
best of our knowledge, there are no available data on the
AI
NT
er
on
e
• Supports healthy
More proof!
inflammatoryTo add higher levels of
response function*
curcumin and all the bioactive ingredients to their
• Powerful antioxidant*
supplement program, life
• Stress management
extension scientists Durk
support*
Pearson & Sandy Shaw take • Helps maintain
whole ground turmeric,
cardiovascular
and now you can do the
health
same. Each easy to take,
and liver
flavor-free capsule of
function*
Turmeric Root Power con• Supports
tains 600 mg of ground
healthy joints*
turmeric, for a recommend•
Brain support*
ed serving of 2 capsules,
Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s®
3 to 4 times daily.
What more do you
need to know? Act
today!
NS
rm
bioavailability, first extracts
curcumin from whole
turmeric leaving the natural
essential oils behind (including ar-turmerone), and
then mixes the oils back in!
When you cut a piece
of fresh turmeric, you will
notice that your hands
turn yellow, an indication that there is
good bioavailability,
because skin has
evolved to be highly
resistant to penetration
by foreign substances.
Also, if you’re taking whole turmeric, your stool does
not turn yellow.
CO
ooking for the best way
to get higher levels of
curcumin and other curcuminoids? Did you know
that there are additional
bioactive compounds in
whole turmeric, other than
the curcuminoids, many of
which are as potent as curcumin?
It’s been reported that
curcumin has low
bioavailability, and
that may be true.
However, it is interesting to note
that one formulation, claiming the highest curcumin
L
-Tu
Get
All
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Curcuminoids
and more from WHOLE TURMERIC capsules
Ar
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*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
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MAY 2015
15
evaluation of the potential antidepressant effects of
Berberine in humans.
Summary
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Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s® GalantaMind Plus™
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REFERENCES
1. Caliceti C, Rizzo P, Cicero AF. Potential Benefits of Berberine in the Management of Perimenopausal Syndrome. Oxid Med Cell Longev.
2015;2015:723093. Epub 2015 Feb 17.
2. Cianci A, Cicero AF, Colacurci N, Matarazzo MG, De Leo V. Activity of
isoflavones and berberine on vasomotor symptoms and lipid profile in
menopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2012 Sep;28(9):699 – 702.
HE
ier
Standard doses of Berberine are usually well-tolerated and
adverse reactions are rare. As perimenopause set in, the reduction in the estrogen levels are connected with the onslaught of discomforts and pathologies, which strongly
affects the quality of life for many women. However, there
is growing evidence that Berberine can minimize the negative consequences resulting from low estrogens levels, and
do this without the undesirable side effects that are commonly associated with hormone replacement therapy. In
all likelihood, it seems as though Berberine might be an
important, safe and efficient nutritional supplement to sustain women during the menopausal transition.
❇
S
*
G
alantamine is a phytonutrient extracted
from the common snowdrop (Galanthus
nivalis). It is believed to be the same
memory-function enhancer used 3200 years ago
by Homer’s legendary Greek hero Odysseus.*
As an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEl),
galantamine competitively blocks the premature, age-related breakdown of the natural
neurotransmitter acetylcholine, an essential
molecule that supports memory function.* Unlike other AChEls, galantamine also supports
proper nicotinic receptor activity, an effect long
known to influence memory function.*
GalantaMind Plus, featuring galantamine, is
a multinutrient braincare formulation designed
by life extension scientists Durk Pearson &
Sandy Shaw for their own daily use as a means to help preserve and protect memory function.*
GalantaMind Plus also contains green tea polyphenols (EGCG) and turmeric (each with its own system of
antioxidants, each operating together as a system), along with vitamin C, vitamin E, folic acid, vitamin B6,
vitamin B12, quercetin, lithium (an important brain food found
in the bottled waters of
American and European
GalantaMind™
GalantaMind Plus™
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hesperidin for improved
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11897
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QUESTIONS?
C
all our courteous, well-trained, and
knowledgeable Client Relationship
Managers, toll-free, at
800-543-3873.
8797
$
Life Enhancement Products, Inc.
Personal Service Mon–Fri 7–5 Pacific Time
We answer your questions right from
our office. You won’t be talking with a
hired service bureau temp in some remote
place. Talk with us directly. We’ve got the
answers!
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
16
L IFE enhancement
MAY 2015
Listen to your brain’s needs and …
A
Mind Food™ Brain Maintenance
Toolkit,™ which also includes
GalantaMind Plus™ and Durk
Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s®
Omega-3 Heart & Mind.™
s we age, the nutrient
choline becomes less
bioavailable, with
serious consequences for
memory function. Memory
Upgrade III™ is a greattasting, natural, fruit-flavored
citrus cooler containing
choline and essential nutrient
cofactors plus the important
amino acid taurine. Memory
Upgrade III makes it easy to ensure
adequate levels of choline.
Some of the choline in
your diet is used by your
brain and motor nerves to
make the neurotransmitter
acetylcholine, which is critical
for proper memory function and
muscle tone.* Taurine is a brain
food that provides your brain with
a vital nutrient needed for proper
function.* Use Memory Upgrade III to help preserve and
protect your memory function.*
This Designer Food® nutritional supplement
was designed by life extension scientists Durk Pearson &
Sandy Shaw ® for their own daily use as part of their
Sugar-Free
More Taurine
Memory
Upgrade III™
Memory
Upgrade II™
90 Servings
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ResQue,™ a Resveratrol Plus Quercetin Formulation
Your Solution to the French Paradox
Queue Up your memory, cardiovascular, metabolic functions and so much more
R
emember the “French Paradox?” It was the question raised at the end of the 20th
century about why the high-fat diet of the French did not cause more dire consequences. Data collected as far back as 1997 indicate that phenolic compounds
(such as resveratrol and quercetin) found in red wine exhibit properties that may account in part for the fact that moderate drinking of red wine over a long period of time
can protect cardiovascular function. Resveratrol appears to be the solution.*
However, there are a number of questions to answer when it comes to resveratrol, a
highly desirable nutrient that has startled the world with its promises and actualities.
First Up: Are you getting the right dose, not too much and not too little?
Second Up: Are you maintaining high serum levels of trans-resveratrol (the
most active form)?
The solution may be ResQue, found to up your memory function in a recent
scientific study with an intake of resveratrol at 200 mg/day plus quercetin at
320 mg for increased bioavailability and blood level sustainability (by inhibiting the sulphation of resveratrol).*
So resolve each day’s problems with ResQue.
ResQue™
Factory Direct Price
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*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
CALL 800-543-3873
FAX 775-267-1544
www.life-enhancement.com
MAY 2015
17
Eat More Like A Caveman
I
t is no surprise that the risks of many troublesome health problems can be reduced
with a good diet (and increased by a bad one). But did you know that while our
diet has changed considerably from what our ancestors ate 50,000 years ago, not
all of these changes have been for the good?
For example, our modern diets are likely to contain far less potassium, far more
sodium, more acid forming nutrients, and less base-forming nutrients than those
enjoyed by our ancestors when our species evolved. The consequences can be tragic.
Most Americans Do Not Get Enough Potassium
Fortunately, an inexpensive potassium bicarbonate dietary supplement can help you to eat
more like a Caveman—without the Stone Age burdens of laborious hunting and gathering—
and offer dramatic support for your wellbeing.
Modern human dietary requirements were encoded into our DNA during evolution starting with the
Paleolithic diet, which contained about 35% meat and about 65% plant foods. Moreover, these foods of
the early human diet had a different composition than foods do today, including a much higher level of
potassium (from fruits and vegetables) and much less acid-forming content (because of the increased ratio
of plant to animal foods).
The change to a low potassium, high acid-forming content diet has had a profound impact on many aspects
of wellness and healthy aging. But adding potassium bicarbonate to your daily dietary program can help
support healthy:*
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• Blood Pressure • Muscle Mass • Bones • Endothelial Function • Dietary Acid Load
So get into the swing of things (no club intended) and make Potassium Basics a regular
part of your supplement program today!
The recommended daily serving of Durk
& Sandy’s Potassium Basics is 2 capsules,
2 to 4 times daily, which provide a total
of 2.7 g of potassium bicarbonate (1.35
g in each capsule) per 2 capsule serving.
The elemental amount of potassium in
2.7 g of potassium bicarbonate is 1.05 g.
Take with meals.
CO
N
AI
T
N
B
V
S
M
A
T
I
IN
S
WARNING: IF YOU ARE TAKING A POTASSIUMSPARING DIURETIC PRESCRIPTION DRUG DO
NOT TAKE SUPPLEMENTAL POTASSIUM. If you
have kidney disease you should discuss potassium
bicarbonate supplementation with your physician
before use. Do not reduce your dose of
antihypertensive drugs or discontinue them
without consulting your physician.
Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s®
™
Potassium Basics
Factory Direct Price
$
SHIELD YOUR BODY
AGAINST FREE RADICALS
Damaged
mitochondrion
Healthy
mitochondrion
A
t Life Enhancement, we put 28
nutrients in each serving of Personal
Radical Shield.™
Designed and used every day by life
extension scientists Durk Pearson & Sandy
Shaw,® Personal Radical Shield represents
the extensive research of hundreds of
“If Sandy and I couldn’t take anything
else, if we could only take one thing,
Personal Radical Shield ™ is
what we would take.”
scientists. Many of the 28 nutrients in this
formulation are powerful antioxidants and
free radical scavengers needed by your
body to make protective compounds.*
Personal Radical Shield is the foundation
of Durk & Sandy’s system of health
promotion and maintenance.*
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— Durk Pearson
$
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336 caps
112 serv
9 97
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120 caps
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Supplement Facts
Serving size 3 capsules 4 times a day
Servings per container 112
Amount
Per Serving
Vitamin A
(as vitamin A palmitate) 1250 IU
(as beta-carotene) 3167 IU
Vitamin C
(as calcium ascorbate) 813 mg
(as ascorbyl palmitate) 26 mg
Vitamin D (as cholecalciferol, vitamin D3) 250 IU
Vitamin E (dL-alpha-tocopheryl) 200 IU
Vitamin K (as Vitamin K1 [phylloquinone]) 35 mcg
Thiamine (vitamin B1 as thiamine hydrochloride) 15 mg
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) 25 mg
Niacin (vitamin B3 [nicotinic acid]) 125 mg
Vitamin B6 (as pyridoxine) 19 mg
Folate (as folic acid) 196 mcg
Vitamin B12 (as cyanocobalamin) 50 mcg
Biotin 750 mcg
Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5 as calcium pantothenate) 150 mg
Calcium (as calcium ascorbate, calcium pantothenate and calcium borate) 196 mg
Iodine (as potassium iodide) 41 mcg
Zinc (as zinc gluconate) 12.5 mg
Selenium (as sodium selenite) 50 mcg
Copper (as copper gluconate) 750 mcg
Manganese (as manganese gluconate) 1 mg
Chromium (as chromium polynicotinate) 50 mcg
Molybdenum (as molybdenum gluconate) 125 mcg
% Daily
Value
88%
1398%
63%
667%
44%
996%
1471%
625%
936%
49%
833%
250%
1502%
20%
27%
83%
72%
38%
50%
42%
167%
Taurine 313 mg
Cysteine 125 mg
Quercetin (from Sophora japonica buds) 32 mg
Hesperidin from orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit 30 mg
Boron (as calcium borate) 750 mcg
†
Daily Value not established.
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
18
L IFE enhancement
MAY 2015
†
†
†
†
†
Health Matters
CONTINUED FROM PAGE
with alkaline potassium salts on bone metabolism: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2015 Apr;26(4):1311–8.
9
or unstandardized mean difference.
Urinary calcium excretion was lowered by intervention
with both potassium salts, which lowered the bone resorption marker, with a very high probability (P <
0.00001). There was no effect on bone formation markers
or bone mineral density.
The mixture of the two salts worked better than the
citrate form alone in lowering calcium excretion.
This meta-analysis confirms that supplementation
with alkaline potassium salts leads to significant reduction in renal calcium excretion and acid excretion, compatible with the concept of increased buffering of
hydrogen ions by raised circulating bicarbonate. The observed reduction in bone resorption indicates a potential
benefit to bone health for both potassium bicarbonate
and potassium citrate.
❇
1. Lambert H1, Frassetto L, Moore JB, et al. The effect of supplementation
Mastic Improves Crohn’s Disease
he use of herbal therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing worldwide. In a new metaanalysis, researchers pinpointed mastic for two well
done studies that show its usefulness for Crohn’s disease
(CD).1
Chios mastic gum (Pistacia
lentiscus var Chia) belongs to
the family of Pistacia. This
tree is unique in the
world because it produces a special resin
(mastic gum). The
mastic tree belongs to
the family of Anacardiaceae and mastic gum
is a natural product produced by trees growing ex-
T
Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s® AGEless,™ their Anti-AGE Formulation
How Can We Fight AGE?
N
ow it is possible to
slow down
and minimize the
effects of advanced
glycation endproducts (AGEs)
formation in our
bodies.* This is
great! Without the
excessive formation and accumulation of AGEs—
the unavoidable byproducts of eating digestible carbohydrates, cooking food, and maintaining tightly regulated circulating levels of glucose in our bloodstream as
a necessary fuel—we would be a lot healthier.
Although you can significantly reduce AGEs created
in food preparation by reducing temperature and by
using boiling, poaching,
Supplement Facts
size 2 capsules
or stewing rather than fry- Serving
Servings per container 60 or 120
ing and grilling, it is not
Amount
% Daily
possible to avoid all AGEs Per Serving
Value
Thiamin (vitamin B1)
17500%
in food. Moreover, albenfotiamine 250 mg
though you can help keep as
as thiamine hydrochloride 13 mg
Vitamin B6 (as pyridoxine) 13 mg
625%
blood sugar levels down
by dietary choices (such
Alpha-lipoic acid 250 mg
†
250 mg
†
as eating a low-glycemic- Carnosine
Histidine 250 mg
†
index diet), glycation still Rutin 125 mg
†
occurs relentlessly
†Daily Value not established.
Other Ingredients: Gelatin capsule, silicon dioxide.
throughout life.
Fortunately, scientists have studied AGEs
intensively in recent years—and leave it to Durk
& Sandy to bring the benefit of their research to
your nutritional door. To pave the way, they
developed a dietary supplement for their own
use that, in studies of the individual components, has been shown to be very effective in
reducing glycation reactions, defusing these
deleterious molecules that interfere with proper
structure and function before they do serious
harm that can only shorten our horizons of a
truly healthy future.*
Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s AGEless will
provide scientifically validated antiglycating agents.
Reducing AGEs may support the proper
function of your:
• Kidneys
• Lungs
• Eyes
• Skin
• Liver
• Arteries
There can be no doubt: AGEs are directly associated
with age. The longer you live, the more of them you
will form and accumulate, unless you’re using
Durk & Sandy’s AGEless.*
Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s®
CLICK
™
CLICK
HERE
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NOW
AGEless
Factory Direct Prices
5797
$
120 caps
Reg. $82.81
HERE
TO
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NOW
99 97
$
240 caps
Reg. $142.81
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
CALL 800-543-3873
FAX 775-267-1544
www.life-enhancement.com
MAY 2015
19
FO
LITHIUM PLUS
™
R
’
3 S
H
T
LY 95
ON P $ 5
M SUP LY
N
Announcing Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s…
O
for Neuroprotection
You Don’t have to Travel to a Health Spa to Get the Benefits of Lithium
Lithium is an essential nutrient
that supports neurological functioning in normal people at low
concentrations.*
• Protect against inflammation and depletion of energy
supplies in the brain by modulating stress-induced increases in
NFkappaB, a major regulator of
inflammation, and PARP, a DNA
damage responsive enzyme*
The lithium found in spring water
has been reported to be positively and significantly associated
with brain derived neurotrophic
factor (BDNF), an important
growth factor involved in many
cognitive processes including
learning and memory, and emotional processes.*
Hesperidin offers an array of important support for your health
and helps:
• Produce happy juice effects (as
does turmeric). You’d have to
drink a big glass (nearly 14 oz)
of orange juice to gain the
amount of hesperidin found in
just one capsule of Lithium Plus
Lithium has also been found to
increase the size of neurons and
the density of the dendrite network in the brain cortex of mice
and possibly in the brains of humans.* Some studies have shown
that it decreases excessive levels
of TNFalpha and IL-6, proinflammatory molecules.*
• Improve amyloid-beta-impaired
glucose utilization*
• Protect against blood
glutathione reduction*
• Protect your brain*
Lithium Plus also contains turmeric root, taurine,
and hesperidin.
Curcumin, one of turmeric’s important compounds,
helps:
• Increase serotonin levels
• Decrease hyperpermeability in the gut*
• Diminish mitochondrial dysfunction*
• Protect against capillary leakiness*
All in all, there are few products that can provide
as much health support as Lithium Plus, especially
when you consider the low price. Accelerate your
protection program today!
Taurine, an important sulfur-containing amino acid,
helps:
• Enhance antioxidant and osmotic regulatory properties*
• Extend neuroprotective and cytoprotective properties*
• Improve neural survival*
QUESTIONS?
C
Lithium Plus
™
By Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw®
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all our courteous, well-trained, and
knowledgeable Client Relationship
Managers, toll-free, at
800-543-3873.
5
Direct Price
$ 95 Factory
Reg. $8.50
90 caps
Life Enhancement Products, Inc.
Personal Service Mon–Fri 7–5 Pacific Time
We answer your questions right from
our office. You won’t be talking with a hired
service bureau temp in some remote place.
Talk with us directly. We’ve got the answers!
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
20
L IFE enhancement
MAY 2015
clusively in the Greek island of Chios. Its aromatic and
therapeutic characteristics have been well-known for
centuries for benefits deriving from its unique antioxidant compounds, most of which have been recently
identified.
In a relevant study, the effectiveness of mastic on the
clinical course and plasma inflammatory mediators of patients with active CD was evaluated.2 Recruited to a 4week treatment with mastic caps (6 caps/day, 0.37 g/cap)
were 10 patients and 8 controls. It was found that mastic
treatment significantly decreased the CD activity index
(CDAI) and the plasma levels of IL-6 and C-reactive protein,
an important measure of inflammation.
In a subsequent study, the same group of investigators
noticed that treating CD patients with mastic resulted in the
reduction of TNF-␣ secretion, a powerful inflammatory.3
Migration inhibitory factor release was also significantly increased, meaning that random migration and chemotaxis
of monocytes/macrophages were inhibited. It seems that
mastic acts as an immunomodulator on peripheral blood
mononuclear cells, acting as a TNF-␣ inhibitor and a migration inhibitory factor stimulator. Mastic is good for those
with Crohn’s disease.
1. Triantafyllidi A, Xanthos T, Papalois A, Triantafillidis JK. Herbal and plant
therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Ann Gastroenterol.
2015 Apr-Jun;28(2):210–20.
2. Kaliora AC, Stathopoulou MG, Triantafillidis JK, Dedoussis GV, Andrikopoulos NK. Chios mastic treatment of patients with active Crohn's
disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2007;13:748–53.
3. Kaliora AC, Stathopoulou MG, Triantafillidis JK, Dedoussis GV, Andrikopoulos NK. Alterations in the function of circulating mononuclear
cells derived from patients with Crohn’s disease treated with mastic. World
J Gastroenterol. 2007;13:6031–6.
Escape
CONTINUED FROM PAGE
2
is a term used in life enhancement and life extension (see
Fig. 2). It is a point in time for an individual when life
expectancy is being extended longer than the time that is
passing. In a given year in which longevity escape velocity
is maintained, supplement usage and technological
advances increase life expectancy more than the year that
just went by.
Life extension authors and scientists Durk Pearson and
Sandy Shaw have long argued that there will come a critical point when the rate of advancement will exceed the
rate of decline, and we will be able to add more than a
year of life for every year lived. Life extension thinkers Ray
Kurzweil and Aubrey de Grey agree and refer to this as the
“longevity escape velocity.” Thus the idea is not new. But
it is an idea whose time has come.
For the entire presentation, we are offering a copy (as
a PDF file or printout) with your next
order. May the force
for the escape be
with you!
Live long & prosper,
Will Block
Figure 2. The vertical axis represent the increase in life for each year lived plotted
against new and advancing healthcare technologies that lower the risk of dying. Many
of you are near the yellow dot on the curve
and soon to climb higher.
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Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s®
Life Extension News
™
Vol. 18 No. 1 • April 2015
Excerpts — entire issue can be found at
www.life-enhancement.com
APPETIZERS
“Man is so made that he can only find relaxation from one
kind of labor by taking up another.”
— Anatole France, The Crime of Sylvestre Bonnard
“Just because you do not take an interest in politics doesn’t
mean politics won’t take an interest in you.”
— Pericles (430 BC)
“Politics is the art of looking for trouble, finding it whether it
exists or not, diagnosing it incorrectly, and applying the
wrong remedy.”
— Ernest Benn
“Remind me,” Jubal told her, “to write an article on the compulsive reading of news. The theme will be that most neuroses can be traced to the unhealthy habit of wallowing in
the troubles of five billion strangers.”
— Robert A. Heinlein ,
Stranger in a Strange Land, (1961)
The Size of the Sun
“It is immeasurably huge. This you can tell from the following observation. Trees which are planted at the far limits of
East and West, nevertheless cast shadows of the same proportions — though these trees are miles and miles apart, the
sun appears in the same place, as though centred on either
one.”
— Pliny the Elder, Natural History
Cumulative Use of Strong Anticholinergics May Be
Associated with An Increased Risk of DEMENTIA
A new paper1 just published in JAMA INTERN MED reports that, among a cohort population of 3434 men and
women aged 65 or older with no signs of dementia at the
start of the study, during a mean followup of 7.3 years,
higher cumulative use of anticholinergic drugs was associated with an increased risk of DEMENTIA. Anticholinergic drugs are used as, for example, antispasmodics for
the gastrointestinal tract, antimuscarinics for the bladder
(“overactive bladder”) and antiparkinsonians. The paper
©2015 by Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw
L IFE enhancement
Use It Or Lose It
The relationship between the cholinergic nervous system in the brain and cognitive aging has been a hot research subject for at least the past 40 years. 2 In an
important 1974 paper,2 for example, the authors say:
“The cognitive and memory disturbances occurring
with aging may reflect some relatively specific disorder
of cholinergic neurotransmitter function — such as impaired synthesis, release or receptor iuptake of acetylcholine — that is largely reproduced by pharmacologic
cholinergic blockade.” The paper2 itself was a test of anticholinergic drugs in young subjects and showed memory/cognitive impairment. The authors conclude that
their data “raise the interesting association between
cholinergic blockade and the mental deterioration of
aging, however, and suggest the need for further study
of the integrity of the cholinergic pharmacosystem in
the elderly.”
Declining Ability of the Older Brain to Transport
Choline Across the Blood-Brain Barrier
DID YOU KNOW . . .
22
notes that the use of anticholinergics in older adults ranges from
8% to 37%.
During the 7.3 years of mean
followup, 797 participants
(23.2%) developed dementia,
with 637 of these reported to develop Alzheimer’s disease. There
was a 10 year cumulative dose-response relationship observed for
both dementia and Alzheimer’s
disease, that is, the higher the cumulative dose used during that
period, the greater the likelihood
of developing dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.
Though this was an association, not proof of cause and effect, it is important to keep in mind that Alzheimer’s
disease and dementia are both positively linked to dysfunction in the cholinergic nervous system in the brain.
Hence, this association is likely (but not proven) to be a
causative one.
MAY 2015
We have written extensively about the markedly decreasing ability of the human brain, as it ages, to import choline
across the blood-brain-barrier into the brain from the general circulation. [See “Maintain your Brain the Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw Way” in the March 2004 issue.]
Moreover, in the explanatory material in the paper,1
the authors note that, while “the general view is that anticholinergic-induced cognitive impairment is reversible
on discontinuation of medication therapy,” “several investigators have reported that anticholinergics may be associated with an increased risk for sustained cognitive
deficits, such as mild cognitive impairment or dementia.”
The authors suggest that a plausible biological mechanism
for these findings is that “cumulative use of these agents
results in pathologic changes
in the brain similar to those
observed with Alzheimer’s
disease (AD).”
All of the first generation
and many of the second generation antihistamines have
anticholinergic
effects,
though not the third generation. One way to tell is if the
antihistamine you use causes
your mouth to become dry,
it likely has anticholinergic
activity.
REFERENCES
1. Gray, Anderson, Dublin, et al. Cumulative use of strong anticholinergics
and incident dementia: a prospective cohort study. JAMA Intern Med.
175(3):401 – 7 (2015).
2. David A. Drachman, Janet Leavitt. Human memory and the cholinergic
system. Arch Neurol. 30:113 – 21 (Feb. 1974).
REALLY Low Dose Lithium Stabilizes Alzheimer’s
Disease Patient Cognition Over 15 Months
A group of scientists, concerned about increased toxicity of
lithium in the aged at the usual dosages used therapeutically (for bipolar disorder, for example), ranging from 150
to 600 mg daily, as a result of reduced glomerular filtration
in the kidney, among other things, decided to do a study
on Alzheimer’s patients at a truly tiny dose, 300 micrograms
once a day.1 Well water in areas with higher than usual
amounts of lithium may contain that much lithium and
commercially-available premium priced mineral waters
from some springs and artesian wells often contain water
with prized increased amounts of lithium, highly sought
after by many looking for the healthful benefits of the mineral at low doses. See next section below for more on
lithium in natural sources of water.
The 113 patients included in the study had their mental states evaluated every three months using MMSE
(mini-mental state examination) applied in a doubleblinded manner at the hospital (the physicians, patients,
family, and caregivers did not know which patients received lithium and which received placebo). The MMSE
is designed to measure the ability of a person to function
doing normal everyday tasks.
During the study, those receiving microdose lithium
showed no decrease in performance on the MMSE,
whereas the control group (receiving no lithium) had decreasing scores, indicating cognitive decline. The authors
note that relying just on the MMSE was a limitation of the
study, as it does not give a complete picture for the determination of the assumption of homogeneity between the
groups, though they did administer two other statistical
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tests to verify the homogeneity between groups, the Friedman non-parametric test followed by the Bonferroni test.
The results of this study, using a dose so small and registering a stabilization of the AD patients over such a long
period, 15 months, is remarkable and is a worthy subject
for determination of the mechanisms involved.
We note that this amount
of lithium per day is so small
that even our own low dose
lithium contains 6 mg in a
daily capsule. We based this
dose on the amount of
lithium you could get from
drinking a reasonable amount
of famous European health
spa mineral water naturally
high in lithium sold legally in
the United States. The 6 mg
dose is 6000 micrograms, 20
times as much as in the 300
microgram microdose used in
this Alzheimer disease study.1
REFERENCE
1. Nunes, Viel, Buck. Microdose lithium treatment stabilized cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Curr Alzheimer Res. 10:104 –
7 (2013).
Lower Dose Lithium Protects Against Amnestic Mild
Cognitive Impairment in Human Study Possible
Mechanism Identified
A small-randomized controlled study of 45 individuals with
mild memory impairment received lithium (150 mg a day
titrated to serum levels of 0.25 – 0.5 mmol/l, a range lower
than the usual dosage used to treat bipolar disorder) or
placebo over 12 months. Lithium treatment was associated
with a significant decrease in
cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of p-TAU (p=0.03) and
better performance on the cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer’s disease Assessment Scale
and in attention tasks.1A
The most interesting
datum mentioned in the paper
was that preliminary data from
the lab that performed the
study1A described above (data
said to be available upon request) showed that lithium
treatment in the dose range
used in the above study for
two weeks in healthy volunteers caused a 50% reduction
in GSK3B activity in leukocytes. Although this enzyme is
known to be inhibited by lithium at therapeutic doses
(those used to treat bipolar disorder) and is thought to be
a major mechanism of its action at those doses, this is the
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MAY 2015
23
first time we’ve seen a measurement at lower doses of
lithium. This might suggest that even lower doses of
lithium may have an inhibiting effect on the enzyme,
though it might be inhibited less than at the higher doses
depending on the shape of the dose-response curve.
1A.Forlenza, Diniz, Radanovic, et al. Disease-modifying properties of longterm lithium treatment for amnestic mild cognitive impairment: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 198:351 – 356 (2011).
LITHIUM AS AN ESSENTIAL NUTRIENT
A 2012 paper2 provided detailed information on the presence of lithium in drinking water and vegetation and on
its essentiality in a large number of animal and human
studies.
The review reported that there is a wide variation in
the amount of lithium found in drinking water, spring
water, spa water and bottled water. One study of 132
brands of bottled water from 28 countries found lithium
concentrations ranging over 5 orders of magnitude (from
0.057 to 5,460 µ/l. “Li concentrations of 8.7 mg/l and of
>9 mg/l have been reported for the Friedrich-Quelle, a famous spring in Baden-Baden/Germany, and for the spa
water in Pompeya/Argentina, respectively.”2
“The long-term consumption of low-Li drinking
water is regarded as a risk factor for higher incidences
of suicides, homicides, and crimes as shown in several
studies. For example, in 24 counties in Texas/USA with
a total population of 6 million (>60% of the state population), during a 2-year study (1967 – 1969), a significantly inverse relationship between (1) Li concentration
of local drinking water, (2) Li concentrations of the urine
among the respective residents, and (3) mean annual
rainfall amounts in the respective county sites and (1)
state mental hospital admission rates, (2) admitting rates
for four major mental disorders (psychosis, neurosis,
schizophrenia, personality problems), (3) homicide
rates, and (4) road distance from resident county to nearest state mental hospital was found (p≤0.05 to <-0.001).
The Li levels in drinking water were classified into 4
groups: <11.0; 11.0 – 29.9, 30.0 – 69.9; >70.0 µg/l.”1
A second study reported in the review2 included 27
counties and lasted for 10 years (1978 – 1987) and
found that that the incidence rates of suicide, homicide,
and rape were significantly higher in counties whose
drinking water contained low (0-12 µg/l) and medium
(13-60 µg/l) lithium concentrations than in counties
whose drinking water had high Li concentrations (79 –
160 µg/l)(p<0.01). They also found associations with
the rates of robbery, burglary, and theft significant at
p<0.05. These are really remarkable differences that
suggest improved mental function with low dose
lithium.
On the basis of these and many other studies, the basic
requirement of lithium in humans has been assessed at 1
µg/kg body weight/d in humans derived from intake data
in Germany, thus, the lithium requirement for an adult of
24
L IFE enhancement
MAY 2015
70 kg body weight would be 70 µg/d. In another assessment study, Schrauzer suggested a provisional recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of 1 mg lithium/day for
an adult of 70 kg body weight.3
REFERENCES
2. Evaluation of beneficial and adverse effects on plants and animals following lithium deficiency and supplementation, and on humans following
lithium treatment of mood disorders. Trace Elem Electrolytes. 29(2):91112 (2012).
3. Schrauzer. Lithium: occurrence, dietary intakes, nutritional essentiality. J
Am Coll Nutr. 21:14-21 (2002).
Lithium at Therapeutic Doses Protects Neurons
Robustly Against NMDA-induced Excitotoxicity
In another study,4 lithium at therapeutic doses in cultured
cerebellar granule cells from 8 day old Sprague Dawley
rats pretreated with lithium chloride for 6 – 7 days and
then exposed to 100 µM of glutamate for 24 hours. Preincubation of the cultures with 2mM lithium chloride for 7
days markedly protected the neurons against glutamateinduced excitotoxicity. Although significant protection
was detected at 0.5 µM lithium, the maximal effect detected in this study occurred at 3 µM.
Of course, the therapeutic dose of lithium is far higher
than that in commercially available high lithium containing mineral water or tap water with naturally high levels
of lithium. We are stunned by the findings reported in the
study above of protection against cognitive decline in AD
patients over 15 months from only 300 µg per day.
Also, see Will Block’s review of other papers on lithium
in brain health (“Can Lithium Benefit Brain Health?” in
the June 2004 issue of Life Enhancement.)
1. Nunes, Viel, and Buck. Microdose lithium treatment stabilized cognitive
impairment in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Curr Alzheimer Res.
10:104 – 7 (2013).
4. Nonaka, Hough, Chuang. Chronic lithium treatment robustly protects
neurons in the central nervous system against excitotoxicity by inhibiting
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated calcium influx. Proc Natl Acad
Sci U S A. 95:2642 – 47 (March 1998).
Lithium, an Essential Nutrient, Has Neuroprotective
Effects at Low Dosage
Lithium salts act as a drug at high doses, but act as a neurologically beneficial essential nutrient at much much
smaller amounts.
First, a brief description of the very high dose medical
use of lithium — it can be effective as a drug treatment for
manic-depressive (or bipolar) illness. It provides nearly
complete protection against attacks in about 1⁄3 of bipolar
patients, improved symptoms in another 1⁄3, and is ineffective in the remaining 1⁄3.A However, the treatment of
bipolar illness requires high doses of lithium, close to the
toxic dose. The clinically effective dose range is 0.6 – 1.0
µM serum level, while the toxic level begins at about 1.2
µM or greater. Symptoms in the dose range of 1.2 – 2.0
µM are said to be usually mild and to seldom cause death
or permanent neurological damage.1 Lithium is excreted
via the kidneys or in sweat. Because the toxic dose is not
much higher than the therapeutic dose and because prolonged exposure to serum levels of 2µM or greater may
cause liver and kidney damage,1 though, it is necessary
for those receiving pharmacological doses for bipolar disorder to receive periodic blood tests to ensure the lithium
blood levels remain in the therapeutic range and that liver
and kidney functions remain normal.
What is more interesting to us than its use at the highest level that is tolerable before toxic effects ensue is what
lithium does at low doses, a dose so low that it would NOT
be an effective treatment for bipolar disorder and, hence,
the mechanisms of its actions may differ from those that
take place at a high dose. It is particularly interesting in
light of the fact that, as mentioned above, lithium at small
amounts has been found to be an essential mineral with a
suggested RDA of 1 mg/day for a 70 kg adult human.
Lithium in Spring Water Reported to Be Positively
and Significantly Associated with Brain-Derived
Neurotrophic Factor
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important
growth factor involved in many cognitive processes including learning and memory, emotional processes, and sometimes psychopathological conditions such as addiction.
The effect depends on the
specific tissue in which
the BDNF is released, the
conditions under which it
is released, and the
dosage released.
In a study of 43
Japanese subjects who
did not have psychiatric
dysfunction, the participants drank 3.64 liters of
spring water from two
springs, one of which contained 6.1 mg/liter of lithium
and the other contained 15.7 mg/liter, much lower than
lithium in clinical use (900 to 1800 mg/day of lithium
carbonate, containing 170 – 340 mg lithium/day) but at
much higher levels than generally contained in lithiumcontaining tap water (generally much less than 1
mg/liter). Their serum lithium levels increased from
0.026 to 0.073 mEq/L, a much lower level than if they
had been treated with bipolar treatment levels of lithium.
The results of a Profile of Mood States indicated that most
ratings were significantly improved (though whether this
was caused by lithium is unclear — the authors suggested it could possibly be a placebo effect). More interestingly, however, serum lithium levels were significantly
and positively associated with BDNF levels. BDNF was
also negatively and significantly associated with changes
in the State-Trait of Anxiety Inventory scores. The researchers cited an earlier study in which lithium had been
reported to increase BDNF levels. As thisB was a small
open (no blinding, no placebo control) study, the authors
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rightly noted that further studies are needed to confirm
these findings.
German studies have reported the effects of lithiumdeficient diets in animals such as goats, pigs, cattle,
broiler chickens, and rats.C For example, one such study
of a 13 year investigation with lithium-deficient goats reported that 41% of the lithium-deficient goats but only
7% of the controls (lithium adequate) died during the
first experimental year indicating a highly significant difference (p<0.001) between
the
groups.
Moreover, by the end of
the third experimental
year, all lithium-deficient goats had died, but
18% of the controls were
still alive.C
The same paperC also
described the analyses of
various types of bottled
water that included
spring water, mineral waters, etc. from 28 countries finding
that natural lithium concentration varied over 5 orders of
magnitude, from 0.057 to 5,460 mg/l. The waters of the
Friedrich-Quelle, a famous curative spring in Baden-Baden,
Germany, were reported to be 8.7 mg/l. The upper crust of
European society visits there for restorative effects. While
there, visitors are encouraged to drink only the spring water.
Few data are available on what mechanisms are
operative at the very low doses of lithium (except possibly
for an increase in BDNF, as discussed above) as compared
to mechanisms that help explain the therapeutic effects
of high dose lithium in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
Lithium has been reported to inhibit phosphatases in
both plant and animal cells but we didn’t find any specific
data on how this might be involved in (for example)
suicide or homicide rates.
Lithium is reported to have a small ionic radius that results in lithium having the highest electronegativity and
strongest polarization power among all alkali metal ions and
is said to have a relatively large stable radius of the hydrated
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MAY 2015
25
ion.C The implications of all this obviously bears upon its
biological effects. We await with great interest an elaboration
of the effects of lithium that provide mechanistic data explaining its biological properties. In the meantime, lithium
is an essential nutrient, appears safe to use at low doses, is
very inexpensive, and is available without a prescription!
A. Young. Review of lithium effects on brain and blood. Cell Transplant.
18:951 – 75 (2009).
B. Shiotsuki et al. Drinking spring water and lithium absorption: a preliminary study. German J Psychiatry. 11:103 – 6 (2008).
C. Schafer. Evaluation of beneficial and adverse effects on plants and animals following lithium deficiency and supplementation, and on humans following lithium
treatment of mood disorders. Trace Elem Electrolytes. 29(2):91 – 112 (2012).
Possible Life Extending Effects of Low Dose Lithium
A large epidemiological studyD has reported that there was
an inverse correlation between drinking water lithium
concentrations and all-cause mortality in 18 neighboring
Japanese municipalities with a total population of
1,206,174 people. The researchers also found that,
lithium chloride at a similar dose to that ingested by the
humans in their drinking water, extended lifespan in C.
elegans.D
The authorsD adjusted the mortality data for suicide
rates (as higher levels that would still be considered low
dose lithium has already been found to be associated with
reduced suicide rate) and found that overall mortality rate
was still inversely associated with tap water lithium levels.
In the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, mortality in
populations exposed to 10 µM of lithium chloride was reduced, while roundworms exposed to 1 µM of lithium
chloride showed no effect on mortality rate. These results
are consistent with a possible life extending effect of low
dose lithium. A dose of 6 mg/day of lithium for an adult
human is higher than the lithium level found to be effective in the roundworms.
Chronic Supplementation with Low Dose Lithium May
Protect Against Ischemic Damage as Occurs in Stroke
A further study of low dose lithiumE reports neuroprotective effects in a rat model of ischemia (inducing ischemia
by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 90 minutes followed by reperfusion). The experimental animals received
lithium at 1 mmol/kg (given subcutaneously) for 14 days
prior to middle cerebral artery occlusion and then 2 days
following. Lithium chloride significantly reduced the infarct volume (number of cells killed by the procedure) by
32.7% compared to the animals receiving vehicle containing no lithium. The chronic treatment with low-dose
lithium increased the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and reduced the expression of the apoptoticinducing proteins p53 and Bax. The low dosage
administered to the experimental animals here was about
six times higher than would be ingested from a single
serving of our lithium capsules (6 mg per cap).
REFERENCES
D. Zarse et al. Low-dose lithium uptake promotes longevity in humans and
metazoans,” Eur J Nutr. 50:387 – 389 (2011).
26
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MAY 2015
E. Xu et al. Chronic treatment with a low dose of lithium protects the brain
against ischemic injury by reducing apoptotic death,” Stroke. 34:1287 –
1292 (2003).
Neuroprotective Effects of Chronic Low Dose Lithium
in Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice
Considering the high number of automobile accidents
and falls resulting in injury or death in the U.S. every year,
it would be expected that many incidents of traumatic
brain injury occur. The sequelae of such injuries may take
place over a period of time and may not receive timely or
adequate treatment to prevent temporary (or even permanent) cognitive dysfunction. It is of
considerable interest,
therefore, to find that,
as reported in a recent
paper,F chronic low
dose lithium can provide substantial protective effects against a
negative outcome in
traumatic brain injuries, at least as
demonstrated in a
mouse model. Since the mechanisms responsible for the
damaging effects of such injuries are very similar for mice
and men, we consider low dose lithium to be plausibly
protective against brain damage, as could occur in a car
accident or a fall.
SIDEBAR: In fact, falls are becoming much more common as the population ages and can result in considerable disability or even death as a result of brain damage.
Sandy’s mother and father both died as a result of falls,
so even at 85 (her mother) and 91 (her father) they might
have lived on for years had they not fallen. Her mother
died of a neck fracture after falling, while her father died
of a stroke resulting from brain damage induced by a fall.
We reported earlier (in Vol. 6 No. 3 of the June 2003
issue of this newsletter) the results of a human clinical
trial of 122 elderly women in a geriatric long-stay care
facility, that receiving 1200 mg calcium plus 800 IU of
cholecalciferol (vitamin D) per day over 12 weeks resulted in 49% reduction in falls as compared to calcium
alone!*
As the authors of the paper explain, the initial mechanical damage in traumatic brain injury results in bloodbrain barrier disruption, cerebral edema, and subsequent
increase in intracranial pressure. Later, the secondary effects emerge as a result of an inflammatory response with
the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the subsequent death of neurons. Cognitive deficits may linger.
The mice were treated daily for 2 weeks with 1
mmol/kg of lithium chloride by intraperitoneal injection
and then, under deep anesthesia, were subject to a “controlled cortical impact” to simulate the result of an accidental traumatic brain injury. The researchers found that
the animals receiving low dose lithium had significant reduction of loss of hemispheric brain tissue and lesion volume as compared to saline treated controls also subject to
traumatic brain injury but receiving no lithium. Low dose
lithium also attenuated the learning and memory deficits
resulting from the experimental brain injury (as assessed
by how long it took the animals to find the hidden platform in the Morris Water Maze).
The authorsF conclude that “[t]aken as a whole, these
observations suggest lithium may be a beneficial ‘preventive’ therapeutic approach for reducing the neuronal degeneration and related behavioral dysfunction associated
with neurodegenerative illnesses.”
We are personally aware of the extent of cognitive
deficits that can ensue following a vehicular accident as a
result of what happened to a longtime dear friend of ours. She had
been involved in a serious accident
while riding a bus and has never
been the same since then, a few years
later. Since we knew her well before
the accident, the changes were very
clear to us, that she has problems
now with learning and memory that
she didn’t have before and overall a
substantial decline in her quality of
life. She constantly needs reminding
of things, even while keeping extensive lists to try to remember. We
don’t know how much of this could
have been prevented by regular low
dose lithium taken before the accident, but we certainly wish she’d had
the chance to find out.
REFERENCE
F. Zhu et al. Neuroprotective effect and cognitive outcome of chronic
lithium on traumatic brain injury in mice. Brain Res Bull. 83:272 – 7
(2010).
* Bischoff et al. Effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on falls:
a randomized controlled trial. J Bone Miner Res. 18(2):343 – 51 (2003).
Daily Injections of Low Dose Lithium for 14 or 28 Days
in Wistar Mice Resulted in Increased Size of Neurons
and a Denser Dendrite Network
Finally, a paper partly in French and partly in English reported interesting effects of low dose lithium (80 ng/kg
lithium carbonate) in the brain cortex of mice: larger neurons and a denser dendrite network.G These changes remind us of those observed (via fMRI) in the brains of
humans receiving lithium at therapeutic levels for bipolar
disorder, where brain grey matter volume is increased
after 4 weeks of treatment. The increased volume (about
3%) was observed in 8 out of the 10 patients studied.H
Here’s To Your Health With Beer, the Drink
Recommended by Benjamin Franklin!
New and very convincing evidence for the health benefits
of moderate drinking of beer appears in a recent paper.1
Read it just before you take that nice cold one out of your
refrigerator and feel the goodness as it passes into your
gastrointestinal tract in the service of your health. Have
another cold one if you like. Then have a nice day!
If you recall, Benjamin Franklin was the Founder who
expressed a wish to have his body preserved in a vat of
wine for later revival to see how the U.S. fared. Perhaps,
had he known the results of this study, he might have considered being preserved in a vat of beer.
In this study,1 researchers investigated whether moderate drinking of beer would provide protection against
coronary artery disease. The lucky
(well, not so lucky because they
had induced heart attacks and were
later “sacrificed” for the purpose of
examining their heart and other organs) participants were 30 month
old commercial female pigs weighing about 35 kg, who were randomly distributed to receive
during 10 days, a Western hypercholesterolemic diet, same diet +
low beer intake (12.5 g
alcohol/day; about 1 bottle/day),
same diet plus moderate beer intake (25 g alcohol/day; about 2
bottles/day) or the same diet + alcohol-free moderate beer intake
(same amount of beer as the moderate beer intake but without alcohol). All groups contained 7 pigs except for the group
receiving only the Western hypercholesterolemic diet
(no beer), which contained 9 pigs. This is a particularly
interesting study for the use of pigs as subjects. Pigs have
a gastrointestinal tract very much like humans (both are
omnivores) but are not usually used as subjects in nutritional studies because pigs cost a lot more than rats or
mice do. The pigs received their beer split into two portions, taken in the morning and in the evening with their
chow.
G. Neiri et al. Effects of low doses of Li carbonate injected into mice. Functional changes in kidney seem to be related to the oxidative status. C R
Biol. 331:23 – 31 (2008).
H. Moore et al. Lithium-induced increase in human brain grey matter. The
Lancet. 356:1241 – 2 (2000).
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All the animals were, after ten days on the diet plus
beer, subject to a process whereby, under anesthesia, they
had a heart attack induced by 90 minutes of total balloon
occlusion of the mid-left anterior descending coronary
artery. Then, 21 days after this induced heart attack, the
animals were all killed for examination.
RESULTS: First, there were no deaths among the pigs
receiving beer, while two control animals died from refractory ventricular fibrillation during the induction of
the heart attack.
2. ARRYTHMIA — Animals required cardioversion
after the induced heart attack to control arrhythmia. Cardioversion was required in 6 out of 7 survivors of the
control Western diet group, 5 out of 7 of the diet + alcohol-free moderate beer, 2 out of 7 in the diet + low beer
intake, and 1 out of 7 in the diet + moderate beer intake
group.
3. REDUCED SCAR FORMATION — The scar size
was significantly lower (about 50% less) in the alcoholbeer fed animals as compared to the Western diet only
control group. There was a trend toward reduction in the
animals receiving alcohol free moderate beer, which did
not reach significance.
4. GENETIC CHANGES — All beer-fed animals were
reported to have an almost twofold increase of Sirt-1 gene
expression (reflecting a protective effect against cell
death) and a six-fold decrease in active caspase-3 (reflecting reduced cellular apoptosis) in the ischemic cardiac
region.
5. CHANGES IN COLLAGEN DEPOSITION IN
SCAR TISSUE — Matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9) activity was fourfold decreased in the beer-fed animals. This
reflects a favorable change in the deposition of collagen
in scar tissue, with a reparative level induced but excessive fibrosis reduced by the lower level of MMP9.
6. IMPROVEMENT OF HEART PERFORMANCE —
“... both intergroup and intra-animal analysis revealed a
significant improvement in global cardiac performance
(LVEF) in beer-fed animals as compared to HC [Westernized hypercholesterolemic diet] controls.1
7. INCREASED HDL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY —
Beer intake improved HDL antioxidant potential and, in
fact, the HDL from beer-fed animals continued to have
protective activity against LDL oxidation. The same authors reported observing that moderate (25 g
alcohol/day) and regular beer intake for 31 days was associated with an increase in HDL plasma levels.
8. BEER-INDUCED ACTIVATION OF CARDIAC
AMPK AND ITS DOWNSTREAM EFFECTOR eNOS —
The researchers suggested that these effects, also observed
in the pig beer study1 may have contributed to the protection seen in the infarcted myocardium.
These are very impressive results. It is nice to know
that that nice cold beer waiting for you at home in your
refrigerator supplies you with such a terrific package of
benefits for your health. (The subjects in this study were
28
L IFE enhancement
MAY 2015
female pigs; we would expect similar but not necessarily
exactly the same beneficial effects in male pigs. We would
also expect similar benefits in humans.)
1. Vilahur, Casani, et al. Intake of fermented beverages protect against acute
myocardial injury: target organ cardiac effects and vasculoprotective effects. Basic Res Cardiol. 107:291 (2012).
ALL NATURAL ANTIMICROBIAL IN FOOD
PRESERVATION
Killing Food-borne Pathogens with Liquid Smoke
Estimated Episodes of Foodborne Illness in the U.S.
Two lengthy recent review papers1,2 on foodborne illness
report that each year 31 major pathogens caused an estimated 9.4 million episodes of foodborne illness, with
55,961 hospitalizations and 1,351 deaths. In addition to
that, there were another 38.4 million estimated episodes
(90% credible interval 19.8 to 61.2 million) of domestically derived foodborne illnesses caused by unknown or
unspecified agents, resulting in another 71,878 hospitalizations. When you include known agents not known to
be transmitted in food and microbes, chemicals, or other
substances in food that might transmit disease, you end
up with even more. Clearly, the burden on stricken individuals and overall social costs of these illnesses are immense. Data were derived from multiple sources. For
example, the authors1 estimated total deaths caused by
acute gastroenteritis by using multiple cause-of-death
data from the National Vital Statistics System (2000 –
2006).
Liquid Smoke As An All-Natural Antimicrobial for Preventing Foodborne Illness
In addition to adding a very pleasant taste and aroma to
food at appropriate concentrations, liquid smoke is reported3 to be an effective way
to kill many common foodborne pathogens.
Liquid smoke is made
commercially by condensing
smoke from various types of
wood (as chips or sawdust)
using a controlled process of
minimal oxygen pyrolysis.
The gases released in the
process are chilled in condensers, which liquefies
them. Then the liquid smoke
is forced through refining vats
and filtered to remove toxic
and carcinogenic impurities such as polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAH). The paper3 reports that although
PAH are highly toxic, they also have very low water solubility allowing for relatively easy removal by liquid smoke
manufacturers.
Different types of wood result in liquid smoke with
varying degrees of microbicidal activity against particular
pathogens. There were a lot of details3 concerning the use
of liquid smoke to treat various types of food. Incorporating liquid smoke in a food product such as frankfurters
at 2.5%, 5%, or 10% wt/wt in Zesti Smoke, a branded liquid smoke, suppressed the growth of Listeria but at 10%
liquid smoke sensory taste panels rated the frankfurters
as somewhat less acceptable than lower concentrations of
liquid smoke. The treatment of meats (by infusing them
with liquid smoke, for example) intended to be frozen for
a period of time appears to be the most likely use by consumers as exposure of the food to the liquid smoke for an
extended period would appear necessary to get the microbicidal effects. Generally cooking meat to a high
enough temperature would eliminate the need for microbicides, but it is probably more common than not for consumers to fail to use a thermometer to ensure reaching an
adequate temperature for a long enough period of time to
eliminate the microbes.
1. Scallan et al. Foodborne illness acquired in the United States — Unspecified agents. Emerg Infect Dis. 17(1):16 – 22 (2011).
2. Scallan et al. Foodborne illness acquired in the United States — Major
pathogens. Emerg Infect Dis. 17(1):7 – 15 (2011).
3. Lingbeck et al. Functionality of liquid smoke as an all-natural antimicrobial in food preservation. Meat Sci.97:197 – 206 (2014).
Weight and the Perception of Sexual Attractiveness
People are rightfully concerned about their weight and
body composition, especially lean vs. fat tissue weight, as
it relates to health. But
we wonder how many
women would be even
more interested in how
men perceived their sexual attractiveness from
the point of view of their
body shape and weight.
(Men might be interested in how women —
or other men — perceived their sexual attractiveness based on similar considerations, but we have data just on the perception of
attractiveness of women by men.)
The data come from an interesting little study published in the Aug. 15, 1998 The Lancet.1
The first consideration is that, from the point of
view of reproductive potential, we would expect
that the more fertile a woman’s build appears
to be, the more likely she is to appear sexually
attractive to a man. Therefore, the researchers
began with an impression that the waist/hip ratio would
be of particular importance for sexual attractiveness, with
a ratio of 0.7 (curvaceous) being the most attractive
waist/hip ratio for a woman.
The researchers, therefore, gave 40 male undergraduates color frontal views of 50 women to rate for sexual atCALL 800-543-3873
tractiveness. They then drew ten women from each of the
body-mass index categories: emaciated (<15 kg/m2), underweight (15 – 19 kg/m2, normal (20 – 24 kg/m2, overweight (25 – 30 kg/m2) and obese (>30 kg/m2). Within
each of the body mass index categories the women had
different waist/hip ratios, typically ranging from 0.68 to
0.90. The sexual attractiveness ratings were significantly
explained by body-mass index and waist/hip ratio, but the
magnitude of the effect differed strikingly and perhaps
surprisingly. Body-mass index accounted for 73.5% of
variance, whereas waist/hip ratio accounted for only
1.8%. In this particular study, body-mass index came out
by far as the most important factor in determining sexual
attractiveness, with the authors rating it as a good predictor of health and reproductive potential.
The curve for attractiveness rating vs. body-mass index
showed a peak at about 21 kg/m2.
Even the “bust/hip” ratio (hourglass figure) did not
contribute significantly to attractiveness ratings more than
body-mass index and waist/hip ratio alone.
REFERENCE
1. Tovee, Reinhardt, et al. Optimum body-mass index and maximum sexual
attractiveness. The Lancet. 352:548 (1998).
Dip In Affluent Consumers’ Spending in 4TH Quarter
of 2014 Shows Sharp Drop in Confidence Among the
Most Well-Off
Unity Marketing conducted a survey from Oct. 9 – 15,
2014 among 1,330 affluents, which includes those with
household income of $100,000 and above. The survey
showed a drop in affluent consumer confidence of 12.3
points to 46.4, the lowest mood since Quarter 4 of 2008
to Quarter 1 of 2009. Since the affluent households represent only 20% of U.S. households (24.5 million out of
122.5 million) but account for more than 40% of all consumer spending, this is a very major decrease. The demographics of this survey sample was an average income of
$259,000 and average age of 47.9 years.
The sort of goods and services surveyed include art galleries, craft stores, home
stores such as Restoration Hardware,
Crate & Barrel, IKEA, fashion and
clothing, jewelry, and general merchandise such as Macy’s, Target,
Costco, Bloomingdale, JC Penney’s.
This is the sort of marketing survey
conducted to help companies follow the
sales of products they offer or are thinking of offering, not a survey for
the general public. The purpose
of the survey is not political,
e.g. to point fingers at anybody,
but to help marketers decide
what is selling and who is buying.
1. Danziger. Five Luxe Trends for 2015. Luxury Consumption Index. Unity
Marketing. http://www.unitymarketingonline.com/ cms/uploads/white_papers/five_key_luxury_market_trends_final_new.pdf. Accessed April 30,
2015.
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MAY 2015
29
New findings for anyone who’s aging
Can Brain Arginine Reduce Alzheimer’s?
— Dr. Joyce Block
See this month’s article on page 4
Across
The fundamental features of AD are amyloid deposition, hyperphosphorylated and aggregated tau, behavioral changes, and
age-dependent hippocampal ______ loss. Clue: nerve cell (adj.)
8. Oral arginine supplementation has been used in various studies
to improve endothelium-dependent nitric oxide-mediated
______ . Clue: the dilation of blood vessels which results in
lowering blood pressure
9. In an elderly people study with L-arginine, lipid peroxide levels
declined significantly. Clue: Is this good or bad?
10. In a study of elderly ______ , low doses of L-arginine for 3
months significantly improved cognitive function. Clue: currently
referred to as “peeps” (in some circles)
12. This article prompts me to ______ my daily nutrient intake
and to add more L-arginine. Clue: to reconsider
13. A recent Duke University study found that AD results from
______ brain immune response disturbances. Clue: changed
1
6.
2
4
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Down
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
The Duke study may represent new ______ by revealing that
specific immune cells and degradation of arginine might be
linked to Alzheimer’s disease development. Clue: progress
Durk Pearson & Sandy ______ recently wrote that there has
been considerable research on nitric oxide synthase because of
its importance in functions such as vasodilation in the body and
in the brain. Clue: best selling author, and co-founder of the life
extension research movement
Brain plaques and ______ were reduced when a drug blocking the
decline of arginine was administered. Clue: jumbles, ravels, and knots,
oh, my!!!
Durk & Sandy cite a rat study, in which “small doses” of ______ were
shown to decrease arginase activity in the brain which left more
arginine available for use by the nitric oxide synthase pathway. Clue: a
kind of morning medicine
A clinical study shows that arginine has been found to be effective in
reducing lipid peroxidation and increasing ______ function. Clue:
mental abilities
Is it a good thing for your brain to be overrun with microglia
residents? Yes or no?
A specific mouse model (CVN-AD) is an ______ species designed
to have an immune system more similar to the one found in humans.
Clue: designed
ANSWERS TO LAST MONTH’S PUZZLE
11. As a result of the mice using DFMO, the scientists saw fewer
microglia and plaques develop, and the mice performed better on
______ tests. Clue: the power to recall
12. Microglia are types of brain-______ white blood cells. Clue:
inhabitant
13. The new Duke U. finding reveals that brain immunity decline is due
to a dwindling supply of the nutrient ______ . Clue: an amino acid
that starts with A
NEW CONTEST RULES
BIGGER PRIZES
PRIZE
Winners receive $15 off your next order of $50
or more. First 3 correct entries win.
HOW TO SUBMIT
Send your answers in an email directly to me at:
jblock@life-enhancement.com
Simply list the answers in a numbered format (across and down)
Visit me, Dr. Joyce Block on
facebook/life-enhancement with
comments about your puzzle
experience.
If you are a winner and want to be listed
as such on our Facebook page, contact me
at the link above.You are to be
congratulated for the time and effort you
spent in the pursuit of anti-aging
knowledge.
We believe that self-education can add
years to your life and life to your years.
30
L IFE enhancement
MAY 2015
Life Enhancement Product Index
Bestsellers in each category are highlighted in orange • Products containing ingredients featured in articles, ads, letters and news items in this issue are shown in boldface
ANTIOXIDANTS &
HEALTH MAINTENANCE
CARDIOVASCULAR
SUPPORT
Acetyl L-Carnitine
Berberine Grape Power™ . . . . . . . . . . . .3, 8, 10
BioEnhance™ family
CholestOut II™
CoEnzyme Q10
Dr. Jonathan V. Wright’s …
InsuLife™ family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3, 8, 10
ThyroPlex™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C3, 3
CoEnzyme Q10
Dr. Richard Clark Kaufman’s …
Dr. Jonathan V. Wright’s …
NanoGlutathione™
NanoEGCG™
NanoGlutathione™
NanoResveratrol™
PEGysomal Resveratrol™
ProBone-O Drops™
NanoResveratrol™
Dr. Ward Dean’s …
InsuLife™ family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3, 8, 10
Dr. Richard Clark Kaufman’s …
NanoEGCG™
AGEless™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
BHT Plus™
Double C™
FoldRight™
Green Tea Booster EGCG Capsules™
Hydrogen Power®
Lycopene Harvest™
One-Per-Meal Radical Shield™
Party Pill II™
Personal Radical Shield™ . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Radical Shield Booster™
ShapeShifter Teas™
Stay Healthy Sodium Selenite™
SunPower Vitamin D3™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Turmeric Root Power™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
V-Shield™
Lipoic Acid
Melatonin
Mulberry MetaMind™
ResQue™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
BLOOD SUGAR
MAINTENANCE &
GLYCEMIC CONTROL
Dr. Jonathan V. Wright’s …
InsuLife™ family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3, 8, 10
Dr. Richard Clark Kaufman’s …
NanoGlutathione™
Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s …
AGEless™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Glycemic Control products
Green Tea Booster EGCG Capsules™
Lycopene Harvest™
MealMate™
ShapeShifter Teas™
Lipoic Acid
Mulberry MetaMind™
Premium Whey Protein™
Sugar XE (LE)
BONE & JOINT SUPPORT
Boswell Relief™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
DHEA Original™
Dr. Richard Clark Kaufman’s …
NanoDHEA™
Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s …
FoldRight™
Green Tea Booster EGCG Capsules™
Hydrogen Power®
InnerPower™ family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4, 9
Lithium Plus™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3, 20, 23
Lycopene Harvest™
MealMate™
Niacin Easy 200™
Omega-3 Heart & Mind 600™ . . . . . . . . .C2
On Target Magnesium Plus™
Potassium Basics™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9, 18
ShapeShifter Teas™
SunPower Vitamin D3™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
EDTA Chelator Complex™
ResQue™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Vein-Brain Tonic™
COGNITIVE
ENHANCEMENT
SmartZyme™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s …
NanoEGCG™
NanoResveratrol™
PEGysomal Resveratrol™
Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s …
Glycemic Control products
Greater Rewards™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C4
Green Tea Booster EGCG Capsules™
Lycopene Harvest™
MealMate™
Potassium Basics™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9, 18
Serene Tranquility™
ShapeShifter Teas™
Lipoic Acid
Premium Whey Protein™
ResQue™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Sugar XE
GASTROINTESTINAL
SUPPORT
Boswell Relief™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Bye-Lori™ family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19, 36
Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s …
Lithium Plus™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3, 20, 23
Lycopene Harvest™
Potassium Basics™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18, 19
Acetyl L-Carnitine
AshwaCalm™
Bacopa Vitality™
CDP-Choline
CerebroPlex™
CholestOut II™
DHEA Original™
DMAE
GENE SUPPORT
BioEnhance™ family
Dr. Richard Clark Kaufman’s …
NanoResveratrol™
PEGysomal Resveratrol™
ResQue™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
InsuLife™ family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3, 8, 10
Dr. Richard Clark Kaufman’s …
NanoDHEA™
NanoResveratrol™
PEGysomal Resveratrol™
HORMONE SUPPORT
DHEA Original™
Dr. Jonathan V. Wright’s …
ThyroPlex™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C3, 3
Dr. Richard Clark Kaufman’s …
BLAST™ family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C3
FoldRight™
GalantaMind Plus™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Greater Rewards™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C4
InnerPower™ family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4, 9
Lithium Plus™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3, 20, 23
Lycopene Harvest™
Memory Upgrade™ family . . . . . . . . .17, 22
Mind Food™ Toolkit™ . . . . . . .C2, 16, 17, 22
Omega-3 Heart & Mind 600™ . . . . . . . . .C2
Turmeric Root Power™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
GalantaMind™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Ginkgo Concentrate™
Lipoic Acid
Melatonin
Mulberry MetaMind™
Phosphatidylserine
Premium Whey Protein™
ResQue™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Vein-Brain Tonic™
Vinpocetine
ENERGY & ATHLETICS
ProBone-O Drops™
5-HTP
5-HTP SeroTonic II™
InsuLife™ family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3, 8, 10
Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s …
NanoEGCG™
FAT LOSS, WEIGHT
CONTROL, & APPETITE
SATISFACTION
Dr. Richard Clark Kaufman’s …
Dr. Jonathan V. Wright’s …
Berberine Grape Power™ . . . . . . . . . . . .3, 8, 10
Taurine ’n More™
Dr. Jonathan V. Wright’s …
CardioBeat™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
PEGysomal Resveratrol™
Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s …
ESSENTIALS
Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s …
Dr. Richard Clark Kaufman’s …
NanoResveratrol™
PEGysomal Resveratrol™
NanoDHEA™
Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s …
Stay Healthy Sodium Selenite™
Melatonin
HYGIENE
SilverFresh™ Deodorant
IMMUNE FUNCTION
Dr. Richard Clark Kaufman’s …
NanoGlutathione™
NanoResveratrol™
PEGysomal Resveratrol™
SmartZyme™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s …
InnerPower™ family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4, 9
Lycopene Harvest™
Omega-3 Heart & Mind 600™ . . . . . . . . .C2
Self-Defensin™
V-Shield™
Premium Whey Protein™
ResQue™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
LIFESPAN SUPPORT
Glucosamine Boost™
MEN’S HEALTH
Dr. Jonathan V. Wright’s …
MALE™
MaleRatio™
BLAST™ family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C3
PropeL™ family
InnerPower™ family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4, 9
ProsStay™
SunPower Vitamin D3™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Potassium Basics™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9, 18
ThyroPlex™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C3, 3
Glucosamine Boost™
Pumping Iron™
Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s …
Joint Principles™
Phosphatidylserine
Lycopene Harvest™
MelaDose™
Premium Whey Protein™
ProsShield™
SynoGlide III™
RedGidity™
ResQue™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Hydrogen Power is a registered trademark of Life Enhancement Products, Inc. Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw is a registered trademark of Durk Pearson and Sandy Shaw.
3-Way Calcium Complex™
Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s …
Potassium Basics™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9, 18
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MOOD & SLEEP
ENHANCEMENT
5-HTP
5-HTP SeroTonic II™
AshwaCalm™
Dr. Jonathan V. Wright’s …
ThyroPlex™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C3, 3
Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s …
Greater Rewards™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C4
Lithium Plus™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3, 20, 23
Serene Tranquility™ Family
SleepScape™
MelaDose™
Melatonin
Premium Whey Protein™
SleepTight™
NUTRITIONAL FOODS
Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s …
BHT Plus™
Functional Gourmet™ MCT Oil
Glycemic Control products
High Oleic Sunflower Oil™
Ineffable Essence™
Sugar XE
PET HEALTH
Dr. Richard Clark Kaufman’s …
Dog’s Best Friend Canine Core Essentials™
Dog’s Best Friend Seeing Eye Drops™
PROSEXUAL
Acetyl L-Carnitine
Dr. Jonathan V. Wright’s …
MALE™
PropeL™ family
Dr. Ward Dean’s …
ProSexual Plus™
Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s …
InnerPower™ family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4, 9
Loving You™
Lycopene Harvest™
Ginkgo Concentrate™
MacaLift™
RedGidity™
Tribulus Desire™
RESPIRATORY SUPPORT
Boswell Relief™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Dr. Richard Clark Kaufman’s …
NanoResveratrol™
PEGysomal Resveratrol™
SmartZyme™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s …
Pumping Iron™
V-Shield™
ResQue™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
SKIN & HAIR CARE
Dr. Richard Clark Kaufman’s …
NanoGlutathione™
Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s …
Inner Shampoo™
Living Hair™
Living Skin™
Lycopene Harvest™
New Feeling™
Root Food II™
SilverFresh™ Deodorant
VISION & HEARING
Dr. Richard Clark Kaufman’s …
NanoResveratrol™
PEGysomal Resveratrol™
Dr. Seymour F. Trager’s …
DinArrest™
i-C-u™
Eye D’Clare II™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
ResQue™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
VincaHear Plus™
WOMEN’S HEALTH
Dr. Jonathan V. Wright’s …
ThyroPlex™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C3, 3
Dr. Richard Clark Kaufman’s …
ProBone-O Drops™
Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s …
3-Way Calcium Complex™
MacaLift™
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PHONE ORDERS — PLEASE PROVIDE
Product List
Item
Code
MSRP Your Price
30% Off
MSRP
Key Code
Item
Code
Product Name
Product Description
3WC
3-Way Calcium Complex™
120 caps, 30 serv, 1,000 mg
Complete calcium supplement with
vitamins A, C, D, and boron
21.39
14.97
D60x50 DHEA Original™
60 50-mg caps
5H90
x100
5-HTP
90 100-mg caps
Serotonin precursor
32.07
22.45
DA90
Now with thiamine &
hyperforin
71.39
49.97
Maintain memory function
59.96
Quantity, Amount
ST-180 2 5-HTP SeroTonic II™
45 serv in caps
ALC90
x500
Acetyl L-Carnitine
90 500-mg caps
Product Name
Quantity, Amount
LEM1505
Product Description
MSRP Your Price
30% Off
MSRP
Enhance energy, mood, memory,
immune functions, sexuality & libido
22.64
15.85
DinArrest™
90 caps
Designed to support healthy hearing
structure and function
57.10
39.97
DMAE
DMAE
120 125-mg caps
Maintain attention and memory
function
14.27
9.99
41.97
DBFC
Dog’s Best Friend
Canine Core Essentials™
For hip, joint, muscle & digestive
support
57.10
39.97
142.81
99.97
DBFED Dog’s Best Friend
Seeing Eye Drops™
Sterile eye drops for your dog’s
irritation relief
45.67
31.97
AGL-LG AGEless™
240 caps
Anti-AGE formulation for prolonged better health; economy size
AGL-SM AGEless™
120 caps
Anti-AGE formulation for
prolonged better health
82.81
57.97
DC
Double C™
180 caps, 608 mg Vitamin C
Water- and fat-soluble
vitamin C, the classic antioxidant
42.81
29.97
ASC
AshwaCalm™
120 300-mg caps
Calm down now with ashwagandha
standardized to 1.5% withanolides
14.96
10.47
OE480
EDTA Chelator Complex™
480 caps
Supports healthy cardiovascular
system; with malic acid
85.67
59.97
BV
Bacopa Vitality™
90 100-mg caps
Unique brain support
20% bacosides
15.70
10.99
OEC
29.96
20.97
For multiple benefits, including support for healthy blood sugar levels
39.96
27.97
EDTA Chelator Complex™
Supports healthy cardiovascular
120 caps
system; with malic acid
100 mg EDTA, malic acid & garlic
EYE
Eye D’Clare II™
About 200 drops
Now available online
45.67
31.97
EYE-1
Eye D’Clare II™
About 100 drops
Sterile eye drops for irritation relief
24.24
16.97
FBST
FastBLAST™ 37 serv, drink
Phenylalanine with vitamin cofactors
mix, 800 mg/serv phenylalanine and caffeine for very fast mental
energy boost; citrus complex flavor
37.84
26.49
For support of proper protein folding 107.10
74.97
BER
Berberine Grape Power™
180 250 mg caps
BHT
BHT Plus™
100 caps
Oil preservative
17.10
11.97
ENH
BioEnhance™
60 serv, 360 caps
High-potency multivita/mineral/antioxidant
62.10
43.47
ENHD
BioEnhance with
DNAble™
120 serv, 480 caps
High-potency multivitamin/mineral/
antioxidant and gene supplement,
with resveratrol
74.99
52.49
BST
BLAST™ 44 serv, drink mix,
600 mg phenylalanine
Phenylalanine with vitamin cofactors
and caffeine for mental fitness™,
lemon tea flavor
38.53
26.97
BST2
BLAST II™ sugar-Free
44 serv, drink mix
600 mg phenylalanine
Phenylalanine with vitamin cofactors
and caffeine for mental fitness™,
lemon tea flavor
38.53
26.97
BSTCP BLAST Caps™ 60 serv, 120
caps, 600 mg/serv phenylalanine
energy
Phenylalanine with vitamin cofactors
and caffeine for convenient quick
29.96
20.97
MCT
Boswell Relief™ 90 caps,
300 mg Boswellia
Maintains bowel, joint, and
lung function
21.41
14.99
BL
Bye-Lori™, 30 serv, 120 caps
1 g mastic/serv
Mastic for
gastrointestinal support
44.99
31.49
BL2
Bye-Lori II™, 30 serv,
120 caps, 1 g mastic/serv
Mastic & phytonutrients for
gastrointestinal support
54.99
38.49
BLP
Bye-Lori Plus™, 30 serv,
180 caps, 1 g mastic/serv
Mastic & phytonutrients, including
turmeric, DGL & cinnamon, for
advanced gastrointestinal support
71.39
49.97
Supports normal heart function
and normal heartbeat
11.97
17.10
CardioBeat™
90 caps
Functional Gourmet™ MCT Oil Economy size
32 fl oz
GM
GalantaMind™
90 caps, 8 mg per capsule
GM-S
GalantaMind™ 45 serv, Starter size; preventive
90 caps, 4 mg per capsule
help for memory function
Preventive help for
memory function
41.39
28.97
22.10
15.47
125.67
87.97
71.39
49.97
Our Formulators
Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw ®
Formulations are highlighted in yellow
High-Benefit–Reduced Cost
CC60
x250
CDP-Choline
(formerly CityCholine™)
Supports brain function
60 250-mg citicoline
49.63
34.74
CP
CerebroPlex™
30 serv, 180 caps
Support healthy cognitive
function
74.99
52.49
CO2
CholestOut II™
30 serv, 120 caps
With policosanol and niacin for
healthy cholesterol; now enriched
with green & black tea polyphenols
44.99
31.49
CoEnzyme Q10
(formerly Heart10™)
90 100-mg caps
Coenzyme Q10
for heart health support
89.96
D60x100 DHEA Original™
60 100-mg caps
Enhance energy, mood, memory,
immune functions, sexuality & libido
35.50
D60x25 DHEA Original™
60 25-mg caps
Enhance energy, mood, memory,
immune functions, sexuality & libido
10.84
CQ90
x100
FoldRight™
120 serv, drink mix
MCT16 Functional Gourmet™ MCT Oil Great tasting flexible salad and
16 fl oz
cooking oil for fast energy & more
BR
CB
FDR120
Formulations are highlighted in orange
Where you see this symbol,
sales & discounts do not apply
Jonathan V. Wright, MD,
Formulations are highlighted in blue
Ward Dean, MD
Formulation is highlighted in purple
Seymour F. Trager, PhD
Formulations are highlighted in green
62.97
Richard Clark Kaufman, PhD
Formulations are highlighted in pink
24.85
Premier S I G N AT U R E L I N E
Where you see this symbol, sales & discounts do not apply
7.59
Other supplements on Product List are original formulations of Life Enhancement Products. Most products
from Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw and all products from Drs. Jonathan V. Wright, Ward Dean, Richard C.
Kaufman, and Seymour F. Trager, are licensed exclusively to Life Enhancement Products.
Factory Direct Prices: 30% OFF MSRP
Except for most books. Prices and discount amounts valid only from date of receipt through May 31, 2015. Not responsible for typographic errors.
32
L IFE enhancement
MAY 2015
Item
Code
GMP
Product Name
Quantity, Amount
GalantaMind Plus™
180 caps galantamine, turmeric, lithium, quercetin & more
MSRP Your Price
30% Off
MSRP
Item
Code
Quantity, Amount
Product Name
Product Description
NOW WITH HESPERIDIN
169.96 118.97
LY
Loving You™ 2 fl oz
Long-lasting sexual lubricant
The core product in Durk & Sandy’s
preserve and protect memory
function program
Complete calcium supplement with
Brain
herb
vitamins
A, C, D, and boron
Sexual support
Serotonin precursor
Natural sweetener, calorie-free,
doesn’t promote tooth decay
Now with thiamine &
hyperforin
Flour for converting
Maintain memory
function
high-glycemic
meals
to low
3-Way Calcium Complex™
Ginkgo
120 caps,Concentrate™
30 serv, 1,000 mg
90 120-mg caps
5-HTP
Glycemic
90 100-mgControl
caps
Erythritol™
ST-180 2 1.1
5-HTP
SeroTonic
lb, 125
serv II™
45 serv in caps
GCFL
Glycemic Control Flour™
ALC90 1.3
Acetyl
L-Carnitine
lb, 40
serv
x500
90 500-mg caps
GCFK Glycemic Control
AGL-LG AGEless™
Quick Flakes™
240 caps
1.1 lb, 37 serv
AGL-SM AGEless™
GCRS Glycemic Control
120 caps
Resistant Starch™
ASC
AshwaCalm™
1.1
lb, 42 serv
120 300-mg caps
GB
Glucosamine
BV
Bacopa Vitality™
Boost,™ 120 caps
90 100-mg 750
capsmg glucosamine
3WC
GK90
x120
5H90
GCE
x100
BER
GR
Product Description
Ineffable Essence™
BLAST
II™ozsugar-Free
Shaker 2.5
44 serv, drink mix
IER
Ineffable
Essence™
600
mg phenylalanine
Refill 12 oz
BSTCP BLAST Caps™ 60 serv, 120
IPP
InnerPower
Plus™phenylalanine
w/xylitol
caps,
600 mg/serv
30
serv, drink mix
energy
IES
BST2
ML
MacaLift™ 30 serv,
750 mg/serv
Supports enhanced libido
28.53
19.97
71.39
49.97
MALET
MALE™ 30 serv, 150 caps,
1.4 g arginine
Supports sexual function for
the whole man
71.40
49.98
25.67
59.96
17.97
41.97
114.24
79.97
21.39
142.81
14.97
99.97
Enables precise melatonin doses
8.50
5.95
82.81
28.53
57.97
19.97
9.17
6.42
14.96
10.47
11.36
15.70
7.95
10.99
For
benefits, including
supUpliftmultiple
your Dopaminergic
Reward
port
for healthy blood sugar levels
System
39.96
57.10
27.97
39.97
Oil
preservative
Boosts
power of ShapeShifter Teas;
90% polyphenols (50% EGCG,
40%
other) multiHigh-potency
vita/mineral/antioxidant
The ultimate healthy salad and
cooking
oil, with
tocotrienols
High-potency
multivitamin/mineral/
antioxidant and gene supplement,
Exciting new paradigm for
with resveratrol
antioxidant power
Phenylalanine with vitamin cofactors
For visual function sustainability
and caffeine for mental fitness™,
lemon tea flavor
Flavor enhancer in a convenient
Phenylalanine with vitamin cofactors
shaker
and caffeine for mental fitness™,
Flavor
lemon enhancer
tea flavor in an economy-size
refill
Phenylalanine with vitamin cofactors
Longer-lasting.
flavorquick
and
caffeine forGrape
convenient
17.10
28.53
11.97
19.97
62.10
43.47
32.81
74.99
22.97
52.49
42.81
29.97
38.53
57.07
26.97
39.95
9.96
38.53
6.97
26.97
21.39
14.97
29.96
85.67
20.97
59.97
GH releaser,
sexual,
memory,
Maintains
bowel,
joint,
and &
immune
enhancer, anti-inflammatory,
lung function
64.24
21.41
44.97
14.99
44.99
64.24
31.49
44.97
Mastic & phytonutrients for
Hair
rejuvenatorsupport
gastrointestinal
and replenisher
Mastic & phytonutrients, including
turmeric, DGL & cinnamon, for
Patented multiple insulin-function
advanced gastrointestinal support
support
Supports normal heart function
and normal heartbeat
With berberine for yet greater
Supports
brain function
functionality
60 250-mg citicoline
Now withhealthy
more chondroitin,
Support
cognitive along
with
glucosamine hydrochloride
function
54.99
14.24
38.49
9.97
71.39
49.97
67.10
46.97
11.97
17.10
85.67
49.63
59.97
34.74
42.81
74.99
29.97
52.49
LP250
CO2
Lipoic
Acid II™
CholestOut
120serv,
250-mg
caps
30
120 caps
The
Withuniversal
policosanol and niacin for
antioxidant
healthy
cholesterol; now enriched
31.41
44.99
21.99
31.49
LIP
Lithium Plus™ by
CoEnzymeDurk
Q10 Pearson &
Sandy Shaw, 90 caps
(formerly Heart10™)
with
greenneuroprotective
& black tea polyphenols
Important
support
Goes
way
beyond
Coenzyme Q10 a spa vacation
for heart health support
8.50
5.95
89.96
62.97
44.24
30.97
35.50
24.85
27.84
19.49
10.84
7.59
BL2
IS
BLP
IL
CB
IL-B
CC60
x250
JP
CP
CQ90
x100
90 100-mg
caps
Living
Hair™
pack
D60x100 Combo
DHEA Original™
60
100-mg
caps
LS
Living
Skin™
LH
4 oz Original™
D60x25 DHEA
60 25-mg caps
19.97
22.45
18.97
Mastic for
Tropical flavor support
gastrointestinal
BL
IPSST
28.53
32.07
27.10
InnerPower™
w/xylitol,
Boswell Relief™
90 caps,
30
drink mix
300serv,
mg Boswellia
& more. Cherry flavor
Bye-Lori™, 30 serv, 120 caps
InnerPower™
1 g mastic/serv w/sweet
stevia, 30 serv, drink mix
Bye-Lori II™, 30 serv,
Inner
Shampoo™
120 caps,
1 g mastic/serv
8 fl oz
Bye-Lori Plus™, 30 serv,
180 caps, 1 g mastic/serv
InsuLife™
90 caps
CardioBeat™
90 caps
InsuLife-B™
CDP-Choline
270 caps
(formerly CityCholine™)
Joint Principles™
CerebroPlex™
30 serv,120
180caps
caps
IPS
BR
9.97
14.97
7.75
Anti-AGE formulation for
Special starch that resists digestion
prolonged better health
(60% resistant), reducing glucose
Calm down now with ashwagandha
standardized to 1.5% withanolides
Support healthy blood glucose levels,
Unique
brain
support
mimicking
a low
carbohydrate diet
20% bacosides
BHT
BHT Plus™
SSTBC Green
Tea Booster
100
caps
EGCG
Capsules™
90
caps
ENH
BioEnhance™
60 serv, 360 caps
SO
High Oleic
Oil™
ENHD Sunflower
BioEnhance
with16 fl oz
DNAble™
HYP
Hydrogen Power®
120 serv, 480 caps
60 serv, drink mix
BST
BLAST™ 44 serv, drink mix,
ICU
i-C-u™
600 mg phenylalanine
120 caps
Lycopene Harvest™
Bioavailable antioxidant for
by Durk Pearson & Sandy cardiovascular health,
Shaw, 60 20mg softgels
immune function & more
LYC
14.24
21.39
11.07
Quick flakes for converting
Anti-AGE formulation for prohigh-glycemic meals to low
longed better health; economy size
Berberine
Grape Power™
Greater
Rewards™
180 250 mg caps
180 caps
MSRP Your Price
30% Off
MSRP
Inner Shampoo™ 8 oz
plus
Rootenergy,
Food II™
120 memory,
caps
Enhance
mood,
immune
& libido
Innovativefunctions,
carotenolsexuality
antioxidant,
nutrient
for improving
Enhancemoisturizer
energy, mood,
memory, the
look
andfunctions,
feel of dry,sexuality
aging skin
immune
& libido
MM240 MealMate™
240 caps
MelaDose™
90 mg
MEL-LQ
Nutritional meal supplement
for healthy weight management
MEL
60x3
Melatonin
60 3-mg caps
Sleep well, support for jet lag
MMR
Memory Rules™
30 serv, drink mix
Promotes mental energy and clarity
42.81
29.97
Convenient capsules also contain
theanine
35.67
24.97
MMRCP Memory Rules™
30 serv, 90 caps
MU
Memory Upgrade™
47 serv, drink mix, 1 g choline
Zesty lemon flavor
Choline and vitamin B5 acetylcholine
booster, supports brain function
41.39
28.97
MU2
Memory Upgrade II™
Choline, vitamin B5, taurine
90 serv drink mix
Added taurine
71.39
49.97
MU3
Memory Upgrade III™
Sugar free
90 serv drink mix
Important adjunctive product in
Durk & Sandy’s preserve and protect
memory function program
65.67
45.97
BTK
Mind Food™ Brain
Maintenance Toolkit™
1 GalantaMind Plus
1 Memory Upgrade III
1 Omega-3 Heart & Mind 600
Durk & Sandy’s full
preserve and protect
memory function program;
Costs less than if
purchased separately
MUL
Mulberry MetaMind™
60 caps
Antioxidant, healthy blood sugar,
and memory support
28.53
19.97
NSD
NanoDHEA™
120 serv, 10 mg DHEA
State-of-the-art technology for greatly 28.53
enhanced DHEA bioavailability
19.97
NS
EGCG
NanoEGCG™
150 serv, 80 mg EGCG
State-of-the-art technology for greatly 42.81
enhanced EGCG bioavailability
29.97
NG
NanoGlutathione™
45 serv, 200 mg glutathione
Possibly the most bioavailable
glutathione
85.67
59.97
NSR
NanoResveratrol™
60 serv, 100 mg resveratrol
Possibly the most bioavailable
resveratrol
71.39
49.97
NF4
New Feeling™
4 oz
Original alpha-hydroxy rejuvenizing
skin care lotion for softening and
smoothing fine lines, age spots, and
blemishes
29.96
20.97
NE
Niacin Easy 200™
180 200-mg caps
Support healthy cardiovascular function
22.81
15.97
Support heart and brain functions & 38.53
mood stability, with pharmaceutical
quality, high concentration omega-3s
26.97
O3HM6 Omega-3
Heart & Mind 600™
150 softgels
274.16 163.47
(40% Off
MSRP)
1PM
One-Per-Meal Radical
Shield™ 84 caps
High potency multi-vitamin/mineral/
antioxidant, 3 capsules/day
25.67
17.97
OTM
On Target Magnesium
Plus™ 180 66-mg caps
High bioavailability;
heart function support
20.67
14.47
PP
Party Pill II™
180 caps
L-cysteine, vitamin C and more,
detoxifier antioxidant formulation
48.53
33.97
PR
PEGysomal Resveratrol™
60 serv, 10 mg
Maintain normal heart, brain, and
gene function, and more
21.39
14.97
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
CALL 800-543-3873
FAX 775-267-1544
www.life-enhancement.com
MAY 2015
33
Item
Code
MSRP Your Price
30% Off
MSRP
Product Name
Product Description
PRS
Personal Radical
Shield™ 336 caps
High-potency multi-vitamin/mineral/
antioxidant, 12 capsules/day
71.39
49.97
PS90
Phosphatidylserine
90 100-mg caps
Maintain quality of life, memory
function
57.10
39.97
PB120
Potassium Basics™
120 1053 mg caps
Supports healthy blood pressure,
muscle mass, bones, and more
14.24
9.97
PB240
Potassium Basics™
240 1053 mg caps
Economy size
22.81
15.97
100% Natural Unflavored Premium
Whey Protein
28.53
19.97
Quantity, Amount
Premium Whey
Protein,™ 17.5 oz
PRO
Item
Code
SHSS
Product Name
Quantity, Amount
Product Description
Stay Healthy Sodium
Selenite™ by Durk Pearson
& Sandy Shaw, 90 caps
MSRP Your Price
30% Off
MSRP
Selenium in a form that
makes all the difference
7.07
4.95
SXE
Sugar XE™
1.1 lb
Natural sugar substitute; all the
benefits with none of the liabilities
19.96
13.97
SP
SunPower Vitamin D3™
120 2000-IU caps
High-dose vitamin D for multiple
newly discovered benefits
14.24
9.97
SG3
SynoGlide III™
120 serv, 240 caps
Ultimate joint maintenance with glu- 107.07
cosamine, chondroitin and rutin
74.95
Taurine ’n More™
Drink mix
TAM
The two ingredients, taurine & bromine, are considered “Essentials”
8.5
5.95
PB
ProBone-O Drops™
60 serv, 1 mg B12, 1 mg folinic
High-potency liposomal formulation
of B12 & folinic acid; cherry-flavored
28.53
19.97
Support healthy sexual function
without hormonal risk
71.39
49.97
ThyroPlex™ for Women
120 caps, 15 mg thyroid
Support for thyroid
& other glandulars
79.97
PropeL™
30 serv, 240 caps
TPXF
120
114.24
PRP
PRP2
PropeL II™
30 serv, 240 caps
Support healthy sexual function
now with lithium orotate
78.53
54.97
TPXF
ThyroPlex™ for Women
30 caps, 15 mg thyroid
Support for thyroid
& other glandulars
38.53
26.97
PSPC
ProSexual Plus™
30 serv, 180 caps
The original dibencozide, sexual
function support formulation
44.24
30.97
ThyroPlex™ for Men
120 caps, 15 mg thyroid
Support for thyroid
& other glandulars
79.97
62.97
TPXM
120
114.24
89.96
TPXM
ThyroPlex™ for Men
30 caps, 15 mg thyroid
Support for thyroid
& other glandulars
38.53
26.97
PROS3 ProsShield™, 90 serv, 270
Support normal prostate
caps; 10 mg lycopene, 320 mg
function, with gamma-tocopherol
saw palmetto and 240 mg
stinging nettle root per 3 capsules
PST
ProsStay™, 90-180 serv,
180 caps; 20 mg vitamin K3
and 2 g vitamin C per 3 capsules
Support healthy prostate function
49.97
34.98
PFE
Pumping Iron™
60 caps
Advanced iron support
35.67
24.97
PA
Radical Shield Booster™
90 caps
Vitamins B2, B3, C, and E plus
taurine, quercetin, and hesperidin
27.84
19.49
RG
RedGidity™
180 450-mg caps
Korean red ginseng to support
normal, healthy sexual function
22.21
15.55
RQ
ResQue™
60 capsules
Resveratrol at the right dose plus
quercetin for greater bioavailability
35.67
24.97
RF
Root Food II™
120 caps
Nutritional hair support with
L-cysteine and more
36.41
25.49
SD60
Self-Defensin™
60 caps
Powerful healthy immune
function support
24.24
16.97
ST-D
Serene Tranquility™ Day
with 5-HTP
Drink mix
For improved calmness &
enhanced productivity;
lemon-lime flavor
54.24
37.97
ST-N
Serene Tranquility™ Night
with 5-HTP
Drink mix
With melatonin; for improved calmness, support of better sleep, &
enhanced productivity; cherry flavor
57.10
39.97
ST-NT
Serene Tranquility™ Night
with Tryptophan
Drink mix
With melatonin; for improved calm71.39
ness, support of better sleep, & enhanced productivity; lemon-lime flavor
49.97
SST
ShapeShifter Teas™
90 serv
Special selection of teas for
healthy weight management
57.10
39.97
8.50
5.95
DEO
SilverFresh™
Deodorant, 4 fl oz
Hassle-free deodorant contains
silver citrate
TD
Tribulus Desire™
90 caps, 250 mg Tribulus
Traditional herbal libido tonic
14.77
10.34
TB
TurboBLAST II™
54 serv, drink mix,
650 mg phenylalanine
Phenylalanine w/vitamin cofactors,
polyphenols, & grape-seed extract
for mental fitness™; grape flavor
48.53
33.97
TRP
Turmeric Root Power™
240 600 mg caps
Supports healthy joints, brain
function, and much more
28.53
19.97
VTII
Vein-Brain Tonic™
180 caps, 10 mg TTFCA
Unsurpassed complete formulation
for vein & brain support
85.64
59.95
VHP
120
VincaHear Plus™
120 caps
Hearing function support with magnesium, niacin, ginkgo & lipoic acid
28.56
19.99
Nutrient for mental function
25.63
17.94
V120x10 Vinpocetine 120 10-mg caps
VS
V-Shield™
180 caps
Natural immune system support for
healthful viral resistance
71.39
49.97
WOW
WOW™ 74 serv drink mix, 1 kg
600 mg phenylalanine
Cherry-berry-flavored member
of the BLAST™ family
57.07
39.95
Item
Code
Product Name
Product Description
Quantity, Amount
MSRP Discount
as
Shown
Books & Reference Nonreturnable, Discounted as Shown
14.95
7.48
(50% Off)
Selected issues available back to
2003; plus postage
4.95
3.71
(25% Off)
1-year subscription
—
Reprints from all issues available;
plus postage
1.99
BSTC
Better Sex Through
Chemistry
Morgenthaler & Joy
BACK
ISSUE
Life Enhancement
Back Issues
LEP
MAG
Life Enhancement
Magazine
REPRINT Life Enhancement
Reprints
SLS30
SleepScape™
30 serv
Get More Out of the Sleep You Get™ 42.81
29.97
SDVD
SLS45
SleepScape™
45 serv
Economy size
57.10
39.97
BKNGRS The New Glucose Revolution Shopper’s Guide
VT1
SLT
SleepTight™, 30 serv, 90 caps
Sleep naturally, awake refreshed
18.09
12.66
SZ
SmartZyme™
90 serv, 180 caps
Enzymes for joint support and more
57.10
39.97
Life Enhancement
Symposium DVD Set
59.40
1.99
The latest cutting-edge research for
improving health and extending life
249.99
79.95
(68% Off)
Brand-Miller, Wolever, Foster-Powell,
Colagiuri
11.97
11.97
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Your choice FREE with $50 Order
14.95
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TTP
TALK
Presentation: Achieving
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Block
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These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
34
L IFE enhancement
MAY 2015
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CO
BYE-LORI PLUS ENHANCES
GASTROINTESTINAL FUNCTION
M
enhance the regeneration of epithelial cells and help
restore proper function of the gastrointestinal lining*
• By reasserting proper function, mastic can
help alleviate the discomfort of dyspepsia,
including heartburn, nausea, gas, and bloating*
In addition to mastic, Bye-Lori II contains:
• Hyperforin—found to help maintain gastrointestinal system function* • Thyme & cinnamon—found to inhibit urease activity, an
important virulence factor for H. pylori*
In addition to mastic and cinnamon,
Bye-Lori Plus contains:
• Hyperforin & thyme (as above) •
Turmeric—the root powder of the Ayurvedic
herb found to inhibit H. pylori, which causes occasional gastric upset*
• Deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL)—a licorice extract
containing no glycyrrhizic acid or glycyrrhetinic acid and
found to help maintain healthy intestinal flora*
tress is not the leading cause of stomach dysfunction—
H. pylori is. This common bug has also been found to cause
gastrointestinal upset, including gastritis.
Now something can be done. It’s simple: it’s
Bye-Lori, containing mastic.
Current research indicates that mastic may be
useful in supporting GI function and health by inhibiting H. pylori survival.* Once H. pylori is inhibited and healthy gut flora maintained, proper
gastrointestinal function can reassert
itself, naturally restoring the stomach’s health.*
Historically, mastic has been used for relieving and lessening occasional gastric and intestinal
upset.*
• Mastic may be able to help restore and maintain proper stomach digestive function* • Mastic helps
alter the structure of H. pylori, rendering the bacteria susceptible to your immune system* • By inhibiting H. pylori, mastic can
BYE-LORI
$
49
BYE-LORI II
$
49
1 g mastic daily
• 30-day supply
1 g mastic daily • 30-day supply
with hyperforin, thyme & cinnamon
™
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TO
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NOW
31
Reg. $44.99
™
38
Reg. $54.99
C
S
TI
*
NS
AS
AI
NT
™
BYE-LORI PLUS
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1 g mastic daily • 30-day supply with
turmeric, DGL, hyperforin, thyme & cinnamon
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
36
L IFE enhancement
MAY 2015
Each new day presents challenges that, if not met and overcome, may
leave you less fit mentally to control your life … to achieve your financial
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goals … to set the stage for pursuing your personal happiness.
HERE
TO
Now there’s a way to insure against the consequences of falling short of
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your goals and to offer you more control over your life.
NOW
By starting each day with a cool, refreshing glass of delicious BLAST
(or BLAST II, FastBLAST, Memory Rules, TurboBLAST II, or WOW),
Lemon Tea
you can embrace a Mental Fitness™ program that can blow away
™
BLAST
your neural cobwebs and blast away the financial storm clouds that
may hold you back.*
80 mg caffeine
Life extension scientists Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw® have developed a family of products for their own personal use based on the 600 mg phenylalanine
44 servings
idea of providing our brains with nutrient raw materials to manufac$2697Reg. $38.53
ture neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline, which provides an
adrenaline-like charge to neural
circuits.*
Lemon Citrus Complex
Concord Grape
Cherry Citrus
With these BRAIN
™
™
WOW ™
DRINKS as your daily allies, Memory Rules TurboBLAST II
38 mg caffeine
you can take charge of your
650 mg phenylalanine
80 mg caffeine
80 mg caffeine
life.
High polyphenols
600 mg phenylalanine
30 servings
2997Reg. $42.81
$
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54 servings
3397Reg. $48.53
$
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Lemon Tea
FastBLAST
™
Sugar Free
80 mg caffeine
600 mg phenylalanine
44 servings
BLAST Caps
Memory Rules
™
™
60 mg theanine
70 mg caffeine
500 mg phenylalanine
80 mg caffeine
600 mg phenylalanine
74 servings
60 servings
$
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ier L I N E
em R E
PGrN AT U
S
I
What’s the lowdown on low-dose thyroid?
According to a study conducted by James Isaacs, a
pioneering cardiovascular surgeon in Baltimore, people who
took 1⁄4 grain of thyroid over a period of 10 years had a
significant improvement in cardiovascular function.* (One
serving of ThyroPlex contains the equivalent of 1⁄4 grain
thyroid.)
30 servings
2497Reg. $35.67
2097Reg. $29.96
$
of your ENDOCRINE system
No case of mad cow disease
has ever been reported in New
Zealand, which has had
stringent controls in place since
1989 to prevent this from
occurring. As an extra precaution, we have our thyroid products
tested by an independent laboratory in the United States to
ensure that they are safe to use.
37 servings
2649Reg. $37.84
$
ALSO AVAILABLE IN CONVENIENT CAPSULES
turn back the clock
ThyroPlex™ contains
glandular thyroid, adrenal,
hypothalamic, pituitary, and
testicular or ovarian tissue.
Principal ingredients are
derived from New Zealand
livestock.
™
80 mg caffeine
800 mg phenylalanine
2697Reg. $38.53
$
3995Reg. $57.07
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Orange Citrus Complex
BLAST II
600 mg phenylalanine
$
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Research also indicates that proper thyroid
function is associated with:
• Enhanced energy levels* • Enhanced libido function*
• Improved memory function* • Elevated mood*
Who Should Use ThyroPlex?
Per Dr. Wright, this product is
for you if you have no overt
endocrine disease and are
over 40 (because this is when
all the endocrine glands are
going to start slowing down).
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Jonathan V. Wright, M.D.’s
Jonathan V. Wright, M.D.’s
ThyroPlex™ for Men
ThyroPlex™ for Women
$
2697
$
7997
30 caps Reg. $38.53
120 caps Reg. $114.24
$
2697
$
7997
30 caps Reg. $38.53
120 caps Reg. $114.24
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Life Enhancement Products’
Premier Signature Line
2555 Business Parkway
Minden, Nevada 89423
L
ife Enhancement Products’ unsurpassed commitment
to quality is evident in our Premier Signature Line.
These are premium products with signature quality that
is indicative of Life Enhancement Products’ high quality
blends formulated to meet your special health needs and
delivered to your door.
• The InsuLifes™ — for blood-sugar–insulin balance*
• The ThyroPlexes™ — for support of endocrine function
tailored to the specific needs of men and women*
• FoldRight™ — For support of proper protein folding*
• The GalantaMinds™ — superior memory and braincare
support about which astounding scientific discoveries are
still being made
Phone Orders 800-543-3873
SAME DAY SHIPPING
See Mail Order Form on page 35
Order your Premier Signature Line product today and
start feeling the benefits!
Discounts & sales do not apply to Premier Signature Line.
W
ith
CG
You Can Have a More Rewarding Life!
EG
Announcing Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s® Greater Rewards™ Capsules
Now You Can Have Greater Rewards in Life for Everything that You Accomplish
W
e are proud to introduce Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw’s new Greater Rewards capsules. One of the
principal ingredients is EGCG, a major polyphenolic catechin found in green and white tea. EGCG is
able to do many things, one of which is its ability to uplift the Dopaminergic
Reward System by inhibiting COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase). COMT is an
enzyme that degrades catecholamines (including dopamine and adrenaline/
noradrenaline). When not degraded, catecholamines can be powerful
elements for enhanced human behavior and, indeed, the pursuit of
happiness.
Durk & Sandy designed their formulation containing EGCG (and several
other important co-factors) specifically for the purpose of promoting greater
rewards and a rewarding life. Another ingredient they added to Greater Rewards is
Taurine, an amino acid that increases dopamine levels in the dopamine reward
system. Vitamin C has been found to help maintain catechin content, so it too was
added to Greater Rewards to help protect the bioavailability of EGCG. Then they included
Quercetin because the combination of quercetin and EGCG acts together synergistically to
inhibit COMT. Another ingredient in Greater Rewards is Thiamine, an essential
vitamin that induces dopamine release. Finally, there is Hesperidin for
neurogenesis, the creation of new neurons. These new brain cells can help
maintain the ability to learn throughout life and, moreover, deal with complex
self-rewarding and more youthful cognitive activities.
• Now you can get more sense of reward from the same actions, by increasing
your brain’s perception of reward
• Now you can receive more pleasure and motivation
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• Now you can increase your zest for living
TO
ORDER
• Now, just knowing you gave the right answer can provide rewards
NOW
independent of a money payment
™
• As a bonus, the combination of ingredients in Greater Rewards may help
Factory Direct Price
improve satiety by creating an abundance of dopamine reward signaling
which might help you to avoid the need for “comfort food”
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Just $
Greater Rewards can help you find greater happiness, more satisfaction, and
Reg. $57.10
enhanced productivity throughout the arenas of your life. In other words, you
Caution: Not for schizophrenics
can have greater rewards and a more rewarding life!
Greater
Rewards
39
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.