1. No category

2010 Building Regulations
- and how to meet them!
9:30 Welcome ‐ J. Cockroft
9:35 Scottish Building Standards, latest developments –
Steven Scott, Scottish Building Standards Division
10:20 Update on SBEM ‐ David Shearer, BRE Scotland
10:40 Update on SAP ‐ Brian Anderson, BRE Scotland
11:00 Coffee break
11:30 Impacts for users of dynamic simulation – Tracy Keegan, IES Ltd
11:50 Beyond 2010? – Paul Tuohy, SESG / ESRU
12:10 Discussion Q+A and wrap‐up ‐ Stuart Macpherson, CIBSE Scotland
12:30 Lunch
Beyond the 2010 regulations?
Paul.Tuohy@strath.ac.uk
Scottish Policy – The Sullivan Report
A Low Carbon Buildings Standards Strategy for Scotland
Recommended for new domestic buildings:
• 2010: savings of 30% cf. 2007 (B+)
• 2013: savings of 60% cf. 2007 (A)
• 2017: Net zero carbon (A+)
• The ambition of total-life zero carbon by 2030.
Recommended for existing domestic buildings:
• Practical performance standards for existing
buildings aligned with the energy performance certificates.
Paul.Tuohy@strath.ac.uk
Scottish Policy – The Sullivan Report
A Low Carbon Buildings Standards Strategy for Scotland
Recommended for new non-domestic buildings:
• 2010: savings of 50% cf. 2007 (B+)
• 2013: savings of 75% cf. 2007 (A)
• 2017: Net zero carbon (A+)
• The ambition of total-life zero carbon by 2030.
Recommended for existing non-domestic buildings:
• Practical performance standards for existing
buildings aligned with the energy performance certificates.
Paul.Tuohy@strath.ac.uk
Scottish Policy – The Sullivan Report
A Low Carbon Buildings Standards Strategy for Scotland
Recommended for new non-domestic buildings?
• 2010: savings of 30% cf. 2007 (B+)
• 2013: savings of 60%? cf. 2007 (A)
• 2017: Net zero carbon (A+)
• The ambition of total-life zero carbon by 2030.
Recommended for existing non-domestic buildings?
• Practical performance standards for existing
buildings aligned with the energy performance certificates.
Paul.Tuohy@strath.ac.uk
England Policy Look Ahead based on ‘The Code’
Look ahead covers domestic only:
Level 1
• 2006 regs – 10%
C, B
Level 2
• 2006 regs – 18%
B
Level 3 (2010) • 2006 regs – 25%
B
Level 4 (2013) • 2006 regs – 44%
Passive House (approx)
B+, A
Level 5
• 2006 regs – 100%
Zero SAP, Significant LZCT
Level 6 (2016) • Zero Operational Carbon – 140%
Zero SAP, LZCT > Appliances
A+
A++
Paul.Tuohy@strath.ac.uk
Comparison Scotland v. England
Year
Scotland
2010
2013
2016
30%
60%
100%
England
25% (CSH 3)
44% (CSH 4)
140% (CSH 6)
Paul.Tuohy@strath.ac.uk
Scottish Policy - Research
• SAP: Detached house – effect of individual measures
Improvement measures beyond 2007 regulations
Individual improvement measures applied to 2007 house:
2007 base case (with gas boiler + radiators)
Infiltration reduced from 10 to 5 m3/m2.h at 50Pa
Infiltration reduced from 10 to 1 m3/m2.h at 50Pa
100% low energy lights (lel)
Underfloor heating (concrete screed)
GSHP space heat + lightweight underfloor heating
GSHP space and HW heat + lightweight underfloor heating
ASHP space and HW heat + lightweight underfloor heating
Solar thermal (1000kWh per annum)
Solar PV (650kWh per annum)
Biomass boiler space heating (85% eff)
Biomass boiler space and hot water heating (85% eff)
Gas community CHP space and water heat
Biomass community CHP space and water heat
0.15 insulation / 5m3 per m2.h at 50Pa / lel (0.15/5)
0.1 insulation / 1m3 per m2.h at 50Pa / lel (0.1/1)
0.1 ins / 1m3 per m2.h / lel / MVHR (0.1/1 plus MVHR66/1)
0.1 ins / 1m3 per m2.h / lel / MVHR (0.1/1 plus MVHR90/1)
0.1 ins / 1m3 per m2.h / lel / MVHR (0.1/1 plus MVHR90/0.5)
DER CO2 Percentage CO2 saving (%) [SAP]
kgCO2
%
/m2.y saving
10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
25
0
24
4%
23
6%
24
3%
27
-9%
20
18%
20
21%
23
6%
23
9%
21
15%
15
40%
9
64%
14
42%
-7
130%
20
20%
16
35%
16
35%
15
39%
15
41%
Rating
(EI)
C
C
C
C
C
B
B
C
C
C
B
B+
B
A++
B
B
B
B
B
Scottish Policy - Research
• SAP: Detached house – effect of combined measures
Improvement measures beyond 2007 regulations
Combinations of measures applied to 2007 house:
GSHP space heat+lel+Solth(1000kWh)
GSHP space heat+lel+Solth(1000kWh)+PV(650)
Individual measures applied to 0.15/5 house:
0.15/5+GSHP space heat + lightweight underfloor +lel
0.15/5+Solar thermal (1200kWh per annum) +lel
0.15/5+Solar PV (650kWh per annum) +lel
0.15/5+Biomass boiler space and HW heating (85% eff) +lel
Combinations of measures applied to 0.15/5 house:
0.15/5+GSHP space heat+lel+Solth(1000kWh)
0.15/5+GSHP space heat+lel+Solth(1000kWh)+PV(650)
Combinations of measures applied to 0.1/1 house:
0.1/1+GSHP space heat+lel+Solth(1000kWh)
0.1/1+GSHP space heat+lel+Solth(1000kWh)+MVHR66/1
0.1/1+GSHP space heat+lel+Solth(1000kWh)+MVHR90/1
0.1/1+GSHP space heat+lel+Solth(1000kWh)+PV(650)
0.1/1+GSHP space heat and HW+lel+Solth(1000kWh)
0.1/1+GSHP space heat and HW+lel+Solth(1000)+PV(1000)
0.1/1+Gas comm CHP space heat and HW+lel
0.1/1+BIO comm CHP space heat and HW+lel
0.1/1+BIO space heat and HW+lel
0.1/1+BIO space heat and HW+lel+MVHR66/1
0.1/1+BIO space heat and HW+lel+MVHR90/1
0.1/1+BIO space heat and HW+lel+Solth(1000)
0.1/1+BIO space heat and HW+lel+Solth(1000)+MVHR66/1
0.1/1+BIO space heat and HW+lel+Solth(1000)+MVHR90/1
DER CO2 Percentage CO2 saving (%) [SAP]
kgCO2
%
/m2.y saving
10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
Rating
(EI)
18
14
29%
44%
B
B
17
17
16
7
33%
31%
35%
73%
B
B
B
A
15
11
41%
56%
B
B+
12
13
12
8
12
6
9
-5
6
7
6
5
6
6
51%
50%
52%
66%
53%
76%
63%
121%
77%
73%
74%
78%
74%
76%
B+
B
B+
A
B+
A
B+
A++
A
A
A
A
A
A
Scottish Policy - Research
• SBEM: Science Park Office (no cooling) – individual measures
BER
kgCO2
1. Individual measures
2007 base case (with gas boiler + radiators)
0.15 U ins (1.4 glaze) / 5m3 air perm (0.15/5)
0.1 U insulation (1 glaze)/2.5m3 air perm (0.1/2.5)
0.1 U insulation (.8 glaze)/1m3 air perm (0.1/1)
MVHR (75% heat recovery efficiency, 1.5w/l/s)
Hi Eff lights (6.7w/m2 and good controls)
PV (mono xtal, 100m2)
underfloor heating
gshp + underfloor heating
chp (70% of heat) + radiators
biomass boiler + radiators
kgCO2
/m2 p.a.
/m2 p.a. saving
38
0
34
4
30
9
28
10
30
8
36
2
33
5
35
3
24
14
17
21
15
23
CO2
%
saving
0
11%
22%
26%
21%
4%
14%
7%
37%
56%
60%
Percentage CO2 saving (%) [SBEM]
Rating
10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
C
C+
B
B
C+
C+
C+
C+
B
B+
B+
Scottish Policy - Research
• SBEM Science Park Office (no cooling) –combined measures
BER
kgCO2
kgCO2
/m2 p.a.
/m2 p.a. saving
CO2
%
saving
Percentage CO2 saving (%) [SBEM]
Rating
10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
2. Combinations of measures
0.15/5+MVHR(75%)
0.15/5+MVHR(75%)+UF+GSHP
0.15/5+MVHR(75%)+UF+GSHP+PV
0.15/5+MVHR(75%)+UF+GSHP+PV+HiEffLight
0.15/5+MVHR(75%)+CHP
0.15/5+MVHR(75%)+BIOMASS
0.15/5+MVHR(75%)+CHP+PV
0.15/5+MVHR(75%)+BIOMASS+PV
0.1/2.5+MVHR(75%)
0.1/2.5+MVHR(75%)+UF+GSHP
0.1/2.5+MVHR(75%)+UF+GSHP+PV
0.1/2.5+MVHR(75%)+UF+GSHP+PV+HiEffLight
0.1/2.5+MVHR(75%)+CHP
0.1/2.5+MVHR(75%)+BIOMASS
0.1/2.5+MVHR(75%)+CHP+PV
0.1/2.5+MVHR(75%)+BIOMASS+PV
0.1/1+MVHR(75%)+UF+GSHP+PV
25
19
14
10
16
15
10
9
21
17
12
8
15
15
9
8
12
13
19
24
28
22
23
28
29
17
21
26
30
23
23
29
30
26
34%
50%
64%
73%
58%
60%
75%
77%
46%
56%
69%
78%
60%
61%
77%
78%
70%
B
B+
A
A
B+
B+
A
A
B+
B+
A
A
B+
A
A
A
A
Research – BMT Carbon Visions
• SBEM: Office (with and without cooling)
60
60
2007 regulation limit (AC)
D
45
D
45
kgCO2/m2
30
pa
2007 regulation limit (Nat vent)
C
C
30
B
15
B
15
A
0
A
0
07typ
08bp
Adv 08bp
Adv Adv
07typ
08bp vav 08bp vrf 08bp dis
Adv
08bpvrf
Adv
Adv Adv
08bpvrf
mm
mm
suggests the historical CO2 differential between HVAC
and Nat Vent may not necessarily apply in the future ???
EU - PassiveHaus for all buildings?
Paul.Tuohy@strath.ac.uk
EU Funded CEPHEUS Project 1998-2001
‘Cost Effective Passive Houses for EU Standard’
BRE
AECB
University of Strathclyde
Paul.Tuohy@strath.ac.uk
Passive House Concept
‰ Excellent insulation
(U < 0.15 W/m2.K).
‰ Excellent construction:
ƒ No unintended air leakage
(AC/H < 0.6 @ 50Pa).
ƒ No thermal bridges
(Psi < 0.01 W/m.K ext).
‰ Excellent Glazing
(U < 0.8 W/m2.K).
from PHI
‰ High efficiency ventilation for air quality.
‰ Highly efficient systems, appliances and lights.
‰ Solar control – no overheating.
‰ Rigorous Design Methods – PHPP (Tougher than UK SAP)
Paul.Tuohy@strath.ac.uk
EU Funded CEPHEUS Project 1998-2001
‘Cost Effective Passive Houses for EU Standard’
Passive House:
< 15 kWh/m2 p.a. space heat / cool
< 120 kWh/m2 p.a. primary energy
calculated using PHPP
(primary energy includes appliances)
Scottish Policy Research - Passive House (PHPP) v SAP?
Standard
Scottish
2007 regs
detached
house with
windows to
east and
west
SAP v PHPP for Detached House
2
kWh/(m .a)
SAP
PHPP
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Baseline
Basic
upgrades
Intermediate
upgrades
PHPP assumes lower
internal gains :. Higher
space heating demand and
greater emphasis on heat
losses – c.f. fuel poverty
Advanced
upgrades
Further PH
upgrades
from AECB
Passive House: Single-family houses
Thomas Claußen
Margrit Unger
Ulm, CasaNova GmbH
Crimmitschau, Markus Wochner
Ulm-Eggingen. Martin Wamsler
Chemnitz, Andreas Madreiter
Author: PHI / PHD
Passive House: Multi-storey buildings
Foto: PHI
Grempstraße Frankfurt, Faktor 10
Hamburg, J. Reinig
Frankfurt Sophienhof, FAAG Technik GmbH
Tevesstraße Frankfurt, Faktor 10
Author: PHD
Passive House schools
Montessori-Volksschule,
Aufkirchen, WGVL-Architekten
Frankfurt Riedberg, 4a-Architekten
Erweiterung Otto-Hahn-Gymnasium Dinslaken,
Hülsdonk & Ebbert
Primary school Preungesheim,
Cheret und Bozic
Author: PHD
Passive House office buildings
Expost, Bozen, Michael Tribus
Foto: PHI
Architekturbüro Lutz Laier
ENERGON, Ulm, oehler, faigle archkom solar architektur
Author: PHD
Passive House renovations
Author:PHI
Passive Houses UK and Ireland
Sources: JWP, MOSART, DEVECI, SPHC, DENBY DALE
England – Code level 6 homes
Walls, roof, floor U-value = 0.11.
Windows = 0.7 W/m2K (wood frame).
Air tightness = 1m3/h/m2 at 50Pa.
MVHR = 88% heat recovery.
100% compact fluorescents.
A++ white goods.
10 kW wood pellet boiler.
4m2 solar hot water.
4.7kW, 46m2PV.
= Passive House plus huge PV !
Paul.Tuohy@strath.ac.uk
Operational Ratings for Buildings?
Paul.Tuohy@strath.ac.uk
England – Operational Ratings
“virtually non-polluting public building”
England – Operational Ratings
“virtually non-polluting public building”
England – Operational Ratings
Operational ratings highlight disconnects between Asset
rating, design goals and Operational Energy Use:
Disconnects can be caused by:
• Limited scope of regulated energy uses
• Limited Design scope and assumptions
• Variations in occupant behaviour
• Implementation issues
“virtually non-polluting public building”
England – Operational Ratings
Scope of regulated energy uses
R4 Type 4 office SBEM calculations
Delivered energy by end use, kWh/m2 p.a.
2004 + all + disp vent and chilled ceiling
2004 + all improvements
2004 + all (except equipment)
2004 + low energy equipment
2004 + PV (monocrystalline)
2004 + PV (polycrystalline)
2004 + PV (amorphous)
2004 + cooling improved
2004 + heating improved
2004 + AHU improved
2004 + meters improved
2004 + lights improved
2004 + fabric improved
2004 baseline R4
300
275
250
225
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
-25
typical late 1990's office
kWh/m2 per year
Heating
Cooling
Auxiliary
Hot water
Lights
Equipment
PV electricity
England – Operational Ratings
Implementation issues
Implementation vs. intent – fault finding..
Cooling and heating on
together when cooling
demanded…
fre e -c o o l
Daytime Operation - Ventilation, Heating / @
Cooling
+ 2 d eg ?
Tspace
Operation
m e c h -c o o l
Run STACK FANS
setpoint+4
setpoint+3
@ + 1?
Open HL and Stack Windows
setpoint+2
if 4 areas in COOL MODE then UNDERFOOR COOLING ON
setpoint+1
COOL MODE
Slab Windows = 10%
setpoint
if 3 areas in HEAT MODE then HEATING ON (radiators and underfloor)
setpoint-1
HEAT MODE
(+/-3 setpoint trim)
h e a t @ -1 ?
trim @ + /-3 ?
Night Cooling Mode
after 4am if Slab Temp (L1,L2) > DaySP-5 and To < Tslab then SLAB Windows OPEN
after midnight if Tspace > DaySP-2 and To > DaySP-4 then UNDERFLOOR COOLING ON
at end occupancy SP->SP-2 and if To < Tspace then Tspace controls HL Windows,
at 4pm if To > 18deg then NIGHT COOL MODE and heating inhibit till 10am
n o trig g e r fo r n ig ht
c o o lin g b a s e d
o n in s id e
te m p e ra tu re s ?
m e c h a n ic a l
cool @
m id n ig h t?
S la b fre e
cool @
4am ?
“faults are common practice in the operation of the building stock as a whole” (Voss et al, 2007).
England – Operational Ratings
Robust design methodology - BIM?
Input parameter variation
Equipment
Output parameter variation
Climate
Design A
Design B
Behaviours
Fabric
Frequency
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
Systems
1
2
3
4
5
6
A n a lo g y to s ilic o n c h ip d e s ig n …
Top - Tcomf (K)
e n e rg y p e rfo rm a n c e
o p tim is a t io n :
b u ild in g , p la n t, c o n tro ls .
c li m a te , p a tte r n s o f u s e .
Controls
b e s t p r a c ti c e
B u il d i n g
CAD
S y s te m
w o rs t-c a s e s im u la tio n s .
B E M S s o f t w a re :
M o n ito ri n g (6 s ig m a , S H ),
fa u lt re s p o n s e s (F M E A ).
s e lf le a rn i n g / a d a p t.
q u a li ty c o n tr o l
c o m m is s io n in g a n d
v a lid a t io n te s t p la n :
v a lid a te ti m e c o n s ta n ts
fe e d b a c k
fa u lt c o v e ra g e , fa u lt
s im u la tio n , w o rs t-c a s e
te s ts .
Scotland – Operational Ratings?
Scottish Energy Systems Group:
Knowledge Transfer in the field of
Building Performance
Paul.Tuohy@strath.ac.uk
Scottish Energy Systems Group:
www.sesg.strath.ac.uk
Paul.Tuohy@strath.ac.uk
SESG Events
SESG Events – May 26th Seminar: BIM
BIM for Engineers and Architects
– What is it? What can it do for me?
Building Information Modelling is a hot topic with potential for
multiple types of analysis from a single building model
created using increasingly available and easy to use tools
(cost, energy, regulation compliance, daylight, massing,
visualisation, ducting, services, structural analysis…)
On the 26th March we will have an event including a morning
of seminar presentations and demonstrations of the latest
developments plus the potential for interactive workshops in
the afternoon.
Presenters confirmed so far include IES, Greenspace,
ProCenseo and ArchiCAD.
SESG Events – May 10th, 31st, Course CEPH
Certified EU Passive House Designer Course
9 day course covers all aspects of Passive House
Construction and Services including Practitioner
presentations, use of the design software (PHPP) and
preparation for the exam leading to Accreditation as
Certified Designer of EU Passive House.
Next course:
Week 1:
Week 2:
Exam:
10th – 14th May
31st May – 3rd June
26th June
SESG Events – Aug 26th, IBPSA Conference
IBPSA Scotland Conference
International Building Performance Simulation Association
(Scotland) will hold their Conference at Strathclyde.
Sessions to include:
• Examples of advanced building simulation applications.
• New simulation software developments.
• Policy, standards or methodology updates.
• Research outputs.
Call for papers to be announced soon.