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Od]n M sajnepal@gmail.com
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5g\ .aif{e/L vfg eg]/ hf]xf] u/]/
/fv]sf] cGgkft 3/s} v08x/df
k'l/P/ w'nfDd] ePsf] 5 . vfg
cof]Uo ePsf] 5 . ufF;, jf; /
skf;nfO dflg;sf cfwf/e"t
cfaZostfsf a:t' dflgG5g\ x}g
/ < kLl8tsf ;a} cfwf/e"t
cfaZostfsf a:t' x ¿ o;
k| f s[ l ts ljklQdf vf] l ;Psf
5g\ .kLl8tnfO ufF;, jf; /
skf;sf] Joj:yf ug{' /fHosf]
g}lts bfoLTj klg xf] . tTsflng
;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu /fHon]
af“sL k[i7 & df
ljleGg
s[lif
@)&@ ;fn h]7 # ut] cfOtaf/
;fKtflxs
e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfdf !@ s/f]8
a/fa/sf] wfgsf] aLp cfjZos
sf7df8f}+ . oltv]/ wfgsf]
aLp 5g]{ a]nf ePsf] ePklg
dxfe"sDksf sf/0f k|efljt !$
lhNnfx?df wfgsf] aLp k'Ug
;s]sf] 5}g . dxfe"sDksf sf/0f
htg u/]/ /flvPsf wfg aLpx?
;d]t gi6 ePkl5 ls;fgx?nfO{
aLp clgjfo{ cfjZos ePsf] 5 .
e" s Dk k| e fljt lhNnfx?df
wfgsf] aLp ;dodf g} k7fpg
g;lsP tL lhNnfx?df cfufdL
aif{ vfBfGg cefj x'g] s[lif
lj1x?n] atfpg yfn]sf 5g\ .
dxfe"sDksfaf6 a9L k|efljt
ePsf l;Gw' k fNrf] s , bf] n vf,
uf] / vf, sf7df8f} + , nlntk' / ,
eQmk'/, cf]vn9'Ëf, /fd]5fk, /;'jf,
wflbË, g'jfsf]6, sfe|,] dsjfgk'/
/ l;Gw'nLx?df @ xhf/ $ ;o
!% d]l6"s 6g wfgsf] aLp dfu
/x]sf] s[lif ljsf; dGqfnon]
atfPsf] 5 . dfu ePadf]lhdsf]
wfgsf] aLpsf] s/Lj !@ s/f]8
d"No kg]{ ;d]t dGqfnon] hgfPsf]
5 . dGqfnosf ;"rgf clwsf/L
l6sf/fd zdf{sf cg';f/ dfu
adf]lhdsf] wfgsf] aLp cfk"lt{sf]
Joj:yf ldnfpgsf nflu /fli6"o
aLp ljhg sDkgLsf ljleGg
sfof{nox? l:yt uf]bfdx?df
;l~rt aLp ljhg ljt/0f ug]{ /
aLp ljhg sDkgL lnld6]8n] lghL
jLp Joj;foL ;+3x?;Fu vl/b
ug]{ ;xdlt e};s]s]fn] aLpsf]
cefj gx'g] atfP . e"sDk
k|efljt Pj+ cGo lhNnfx?sf
nflu cfjZos aLp ljhg
cfk" l t{ s f nlu >f] t Pj+
cg'bfgsf nflu yk !@ s/f]8
?k}ofF cfjZos kg]{ ;d]t pgn]
atfP . dxfe"sDk kZrft vfB
tyf s[ l if ;+ u 7gn] e" s Dk
k|efljt lhNnfx?df aLp ljhg
cfk"lt{sf nflu ;xof]u ug{
dGqfnonfO{
k| l tj4f
hgfO{;s]sf]n] e"sDk k|efljt
lhNnfsf ls;fgx?nfO{
cg'bfgsf] aLp pknAw u/fpg
sfo{sf nflu k|lqmof cufl8
a9fO{;s]sf] ;d]t dGqfnon]
hgfPsf] 5 .
e"sDk kLl8t ls;fgx?sf] /fxtsf
nflu & cj{ cfjZos
sf7df8f}+ . ut a}zfv !@ / @( ut] uPsf] lgsfn]sf] s[lif ljsf; dGqfnosf] ;x;lrj Pj+
dxfe" s Dksf sf/0f s[ l if
of] h gf
dxfzfvfsf
If]qdf ;d]t To;n] 7"nf] c;/
dxfzfvf k|d'v of]u]Gb|s'df/
kf/]sf] 5 . s[lif If]qdf dfq
sfsLn] atfPsf 5g\ .
rf}w cj{sf] Iflt u/]sf] s[lif
sfsL{sf cg';f/ wfgsf] aLp
ljsf; dGqfnosf ;x k|jQmf
/fVg] a] n f ePsf sf/0f
z+ s /k| ; fb ;fksf] 6 fn] o;
k| e fljt lhNnfx? dWo]
cl3 g} tYof+ s ;fj{ h lgs
l;Gw'kfNrf]s, uf]/vf, wflbË,
ul/;s]sf 5g\ . dxfe"sDksf
g'jfsf]6, /;'jf / l;Gw'nL ^
sf/0f $) lhNnfdf * cj{ !!
lhNnfsf
ls;fgx?nfO{
dxfe"sDksf sf/0f $) lhNnfdf
s/f] 8 !! nfv (! xhf/ * cj{ !! s/f]8 !! nfv (! xhf/ wfgsf] jLp cg' b fgdf
d"Noa/fa/sf] vfBfGg gi6
d"Noa/fa/sf] vfBfGg dfq gi6 pknAw u/fpg PkmPcf]n]
ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 eg] of]
;xof]u ug]{ ePsf] ;d]t
ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5
tYof+s cem} a9\g] ;Defjgf
atfOPsf] 5 . jfF s L
klg b]lvPsf] 5 . To;}u/L e"sDk k|efljt @# lhNnfx?df lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no dfkm{t
lhNnfdf kz'kI+ fLx? ^# s/f]8a/fa/sf] Iflt ePsf] afnL ljsf; lgb]{zgfnosf] k|fljlws ;+of]hgfdf
b]lvG5 kz'x?sf] Ifltsf] ljj/0f cfpg] qmd cem} ljt/0f ug{ nfluPsf] klg pgn] atfP . To;}u/L
aLp ljt/0f ug{sf nflu aLp ljhg sDkgL dfkm{t
hf/L g} b]lvG5 .
oBkL s[lif ljsf; dGqfnon] dxfe"sDkaf6 cg'bfgdf pknAw u/fpg nflu ePklg dn eg]
k|efljt ls;fgx?nfO{ /fxt pknAw u/fpg s/Lj ;z'Ns ;xh ?kdf ljt/0f ug{ nfluPsf] pgn]
& cj{ ?k}ofF cfjZos kg]{ cg'dfg ub}{ ;f] /sd atfP . ;fy} e"sDkaf6 d[To' ePsf Pj+ 3fOt]
;/sf/;Fu dfu ug]{ tof/L ;d]t u/]sf] 5 . ePsf kz'x?sf] cf}ifwL pkrfsf/ nflu @ s/f]8
ljxLaf/ s[lif ljsf; dGqfnodf ;lrj pQds'df/ %) nfv cfjZos kg]{ / ;f] /sd 5'6\ofPsf]
e§/fO{sf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] 5nkmndf ;f] lgisif{ ;d]t pgn] atfP .
#
e"sDk kLl8tnfO{ aLp ljt/0f ug{
k|ltikwf{, u'0f:t/ hf“Rg] s;n]
sf7df8f}+ . dxfe"sDksf sf/0f k|tfl8t /x]sf ls;fgx? oltv]/
cfkm\gf] v]tdf wfg /f]Kgsf hf]xf] u/]/ /fv]sf] wfgsf] aLp ;d]t
e"sDkdf k/]kl5 s] aLp nufpg] eGg] bf]wf/df k/]sf 5g\ . wfgsf]
aLp 5g]{ ;do cfO{;Sbf klg e"sDksf] kL8fsf sf/0f wfgsf] aLp
/fVg ;d]t ls;fgx? ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . ;/sf/n] e"sDk k|efljt
lhNnfsf ls;fgx?nfO{ av]{ afnL tyf t/sf/Lsf nflu cfjZos
aLp ljhg cg'bfgdf pknAw u/fpg] 3f]if0ff u/] nut} s[lif If]qdf
sfd ug]{ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?jLr k|ltikwf{ g}
rNg yfln;s]sf] 5 .
dxfe"sDksf] kL8fdf
oltv]/ ls;fgx?nfO{ /fxtdf aLp
ljt/0f ug{sf nflu ljleGg ;+:yfx? /x]sf ls;fgx?nfO{ aLp
tLj|tfsf ;fy nflu/x]sf 5g\ . oBkL gkfO{/x]sf] cj:yfdf
s[lif ljsf; dGqfno;Fu ;dGjo u/L cg'bfgsf] aLp kfpFb
aLp ljt/0f ug]{ k|ltj4tf eg] PkmPcf] 9'u+ ff vf]Hbf b]ptf ldn]
/ O/Ln] dfq u/]sf] dGqfno ;|f]tn] h:tf] t xf]nf t/ To;n]
atfPsf] 5 . tL afx]ssf w]/} ;+:yfx? eljiodf kfg{ ;Sg]
gsf/fTds c;/sf
ls;fg;Dd k'lu;s]sf klg b]lvG5g\ .
af/]df a]nd} f ;hu
dxfe" s Dksf] kL8fdf /x] s f
ls;fgx?nfO{ aLp gkfO{/x]sf] cj:yfdf u/fpg' eg] cfjZos 5 .
cg'bfgsf] aLp kfpFb 9'Ëf vf]Hbf b]ptf
b'Oa{ if{ cufl8 dfq
ldn] h:tf] t xf]nf t/ To;n] eljiodf eQmk'/ tyf sfe|s
] f
kfg{ ;Sg] gsf/fTds c;/sf af/]df ls;fgx?n] k};f lt//]
a]nd
} f ;hu u/fpg' eg] cfjZos 5 . lsg]sf wfgsf] aLpn]
b'O{aif{ cufl8 dfq eQmk'/ tyf kmn glbPsf] HjnGt
sfe|s
] f ls;fgx?n] k};f lt//] lsg]sf pxfb/0f xfdL dfem
wfgsf] aLpn] kmn glbPsf] HjnGt
tfh} 5 .
pxfb/0f xfdL dfem tfh} 5 . o;nfO{
:d/0f ub}{ cg'bfgsf gfddf jf ;xof]usf gfddf cGbw'Gb t/Lsfn]
ls;fgx?nfO{ aLp ljt/0f ug{ lbPdf To;n] 7"nf] ;d:of lgDTofpg]
b]lvPsf] 5 .
e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfx?sf ls;fgx?nfO{ wfgsf] aLp cg'bfgdf
lbg] k|ltikwf{df h'6g\ ] h'g;'s} ;+3;+:yfx?nfO{ s[lif ljsf; dGqfnon]
cfkm\gf] lgoGq0f eGbf aflx/ hfg lbg' sbfkL x'bF g} . s[lif ljsf;
dGqfnosf] dftxtdf /x]/ Ps4f/ gLlt u/L u'0f:t/Lo aLp ljhg
ls;fgsf] xftdf kg]{ cj:yfsf] ;[hgf ug'{ clgjfo{ 5 . g ls
cg'bfgsf gfddf aLp lbg] xf]8afhLsf] kl5 nfUbf s[lif If]qdf g}
7"nf] b"36{ gf lgDTofpg ;S5 .
h}ljs k|fª+ fl/s dn Sj]g yf]ª+ \ / Go" nfO{6 k|of]u u/f}+
df6f]sf] pj{/fzlQmnfO{ j9fO{ pTkfbgdf a[l4 u/f}Æ+
yfO{Nof08sf] k|ltli7t Plzof Pu|f] 6]s sDkgL
ln= jf6 pTkflbt, g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg
kl/ifb\jf6 kl/If0f k|fKt g]kfnsf] xfjfkfgL df6f]
;'xf+pbf], df6f] / jf]6 lj?jfnfO{ /f]u ls/fn]
;d]t c;/ ug{ g;Sg]
ljiffbLsf] k|of]u ug}{ gkg]{ h}ljs k|fu+ fl/s dn
g]kfnsf]
nflu clws[t
ljqm]tf
hf]zL hg/n ;Knfo;{
Organic Certified by IFOAM, ACT.Operator Code No 22152 Asia Agro Tech Ltd., Thailand
@) k"0f{r08L dfu{ ,hfjnfv]n nlntk'/
kmf]g g+=(*$!@)*%%*÷ (*$!*)&&%@
s[lif
@)&@ ;fn h]7 # ut] cfOtaf/
;fKtflxs
4
k|wfgdGqLsf] ;Djf]wgn] dlxnfx? ;fd'lxs Rofp v]tLdf cfslif{t
e"sDk kLl8t
ls;fgsf] dg 5f]Pg
sf7df8f}+ . ut a}zfv !@
ut] cfPsf] ljgf;sf/L
e"sDkdf k/L nfvf}+ ls;fgx?
3/af/ ljxLg ePsf 5g\ .
ls;fgx?n] aif]{ afnLsf nflu
tof/ u/]sf ljleGg afnLsf
aLpx? ;d]t gi6 ePsf
5g\ . TolQdfq xf]Og jif]{
afnLsf nflu tof/ u//
/flvPsf aLpx? klg k"0f{
?kdf Iflt ePkl5
ljgf;sf/L e"sDkn] tTsfn
lbPsf] kL8f t Psflt/ 5
g} csf] { l t/ vfB ;+ s 6
lgDtg ;Sg] ;Defjgf klg
a9\b} uPsf] 5 .
;/sf/sf tkm{ a f6
k| w fgdGqL
;' l zn
sf] O /fnfn] Joj:yflksf
;+;bdf ;Djf]wg ub}{ e"sDk
kLl8t If]qsf ls;fgx¿nfO{
;/sf/n] s]xL /fxt pknAw
u/fpg] ;Djf] w g u/] k lg
ls;fgx?sf] Iflt / To;nfO{ dnd
nufpg] sfd eg] x'g ;s]g .
;/sf/n] aif] { afnLsf
nflu aLp-aLhg lgz' N s
pknAw u/fpg] , dnvfb
;x' l notk" 0 f{ 9+ u n] pknAw
u/fpg] tyf e"sDk kLl8t /
dWoklZrdsf] af9Lu|:t If]qdf
dfnkf] t ldgfxf u/L /fxt
lbOg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 .
t/, oltv]/ e"sDk kLl8t
ls;fgx?sf] uf]7df xhf/f}+sf]
;+Vofdf kz'x? k'l/P/ d/]sf
5g\ . t/ To;tkm{ vf;}
;Djf]wg cfpg ;s]g . s[lif
ljsf; dGqfnon]] e"sDku|:t
If]qdf hf]lvddf /x]sf] / d[To'
ePsf kz' x ?sf] p4f/sf
nflu kz' ;] j f ljefun
dftxt e] 6 ] / Lg/Logx?nfO{
lhNnf lhNnfdf k7fOPsf]
ePklg lhNnf l:yt b}jL k|sf]k
p4f/ ;ldltn] 3fOt] ePsf jf
c+ue+u ePsf kz'x?sf]
p4f/sf nflu eGbf klg
/fxtsf nflu rfprfp afF8\g]
sfddf nufPklg e]6]/Lg/Log
cGof}ndf k/]sf 5g\ .
dGqfnon] kz'x?sf] p4f/
tyf pkrf/sf nflu ljleGg
lhNnfdf e]6]/Lg/Logx?
k7fPsf] ePklg pgLx?nfO{
sfd ug{ glbPsf] hfgsf/L
cfPkl5 s[lif ;lrj
pQds'df/ e§/fO{n] u[x
dGqfnosf k| j Qmf dfkm{ t
e] 6 ] / Lg/Logx?nfO{ kz' s f]
p4f/ / pkrf/ afx] s cGo
sfddf gv6fpg cfu|x
ul/;lsPsf] n ] z' q maf/b] l v
;f] x L cg' ? k e" s Dkdf k/] s f
kz' x ?sf] p4f/ / pkrf/df
;lqmo /lx;s] s f] s[ l ifnfO{
atfP . e"sDksf sf/0f
xhf/f} kz' x ? xtfxt ePsf]
cfz+sf ul/Psf] ePklg
kz'x?sf] d[To'sf] nut
tof/ ul//x]sf]n] k|i6
tYof+ s cem} cfpg jfF s L
/x] s f] ;d] t pgn] atfP .
pbok'/ . pbok'/ lhNnfsf]
klZrdL gu/ s6f/L gu/kflnsf
!) sf] e'Ns]sf :yfgLo dlxnfx?
;fd'lxs Rofp v]tLdf nfu]sf
5g\ . s6f/L ahf/ If]qaf6 s/Lj
tLg lsnf]ld6/ k'j-{ blIf0ftkm{ kg{]
;f ufpFdf dfemL,tfdfª, /fO{,
du/, ;'gj' f/ nufotsf ;fd'bfo
a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ 8]9 bh{g
3/w'/L a;f]jf; /x]sf] ;f] ufpFdf
ul7t ;[ h g;Ln cfdf s[ i fs
;d"xdfkm{t pgLx?nfO{ Rofp v]tL
ug{ k|l] /t u/]sf] xf] .
)^# ;fndf dfemL kfFrhgf,
du/ kfFr, /fO{ tLg / ;'gj' f/ Ps
u/L !* dlxnf cfa4 eP/ u7g
u/]sf] ;f] ;d"x clxn] lhNnf s[lif
ljsf; sfof{no pbok'/df btf{
u/]/ Joj;flos Rofp v]tL ug]{
cu'jf ;d"xsf] ?kdf :yflkt
ePsf] 5 . pQm ;d"xsf cWoIf
eQmdfof dfemLn] ;'?df tl/sf
ghfg]sf sf/0f art} afF8g\ u/]klg
lxhf] cfh Joj;flos
Rofpv]tLaf6 emg}\ a9L cfocfh{g
ug{] u/]sf 5g\ . ;d"xsf cWoIf
dfemLsf cg';f/ ;a} ;b:o dlxnf
dfq ePsf] tyf n] v k9 ug{
ghfg]sf sf/0f hDdf ePsf] art
kl/rfng gu/] / ;d" x n] k} ; }
afF8kmfF8 ug]{ u/]sf] lyof] . t/,
clxn] tLg dlxgfotf hDDf u/]sf]
/sd kl/rfng u/]/ v]tL yfn]sf]
pgn] atfO{g\ .
dxf;+ 3 sL ;fdflhs
kl/rflnsf Plnhf du/sf] e]6kl5
pgLx?sf] lbgrof{ / hLjg z}nL
g} km]l/Psf] 5 . klxn] ;d"x u7g
u/]sf] eP klg a}7s a:g], ;|ft] sf]
vf]hL ug],{ tflnd lng] s'g} sfd
x'GgYof] . t/, du/sf] k/fdz{kl5
xKt}lk5] a}7s a:g], cfocfh{gaf/]
5nkmn rnfpg] , ;Defljt
;|ft] sf] vf]hL ug],{ C0f kl/rfng
u/]/ cfocfh{g ug]{af/] lbgx'F
5nkmn x'g] u/]sf] 5 . ;fKtflxs
?kdf hDdf u/]sf] k};faf6 tflnd
lng], pGgt Rofp v]tLaf/] l;k
l;s]/ ;fd'lxs Rofp v]tL nufPkl5
dlxgfdf @) xhf/ xf/fxf/L cfDbfgL
x'g yfnL;s]sf] 5 .
du/s} ;'emfj cg';f/ lhNnf
s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, s[ifs
dxf;+3 tyf s]o/ g]kfn;Fu
;fem]bf/Ldf ;d"xsf ;b:ox?n]
s[lif ;DaGwL tflnd lbPkl5 v]tL
ug{ klg ;xh ePsf] pgLx?sf]
egfO{ /x]sf] 5 . !* 3/w'/Laf6
hDdf x'g] k};f pgLx?n] ;a} Rofp
v]tLdf nufPkl5 To;n] pTkfbg
lbg yfn] s f] cWoIf dfemLn]
atfO{g\ . e'Ns]sf] l;+uf] a:tL
l;+rfO{ljxLg ePsf / ;'Vvf df6f]
ePsfn] pj{/ gx'g] x'bF f ;a} Rofp
v]tLtkm{ cfslif{t x'g k'u]sf]
pgLx?sf] egfO{ 5 . /fli6"o s[ifs
dxf;+ 3 pobk' / sf sfo{ q md
clws[ t b] j L yfkfdu/n] ;f]
;d"xdf cfa4 dlxnfx? ldxg]tL,
OdfGbf/ / nugl;n ePsfn]
pgLx?sf] Joj;fo km:6fpbf]
/x]sf] atfP . klxnf] dlxgfd} @#
xhf/sf] Rofp pTkfbg u/]/ ljqmL
u/]sf] ;d"xn] hgfPsf] 5 . pgsf
cg';f/ s[lif ;]jf s]Gb|af6 ljt/0f
x' g ] Rofpsf] ljp $# kf] s f
cg'bfg kfPkl5 ;d"xn] ;fd'lxs
Rofp v]tL yfn]sf] xf] . Tof] ;Fu}
Rofp v]tLaf/] ;d"xdf cfa4
;b:onfO{ b'O{lbg] tflnd klg
dxf;+3n] u/fPsf] yfkfn] atfP .
otf s]o/ g]kfnsf lhNnf ;+of]hs
/xdt x';g] n] s[lif Joj;fo ug]{
dlxnfsf nflu ;/sf/ /
u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfn] cg'bfg,
k|fljlws ;xof]u, lgz"Ns k/fdz{
/ cGo y'k}| ;xof]u ug]{ u/]sf] eP
klg pgLx?nfO{ ;f] af/] hfgsf/L
gePsfn] s]o/ g]kfnn] cfjZos
k/fdz{ lbP/ v]tL ug{ k|fT] ;fxg
u/]sf] atfP .
– lab'/ s6'jfn a}/fuL
/fxt ljt/0fdf
;nf]d Plu|sNr/
sf7df8f}+ . Oh/fonL yf]k+ f l;+rfO k|ljlw ls;fgx?nfO{ l;sfpFb}
;f] k|ljlw lj:tf/df lqmofzLn /x]sf] ;nf]d Plu|sNr/ afnfh'n]
dxfe"sDkaf6 kLl8t l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf ! ;o %) 3/kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt
ljt/0f u/]s]f 5 . ;nf]d Plu|sNr/sf k|jGw lgb]{zs >Ls[i0f
clwsf/Lsf] ;d]t pk:lyltdf l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf a9]ufp uflj;
tLg3/]sf !%) 3/3'/LnfO{ rfdn, sDjn nufotsf ;fdu|L ljt/0f
ul/Psf] lyof] . dsjfgk'/sf] x]6f}8f :s"n ckm Dofg]hd]06 / l;Gw'
;dfh dsjfgk'/ ;+:yf;Fu ldn]/ ;nf]d Plu|sNr/n] dxfe"sDkaf6
kLl8t ls;fgx?nfO ;f] /fxt ljt/0f u/]sf] xf] .
s[lif dGqfnosf sd{rf/L4f/f kz' ;]jf ljefusf &@ ejg k"0f{ ?kdf Iflt
e"sDk k|efljt ;f“vd
' f ;/;kmfO
sf7df8f}+ . s[lif ljsf; dGqfno tyf o; dftxtdf sfo{/t g]kfn ;/sf/sf sd{rf/Lx?n]
zlgaf/ laxfg sf7df8f}s
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6
Veterinary service and disaster management for animals
Dr.Kedar Karki
Nepal can be considered as
agrigarian based country where
livestock play an important role
in rural economy. Nepalese
livestock sector now is moving
toward commercialization to
from mere traditional livelihood
farming. Whenever in case of
natural climaties like land slide
flood drought even in the wake
of earthquakes our main
concern goes to rescue relief
and rehabilitate human
population. Very little attention
is given to rescue the livestock
population and provide relief
material to them and recovery
those animal which get
strangled in rubbles. If we
outlook the areas affected by
current earthquake both in
urban area there were many
commercial poultry and dairy
farms were located in same way
in rural area too farmers
immediate livelihood was
depended on livestock. Much
causalty in this area can be
anticipated those animals those
might have survived are in
verge of starvation and those
might have strangled in rubble
waiting for recovery and those
might have died there carcasses
have to properly disposed. As
human population in these area
either fled themselves for safer
place no body have around to
manage this. decaying of dead
animal along with other shed
waste may pose challenge of
emerging endemic to epidemic
both in human as well in
livestock
population.
Considering the economic,
political,
social
and
environmental importance of
animals and life system of the
small holder who depend on
them in the developing
countries, one may have to
consider animal disaster
management. A disaster
management plan for animals
shall essentially include:(1)Retrospective
epidemiological study of the
disasters in the area and this
shall include,(a) Data Collected interpreted
& analyzed (i.e. information), on
the basis of which some
prediction can be made.
(b) Disaster Vignetting: is a
means by which mapping is
done on the basis of incidence
frequency
magnitude,
epicenter, vulnerable areas.
(c) Herd profile: the total
animal population (herd
number), vulnerable animal
population as per their species,
breed, age, sex etc
.(c) Community Profile, the
total population, animal owning
population their age, sex, socioeconomic status, education,
cultural distribution etc.
(d) Animals at risk; the
nature of hazard, the intensity
of impact and mortality rate
(immediate or delayed).
(e) Risk factor analyses: is
the analysis of type of risk
(identification & analyses)
(2) Action Plan : Since
following disaster, animals are
to be rescued and collected in
relief camps, the immediate
priority would be controlling
and combating disease. The
animal health component of
disaster mitigation will include
(a) Promotional herd health
care such as nutrition, pregnant
animal care, care of new-born
and young animal etc.
(b)Prevention of risk is
through vaccination, pest/
vector, control, sanitation etc.
(c)Specific therapy by way
of early diagnosis and
treatment.
(d)Rehabilitation: help
animals to recover from any
trauma or fear.
(e)Disposal of dead
animals: Carcass utilization is
one method. Many animals in
which treatment is unlikely to
be beneficial may have to be put
to sleep ie. Euthanasia ("mercy
killing")
(3) Resources Planning :
(a) Assessment of available
man power ie. Veterinary
doctors, Paraveterinary staff,
ancillary staff .
(b) Store and equipment
include the medicine, surgical
and medical appliances,
diagnostics, life saving
equipment etc.
Logistical needs : that is the
need for fuels, lighting
equipment, tents, sheds, Grass
bedding, trolleys, material for
sanitation, storage of feed and
fodder and water.
(d) Ambulance and out
reach facility:- transporting
animals is more cumbersome
when they are sick, injured and
non-ambulatory
(e) Veterinary medical
facilities as veterinary hospital,
mobile veterinary units etc.
Grazing and watering
facility.
Physical components of a
Veterinary disaster management
facility.Temporary
Vet.
hospitals.
The equipment and other
infrastructure are provided
along with stock pile of
emergency, equipment and
drugs. All veterinary personnel
may not be used at a time. It
would be important to plan
shifts to avoid mental and
physical fatigue. Early phases
would need more work force
and in all departments of
activity viz. Specialists like
surgeons, anaethesiologists
(pain mangers), diagnosticians
as well as task force like
pareveterinary personnel and
physical workers. Supervision
and monitoring would be
important and demands all
qualities of leadership (like
confidence, competence,
experience,
patience,
communication skill etc.). As
search and rescue would be
over, relief and rehabilitation
would acquire importance.
Control of diseases
Immediate task after the first
emergency, treatments are
completed would be taking
care of diseases that may
spread.
Armed
with
retrospective epidemiology,
authorities would identify
emergency diseases and
sanitation measures. This
would include digging manure
pits, drainage facilities (more
important in floods, cyclone
etc.), drinking water and water
troughs. This will have to be
simultaneously established in
hospitals, temporary shelter
camps as well as in the affected
areas from time to time and as
per priority.
For health care operations
there is a need for discipline;
public co-operation is also
essential. Animal welfare
agencies working in the areas
can help arranging stockpiles.
Media can help by providing
feedbacks from field.
Sorting out and Coordinating Help
One major natural sequel of
disaster is "sympathy out of
place" and dumping of relief
material without knowing what
is required. Some factors that
may hamper health &
Veterinary support are ,
(i) Lack
of
communication
among
officials.
(ii) Shortage of space for
operating various activities like
laboratory, Medical store etc.
(iii) Uncontrolled demand
for additional materials (this
would be more if it is felt that
any material is in short supply)
(iv) Improper or inefficient
materials like equipments that
do not operate on battery.
(v) Lack of staff trained
(Veterinary extension and
Public relation) to handle
anxiety.
(vi) Lack of after-care
facilities.
(vii) Lapses in coordination, duplication.
(viii) Absence of overall
training
for
disaster
management.
Post-Disaster phase and
Reconstruction
Apart from reconstruction
of the damaged or lost
veterinary and health facilities
one may have learned from the
experience of disaster handling,
the pitfalls in the animal
husbandry and veterinary
services. These experience
would help during rebuilding
some of the damaged or lost
facilities. Some equipments or
medicaments would also get
enlisted as per priority.
ANIMAL
WASTE
DISPOSAL
The methods of animal
waste disposal/ recycling vary
with animals. Cow and buffalo
dung is used as manure or can
be caked and dried for use as
fuel. Horse, goat and poultry
waste is also used as manure.
Where possible small manure
gas (or gobar gas) units can be
organised. Improper disposal
can enhance pest or vector
problems. Preparation of
compost or digging the manure
pit be considered. Manure pits
should be layered with dry
waste and lime regularly. During
prolonged stagnation of flood
water, duck rearing and fish
farming can be considered as
the means of pest control.
DISPOSAL OF DEAD
ANIMALS
An important problem that
has to be faced during disaster
management of animals is the
disposal of dead animals. This
poses acute problems during
floods and cyclone, as the
number of animals dying would
be enormous. Most states have
fallen animal management
programs
and
carcass
utilisation program. Admittedly,
one administrative group does
not uniformly handle these.
RESPONSE TO DISASTER:
The behavioral variation to be
considered during disaster
management of animals
Earthquake: Since in Nepal
animals are tied outside or in
thatched sheds, chances of
physical injuries are low. But
when tied or caged their
chances of escape are
minimised.
Flood: Animals are natural
swimmers; therefore can
escape drowning if they are not
tied or caged.
Drought and famine:
Meteorological or Agricultural
drought, need not necessarily
affect animals as they can
survive without agriculture.
Animal stand the stress of the
famine better than humans.
They can use most sources of
the water which may be unclean
by human standards. Dry
fodder reserves, urea molasses
licks, bricks made of fodder urea
and molasses etc. can be part
of the stock pile. Scarcity fodder
can be grown as part of the
preventive action.
COLD FAMINE: An
incidence famine has occurred
in the alpine pastures of J&K
due to unusual snow that
covered grass. The sheep easily
withstood the snow but starved
for want of pastures. Stores
were subsequently established
by storing the dry fodder in pits;
the low ambient temperature
prevents spoilage. Cold
famines are known in the snow
deserts or part of Himalayan
region; but Yaks do survive
these.
Fire, Forest fire: Animals are
more prone to fire as they are
usually housed in thatched
sheds. The practice of smoking
the sheds to repel pests is a
common practice. Proximity of
the chaff or the paddy straw
makes conditions vulnerable to
fire accidents.
Forest fire affect wild
animals and birds though many
of them are more lucky than
their domestic counterparts,
being more athletic and free to
escape from fire.
Epidemics: By and large
ethnic animals can withstand
the stress and disease, though
endemic diseases and chronic
conditions
like
worm
infestations or ticks are not
uncommon. Preventive health
care therefore assumes special
significance. Some states have
a high percentage of crossbred
animals, specially cattle whose
health perspective will have to
be considered independent of
ethnic animals.
CONCLUSION
It is suggested that the
nodal agency of the Country in
charge of disaster management
should specifically draw its
attention
to
disaster
management in animals. A
separate cell has to be
established for the purpose in
the department dealing with
veterinary service. Disaster
prevention measures and
preparedness are to be
organised by this department
with the cooperation of their
counterparts.Animal
population profile and
distribution profile should be
clearly drawn and plans for
salvaging and rescuing the
animals in major disasters like
cyclones and flood to be
undertaken on the basis of this
data.It is suggested that
agencies like Goshalas, dairy,
NGO's and CBO's are organised
in such a manner that their
services can also be utilised at
short notice for disaster
management.Relief
programmes like arrangement of
scarcity fodder, drinking water
and subsidised food be
arranged as the stockpiles
along with drugs and vaccines
required to combat with allied
disasters.The required field
staff should be kept in constant
readiness throughout the
vulnerable months of the year.
During lean period, the team
should undertake preparedness
and relief exercise to test their
efficacy and preparedness. The
epidemiological and statistical
information collected before,
during and after disaster should
be compiled and discussed
among the States of each zone
on a scheduled timetable.
Preventive actions taken or
preparedness should be
constantly monitored and
lacunae thereof be frankly
reported and corrected for
future use.
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lrlGtt b]lvPsf 5g\ . ;/sf/n] wfg tyf t/sf/Lsf aLp ljhg
lgMz'Ns lbg] elgPsf] ePklg Tof] ;dodf g} ls;fgx?n] kfpg
sf7df8f}F . s[lif ljsf; a}s
+ n] ;s]gg\ eg] cg'bfgsf of lgz'Ns lbg] elgPsf] aLp nug kl5sf]
l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf e"sDkkLl8tnfO{ kf]t x'g a]/ 5}g .
kfF r xhf/ lsnf] u | f d rfdn
ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . a}s
+ n] ;+:yfut
;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjcGtu{ t
pQm kl/df0fsf] rfdn afx|la;]df
sf7df8f}+ . oltv]/ wfgsf] aLp 5g]{ a]nf ePsf] ePklg
ePsf] ;j{bnLo hgk|ltlglwsf]
pkl:yltdf kLl8tnfO{ ljt/0f dxfe"sDksf sf/0f k|efljt !$ lhNnfx?df wfgsf] aLp k'Ug ;s]sf]
5}g . dxfe"sDksf sf/0f htg u/]/ /flvPsf wfg aLpx? ;d]t
u/]sf] xf] .
o;cl3 a}+sn] g'jfsf]6sf gi6 ePkl5 ls;fgx?nfO{ aLp clgjfo{ cfjZos ePsf] 5 . e"sDk
rf}38f uflj;df klg TolQ g} k|efljt lhNnfx?df wfgsf] aLp ;dodf g} k7fpg g;lsP tL
kl/df0fsf] rfdn ljt/0f u/]sf] lhNnfx?df cfufdL aif{ vfBfGg cefj x'g] s[lif lj1x?n] atfpg
lyof] . a}s
+ n] k|wfgdGqL b}jL k|sf]k yfn]sf 5g\ .
p4f/ sf]ifdf ? %) nfv Ps
dxfe"sDksfaf6 a9L k|efljt ePsf l;Gw'kfNrf]s, bf]nvf,
xhf/ !!! bflvnf u/]sf] 5 . uf]/vf, sf7df8f},+ nlntk'/, eQmk'/, cf]vn9'Ëf, /fd]5fk, /;'jf,
a}+sdf sfo{/t ;a} sd{rf/Lsf] wflbË, g'jfsf]6, sfe|,] dsjfgk'/ / l;Gw'nLx?df @ xhf/ $ ;o !%
tnaaf6 s§f x'g] u/L yk ? Ps d]l6"s 6g wfgsf] aLp dfu /x]sf] s[lif ljsf; dGqfnon] atfPsf]
s/f]8 k|bfg ug];
{ d]t lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . dfu ePadf]lhdsf] wfgsf] aLpsf] s/Lj !@ s/f]8 d"No kg]{
a}s
+ n] hf/L u/]sf] lj1lKtdf pNn]v ;d]t dGqfnon] hgfPsf] 5 . dGqfnosf ;"rgf clwsf/L l6sf/fd
5.
zdf{sf cg';f/ dfu adf]lhdsf] wfgsf] aLp cfk"lt{sf] Joj:yf
ldnfpgsf nflu /fli6"o aLp ljhg sDkgLsf ljleGg sfof{nox?
l:yt uf]bfdx?df ;l~rt aLp ljhg ljt/0f ug]{ / aLp ljhg
sDkgL lnld6]8n] lghL jLp Joj;foL ;+3x?;Fu vl/b ug]{ ;xdlt
e};s]sf] n] aLpsf] cefj gx'g] atfP .
e"sDk k|efljt Pj+ cGo lhNnfx?sf nflu cfjZos aLp ljhg
cfn' lng v]td} cfpg] ls;fg o; jif{ gcfpFbf ePsf] cfk"lt{sf nlu >f]t Pj+ cg'bfgsf nflu yk !@ s/f]8 ?k}ofF cfjZos
cfn' klg s'lxg yfn]sf] xf] . eQmk'/ tfynL-# ;f}8f]nsL kg]{ ;d]t pgn] atfP . dxfe"sDk kZrft vfB tyf s[lif ;+u7gn]
;flaqL a:g]tn] ePsf] 3/ elTsPkl5 kfs]sf] ux';
F d]t e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfx?df aLp ljhg cfk"lt{sf nflu ;xof]u ug{
leqØfpg gkfPsf] pgn] u'gf;f] ul/g\ . Psflt/ 3/ dGqfnonfO{ k|ltj4f hgfO{;s]sf]n] e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfsf
elTsP/ kfnsf] af; ePsf] 5, csf]t{ km{ v]tel/ ux'F ls;fgx?nfO{ cg'bfgsf] aLp pknAw u/fpg sfo{sf nflu k|lqmof
kfs]/ em'ns
] f] 5, sf6]sf] ux'F klg 3/ Nofpg] 7fpF cufl8 a9fO{;s]sf] ;d]t dGqfnon] hgfPsf] 5 .
gePkl5 v]td} /f; nfP/ /flvPsf] 5 pgsf] egfO{
/x]sf] 5 . elTsPsf] 3/ cufl8 y'kfl/Psf] cfn'sf]
/f;af6 s'lxPsf] cfn' kmfNb} gu/sf]6 gu/kflnsf-#
tfFynLsL zf/bf lu/Lsf] lrGtf klg p:t} 5 . lu/Ln]
x/]s cfO{taf/ k|sflzt eO{/x]sf] g]kfnsf] klxnf] s[lif
elgg\, æv]tdf cfn' s'lxg yfn]kl5 vg]/ 3/df NofOof],
;fKtflxssf] lj1fkg b//]6 @)&! df3 ! ut]b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L
elTsPsf] 3/df /fVg] 7fpF geP/ aflx/} /flvPsf] 5,
lgDgfg';f/ sfod ul/Psf]n] ;DjlGwt ;j}nfO{ hfgsf/Lsf
nflu of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 .
t/ 3/df klg s'lxg yfn]kl5 Hofnf klg gp7\g] ef],
Ps} k6s ljklQ cfof] xfdLnfO{ .
/+uLg
sfof{nodf Iflt k'us
] f] 5 eg] s[lif
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ s]Gb|sf] klg
Pp6f dfq ejg k"0f{ ?kdf Iflt
ePsf] 5 . dxfe"sDksf sf/0f
s[lif ljsf; dGqfno dftxtdf
/x]sf] s/Lj ! ;o eGbf a9L
ejgx? k"0f{ ?kdf Iflt ePsf 5g\
eg\ @ ;o eGbf a9L ejgx?df
cf+lzs Iflt k'us
] f] 5 .
s[lif ljsf; a}s+ åf/f
e"sDkkLl8tnfO{ /fxt
e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfdf !@ s/f]8
a/fa/sf] wfgsf] aLp cfjZos
dxfe"sDksf sf/0f ls;fg k|tfl8t
3/ elTsP/ kfnsf] af;, v]tel/ ux's
“ f] /f;
eQmk'/ . ljgfzsf/L e"sDkn] 3/ eTsfPkl5
kfnsf] af; ePsf ls;fgsf] v]tel/ ux's
F f] /f;
ePkl5 oltv]/ lrGtfdfly lrGtf ylkPsf] 5 .
e"sDkn] cfxt agfPsf pgLx¿nfO{ v]tdf kmn]sf]
cfn' / kfs]sf] ux'F leqØfpg] 7fpF;d]t gePkl5
kL8fdfly kL8f ylkPsf] xf] .
eQmk'/sf ls;fgn] /f]ks
] f] cfn' vGg lgs} xtf/f]
eO;s] klg /fVg] 7fpF gx'bF f kmn]sf] cfn' v]td}
s'lxg yfn]sf] 5 . ljutsf jif{df cfn' vg]/ ;+/If0f
ul/;Sg] eP klg o; jif{ v]td} uPsf 5}gg\ ls;fg .
cfn' vg]sfn] klg /fVg] 7fpF gx'bF f s'lxg yfn]sf]
5 . e"sDkkl5sf] nuftf/ kfgL kgf{n] Psflt/ v]td}
cfn' s'lxPsf] 5 eg] v]taf6} cfn' laqmL ug{nfO{
Jofkf/L klg cfPsf 5}gg\ . ljutsf jif{df eg]
lrtjg ldNs ;~rfng gx'b“ f lrtjgsf] b"w ljs]g
lrtjg . e"sDksf sf/0f sf7df8f}a+F f6 dflg; aflxl/P;Fu} ToxfF b"w vkt x'g g;s]kl5 lrtjgsf
;xsf/Ldf b"w kmf6]/ hfg yfn]sf] 5 . lrtjgsf] b"wsf] d'Vo ahf/ sf7df8fF+} xf] . lhNnfsf !%% j6f
;xsf/Ln] b}lgs b'O{ nfv %) xhf/ ln6/ b"w ;ª\sng ub{5g\ . h;dWo] &) k|ltzt sf7df8fFd+} f hfg] ub{5
eg] lhNnfdf & k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/L / afFsL kf]v/f / x]6fF8+} f hfg] u/]sf] b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;ª\3
lrtjgn] hgfPsf] 5 .
sf7df8f}a+F f6 b}lgs !) j6feGbf a9L lghL 8]/L pBf]u / kf]v/fsf 7"nf b'O{ ;'hn / lkm:6]n;lxt s]xL
;fgf lghL 8]/Ln] b"w p7fpg] u/]sf] lyof] . kf]v/f / x]6fF8+} f klxn] em}+ b'w hfg] u/]sf] eP klg sf7df8fF+}
e"sDkkl5 dflg; aflxl/Psf] / 8]/L pBf]usf sd{rf/L;d]t gePsf sf/0f b'w p7\g g;s]sf] ;ª\3n]
] f 5g\ eg] clwsf+z
hgfPsf] 5 . kl5Nnf] ;do b"w p7\g g;s]kl5 sltko ;xsf/Ln] ;f]em} b"w kf]vs
;xsf/Ldf b"w kmf6]/ uPsf] 5 . kx'r
F ePsf / sf7df8fF+} / aflx/L lhNnfsf w]/} 8]/LnfO{ b"w laqmL ub{}
cfPsf ;xsf/Ln] b"w vkt ug{ ;s]sf] eP klg cGo ;a}sf] cj:yf gfh's aGb} uPsf] 5 . lhNnfsf b'Uw
pTkfbs ;xsf/Ldf @) xhf/sf] xf/fxf/Ldf ;]o/ ;b:o 5g\ . tLdWo] sltn] ufO{ e};
+F L kfn]sf 5g\ eGg]
olsg tYofª\s geP klg w]/yf]/ ufO{e;
+}F L kfNg] ls;fgsf] ;ª\Vof 7"n} 5 .
b"w glas]kl5 b"w Joj;foL b"w pTkfbs ls;fg ufO{ e};
+F LnfO{ bfgfkfgL v'jfpg g;Sg] cj:yfdf
k'us
] f 5g . lhNnfdf :yfkgf ul/Psf] lrtjg ldNs pBf]u ljut s]xL ;dootf aGb /x]sf] 5 . h;sf sf/
0f ls;fgx?nfO{ emg\ df/ v]Kg'k/]sf] 5 . ls;fgx?nfO{ df/df kg{ glbg lrtjg ldNs h:tf pBf]u
;~rfngdf Nofpg' clgjfo{ b]lvG5 .
lj1fkg b/ ;DalGw ;"rgf
k[i7
k|yd k[i7
clGtd k[i7
ZofdZj]t
k[i7
k|yd k[i7
clGtd k[i7
leqL k[i7
;fOh
Po/ Kofgn
k|lt sf]nd ;]=dL
k|lt sf]nd ;]=dL
b/
?= %)))÷–
?= %))÷–
?= $%)÷–
;fOh
k|lt sf]nd ;]=dL
k|lt sf]nd ;]=dL
k|lt sf]nd ;]=dL
b/
?= $))÷–
?= #%)÷–
?= @%)÷–
;fdflhs ;+:yf Pj+ lgoldt lj1fkgbftfx?sf
nflu ljz]if 5'6sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
xa a|f8] sfl:6ª\ k|f=ln
cgfdgu/, sf7df8f},+
dfs]l{ 6ª\M(*)*!%&!$$ Od]nMsajnepal@gmail.com
lh=k|=sf=sf7df8f}+ b=g+= )^÷)^(÷&)
s[llifif
s[
@)&@
@)&@ ;fn
;fn h]h]77 ## ut]
ut] cfOtaf/
cfOtaf/
;fKtflxs
;fKtflxs
e"sDk kLl8t
ls;fgx?nfO{
s[lif ljsf;
dGqfno /
dftxtsf
lgsfo afx]s
c?n] aLp
af“8g\ kfp“bg}
) dxfe"sDkn] s[lif If]qsf s'g
lsl;dsf] a9L Iflt ePsf] 5 <
dxfe"sDksf sf/0f s[lif If]qsf]
ef}lts ?kdf w]/} Iflt g} ePsf]
5 . ls;fgx?n] leq\ofP/ /fv]sf
s[lif pkhx? klg 7"nf] dfqfdf gi6
ePsf] 5 eg] ufO{e;
} L nufot 7"nf
kz'x?sf] Iflt 7"nf] dfqfdf ePsf]
5 . of];uF } s[lif pTkfbgsf nflu
dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf] s[lif l;+rfO{sf]
elTsPsf 5g\ . s[lif ahf/x? klg
TolQ s} Wj:t ePsf 5g\ . o;n]
ubf{ s[lif;Fu k|ToIf hf]l8Psf w]/}
s'/fx?nfO{ dxfe"sDkn] Wj:t
agfPsf] d}n] kfPsf] 5' .
) s[lif If]qdf ljz]if u/L aLp
tyf kz' tkm{ 7"nf] Iflt ePsf] b]lvG5,
ls;fgx?nfO{ /fxtsf nflu
dGqfnon] s] of]hgf agfPsf] 5 <
clxn] tTsfnsf nflu xfdLn]
s]lGb|o b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ ;ldltaf6
kz'k+IfLx?sf] pkrf/sf nflu
cfjZos cf}ifwL / /fxtsf nflu
eg]/ @ s/f]8 %) nfv k|fKt
ul/;s]sf 5f}+ . Tof] /sd kz' ;]jf
ljefu dfkm{ t sfof{ G jogdf
uO{;s]sf] 5 . To;afx]s xfdLn]
cNksflng, dWosflng sfo{qmd
/fli6"o of]hgf cfof]u lgb]{zg
cg'?k agfP/ e"sDk kLl8tx?sf
nflu k]z ul/;s]sf] cj:yf 5 .
) s:tf sfo{qmdx? /flvPsf
5g\ To;df <
ls;fgx?sf] uf]7 ;'wf/b]lv
k' g { l gdf{ 0 f;Ddsf sfo{ q mdx?
5g\ . To;}u/L ls;fgx?sf d/]sf
kz'x?sf] /fxtsf nflu klg k|:tfj
u/]sf 5f}+ . To;}u/L s[liftkm{ klg
w]/} vfBfGgx? gi6 ePsf 5g\ .
To;n] ubf{ cfufdL aif{ pTkfbg
x'g] wfgafnL s'g} klg xfntdf
36\g' x'bF g} cGo afnLx?sf] klg
cem a9L pTkfbg a[l4 u/fO{g eg]
vfB ;'/Iff / kf]if0fsf] ljs/fn
;d:of x'g] b]lvG5 . To;f] gxf];\
eGgsf nflu xfdLn] wfg tyf
cGo t/sf/Lsf aLpx? klg
cg'bfgdf pknAw u/fpg], 3fF;sf
aLpx? klg cg'bfgdf pknAw
u/fpg] / dnsf] ;xhtf ;xh
cfkm"lt{sf nflu sfd ul//x]sf
5f+} . o;sf nflu cfjZos ;|ft]
/ ;fwgsf] xfdLn] dfu ul//x]sf
5f}+ eg] ls;fgx?nfO{ ;]jf k'¥ofpg'
kg]{ w]/} xfd|f sfof{nosf ef}lts
;+/rgf ;d]t Wj:t ePsf sf/0f
dGqfnob] l v ;] j fs] G b| ; Ddsf
ejgx? Iflt ePsfn] tTsfn
s;/L ls;fgnfO{ ;]jf ;xh
k'¥ofpg] eGg] Wo]o xfdLn] lnPsf
5f}+ . To;sf nflu xfdLn] s/Lj (
cj{ ?k}ofF dfu ul//x]sf 5f}+ .
) dxfe"sDksf sf/0f s[lif
pTkfbsTj 36\g] ;Defjgf w]/} g}
**8
pQds'df/ e§/fO{
;lrj
s[lif ljsf; dGqfno
5 . vfB ;+s6 / kf]if0fsf s'/f
klg 5g\ . To;sf] ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L
s[lif ljsf; dGqfnosf] ePsf sf/0f
To;nfO{ ;fdgf s;/L ug'{ x'G5 <
xf] vfB c;'/[ Iff x'g] ;Defjg
tLj| ?kdf a9\b} uO{/x]sf] 5 . of]
hf]lvdnfO{ Go"lgs/0f ug{sf nflu
s[lifdf nufgL ug'{ kg]{ s'/fx?
cufl8 a9fO{ / x] s f 5f} + . s[ l if
;fdu|Lx?sf] cfk"lt{df a[l4 u/L
ls;fgx?nfO{ ljt/0f ug] { /
ls;fgsf v]taf/Ldf k'¥ofpg]
s'/fdf k|ltj4 eP/ nfu]sf 5f}+ .
To; afx] s klg s[ l if
OlGhlgol/Ësf s'/fx? klg k|z:t
5g\ . kxf8sf w]/} ufO{uf]? e};L
d/]sf 5g\ . v]taf/L hf]Tgsf nflu
kfj/ 6]"n/sf n}hfg] s'/f klg
xfdLn] ul//x]sf 5f}+ .
) pTkfbg a[l4 ug{sf nflu
u'0f:t/Lo dn / aLpsf s'/fx?
klg 5g\ . aLp cg'bfgsf lbg] s'/f
klg cfO{/x]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ s;/L
;xh agfpg' x'G5 <
dxfe"sDksf] ljklQdf cfd
ls;fgx? kg'{ ePsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{
ls;fgx?n] ;'/lIft /fVg' ePsf]
av]{ tyf cGo afnLsf aLpx? klg
k" 0 f{ ?kdf gi6 ePsf 5g\ .
To;sf/0f klg ls;fgx?nfO{ aLp
cg'bfgsf lbgsf nflu xfdLn]
ljleGg bft[ lgsfox?nfO{ klg
;xof]usf nflu eg]sf 5f}+ . g]kfn
;/sf/n] cfkm\g} ;|ft] / ;fwgsf]
k|of]uaf6 klg ls;fgx?nfO{ aLp
/fxt :j?k cg'bfgdf pknAw
u/fpg] lg0f{o ul/;s]sf] 5 .
;DdfgLo k|wfgdGqLn] ;+;bdf
;Daf]wg u/] adf]lhd dxfe"sDksf]
clt k| e fljt If] q df aLpx?
lgMz'Ns ?kdf ljt/0f ug]{ s'/f
Pp6f 5 eg] k|efljt lhNnfdf
klg cg'bfg :j?k aLp ljt/0f
ug]{ tof/L ul//x]sf 5f}+ . To:t}
e"sDk k|efljt gePsf lhNnfsf]
s[lif pTkfbgn] klg vfB ;'/IffnfO{
6]jf k'Ug] ePsfn] xfdLn] dn aLp
;xhtfsf nflu ;'lglZrt u/]sf
5f}+ . s[lif pTkfbg a[l4sf nflu
dn klg dxTjk"0f{ 5 . xfdL;Fu
k| z :t dfqfdf dnx? 5g\ .
cfpg] qmd klg hf/L g} 5 .
xfdLn] ls;fgx?nfO{ dn / jLp
;j{;n
' e ?kdf pknAw u/fof}+ eg]
pTkfbgsf lx;fjn] vfB ;'/Iffdf
s'g} c;/ kb}g{ . t/, To;sf nflu
xfdLn] e"sDk eGbf cufj}to
u/L k|:tfj u/]sf sfo{qmdx?
s6f} t L gu/L :jLs[ t ePsf
pTkfbg a[l4 ug]{ s'/fdf xfdL
9'Ss 5f}+ . ef]nL k'g{lgdf{0fsf
nflu ah]6 s6f}tL ug]{ gfddf
s[lifsf] sfo{qmd s6f}tL ul/of]
eg] c;/ eg] kSs} cfpF5 .
) ls;fgx?nfO{ /fxt pknAw
u/fpg] gfddf ljleGg ;+3;+:yfx?n]
ls;fgx?nfO{ aLp pknAw u/fpFb}
cfO{/x]sf] klg ;'Ggdf cfPsf] 5 .
u'0f:t/Lo aLp ljt/0f x'g' kb{5 eGgsf
nflu dGqfnon] s] ;f]lr/x]sf] 5 <
ls;fgx?nfO{ aLp /fxtdf
ljt/0f ug{sf nflu xfdL;Fu w]/}
;+3;+:yfx? gcfPsf] xf]Og t/
xfdLn] aLp clt ;+jb] gzLn ljifo
ePsfn] s[lif ljsf; dGqfnosf]
g]t[Tjdf g} ljt/0f ug'{ kb{5
elg/x]sf 5f}+ / x'G5 klg . olb
s;}n] ;xof]u ug{ rfxg' x'G5 eg]
pxfFx?nfO{ ;xofuLsf ?kdf
cfpg ;Sg' x'G5 . ls;fgx?nfO{
aLp ljt/0f ubf{ ;xof]uL bft[
lgsfosf] af/]df klg hfgsf/L
xfdL u/fpF5f}+ . t/ xfd|f] g]tT[ j
/ :jLs[t ljgf s;}nfO{ klg aLp
ljt/0f ug{ xfdL cg'dlt lbGgf}+ .
lsg eg] ef]nL u'0f:t/xLg aLp
ljt/0f eof] eg] clwsf+z ls;fgx?
To;sf] df/df kg]{ dfq xf]Og vfB
;'/Iffdf To;n] 7"nf] c;/ kfg]{ 5 .
aLp ljt/0f s[lif ljsf; dGqfno
/ dftxtsf lgsfo afx]s c?n]
afF8g\ kfpFbg} .
) To;f] eP e"sDk kLl8tx?n]
aLp cg'bfgdf kfpF5g\ / Ps4f/
gLlt g} ckgfO{G5 <
kSs} xf] . s[lifsf s'g} klg
;fdu| L e" s Dk kLl8t
ls;fgx?nfO{ ljt/0f ubf{ s[lif
ljsf; dGqfnon] g} lhDd]jf/L
/ g]tT[ j lnG5 . bft[ lgsfo jf
;xof]uLsf ?kdf cfpg' x'g5
] .
Tof] afx]s csf]{ ljsNk 5}g .
) dGqfnonfO{ hfgsf/L g} glbO{
ljt/0f eO{/xsf] eGg] ;'lgG5 lg t <
To;f] ul/P u}/sfg"gL x'g]
5 To:tf ;+:yf / JolQmnfO{
xfdL sfjf{xL ub{5f}+ . lhNnf
lhNnfdf k| d ' v lhNnf
clwsf/Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf s[lif
;dGjo ;ldlt 5 To;dfk{mt
ljt/0f ug] { ePsfn] s' g }
;+3;+:yfx?n] ;f] dfk{mt aLp
pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 . aLp
u'0f:t/ r]shfFr g} gu/L s'g}
klg xfntdf ls;fgnfO{ aLp
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