Part one - Bridge Inspection Policy Manual January 2014
Manual Part one - Bridge Inspection Policy January 2014 Copyright http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/ © State of Queensland (Department of Transport and Main Roads) 2014 Feedback: Please send your feedback regarding this document to: mr.techdocs@tmr.qld.gov.au Bridge Inspection Manual, Transport and Main Roads, January 2014 Amendment Register Issue / Rev no. Reference section Description of revision Authorised by Date 1 N/A Initial release DCE (Structures) June 2004 2 N/A Asbestos Management and Removal content update DCE (Structures) January 2014 Bridge Inspection Manual, Transport and Main Roads, January 2014 i Contents 1 Bridge Asset Management System (BAMS)................................................................................3 1.1 Background and Objectives............................................................................................................ 3 1.2 Scope.............................................................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Accountabilities ............................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.1 General Accountabilities.................................................................................................4 1.3.2 Overview of Responsibility for WHS in Inspections .......................................................5 1.3.3 Safety .............................................................................................................................6 Bridge Information .......................................................................................................................... 6 1.4 1.5 Inspection Requirements ................................................................................................................ 7 1.5.1 Level 1 - Routine Maintenance Inspections ...................................................................7 1.5.2 Level 2 - Bridge Condition Inspections...........................................................................8 1.5.3 Level 3 – Inspection......................................................................................................11 1.5.4 Asbestos Control Measure Identification Inspection ....................................................13 Tables Table 1.7 - Summary of structure inspection frequencies..................................................................... 26 Figures Figure 1.1 - Bridge Asset Management System framework.................................................................. 19 Figure 1.2 - Bridge Asset Management mechanisms ........................................................................... 20 Figure 1.3 - Bridge Information System overview ................................................................................. 21 Figure 1.4 - Procedure for ACM identification inspection...................................................................... 23 Figure 1.5 - Asbestos hazard warning sign ........................................................................................... 24 Figure 1.6 - Procedure for Asbestos verification inspection.................................................................. 25 Bridge Inspection Manual, Transport and Main Roads, January 2014 ii Part one - Bridge Inspection Policy 1 Bridge Asset Management System (BAMS) The BAMS has been developed to ensure that the bridge assets of the Department of Transport and Main Roads (TMR) are managed effectively and efficiently. Bridge inspection and condition rating is an integral component of the BAMS and its relationship with other principal components of the system is shown in the system framework diagram (Figure 1.1) and in the mechanisms used to deliver desired outcomes (Figure 1.2). The primary objective of the BAMS is to establish an integrated and accessible information system for bridge inventory, condition, load capacity and inspection and works history. The Bridge Information System (BIS) has been developed for this purpose, as detailed in the BIS overview (Figure 1.3). 1.1 Background and Objectives Inspection regimes had traditionally been established and managed independently by the various Region and District offices within the constraints of other demands on limited resources. As a consequence there had been a large variation in the extent and frequency of bridge inspections and the format and consistency of the inspection results and records. In order that the network may be managed effectively a systematic statewide inspection and condition rating and monitoring system is required to enable managers to identify maintenance needs, assess the effectiveness of treatments, model patterns of deterioration and forecast future maintenance, rehabilitation and replacement budget needs. This document establishes statewide procedures for inspection and condition rating and includes requirements for inspection scope and frequency, documentation, data management and accreditation levels. It also identifies those responsible for implementing the policy. The purpose of this policy is to ensure that the condition of all structures is systematically monitored to ensure that conditions which may lead to severe structural damage or collapse are identified as soon as possible in order that the appropriate intervention or remedial action may be undertaken. In addition, the data collected from the inspections may be used to: Develop inspection and maintenance programmes. Carry out load capacity assessments. Provide feedback to the design process. Monitor the health of the bridge assets and effectiveness of maintenance treatments on a local or statewide basis. Update the TMR Asbestos Register in accordance with the BAM Advice Note # 139 on Asbestos and provide information for the Bridge Asbestos Management Plan. 1.2 Scope This policy applies to the following structures: All bridges. All culverts that have an opening span, height or diameter greater than 1.8 metres and a waterway area in excess of 3.0 square metres. Bridge Inspection Manual, Transport and Main Roads, January 2014 3 Part one - Bridge Inspection Policy These structures have an opening large enough to: walk through and are therefore capable of being inspected relatively easily. close the road and create a significant safety hazard in the event of structural failure. All structures complying with these criteria will be allocated a unique number in the Bridge Information System (BIS) and in addition will be physically numbered to permit ready identification in the field. However an additional, optional module has been included in the BIS which will permit Regions and Districts to record data on "other" structures if desired. In this event the Regions and Districts can adopt a local numbering system to locally manage these assets. It is anticipated that these smaller structures shall be managed through the RMPC system. The policy also identifies accountabilities for bridge management and establishes the requirements for data management and a systematic inspection and condition rating programme. The latter is achieved through a three level hierarchy of inspections comprising: Level 1 - Routine Maintenance Inspections Level 2 - Bridge Condition Inspections and Level 3 - Detailed Structural Engineering Inspections 1.3 Accountabilities 1.3.1 General Accountabilities Regional Directors are accountable for the management of all bridges on the State controlled road network. These management responsibilities include: Development of uniform, consistent and cost effective inspection programmes; including quality assurance systems, accreditation of inspectors and the co-ordination of joint services among regions and districts. Monitoring the delivery of the bridge inspection programme. Ensuring that Routine Maintenance Inspections are carried out at least once every twelve months, inspection data is monitored and recorded and recommendations are actioned. Ensuring that Bridge Condition Inspections are carried out at the required frequencies, inspection data is monitored and recorded and recommendations are actioned. Ensuring that the required "Maintenance Activities" are recorded, entered in the BIS and managed effectively. Commissioning Detailed Engineering Inspections, investigations and analysis when required, and ensuring that recommendations are actioned. Ensuring that all inspection data is transferred to the Bridge Information System within 30 days of its collection. However, in the event that a defective structure is detected, all inspection data shall be entered into the BIS as soon as is practicably possible. Development of "Structure Management Plans" in accordance with the guidelines in Appendix F. Plans are to be developed in conjunction with Structures Division, for all defective structures. Bridge Inspection Manual, Transport and Main Roads, January 2014 4 Part one - Bridge Inspection Policy Deputy Chief Engineer (Structures) through Director (Bridge Construction Maintenance &Asset Management) is accountable for: Promulgating and monitoring the implementation of this policy. Developing, implementing and maintaining the Bridge Information System and providing the necessary access and reporting mechanisms for all TMR personnel involved in bridge management. Ensuring the technical adequacy of the specified inspection processes. Developing and supporting the technical procedures; including the preparation of the supporting manuals and the training and accreditation programmes necessary to implement this policy. Monitoring the delivery of the bridge inspection programme through a data and physical auditing programme. Supplying the specialist resources to enable Director (BCM&AM) to develop, implement and support the Bridge Inspection Manual and attendant procedures and processes. This includes Bridge Asset Management Section arranging or carrying out detailed structural engineering inspections for the Regions and Districts. Executive Director (Road Network Management) through Director (Roads Information) is accountable for: Providing resources to maintain and audit data that is held in the BIS. Providing resources to develop and maintain the BIS IT system through the ARMIS service request (ASR) system. Providing resources to train and support BIS and mobile-BIS users. Ensuring that current bridge inspection forms are available on the BIS. Maintaining an accredited bridge inspectors register. Supporting the BIS Functional Manager – Director (Bridge Construction Maintenance & Asset Management). 1.3.2 Overview of Responsibility for WHS in Inspections All inspections must comply with the requirements of this manual, the TMR Structures Site Safety Preparation Form ES018 and any applicable legislation, codes of practice, standards and TMR policy/manuals including but not limited to: Workplace Health and Safety Act 2011 Work Health and Safety Regulations 2011 Bridge Asbestos Management Plan All inspectors are responsible for their own personal safety and that of others impacted by inspections at all times. Bridge Inspection Manual, Transport and Main Roads, January 2014 5 Part one - Bridge Inspection Policy TMR demonstrates part of its duty of care for those undertaking inspections and the general public by: Providing a generic list of hazards typical for many inspections. Providing known specific hazards for each structure in the structure information passed onto inspectors (e.g. presence of possible/confirmed asbestos containing materials). Requiring a minimum of two people on site at any given time when inspecting. Requiring inspectors to provide and submit a Safe Work Method Statements (SWMS) for each inspection (or set of inspections) undertaken for review and comment before starting site works. Conducting audit and surveillance to ensure the inspector carries out the inspections as per the SWMS. Requiring inspectors to submit an update of the specific road structures inspection hazards to TMR following site inspections. 1.3.3 Safety As stated above, all inspection procedures shall comply with the relevant rules and regulations of the Workplace Health and Safety Act 2011 and Work Health and Safety Regulation 2011, and all associated Codes of Practice. If the inspection is required from water, any vessel used for the purpose and its operation will be required to satisfy the legal obligations of the Marine Act, other relevant Acts, and associated regulations. Where inspections are carried out on structures located over or under the assets of other Authorities, the relevant regulations and Codes of Practice relating to work on or close to their assets must be adhered to. 1.4 Bridge Information Comprehensive bridge inventory and condition data will be recorded in the Bridge Information System (BIS), which is maintained by the Executive Director (Road Network Management). This system provides accessible and timely information to all TMR personnel involved in bridge management and is integrated with ARMIS. This connects all related bridge and road data through a common location reference system. Refer to Figure 1.3 for an overview of the system. The Regional Director will act as an agent for Executive Director (Road Network Management) and is responsible for entering and managing the inventory, inspection, condition and maintenance data at the local level in accordance with the documented guidelines for the BIS and this manual. Details of the data recording requirements for the various inspection levels are defined in the inspection requirements section. In the past it has not been possible to compare past bridge maintenance expenditure and condition trends. The adoption of the unique numbering system for structural assets will permit the tracking of all expenditure on the asset through the Financial Information Management System (FIMS). Bridge Inspection Manual, Transport and Main Roads, January 2014 6 Part one - Bridge Inspection Policy The development of standard bridge maintenance activity costing procedures within the RMPC and special maintenance and rehabilitation/strengthening programmes would greatly assist this objective. 1.5 Inspection Requirements The safety and condition of bridges on the state road network is monitored through a three level hierarchical bridge inspection regime that was introduced in March 1998. The overall requirements are summarised in the Table 1.5 and the detailed requirements for each category of inspection are listed independently. The frequency of inspections is related to the structure type, age and condition depending on the assessed risk of deterioration or damage. Where annual inspections are specified, they shall be undertaken not less than 10 months nor greater than 14 months after the previous inspection. In the case of biennial inspections, the range is 20-28 months after the previous inspection. If the inspection frequency is three years or greater, then the tolerance is plus or minus six months. 1.5.1 Level 1 - Routine Maintenance Inspections Purpose A visual inspection to check the general serviceability of the structure, particularly for the safety of road users, and identify any emerging problems. Level 1 inspections may be carried out in conjunction with routine maintenance of the structure and the adjacent pavement as part of the Road Maintenance Performance Contract. (RMPC) Scope The scope of a Routine Maintenance Inspection will include: Inspection of approaches, waterway, deck/footway, substructure, superstructure and attached services to assess and report any significant visible signs of distress or unusual behaviour, including active scours or deck joint movements. Check of miscellaneous inventory items, including the type, extent and thickness of the bridge surfacing as well as details of existing services. Recommendation of a Bridge Condition Inspection if warranted by observed distress or unusual behaviour of the structure. Identify maintenance work requirements, and record on the Structure Maintenance Schedule form (M1). Verification of the “Structural Inventory” data held in the BIS as part of the initial inspection and as required thereafter (standard forms can be produced from the BIS for this purpose) Bridge Inspection Manual, Transport and Main Roads, January 2014 7 Part one - Bridge Inspection Policy Procedures and Inspector Accreditation Routine Inspections shall be carried out in accordance with the Bridge Inspection Procedures - Level 1 (Refer to part 3 of the Bridge Inspection Manual) by an accredited Bridge Inspector. Frequency Minimum frequency is generally one inspection per year for all structures, however frequencies may be increased for defective structures as tabulated below or as stipulated in a specific "Structure Management Plan" as per the guidelines in Appendix F. In addition, Routine Maintenance Inspections will also be carried out immediately after flooding, fire or accident damage events. Level 1 inspections are generally not required in the same year as a Level 2 or 3 inspection. Condition State of Structure Inspection Frequency (years) Timber structures and steel culverts in wet environments 1-2 3-4 1* 1** Other structures 1-2 3 4 1* 1 1** Structure Type * Generally not required in same year as Level 2 or 3 inspection ** Level 1 and Level 2 inspection cycles to be staggered by six months to ensure that the structure is inspected every six months Data Recording The inspection is conducted using the "Routine Maintenance Inspection Report" form included in Appendix A. The inspector shall forward a completed Routine Maintenance Inspection Report and, if applicable, a completed Structure Maintenance Schedule form, to the Region / District Office and the Region / District data control officer shall record inspection data and any relevant actions, including the need for a condition or detailed engineering inspection or maintenance requirements, in the Bridge Information System within 30 days of the inspection. In addition the inspector shall forward a completed “Structural Inventory Verification Form” in order that the current BIS data may be positively verified or amended within 30 working days of the first Level 1 inspection 1.5.2 Level 2 - Bridge Condition Inspections Purpose An inspection to assess and rate the condition of a structure (as a basis for assessing the effectiveness of past maintenance treatments, identifying current maintenance needs, modelling and forecasting future changes in condition and estimating future budget requirements). Bridge Inspection Manual, Transport and Main Roads, January 2014 8 Part one - Bridge Inspection Policy Scope The scope of the Bridge Condition Inspection will include: Compiling, verifying and updating inspection inventory element items as appropriate. Visual inspection of the principal bridge components (including measurement of crack widths, etc.) and an assessment of condition using a standard condition rating system as defined in the inspection procedures. Visual inspection to identify any suspected asbestos containing material. The inspection of timber bridges will be supplemented by a drilling investigation, and will also include the identification and reporting of undersized timber members. ‘Soundings’ to determine the presence of active scour. Reporting the condition of the principal bridge components and determining an aggregate rating of the structure as a whole. Identifying and programming preventative maintenance requirements and recording on the Structure Maintenance Schedule form (M1). If access equipment is required to conduct the inspection, then routine / preventative maintenance may also be completed in conjunction with the inspection. Requesting a detailed bridge inspection by a bridge engineer if warranted by apparent rapid changes in structural condition and/or apparent deterioration to condition state 4. Development of "Structure Management Plans" in conjunction with Structures Division for all defective structures. Refer to Appendix F for plan guidelines. Underwater inspections of those elements in permanent standing water at the specified frequency. Recommending requirements for the next inspection and nominating components for closer monitoring as appropriate. Recommending supplementary testing as appropriate. Completion of the “Design Inventory” data held in the BIS as part of the initial inspection and as required thereafter (standard forms can be produced from the BIS for this purpose) As these inspections may be carried out with the use of an Under Bridge Inspection Unit (UBIU), it is recommended that on such occasions Region / District personnel take advantage of the availability of the UBIU and conduct routine maintenance on those components not normally accessible, such as bearings. Condition Rating The condition rating system shall reflect the performance, integrity and durability of the structure and its principal components. The assessment of the nature and extent of defects shall be detailed in the procedures as appropriate to each component type. The overall structure condition rating is based on the condition of its principal load bearing components as described in Section 3.8.6 of Part Three. The condition ratings have been developed to represent the easily discernible stages of deterioration as tabulated below. Bridge Inspection Manual, Transport and Main Roads, January 2014 9 Part one - Bridge Inspection Policy Condition State Subjective Rating 1 Good 2 Fair Free of defects affecting structural performance, integrity and durability 3 Poor Defects affecting the durability which require monitoring, detailed structural engineering inspection or maintenance. 4 Very Poor Defects affecting the performance and structural integrity of the structure which require urgent action as determined by a detailed structural engineering inspection. 5 (whole structure rating only) Unsafe Description Free of defects Bridge must be closed. Procedures and Accreditation Bridge Condition Inspections shall be carried out in accordance with Bridge Inspection Procedures Level 2 (Refer to Part Three of the Bridge Inspection Manual) by an experienced Bridge Inspector or Bridge Engineer who has attended a Level 2 training course and who has fulfilled the accreditation requirements stipulated in Appendix E. Frequency All new structures shall be given a Level 2 inspection prior to the end of the Defects Liability period for the construction contract, and thereafter generally in accordance with the frequencies tabulated below. The frequency of inspecting defective structures may be increased as stipulated in a specific "Structures Management Plan" Condition State of Structure Inspection Frequency (years) Timber or steel culverts in wet environments 1-2 3 2 1** Other 1-2 3 5 3 Components Under Water 1-2 3 8 1 4 1** with "Structures Management Plan" Structure Type All ** Level 1 and Level 2 inspection cycles to be staggered by six months to ensure that the structure is inspected every six months These standard frequencies may be modified as a result of recommendations in a Detailed Engineering Inspection Report, and as agreed in the "Structure Management Plan" (refer Appendix F). Additional Level 2 inspections will be required when: Recommended in a Level 1 - Routine Maintenance Inspection Report; Bridge Inspection Manual, Transport and Main Roads, January 2014 10 Part one - Bridge Inspection Policy Major maintenance, rehabilitations or other modifications have been carried out; and Detailed Engineering Inspections are carried out. Data Recording The inspector shall provide a report of the condition of the principal components of the structure, by defect and extent, in accordance with the standard components and report proforma defined in Part 3 - Procedures - Level 2. The completed report shall be downloaded from the data capture tool or entered manually in the Bridge Information System within 30 working days of the inspections. However, in the event that a defective structure is detected, all inspection data should be entered as soon as is practicably possible. The Regional data control officer shall ensure that the inventory and condition data are in the correct format and compatible with existing entries. This data and any recommended actions including inspection inventory amendments and the need for a Detailed Engineering Inspection or maintenance requirements shall be entered in the BIS. In addition, the inspector shall forward a completed “Design Inventory Verification Form” in order that the current BIS data may be positively verified or amended within 30 working days of the first Level 2 bridge inspection. If any bridge elements are suspected of containing asbestos, inspectors shall request that the regional ARMIS operator or BAM record the possibility that the bridge contains asbestos hazard on the “Structural Environment” screen of the “Structure Inventory” of the BIS by ticking the “contaminated site” box and entering the “contamination description”. The details will be automatically populated in the “Site Hazard” screen of the “Inspection Inventory” but the entry must be updated on completion of any subsequent inspections (ACM Identification Inspection or Asbestos Verification Inspection) to include findings. 1.5.3 Level 3 – Inspection A Level 3 Inspection of a structure may be either an: Structural engineering investigation, or Structural engineering inspection 1.5.3.1 Structural Engineering Investigation Purpose An investigation to better understand and / or manage the structure. Scope The scope of an Investigation may be: Undertake numerical modelling or other calculations Bridge Inspection Manual, Transport and Main Roads, January 2014 11 Part one - Bridge Inspection Policy To prepare a Structural Management Plan based on Level 2 inspection data that the engineer believes is comprehensive and adequately describes the structure. This occurs where it is considered that the risk can be adequately managed with known data without visiting the site again. Management of Potentially Structurally Deficient Bridges based on Level 2 inspection and other data that the engineer believes is comprehensive and adequate to determine if the theoretical deficiency is consistent with the observed condition of the bridge component. This occurs where it is considered that the risk can be adequately managed with known data without visiting the site again. 1.5.3.2 Structural Engineering Inspection Purpose An extensive inspection, which may include physical testing and structural analysis to assess the structural condition and behaviour of a structure, to identify and quantify the current and projected deterioration of the structure, and to assess appropriate management options. Scope The scope of a detailed Engineering Inspection and analysis will include one or more of the following: Auditing the performance of the Region / Districts Inspection Regime with respect to the structure. Detailed inspection of all relevant bridge components, including measurement, testing and analyses as necessary to supplement visual inspection. Reporting the condition, structural adequacy, evidence of distress, mode of deterioration and projected deterioration. A detailed inspection to determine if the bridge has distress compatible with theoretical deficiencies in a Potentially Structurally Deficient Bridge Structural Health Monitoring to better understand the actual performance of the structure To better understand a Level 2 report. A Level 3 Inspection may be triggered by a Level 2 Bridge Condition Inspection Report or ordered as part of other activities. Development of "Structure Management Plans" in conjunction with the Region / Districts as required. Refer to Appendix F for plan guidelines. Recommendations of management actions and/or maintenance/rehabilitation treatment options. Procedures and Inspector Accreditation Detailed Structural Engineering Inspections shall be carried out in accordance with Bridge Inspection Procedures - Level 3, (Refer to Part 3 of the Bridge Inspection Manual) by or under the supervision of an experienced RPEQ bridge engineer. Inspections must be arranged through the Director (Bridge Bridge Inspection Manual, Transport and Main Roads, January 2014 12 Part one - Bridge Inspection Policy Construction Maintenance and Asset Management) of Structures Division. Structures Division is the preferred supplier of inspection services. Frequency Unlike a Level 1 and Level 2 that are undertaken at predetermined frequency, a Level 3 Inspection or Investigation on a needs basis. A detailed Engineering Inspection will be carried out in one of the following circumstances: In order to assess the condition of a structure prior to carrying out programmed works such as rehabilitation, strengthening or widening. A Level 3 Inspection may be carried out in one of the following circumstance: As the result of recommendations in a Level 2 Bridge Condition Inspection Report which has rated the structure condition as poor or a principal component in Condition State 3 or 4. To provide a Load Rating for the structure. To examine the difference between a theoretically structural deficient bridge to determine if the bridge exhibits distress compatible with the calculations. In some circumstances, bridges may be grouped in families of similar structures. To prepare SMP or other reports Data Recording The inspecting engineer shall provide a written report to the Regional Director with a copy to the Director (Bridge Construction Maintenance and Asset Management) Structures Division, within 60 days of the inspection. This detailed engineering report shall include: Assessments of load capacity and condition (including a Level 2 report, where applicable) Recommendations for further investigation and testing, remedial action and future inspection and monitoring regime as required. A "Structure Management Plan" if required (refer Appendix F). The Regional Director shall consider the recommendations of the report and initiate the necessary actions. If the Regional Director does not agree with the recommendations a response to that effect shall be made in writing to the inspecting engineer and copied to the Director (Bridge Construction Maintenance Asset Management) within 30 days of receipt of the inspection report. A copy of the final report shall be forwarded to the Director (Bridge Construction Maintenance and Asset Management) who shall be responsible for entering the Level 3 inspection into the Bridge Information System (BIS) within 30 days of completion of the report. 1.5.4 Asbestos Control Measure Identification Inspection Background The hazards associated with exposure to airborne asbestos fibres are well documented and there are numerous documents available relating to the management of asbestos. However, to effectively mitigate any risks associated with potential asbestos exposure when inspecting/working on highway Bridge Inspection Manual, Transport and Main Roads, January 2014 13 Part one - Bridge Inspection Policy structures, TMR has prepared the ‘Bridge Asbestos Management Plan’ (BAMP) which outlines the roles, responsibilities and necessary steps required when working in the presence of asbestos containing material (ACM). In accordance with legislative requirements to prepare and maintain an asbestos register, the BIS has been amended to register ACM in structures and is being maintained up to date by BCM&AM. Asbestos may be present in highway structures constructed before 2003. Possible locations of ACM include: Permanent/ sacrificial formwork between girders on concrete and steel girder constructed bridges Deck unit constructed bridges with cast-in situ bridge decks (i.e. no post-tensioning) External and internal service mains pipelines such as stormwater and sewer pipes Service pits Internal service conduits Half pipes for drainage channels Drainage systems on bridges or in close proximity to bridge Asbestos bonded buried corrugated metal culverts. It is almost certain that any compressed fibre products used on structures constructed and completed prior to 1985 will contain asbestos. The probability that asbestos is impregnated in compressed fibre products declines from 1986 – 2003. ACM is unlikely to be present in the following: Transversely stressed precast deck unit superstructures Concrete box girder superstructures. Note: The presence of ACM does not in itself represent a hazard to the safety of employees or the community at large. Inhalation of airborne fibres represents the safety concern and hence it is only when ACM is disturbed either accidentally (e.g. vehicle impact) or intentionally through activities such as strengthening, refurbishment or demolition that the ACM becomes a hazard. No disturbance can reasonably be expected to occur through routine maintenance activities or inspections (Level 1 and Level 2). Purpose The role of BCM&AM, through the Program Manager, Statewide Structures Management Project (SSMP) is to facilitate the identification of structures with the potential for ACM. The purpose is to identify the potential permanent/sacrificial inclusion of asbestos on TMR structures. These inspections will be conducted to ensure that the TMR asbestos register is up to date with the WHS counterpart. Bridge Inspection Manual, Transport and Main Roads, January 2014 14 Part one - Bridge Inspection Policy Scope For structures other than those where there are reasonable grounds to believe asbestos is not present, the Program Manager will make arrangements for a visual inspection by an experienced Level 2 TMR bridge inspector. This is a one-off inspection undertaken on structures with the potential for ACM, as identified in the TMR Bridge Asbestos Register, to visually confirm the presence of potential ACM. Under no circumstances shall suspected ACM be disturbed during the inspection. The inspection may be undertaken as part of programmed Level 1 or Level 2 inspections subject to the inspector being made aware of this requirement prior to the inspection. This inspection will not involve hands-on practices (i.e. using under bridge inspection unit (UBIU) or similar equipment). Procedures and Inspector Accreditation ACM Identification Inspections shall be carried out in accordance with the procedures for ACM Identification Inspections outlined in Part 3 of this manual and Technical Advice Notes 139. The outline procedure to be followed is illustrated in Figure 1.4. ACM Identification Inspections must be completed by a TMR accredited Level 2 inspector. Frequency The inspection will be undertaken once only, at the earliest available opportunity as part of the Level 1 (subject to experience/accreditation of person undertaking the inspection) or Level 2 inspection program. Data Recording It is essential that the existence of a potential asbestos containing product at a bridge be identified to ensure that TMR staff or contractors and consultants who may be engaged to work on the bridge are aware of the hazard. The results and data obtained by the inspection shall be recorded in the Bridge Information System (BIS) asbestos register managed by BCM&AM. On completion of the ACM Identification Inspection the following actions shall be completed: If no elements, that may contain asbestos, are identified, o the asbestos register shall be updated with the following statement: “There are reasonable grounds to believe asbestos containing material is not present” If elements are identified that may contain asbestos: o Advise WHS that a check has been conducted and potential asbestos containing material has been identified. o Place a minimum of six “Asbestos Present” signs on the structure (refer Figure 1.5). One sign to be located at each corner of the structure and one on each abutment (or equivalent) clearly visible from beneath the structure. Where access to any span of a Bridge Inspection Manual, Transport and Main Roads, January 2014 15 Part one - Bridge Inspection Policy multi-span structure is feasible without sighting either abutment then signage shall also be erected on the face of each pier facing the accessible span. o o Update the asbestos register with the following information captured during the inspection: Date of inspection Date of data entry to asbestos register Location and representative photographs of elements suspected of containing asbestos Approximate quantity of ACM and unit of measurement (m2, m, number) Does element appear friable? (yes/no answer based on visual assessment only) Is ACM easily accessible by public? (yes/no answer) Is there a likelihood of damage or deterioration occurring (yes/no answer based on judgment) Is there potential for disturbance of material during routine maintenance activities? (yes/no answer) Access requirements for undertaking Asbestos Verification Inspection Exceptions report identifying areas of the structure with potential ACM that were not inspected Is the presence of asbestos able to be confirmed based on the visual inspection only? (e.g. testing already undertaken on similar components on identical structures constructed on same length of highway under the same contract). In addition, the asbestos register shall be updated with the date that “asbestos present” warning signs were installed on site. Asbestos Verification Inspection Purpose This requires the Program Manager, Statewide Structures Management Project (SSMP) to engage an accredited National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA) to conduct tests under ISO 17020.The purpose of the Asbestos Verification Inspection is to confirm the presence of asbestos in suspected ACM where the material may be disturbed through any proposed activity on the structure. This procedure is in accordance with the relevant acts, regulations and codes of practice. Bridge Inspection Manual, Transport and Main Roads, January 2014 16 Part one - Bridge Inspection Policy Scope This inspection will involve hands-on practices (i.e. using under bridge inspection unit (UBIU) or similar equipment) to gain access to the areas of concern and may involve the breaking back of limited areas of concrete to facilitate removal of samples for testing by a National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA) accredited laboratory under ISO 17020. Procedures and Inspector Accreditation Asbestos Verification Inspections shall be carried out on any structure with suspected ACM (as noted in the asbestos register) where proposed activities may result in disturbance of the suspected ACM. Inspections must be undertaken in accordance with the procedures for Asbestos Verification Inspections outlined in Part 3 of this manual and Technical Advice Note 139. The outline procedure to be followed is illustrated in Figure 1.6. Asbestos Verification Inspections must be undertaken by a licensed asbestos assessor and testing must be undertaken by a NATA accredited laboratory. Frequency The inspection will be undertaken once only, during the planning stage activities that may result in the disturbance of the suspected ACM. Data Recording It is essential that presence of asbestos be identified to ensure that TMR staff or contractors and consultants who may be engaged to work on the bridge are aware of the hazard and that appropriate control measures can be implemented. The results and data obtained by the inspection shall be recorded in the Bridge Information System (BIS) asbestos register managed by BCM&AM. On completion of the Asbestos Verification inspection the following actions shall be completed: Update the asbestos register with the following information captured during the inspection: o Date of inspection. o Name and license number of the licensed asbestos assessor. o Is asbestos present (yes/no answer). In addition, a copy of the inspection report shall be uploaded into the BIS. Where no traces of asbestos are found in the suspected ACM: o update asbestos register with the following statement: “Laboratory testing of Element Name undertaken on date of inspection confirms no asbestos. Refer report reference number - XYZ”. o If there are no other elements with suspected ACM in the structure, remove asbestos warning signs from the structure. Bridge Inspection Manual, Transport and Main Roads, January 2014 17 Part one - Bridge Inspection Policy If asbestos is detected in the suspected ACM: o Advise WHS that a check has been conducted and asbestos has been confirmed. o Update asbestos register with the following statement: “Laboratory testing of Element Name undertaken on date of inspection confirms the presence of asbestos. Refer report reference number - XYZ”. o Update asbestos register with the condition of the ACM (e.g. “good condition, sealed and coated” or “poor condition, cracked, not sealed” etc.). o Advise person responsible for managing the proposed activities (resulting in disturbance of the suspected ACM) of the inspection findings and the need to implement appropriate control measures. Bridge Inspection Manual, Transport and Main Roads, January 2014 18 Part one - Bridge Inspection Policy Figure 1.1 - Bridge Asset Management System framework INSPECTION SYSTEM Bridge Inspection Manual MRS 11.87 – Timber Bridge Materials Specification Repair techniques Bridge Maintenance Manual Whole of Life Assessments Management of Defective and Sub-Standard Bridges Policy and accountabilities Inspector accreditation & auditing N.D.T. research Maintenance requirements Level 3 inspections STRUCTURE CAPACITIES MAINTENANCE SYSTEM Whichbridge Maintenance Prioritisation tool Timber Bridge Maintenance Manual Inspection frequencies Competency training Inspector Handbook BRIDGE INFORMATION SYSTEM Structural Inventory (Location, Geometry, etc.) Design Inventory (Design Data, Equivalence Ratings, etc.) Inspection Inventory (Element Inventory, Condition, etc.) Bridge Asbestos Inventory Maintenance Activities Whichbridge Interface Standard Reports Mobile B.I.S. Incorporation of Whichbridge Bridge Sufficiency Analysis Structure Equivalence Rating methodology Specific bridge assessments for Excess Mass Vehicle permits Assessed Design Classes 48t Crane Access Maps Vulnerable Asset Maps Timber bridge capacity research Quickbridge – Rapid Analysis Tool Technical input for Vehicle Limits Manual Region/District guidelines for assessing structures for permits 80t Crane Access Maps HLP Access Maps Population of Equivalence Ratings and Design Capacity FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Valuation (Bridges and Culverts) ADVICE NOTES DATABASE Operational Support Inspection Costs Maintenance Expenditure Construction Costs Pre-Construction Costs KEY Currently operational To be implemented Road User Costs Bridge Inspection Manual, Transport and Main Roads, January 2014 19 Part one - Bridge Inspection Policy Figure 1.2 - Bridge Asset Management mechanisms Whole of Government desired outcomes Current Policy, Procedure and Data Collection Bridge Inspection System * Efficient and effective transport to support industry competitiveness and growth - Bridge Inspection Manual (BIM) - Inspector accreditation / auditing - Level 3 inspections Bridge Maintenance System * Safer roads to support safer communities - Timber Bridge Maintenance Manual (draft) - Timber material specification (MRS 11.87) - Management of Defective and Sub-Standard Structures BRIDGE INFORMATION SYSTEM (BIS) database - see Figure 1.3 1. Structure Inventory - Key feature descriptors such as ID number, location, construction and material type - Hydraulic data - Deficiency inventory 2. Design Inventory - Design capacity data - Vehicle-specific Equivalence Ratings (accessible only by BAM) 3. Inspection Inventory - Overall structure condition - Individual element condition - Defect photographs and sketches - Bridge Asbestos information * Fair access and amenity to support liveable communities Structural Capacities - Excess Mass Permit System - Vehicle Limits Manual - Structural equivalence rating methodology - 48t crane maps - Vulnerable Asset maps - Special Excess Mass Assessments by BAM 4. Maintenance Inventory - Maintenance activity backlog - Cost estimate of programmed works - Works and cost history 5. Prioritisation (module) - Data extraction facility for use with 'Whichbridge' Data analysis WHICHBRIDGE - An 'MS-Access' application that is driven by data extracted directly from the BIS. It calculates relative risk scores by means of a multi-criteria assessment of various structural, social, economic and traffic criteria. DATABROWSER Data querying tool that is used to develop specific reports on demand. They are used to; - Prepare 'State of Network' reports for Senior Management - Address specific district needs - Derive bridge details, such as design class and current condition, for excess mass applications - Access the 'Materialised views' tables MAPPING TOOLS - Used to present data geographically. STANDARD BIS OUTPUTS - Series of standard reports - refer Figure 1.3 QUICKBRIDGE - An 'MS-Access' application which models bridges and analyses them under vehicular loads using a 'Spacegass' grillage Outputs OUTCOMES Main Roads - Detailed asset inventory compiled in accordance with BIS methodology - Known condition of structures delivered by accredited inspectors using the robust BIM methodology - Defects and maintenance activities identified for each structure - Bridges with potential Asbestos Containing Materials identified for further asbestos management plan - Management actions can be prioritised using 'Whichbridge' and policy for the 'Management of Defective and Sub-Standard Structures' - Defensible programme development from non-feasance and risk perspectives - Consistent and practical quantification of bridge capacity in terms of standard vehicle types. Allows rapid assessment of permit applications and appropriate asset protection measures. - Development of excess mass vehicle 'access' maps to allow route planing by industry and protection of assets - Research projects to rationalise gap between theoretical capacity and observed performance, and quantify effects of deterioration in terms of capacity - Guidelines and training for bridge management personnel - Cost savings through targeted maintenance - Efficient management of structural assets - Protection of assets - Defensible maintenance programmes and access levels - Safe working environment for bridge personnel Industry - Cost savings to transport industry through improved efficiency - Provides the availability to construct major industrial complexes by delivering heavy plant items to mines, power stations, etc - Equity of access for heavy loads - No unnecessary restrictions Community - No unnecessary restrictions to access or deveopment Updated information fed back into BIS and re-analysed on a continuous basis Bridge Inspection Manual, Transport and Main Roads, January 2014 20 Part one - Bridge Inspection Policy H Figure 1.3 - Bridge Information System overview Bridge Information System • Inspection methodology • Inspection manual • Bridge Information System • Heavy vehicle assessment/ management Inspection inventory • Asset management reporting • Maintenance prioritisation. BAMS requires that all structures undergo periodic inspection. Details of the inspections are managed by the inspection inventory module. It caters for: • recording and reporting of three levels of inspection, • printing of pre-printed or blank inspection forms, • recording of special inspection requirements. Introducing BIS What is a structure? • All Transport and Main Roads owned bridges or culverts with a diameter of more than 1.8m and a waterway area in excess of 3m. • Minor structures including pipes and culverts of smaller size. • Obstructions, i.e. any other feature over a State-owned road, e.g. overhead signs, gantries etc. In Queensland, this currently comprises some 3,000 bridges and over 10,000 major culverts that have a current replacement value in excess of two billion dollars. BAMS The system developed to manage structures within Transport and Main Roads is the Bridge Asset Management System (BAMS). It comprises a number of integrated processes covering: • Policy is its ability to store and retrieve an image of the plans. The Bridge Information System or BIS is the computer system where records that support BAMS are stored, maintained and analysed. Its main modules are: • Structure Inventory • Design Inventory • Inspection Inventory • Maintenance Activities • Load Capacity Inventory. In addition to the ‘diary’ functions and standard reports that are available to aid the inspection scheduling process, the system maintains a full history of inspections and their results. These may include photographs and/or sketches. Further development of the system will provide for The accredited inspector register is held and heavy vehicle routing and network performance managed in the BIS. analysis. feature allows stewards to approve activities and create maintenance jobs at a bridge or group of bridges level. Actual costs can be recorded to generate a works history for the structure and estimate/costs comparisons. Several reports are available to assist network managers maintain the bridge stock. Mobile BIS The core system is based on the ARMIS (A Road Management Information System) architecture and servers and requires connection to the department’s data network. Another version has been developed which complements the core system. Known as mobile BIS, it allows data to be replicated onto a laptop PC for update in the field. The main database can be synchronized with the updates when staff return to the office. The Mobile BIS allows inspectors to capture bridge Maintenance activities Structure inventory The inventory is the heart of BIS. It records the key features of the structure, including its unique ID, its construction type, material, location and hydraulic data. This module provides a mechanism for creating a backlog of maintenance activities to address defects identified in the inspections and to compile a detailed estimate for the works. The "maintain jobs" Design inventory This area of BIS records the structure’s construction details, its superstructure, substructure, design details, component details and services. An advanced feature of this module Bridge Inspection Manual, Transport and Main Roads, January 2014 21 Part one - Bridge Inspection Policy inspection data, identify defects and compile the maintenance backlog and estimate in the field. Standard outputs The number of standard reports available from the system is indicated by the following list: BIS reports • Structure Listing • Structure Details (overview, location, geometry, environment, hydraulics, deficiencies, photographs) • Design Detail • Timber Drilling Survey Reports • Bridge Asbestos Reports. A number of additional reports are prepared by the Bridge Asset Management section of the Road Systems and Engineering Division of Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads, based on data extracted from the BIS using the data browser query tool or the prioritisation extract file. Asset management reports • Progress Report • Trends in Inspection • Outstanding Inspections • Modified Structure • Inspection Summary • Condition Rating • • Progress of the Bridge and Culvert Inspection Program • Trends in Bridge condition Next Inspection • • No Inspection Data • Components in Poor Condition • Defective bridges by severity and trend thereof • Mapping of the bridge data • Bridge Asbestos information • Completed Inspections • Maintenance Activities Detail Listing (bridge or job) • Bridge Asbestos Register Inspection ction reports • Structure Condition Inspection Report • Defective Components Report • Standard Procedure Exceptions Report • Photographic and Sketches Record Bridge and Culvert Inspection Status Heavy vehicle management • Vulnerable Asset maps • 48t Mobile Crane bridge crossing restrictions maps. file extracted from • BIS to calculate bridge and bridge group risk scores. BIS data sources • Road Reference/Road Inventory (RR/RI) for location information as well as other information such as date of last reseal. • Road Maintenance Performance Contracts (RMPC) for maintenance activity details Summary • BIS is an integrated suite of modules and provides a complete view of the structures maintained by Transport and Main Roads. The system architecture gives a solid foundation for current and anticipated needs • It supports enhanced decision making by providing timely and up to date information on the status of structure assets • Planning tools assist the districts in planning structure maintenance • The system gives detailed insights into the capacity of the State-controlled road network (SCRN) • BIS includes a comprehensive reporting facility that assists operational and head office staff manage the bridge assets • Data extracted from the BIS allows detailed assessment and strategic analysis of the State- controlled structures and assists the Department in the further development of the Road Network Strategy, the Roads Implementation Plan and Asset Valuation. • Heavy vehicle management makes significant use of information in BIS. Development of effective management systems to ensure the safety of road users, and to maximise the performance of the bridge asset, are dependent on the quality and accuracy of the data in BIS. • The information is also used for a variety of external reporting requirements. CONTACT Bridge Asset Management Branch Floor 13 Brisbane City - 313 Adelaide Street Brisbane City Qld 4000 Bob Barrett Principal Engineer (Structure Stewardship) Structures Phone: (07) 3066 8503 Fax: (07) 3066 2065 Email: bob.a.barrett@tmr.qld.gov.au Prioritisiation • The "Whichbridge" software uses a data Bridge Inspection Manual, Transport and Main Roads, January 2014 22 Part one - Bridge Inspection Policy Figure 1.4 - Procedure for ACM identification inspection Inspection Program Is ACM identified in the No No ACM Identification Bridge Asbestos Register? Yes Has ACM Identification No ACM Identification Inspection required. Yes Inspection been previously completed? No Undertake ACM Identification Inspection No Is suspected ACM visible in any of the structure components? Yes Update asbestos register with the following statement: “There are reasonable grounds to believe asbestos containing material is not present.” Advise Asbestos Controller that a check has been conducted and suspected asbestos containing material has been identified. Install minimum six “asbestos present” signs on the structure (additional signage to be installed where spans can be accessed without sighting either abutment). Update the asbestos registers with the following: Note: The presence of ACM does not in itself represent a hazard to the safety of employees or the community at large. Inhalation of airborne fibres represents the safety concern and hence it is only when ACM is disturbed either accidentally (e.g. vehicle impact) or intentionally through activities such as strengthening, refurbishment or demolition that the ACM becomes a hazard. No disturbance can reasonably be expected to occur through routine maintenance activities or Date of inspection Date of data entry to asbestos register Location and representative photographs of suspected ACM Does ACM appear friable (yes/no) Is ACM easily accessible by public (yes/no) Is there likelihood of damage deterioration occurring (yes/no) Is there potential for disturbance of ACM during routine maintenance activities (yes/no) inspections (Level 1 and Level 2). Bridge Inspection Manual, Transport and Main Roads, January 2014 23 Part one - Bridge Inspection Policy Figure 1.5 - Asbestos hazard warning sign Bridge Inspection Manual, Transport and Main Roads, January 2014 24 Part one - Bridge Inspection Policy Figure 1.6 - Procedure for Asbestos verification inspection Start Are activities likely to disturb suspected ACM planned?* No * Activities likely to result in disturbance of ACM include: heavy maintenance Does BAR indicate if Asbestos Verification Inspection has previously been undertaken? invert lining of asbestos bonded culverts Yes Yes No Asbestos Verification Inspection required. widening strengthening impact repair replacement of drainage systems or service ducts No Undertake Asbestos Verification Inspection No Advise Asbestos Controller that a check has been conducted and there is no asbestos present. Update the asbestos registers with the following information captured during the inspection: Is asbestos present in any of the suspected ACM components? Yes Advise Asbestos Controller that a check has been conducted and asbestos has been confirmed. Update the asbestos registers with the following information captured during the inspection: Date of inspection Name and license number of the licensed asbestos assessor. Add the following statement: “Laboratory Update asbestos register with the following statement: “Laboratory testing of ‘Component Name’ undertaken on ‘date of inspection ‘confirms the presence of asbestos. Refer report reference number - XYZ” Update asbestos register with the condition of the ACM (e.g. “good condition, sealed and coated” or “poor condition, cracked, not sealed” etc.). Advise person responsible for managing the proposed activities (resulting in disturbance of the suspected ACM) of the inspection findings and the need to implement appropriate control measures. Are there are any other elements with suspected ACM in the structure? Date of inspection Name and license number of the licensed asbestos assessor. No Remove asbestos warning signs from the structure. Bridge Inspection Manual, Transport and Main Roads, January 2014 25 Part one - Bridge Inspection Policy Table 1.7 - Summary of structure inspection frequencies Inspection Category Level 1: Routine Maintenance Level 2: Condition Ratings Level 3: Special Structure Type Inspection frequency in months CS 1 CS 2 CS 3 CS 4 Timber or Steel Culverts# 12* 12* 12** 12** Other 12* 12* 12* 12** Timber or Steel Culverts# 24 24 12** 12** + SMP Other 60 60 36 12** + SMP Underwater Components## 96 96 12 12** + SMP All As required * Routine Level 1 inspections are not generally required in the same year as a Level 2 or Level 3 inspection. ** Level 1 and Level 2 annual inspection cycles are to be staggered by six months to ensure that the structure is inspected every six months. # Only those steel culverts that are in permanent standing water. ## Only those components (other than steel culverts) that are in permanent standing water. SMP: Structure Management Plan. A management plan shall be developed by regions and districts in conjunction with Structures Division for all structures that have been rated in Condition State 4. This shall define the required inspection regime, repair or replacement strategy and operational issues such as load, width and vehicle mass limit restrictions. Refer to Appendix F for guidelines on the development of management plans. Notes: 1. A Level 1 inspection is required following major flooding events, fire or accident damage and as recommended in a "Defective Structure Management Plan" or recommended by a Bridge Engineer. 2. Where annual inspections are called for, they should be undertaken not less than 10 months nor greater than 14 months after the previous inspection, for biennial inspections the range is 20 to 28 months, for frequencies of 36 months or greater the range is plus or minus 6 months. Bridge Inspection Manual, Transport and Main Roads, January 2014 26
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