May 16, 2015 27 Iyar, 5775 Omer Count: Day 42 Friday Night Mincha: 6:30 PM Shabbat Candle Lighting 7:51PM Morning Services: 9:00 AM Shabbat Mincha & Mussar – 7:40 PM Shabbat ends: 8:51PM Shul Announcements Behar - Bechukotai Page 696 (Torah) Page 1179 (Haftarah) Shabbat Chazak – for the last Torah reading of Vayikrah Shabbat Mevarchim for Sivan Rosh Chodesh Sivan Tuesday May 19 Yom Yerushalayim Sunday May 17 May Birthdays & Anniversaries May Birthdays: Aaron Chevinsky (2nd), Marisa Kwoczka (2nd), Hank London (2nd), Sharon Smith (2nd), Javid Hakakian (5th), Ariel Scheer (5th), th Jonathan Bravman (6th), Debra Turitz (6 ), Paul th th Manis (7 ), Carl Rosen (8th), Pamela Gelbert (9 ), th Samantha Messer (9 ), Steve Levy (10th), Beena Levy (11th), Rich Rosenberg (11th), Bryce Zwickel th th th (11 ), Heather Cohen (12 ), Judith Heistein (12 ), th th Deborah Goldwasser (15 ), Tamar Winters (15 ), th th Etti Zeldis (16 ), Paula Antin (17 ), Elana Winters th th (17 ), Jason Cohen (12 ), Henry Goldwasser th th th (18 ), Sherry Pollack (18 ), Debby Brafman (20 ), th th Emily Hanrahan (20 ), Jeremy Weiss (20 ), th th Allyssa Gresser (26 ), Justin Shulman (26 ), Ryan th th Winter (26 ), Oritte Bendory (28 ), Rachel Brandtth th Greenfeld (28 ), Sarah Dabah (28 ), Louise th th Levine (28 ), Yonaton Tammam (28 ), Shayna th th Chevinsky (29 ), Daniel Spielman (29 ), Daniel th th Geary (30 ), Andrew Hanrahan ( 30 ), Aaron st st Nessel (31 ), Zachary Nessel (31 ), Ron st Rubenstein (31 ). May Anniversaries: Richard & Fawn Zwickel th th (17 ), Jeff & Mimi Czeisler (20 ), Joel & Marla th th Katz (25 ), Alan & Jennifer Gellerstein (26 ), th Barry Ginsberg & Lauren Cooper (28 ), Stuart & th Carol Kerievsky (28 ), Rav Menashe & Donna th East (29 ). MFJC INFO ~ www.mtfjc.org Address: 1209 Sussex Tpk., Randolph 07869 Phone Numbers: Office: 973 895 2100 Rabbi: 973 895 2103; Rabbi’s Cell: 201 923 1107 Rabbi’s Office Hours: Mornings: Tues - Fri, 9-1PM; afternoons/evenings: 3-6PM; or anytime by appt Menashe East rabbi@mtfjc.org Office Hours: M-Th, 10- 5PM; F, 10-4PM David Paris office@mtfjc.org This Week: May 16: Shabbat Chazak & Shabbat Mevarchim for Sivan May 16: Brucha Haba’ah to our friend from Ofakim May 16: Yom Yerushalayim Melavah Malka, Cancelled May 17: Celebratory Yom Yerushalayim Tefillah, 8AM May 17: Talmud Study, 9AM May 19: Rosh Chodesh Sivan; Minyan @ GRTWA,820AM May 19: Last Day of Hebrew School; Enjoy Summer!!! May 21: Thursday Torah, Cancelled May 21: MFJC Sisterhood Flower Power for Shavuos – Synagogue Beautification – 7:30PM Upcoming Events: May 23: Shavuot – sign up to teach a class for our late-night learning. This year’s learning will be in honor of Rabbi Aharon Lichtenstein, zt’l. RSVP for a shul-made dinner; $20/person May 25: Yizkor & Megillat Ruth – readers sign up… May 25: Memorial Day – We Remember the Brave US Soldiers May 26: NY Mets Israel Appreciation night, 710PM May 31: Israel Day Parade, join the MFJC Banner, Details tba (RSVP to the shul office to join the GRTWA bus) June 2: Interfaith Holocaust Memorial, MFJC, 730PM June 6: Irene Billinson Bat Mitzvah! June 7: Springtime Synagogue Spruce Up, 900AM June 8: Annual General Meeting, 8PM June 13: Graduation Kiddush – Celebrate our Grads and Sponsor the Kiddush!!! June 17-18: Rosh Chodesh Tammuz June 21: Father’s Day Flower Power For Shavuos Sisterhood is calling all Women to Help Decorate the Sanctuary Baum Hall- Wednesday May 20 7:30pm th BYOV - bring your own vase for leftover flowers RSVP –Audrey Silverberg asilverberg@comcast.net Celebrate Shavuot with Mt. Freedom Jewish Center Festive Holiday Meal, All Night Study, Games for kids, Ice Cream and more! May 23rd, 24th & 25th @ 1209 Sussex Turnpike Randolph, NJ Come for a Shul cooked Shavuot dinner, May 23rd $20pp and $15 for kids under 13. BYOB! Saturday, May 23rd 8:30 PM Evening Services 8:58 Candle Lighting 9:00 PM Shul Cooked Dairy Dinner -- BYOB 10:00 PM Let the Studying Begin! 1st Session: Rabbi East leads the opening discussion Followed by a variety of classes led by Congregants – sign up today!!! Treats all night long to feed your body while you nourish your soul! This year’s Learning will be in honor of Rabbi Aharon Lichtenstein! Sunday, May 24th 4:00 AM Early Morning Services 9:00 AM Regular Morning Services 11:00 AM Jewpardy & Ice Cream Party 7:00 PM Afternoon/Evening Services 8:59 PM Candle Lighting Monday, May 25th 9:00 AM Morning Services 10:30 AM Youth Aliyah @ Sinai/Bima 11:00 AM YIZKOR 11:30 AM Reading of Ruth 5:00 PM Women’s Discussion of Ruth hosted by Donna East, 1 Nuko Terr 8:00 PM Afternoon Services 9:00 PM Yom Tov ends Springtime Shul Spruce Up Sunday, June 7th, 9AM Everyone is invited to Help Clean the Grounds of the House of God!!! ***Get in on the Mitzvah*** Bagels & Garbage Bags will be Served Graduation is Coming! Celebrate with your friends at MJFC with a special Graduation Kiddush in your graduate’s honor! Do you have a child or family member graduating from Nursery, Elementary, Middle or High School? Or from College or Graduate School or any special Graduation?? Be a part of this Special Kiddush on Shabbat, June 13th Let us know if you would like to participate by contacting the Shul office. Cost is $54 per family. Please send in a photo of your Graduate with your response. Caregiver Support Group Are you caring for a loved with Alzheimer’s or Related Dementia Disease? This group will offer: Emotional and educational support An opportunity to network with other caregivers DATES: Last Thursday of the month - May 28, June 25, July 30, August 27, September 24 TIME: 1:00 – 2:00 pm LOCATION: Mt. Freedom Jewish Center 1209 Sussex Turnpike, Randolph, NJ For more information about the Caregiver Support Group, please call 973-765-9050 There is no charge for this program. This group will be co-facilitated by: Alyson Kaplan, LSW & Alexandra Nagy, LSW, Jewish Family Service of MetroWest WEEKLY PARSHA By Rabbi Dov Linzer, Rosh HaYeshiva and Dean of Yeshivat Chovevei Torah Rabbinical School _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Parshat Behar-Bechukotai | May 15, 2015 / 27 Iyar 5775 A Relationship Strained, Not Broken We finish our reading of Vayikra this week with the "blessings and the curses": the rewards for keeping the laws and commandments and the punishments for breaking them. This section, coming as it does at the end of Vayikra, is clearly intended as a coda to what preceded it. Namely, it is the penalty clause of the brit at Mount Sinai. Thus, our parasha opens and closes with the framing of Mount Sinai (Vayikra, 25:1, 26:46, 27:34). Contracts generally begin with the terms of the agreement, the responsibilities of one party to the other. These were spelled out clearly in Shemot with the Ten Commandments and all the laws in Mishpatim. The mitzvot and the laws, all the "dos and don'ts," are the way in which the relationship is translated in practical, day-to-day terms. After the terms of the contract are laid out, a penalty clause often follows. This is the blessings and, more significantly, the curses that we find in Bechukotai. This, then, is the natural culmination of the britat Sinai. But if this is so, why does this only come at the end of Vayikra? Why did it not close Parashat Mishpatim? The best explanation is that a profound rupture occurred between Parshat Mishpatim and Sefer Vayikra: the Sin of the Golden Calf. Until that sin, the Torah could hope that the covenant itself would suffice; not every contract needs a penalty clause. While violating the terms of a contract will have its consequences, these need not be spelled out in the actual agreement. God could have reasonably hoped that the descendants of Avraham, Yitzchak, and Yaakov, those who first had this britwith God, would be committed to the britfor its own sake. God could have reasonably hoped that a people whom God had just freed from bondage would understand the meaning of their covenant. But, as we know, the people failed God, violating the covenant at the first opportunity and compromising the very relationship. God realizes that this is a stiff-necked people. God, as it were, realizes that this is a people that needs the positive and negative reinforcement of the blessings and the curses, a penalty clause to keep them committed to the terms of the contract. But the shift in the relationship is more profound than that. It is clear that, after the Golden Calf, the relationship can survive even times of violation and profound strain. As parents know well, we can wish that our children will do what is right because it is right, but human nature being what it is, punishment (however labeled) is a necessary form of parenting. And punishment is just that: a form of parenting. It is an expression of love and concern, of commitment to the relationship. If we did not care, we would not punish. And if the relationship could not survive disobedience and misbehavior, if a parent would, God forbid, walk away from a troublesome child, then punishment would be unnecessary. God's initial high expectations of us also meant that when we failed God, God was ready to give up on us. God was prepared to drop us and walk away from the relationship: "And now, leave me, and My anger will kindle against them and I will destroy them, and I will make you-Moshe-into a great nation" (Shemot, 32:10). Even when God relents, agreeing not to destroy the people and to stay in the relationship, God does not want to get too close. God is looking for a long-distance relationship: "And I will send an angel before you....for I cannot go up in your midst, because you are a stiff-necked people, lest I destroy you on the way" (33:3). It is only after Moshe's importuning that God again agrees to resume the relationship as before: "And God said, my Presence will go [among you] and I will give you rest" (33:14). God renews the covenant in Shemot (34:11-26), but God only appends the penalty clause in Parashat Bechukotai. The renewal of the covenant, the reaffirming of the relationship, is the turning point. This is the moment that God declares that God will not give up on the relationship, that God will keep God's Presence among us even when we violate the covenant. God will not walk out on us. But how is our imperfect humanitythe fact that we will fail God, that we will not always live up to the agreement-dealt with in the renewed covenant? Through the blessings and curses. God will deal with our misbehavior by parenting us when we need it. God accepts that we are less than perfect. God accounts for this by giving us positive and negative reinforcement, and God is prepared to deal with our transgressions and failures and to remain committed to the relationship. Why, then, the gap between the reaffirmation of the covenant and our parasha? How does the entirety of Sefer Vayikra factor into this structure? The answer lies in the fact that good, caring parenting is about more than rewards and punishments. Good parenting also means providing a good education, and it means setting up systems to reinforce learning and cultivate growth and success. Vayikra is devoted to setting up these systems: the system of kedusha, holiness, in the Temple and, as we saw last week, the parallel and reinforcing system of kedusha in the camp. Theseare designed to reorient our lives and our society so that we will be focused on God, allowing us to truly abide by the covenant. Sometimes, however, even these systems are threatened. But God, committed to the relationship, has given us ways to protect and, if necessary, restore them. When the sins of the nation threatened the sanctity of the Temple, God gave us the rites of Yom Kippur to cleanse the Temple of its impurity. God made this possible when, after the Golden Calf, God agreed that the Temple will "dwell amongst them, [even] together with their impurity" (Vayikra, 16:16). The Temple can survive the tumah of the nation. In contrast, the situation is much more severe when the kedushaof the camp is threatened. Here we are no longer talking about ritual sins and ritual tumah; here we are talking about true corruption of society, a profound leaving of God and God's ways. And this becomes intolerable when what is threatened is the very system of kedusha, the Sabbatical Year and its profound restructuring of society as one with God at its center. For this, no ritual, no Temple rites, can provide a solution. The punishments can hopefully serve their purpose and turn the people back to the right path, but when they fail to do so, the only solution is to remove the people from the place of kedusha. The solution is exile. The cleansing of the land, in contrast to that of the Temple, requires removing the people from the land and allowing the land to "rest its Shabbats [Seventh Years]....which it did not rest when you were dwelling on it" (Vayikra, 26:3435). Through the lessons of exile, the people will hopefully learn the profound nature of their sin, allowing them to return to the land and once again attempt to live on it with full respect for the structures of kedusha, the systems central to living and maintaining the brit. When the supporting systems of the brit are violated, whether in the sanctity of the Temple or the Sabbatical Years of the camp, the relationship will still survive. This has been God's commitment to the Jewish people since the Sin of the Golden Calf. God is with us through thick and thin. Even at times when we could no longer live on God's land, when we failed to build a nation on the principles of kedusha, God remained-and God remains-committed to us. "And even with all of this-when they are in the land of their enemies, I have not despised them or rejected them, to destroy them, to nullify my covenant with them, because I am the Lord their God." We have come a long way from the Sin of the Calf, and our relationship has survived moments of severe strain. And even though a drastic response may at times be necessary, it will survive because the covenant is forever, because God will always remain our God, committed to an unbreakable relationship with the Jewish people. Shabbat Shalom! Shabbat Shalom Parshat Behar (Leviticus 25:1 – 26:2) Efrat, Israel – “And you shall count for yourselves seven cycles of Sabbatical years , seven years, seven times… fortynine years… you shall sanctify the fiftieth year and proclaim freedom throughout the land for all its inhabitants; it shall be the Jubilee year for you.” (Leviticus 25:8-10) This commandment to count seven cycles of Sabbatical years leading up to the 50th Jubilee year of proclaiming freedom throughout the land, is clearly reminiscent of the biblical commands we read last week (Parshat Emor): “Count for yourselves [from the day of your bringing the barley ‘omer wave offering] seven complete weeks… you shall count fifty days…” from the day after our exodus from Egypt until the Festival of the first fruits (bikkurim), the festival commemorating the Revelation of God’s Torah at Sinai (Lev. 23:15-17). What is the significance of this striking parallelism between the counting of the seven weeks between Passover and Shavuot and the counting of the seven sabbatical years leading up to the Jubilee year? What is the true message behind the daily count of sefirat ha’omer, the period which we are currently marking? There are three words which express the concept of freedom: hofesh, dror and herut. Hofesh appears in the Book of Exodus (21:2) in the context of the Hebrew slave leaving the homestead of his owner; at the end of his sixth year of employ he becomes (hofshi hinam), “completely free,” without any obligation whatsoever to his former master. The second word, dror, has just been cited in our present reading of Behar, in which “freedom” (dror) is to be proclaimed throughout the land on the advent of the Jubilee year. But the Festival of Passover, which celebrates our exodus from Egyptian servitude, is referred to by our Sages as zman herutenu, the time of our herut – a non-biblical word with Aramaic roots that connotes freedom. Why do our Sages pass over the two biblical Hebrew words hofesh and dror in describing our Festival of Freedom in favor of herut? In his illuminating study Escape from Freedom, the philosopher and political theorist Erich Fromm (1900-1980) distinguishes between freedom from something and freedom forsomething. The former—the mere ridding oneself of duties and obligations—will, at best, produce a monotonous existence of boredom, aimlessness, and sometimes even depression; at worst, it will lead to alcohol and drug addiction, wild licentiousness and even criminal acts of depravity. Many societies would rather succumb to a totalitarian regime of enslavement rather than risk the challenges of the responsibility of freedom. It is from this vantage point that Viktor Frankl (1905-1997), author of From Death-Camp to Existentialism and founder of the branch of psychoanalysis which he calls “logotherapy,” insists that the most essential human drive is not a search for pleasure, as Freud would maintain, or a search for power, as Adler and Jung suggest. Rather, it is the search for meaning, the human need to carve out a life of significance and worthwhile purpose. Freedom from enslavement must be linked indelibly with the belief of the individual that he/she is empowered to forge for him/herself a life dedicated to an important goal and purpose. Hence, our Bible begins with the creation of the world, positing that every human being is created “in the image of God,” with a portion of the Lord on High within the very essence of his/her being,” so that he/she becomes commanded (and thereby empowered) to “develop the earth and preserve it,” to “perfect the imperfect world in the Kingship of the Divine” (Gen. 1:27; 2:7, 15 and the Aleinu prayer). By reliving God’s primordial week of creation during our human weekly cycle of “working the world” for six days and resting in God’s presence on the seventh, we hopefully rekindle our task to perfect the world as God’s partners every single week! And hofesh is our freedom of choice not to do whatever we wish but rather to choose good over evil, God over Satan, creation over destruction. Hence the word dror is used to express the period of human perfection, redemption (ge’ula), described in our Jubilee year, when all slaves will be freed, when everyone’s land will provide sufficient produce for all, when all debts will be rescinded, when everyone will be returned to their ancestral homestead, when all the needy of the world will be sustained by their communities. Dror is the purpose for which Israel and humanity was created; the society and world which Israel and humanity must recreate. Our Sages refer to the time of our liberation from Egyptian enslavement as herut, which derives from the Hebrew ahrayut, responsibility: the responsibility of freedom for, the responsibility of accepting the formidable task of partnership with the Divine, the responsibility of protecting our brothers (ahim), the responsibility of protecting every stranger (aher) who is also our brother under God, the responsibility of going first and saying “aharai” (after me), and the responsibility of bringing the world to its aharit hayamim, the final stage of redemption, the Messianic Age. And so, as soon as we became free, we started to count; only for a free person does every day count, only for a free person is every day fraught with infinite possibilities of productivity and meaning. We count until we receive our Torah, which is our blueprint for the creation of a perfected world. Shabbat Shalom Shabbat Shalom Parshat Bechukotai (Leviticus 26:3 – 27:34) Efrat, Israel – “And I shall remember My Covenant with Jacob and also My Covenant with Isaac and also My Covenant with Abraham shall I remember, and the Land shall I remember…. But despite all this, when they are in the land of their enemies, I shall neither hate them nor despise them to destroy them, to abrogate My Covenant with them, for I am the Lord their God” (Leviticus 26:42-44). Our Torah never promised us a rose garden; the sacred Scriptures mince no words in describing the excruciating persecutions and punishments which will pursue us if – or rather, when – we fail to heed its exhortations, as we see in this week’s reading. We can only identify with Sholem Aleichem’s Tevye the dairyman, who, when confronted with the order of expulsion of the Jews from the town of Anatevka, looks heavenwards and cynically decries, “I know. We are Your chosen people. But, once in a while, can’t You choose someone else?” And to add insult to injury, in addition to this chapter of curses (tochehot) in Leviticus, there is an additional and much longer litany of imprecations in Deuteronomy (chapter 28, verses 15-68). Moreover, whereas the Leviticus tocheha provides a silver lining to the cloud guaranteeing that God will remember His Patriarchal Covenants as well as His patrimonial land and will never completely destroy us as a people by abrogating His Covenant with us, such a “happy ending” does not appear in the Deuteronomy tocheha. Why two chapters of such horrific imprecations and why is our Leviticus chapter mitigated by a promise of Divine remembrance and redemption while the Deuteronomy chapter has no such respite? The great biblical commentator Nahmanides (1194 – 1270) suggests that the first set of curses refers to the destruction of the First Temple and its aftermath of Babylonian captivity (685 to 516 BCE), whereas the second set of curses refers to the destruction of the Second Temple (70 CE) and the subsequent scattering of the Jewish Exile throughout the world. My revered teacher and mentor Rav J.B. Soloveitchik explains that the first destruction led to a forced exile to Babylon for only 50 years in duration, with the restoration of the Second Temple in Jerusalem barely 20 years later. No wonder the Bible mentions God’s remembrance of the Covenant and His refusal to completely destroy His nation within the very context of the first destruction. Rabbi Soloveitchik goes on to say that the second destruction in Deuteronomy also has a promise of restoration, but it comes two chapters after the tocheha with an extremely important rider attached to it: “It will be when all these things come upon you, the blessing and the curse that I have presented before you, that you shall return to your heart from amongst all of the nations to which the Lord your God has scattered you” (Deut. 30:1). The restoration after the second destruction is dependent upon Israel’s repentance! The first destruction was at an early juncture of Jewish history when we were still enamored with idolatry and before we had really developed our oral law. God was still taking responsibility for us, almost like He took responsibility for us in taking us out of the Egyptian exile. Here too, God remembers His Covenant, and God guarantees that He will step into history to ensure that we will never be destroyed as a people. After the second destruction, however, God expects much more from us, His partners in history. He will not effectuate our return single-handedly; He expects us to be the initiators. He expects us to return first to the Land of Israel from our many lands of dispersion and then to the Torah of Israel (Deuteronomy 30:1–3). Once we initiate our own purification, then the Almighty will complete the process. This second restoration will be much longer in the coming than the first was, and so it is in Deuteronomy. It comes two chapters after the imprecations. It assumes that we will take a leadership position among the nations, “exalted above all the nations in fame, in renown and in glory… a holy people to the Lord…” (Deuteronomy 26:19) to bring the entire nation to repentance in the realization of one God of peace, compassionate morality and justice. This Covenant will then include the entire nation, “Those standing with us before the Lord our God and those not with us this day before the Lord our God.” This third Covenant also written on stones from the Jordan River with words of universal morality speaking to the generic human being (ish, rather than ivri or yehudi) and translated into the 70 languages of the proverbial 70 nations. Hence this covenant will enable all of the wicked of the earth to return to God, to accept the yoke of the Heavenly Kingship and to perfect the world in the Kingship of the Divine (Alenu Prayer). We anxiously await the fulfillment of this Covenant, the beginning of which we are experiencing today in Israel reborn! Shabbat Shalom Minors and Majors The opening of this week’s double portion, Behar-Bechukotai, deals with the mitzvah of Shmitah. Every 7th year, the land in Israel must remain fallow; it cannot be worked or seeded. This is a mitzvah that modern day Israel experiences, actively. Even today, the Sabbatical cycle is enforced and, every 7th year, the land of Israel faces the challenge of sustaining its growing population. All this is interesting, but the question posed by Rashi is a more fundamentally relevant problem: What is the relevance of teaching about the Sabbatical year at the foot of Sinai? All the laws in the Torah are taught in Sinai.(See Rashi, Leviticus 25:1) One way to read Rashi’s question reminds the reader of the nagging question in our hearts; the question we often ask ourselves or others when we face a confounding idea in our faith: What sense is there in such a mitzvah? Or, Why would our tradition encourage such a thing? Or, isn’t the Torah anachronistic? So, we wonder, why is the mitzvah of the Sabbatical year being presented to the Jewish people while they sit in the barren Sinai desert? To this skeptical attitude, the Rashi answers that when the mitzvah of Sabbatical year was taught every detail, every nuance and every law attached to the mitzvah of the 7th year was directly tied to Sinai. This is the answer we must fire back at the cynical, skeptical, sometimes, scoffing voice in our heads – it all goes back to Sinai. Every detail and every mitzvah and every law emerge from the energetic core of Sinai. In the opening statement to his followers in his book of commands, the Baal Shem Tov, the Besh’t, founder of the Hasidic movement, teaches the words from the Mishna in Avot: Be diligent, Zahir, with an easy mitzvah as though it were a severe mitzvah. This would be an important message to his fledgling movement. The Hasidic community was formed in a reaction to the elite talmudists. For the average Jew, the realm of the spiritual life was unknown. Literacy levels were low and if you couldn’t read you couldn’t –meaningfully participate in Jewish communal life. (Tzavaat Harivash, Opening words) The Besh’t came along and said the opposite – even an insignificant mitzvah can have great meaning. And taking it further, Zahir, diligence, can also mean illuminate (The book of light is called the Zohar). Thus, a minor mitzvah can illuminate a person’s soul like a major mitzvah. In this radical shift, the gravity of the social moved from the select few to the average Jew. What is the 7th year doing at Sinai?! No, it all goes back to Sinai. It all has the potential transformative power that we felt at Sinai. Don’t denigrate and don’t mock. That attitude is a plague on the Jewish soul. Too often we try to outsmart the system, when really we are deflating the Jewish spirit. Rather, maybe these minor details strike a deep truth; if only we would treat the minor mitzvah like a major mitzvah, we might find great light there. If only we would treat minor people like major people, we might find great light there. If only we would treat, minor moments like major moments, we might find great light there. Shabbat Shalom Umevorach and Yom Yerushalayim Sameach; we celebrate the reunification of the Jerusalem, Rabbi Menashe East
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