1. health and fitness
2. dental care

July 2014, VOL. 145 NO. 7
EDITOR
Michael Glick, DMD, dean, School of Dental Medicine,
University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Dentistry and Medicine
Douglas E. Peterson, DMD, PhD, professor of oral
medicine, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut,
Farmington; and chair, Program in Head and Neck Cancer and
Oral Oncology, Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of
Connecticut Health Center, Farmington
Esthetic, Restorative and Implant Dentistry
Keith Phillips, DMD, MSD, affiliate associate professor, Department
of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of
Washington, Seattle
Evidence-Based Dental Practice
James D. Bader, DDS, MPH, research professor, Operative Dentistry,
School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Michael A. Siegel, DDS, MS, FDS, RCSEd, professor and chair,
Department of Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dental Medicine,
Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale-Davie, Fla.; and past
president, American Academy of Oral Medicine
JournalScan: Selections From the Current Literature
Bruce L. Pihlstrom, DDS, MS, professor emeritus,
Department of Surgical and Developmental Sciences,
School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
Nutrition
Published in collaboration with the Nutrition Research Group of the
International Association for Dental Research
Riva Touger-Decker, PhD, RD, FADA, professor and chair,
Department of Nutritional Sciences—School of Health Related
Professions, director, Division of Nutrition, Rutgers School of Dental
Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark; and
councilor, Nutrition Research Group, International Association for
Dental Research
Research
Bruce L. Pihlstrom, DDS, MS, professor emeritus,
Department of Surgical and Developmental Sciences, School of
Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
Pain Management
Published in collaboration with the Neuroscience Group
of the International Association for Dental Research
Charles S. Greene, DDS, clinical professor, Department
of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois
at Chicago; and member, Neuroscience Group, International Association for Dental Research
SECTION EDITORS
STATISTICAL EDITORS
Diagnostic Challenge
Published in collaboration with the American Academy
of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and the American
Academy of Oral Medicine
Catherine M. Flaitz, DDS, MS, professor, Departments
of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences and Pediatric
Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas
Health Science Center at Houston
Al M. Best III, PhD, director of faculty research development;
professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry;
and professor, Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine,
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
Barbara Greenberg, PhD, professor and chair, Department of
Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Health Sciences and
Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, N.Y.
SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION
Nonmember subscription inquiries and requests for back issues should be addressed to Subscription Department, American Dental Association, Publishing Division.
Association members should address all inquiries to Department of Membership, American Dental Association.
The Journal of the American Dental Association, JADA (ISSN 0002-8177), is published monthly by American Dental Association, Publishing Division,
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BPA Member Business Publications Audit. Vol. 145, No. 7, pages 681-784.
Member subscriptions: 1-312-440-2614
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Guidelines for Authors: www.ada.org/995.aspx
Classified advertising: 1-312-440-2742
Advertising sales: 1-312-440-2740
ADA Headquarters: The central telephone number is 1-312-440-2500. The ADA’s toll-free phone number can be found on
the front of your membership card.
686 JADA 145(7) http://jada.ada.org July 2014
Copyright © 2014 American Dental Association. All Rights Reserved.
EDITORIAL BOARD
Stephen C. Bayne, PhD, MS, professor and chair, Department of
Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Paul S. Casamassimo, DDS, MS, chief of dentistry, Nationwide
Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; and professor of pediatric
dentistry, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus
Lois Cohen, PhD, consultant, National Institute of Dental and
Craniofacial R
­ esearch, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department
of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Md.
Mark Donaldson, BSc (Pharm), PharmD, director of pharmacy
services, Kalispell Regional Medical Center, Kalispell, Mont.
Dennis W. Engel, DDS, private practitioner, Mequon, Wis.
Judith A. Jones, DDS, MPH, DScD, professor and chair, Department
of General Dentistry, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine,
Boston University
Mel L. Kantor, DDS, MPH, PhD, professor, Department of Oral
Health Practice, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky,
Lexington
Dushanka V. Kleinman, DDS, MScD, associate dean for research
and academic affairs and professor, Department of Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College
Park
Kent D. Nash, PhD, economist and president, Nash & Associates,
College Station, Texas
Terry G. O’Toole, DDS, director, Dental Healthcare Analysis,
Veterans Health Administration Office of Dentistry, Department of
Veterans Affairs, Washington
David C. Sarrett, DMD, MS, dean, School of Dentistry, and associate
vice president for health sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University,
Richmond
Eli Schwarz, KOD, DDS, MPH, PhD, FHKAM, FCDSHK, FACD,
chair, Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry,
Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
Katie E. Sowa, BS, editor-in-chief, American Student Dental
Association, Chicago
JADA 145(7) http://jada.ada.org July 2014 687
Copyright © 2014 American Dental Association. All Rights Reserved.
International Editorial Board
A. Enrique Acosta Gío, DDS, PhD, professor of immunology and
microbiology and head of infection control and occupational safety,
School of Dentistry, National University of Mexico, Mexico City
William W.M. Cheung, DMD, continuing education programme
manager, Asia Pacific Region, FDI World Dental Federation; honorary
associate professor, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong;
and private practitioner, Hong Kong
Martin H. Hobdell, BDS, MA, PhD, visiting professor, Department of
Epidemiology and Public Health, University College, London
Mats Jontell, DDS, PhD, professor, Clinic of Oral Medicine, Faculty of
Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Sweden
Jonathan Mann, DMD, MSc, professor and chairman, Faculty of
Dental Medicine, The Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Hebrew
University, Jerusalem
Tao Xu, DMD, PhD, professor and dean, School of Stomatology,
Peking University, Beijing
EDITORS OF JADA International Editions
CHINA
Middle East
L.J. Jin, DDS, MMedSc, PhD, Odont Dr, modern dental laboratory
professor in clinical dental science and clinical professor in
periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong
Joseph George Ghafari, DMD, professor, Department of
Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut
Medical Center, Lebanon
INDIA
Portugal
Lt. General Paramjit Singh, honorary dental surgeon to the president
of India, and director, General Dental Services, Adjutant General’s
Branch, Integrated Headquarters of Ministry of Defense (Army), New
Delhi
Paulo Melo, PhD, DDS, professor of operative dentistry, Faculty of
Dentistry, University of Porto, Portugal
MExico
Juan Manuel Robles, DDS, Editorial Digital, Mexico City
INDUSTRY ADVISORY BOARD
CHAIR
Michael Glick, DMD, dean, School of Dental Medicine, University at
Buffalo, The State University of New York
Jed J. Jacobson, DDS, MS, MPH, senior vice president and chief
science officer, Delta Dental Plans of Michigan, Ohio, Indiana,
Lansing, Mich.
INDUSTRY REPRESENTATIVES
Candy B. Ross, RDH, director of clinical affairs, ISI/DEXIS/Gendex
Dental Systems, Marietta, Ga.
Chris Corsette, director of marketing, Septodont, Lancaster, Pa.
Michael A. Gaglio, DDS, vice president, Marketing, Ivoclar Vivadent,
Amherst, N.Y.
Kathy M. Gaertner, director of U.S. marketing and business
operations, 3M ESPE Division, St. Paul, Minn.
Paula G. Vogel, manager of corporate communications and public
affairs, A-dec, Newberg, Ore.
Laura Woodruff, U.S. sales manager, SDI (North America),
Bensenville, Ill.
The JADA Industry Advisory Board has no involvement in The Journal’s review and acceptance of manuscripts. That process is overseen by the Editor.
688 JADA 145(7) http://jada.ada.org July 2014
Copyright © 2014 American Dental Association. All Rights Reserved.
publisher AND senior VICE PRESIDENT
for business and publishing
Michael D. Springer
associate publisher
James H. Berry
EDITORIAL director
Lisbeth R. Maxwell
senior Editors
Janice Snider, Amy E. Lund
creative DIRECTOR
Peter Solarz
EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS
Editor’s Office (Buffalo, N.Y.): Susan Lozinak
Publisher’s Office (Chicago): Karen London
letters to the editor
Patricia A. Lewis
reprints and permissions
Karen London
Senior director of advertising
and production services
Gilbert X. Muñoz
ADVERTISING SALES MANAGER
Michelle Boyd
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING
coordinator
Shirley Hawkins
sales and marketing assistant
Angela James
MARKETING MANAGER
Jill Philbin
CUSTOMER SERVICE REPRESENTATIVE
Debbie J. Boehm
advertising production
assistant
Liz Grace
Technology Manager
Paul Gorski
Production Manager
Rebecca Kiser
LAYOUT AND DESIGN
coordinatorS
Bruce Barrett, Geralyn Novotny
Cover illustration by Peter Solarz
Cover photo © 2014 Thinkstock
EDITORIAL POLICY
All statements of opinion and of supposed fact are published under the authority of
the authors, including editorials and letters. They are not to be accepted as the views of
the American Dental Association or its subsidiaries unless such statements have been
expressly adopted by the Association. Articles are accepted with the understanding
that they have not been published previously and that they are submitted solely to The
Journal. Information on any products mentioned may be available from the authors.
Neither the American Dental Association nor any of its subsidiaries has any financial
interest in any products mentioned in editorial content, and The Journal requires all
authors to disclose any financial or other interests they may have in products or services
described in their articles.
ADVERTISING POLICY
All matters pertaining to advertising should be addressed to advertising sales manager,
Advertising Sales Department, American Dental Association, Publishing Division,
211 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, Ill. 60611, 1-312-440-2740, fax 1-312-440-2550. Allen
L. Schwartz, Director of Sales, Western Region, S&S Media Solutions, 10225 N.W.
Brentano Lane, McMinnville, Ore. 97128, phone 1-503-472-8614, fax 1-503-961-0445,
cell 1-503-784-8919, e-mail allen@ssmediasol.com. Jim Shavel, Director of Sales, Eastern
Region, S&S Media Solutions, 1554 Surrey Brook Court, Yardley, Pa. 19067, phone
1-215-369-8640, fax 1-215-369-4381, cell 1-215-499-7342, e-mail jim@ssmediasol.com.
David Schuh, Account Executive, 12340 Seal Beach Blvd., Suite B-393, Seal Beach, Calif.
90740, phone 562-981-4480, e-mail david@ssmediasol.com. Leslie Christine Kemmet,
Business Development Director, S&S Media Solutions, 4040 36th St. S.E., Tappen, N.D.
58487, phone 1-701-425-2558, fax 1-701-327-4351, e-mail leslie@ssmediasol.com.
All advertising appearing in ADA publications must comply with official published
advertising stand­ards of the American Dental Association. The publication of an
advertisement is not to be construed as an en­dorsement or approval by the American
Dental Association or any of its subsidiaries, councils, commissions or bureaus of
the product or service being offered in the advertisement unless the advertisement
specifically includes an authorized statement that such approval or endorsement has
been granted. A copy of the advertising standards of the American Dental Association
is available on request. Classified Advertising, Russell Johns Associates, 1001 S. Myrtle
Ave. #7, Clearwater, Fla. 33756, phone 1-877-397-1388, fax 1-727-445-9380, e-mail jada@
russelljohns.com.
PERMISSIONS POLICY
The American Dental Associ­a­tion holds the copyright for articles published in The
Journal. Authorization to photocopy material for internal or personal use of specific
clients and for educational or classroom use is granted by American Dental Association,
Publishing Division, provided that the appropriate fee is paid directly to the Copyright
Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, Mass. 01923, 1-978-750-8400; fax
1-978-750-4470. Contact American Dental Association, Publishing Division, directly
to order reprints or to request authorization to photocopy material for advertising or
promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale. For in­quiries
regarding reprints and permissions, contact Karen London at 1-312-440-2787. The
Journal is indexed or abstracted in the following: PubMed/MEDLINE, BIOSIS Database,
Dental Abstracts, Current Contents: Clinical Medicine and the Cumulative Index to
Nursing and Allied Health Literature.
690 JADA 145(7) http://jada.ada.org July 2014
Copyright © 2014 American Dental Association. All Rights Reserved.
ASSOCIATION DIRECTORY
ELECTED OFFICERS
OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL
ASSOCIATION
Sixteenth District
President
Seventeenth District
Greensboro, N.C.
Tampa, Fla.
CHARLES H. NORMAN III, DDS
Julian Hal Fair III, DMD, 2016
Wagener, S.C.
International Programs & Development
Interim Vice President, Membership
and Client Services
Senior Director............................................... 2725
.......................................................................... 7455
David frost, dds, ms, Chair
Helen McK. Cherrett, MA
Terry L. Buckenheimer, DMD, 2016
New Dentist
MAXINE FEINBERG, DDS
COUNCILS
First Vice President
Access, Prevention and
Interprofessional Relations
President-Elect
Cranford, N.J.
Brian E. Scott, DDS
Palo Alto, Calif.
Second Vice President
Jonathan D. Shenkin, DDS, MPH
Augusta, Maine
W. Roy Thompson, DDS, Chair
Jane S. Grover, DDS
Director............................................................ 2751
ADA Sessions
James E. Galati, DDS, Chair
CATHERINE H. MILLS
Treasurer
Director............................................................ 2581
Wickliffe, Ohio
Communications
Ronald P. Lemmo, DDS
Speaker
Glen D. Hall, DDS
Abilene, Texas
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
First District
Jeffrey D. Dow, DMD, 2015
Newport, Maine
Second District
STEVEN GOUNARDES, DDS, 2014
Brooklyn, N.Y.
Third District
Andrew J. Kwasny, DMD, MSD, 2017
Sally J. Hewett, DDS, Chair
JANINE MacLACHLAN
Director............................................................ 2628
Dental Benefit Programs
Andrew G. Vorrasi, DDS, Chair
Krishna Aravamudhan, BDS, MS
Director............................................................ 2772
Dental Education and Licensure
Teresa Dolan, DDS, Chair
karen m. hart, ma
Director............................................................ 2825
Dental Practice
Kevin D. Sessa, DDS, Chair
Pamela M. Porembski, DDS
Erie, Pa.
Director ........................................................... 7463
Fourth District
Ethics, Bylaws and Judicial Affairs
Jeffrey M. Cole, DDS, MBA, 2017
Wilmington, Del.
Fifth District
Alvin W. Stevens Jr., DMD, MAEd, 2017
Birmingham, Ala.
Richard J. rosato, dmd, Chair
Thomas c. elliott jr., JD
Director............................................................ 2658
Government Affairs
Carmine J. LoMonaco, DDS, Chair
THOMAS J. SPANGLER JR., JD
Sixth District
Director.........................................1-202-898-2400
St. Peters, Mo.
Members Insurance and Retirement Programs
Mark R. Zust, DDS, 2016
Seventh District
Joseph P. Crowley, DDS, 2016
Cincinnati
Eighth District
JOSEPH F. HAGENBRUCH, DMD, 2014
Harvard, Ill.
Ninth District
Gary E. Jeffers, DMD, MS, 2017
Northville, Mich.
Robert A. Coleman, DDS, MS, Chair
Kelly A. Abeles, MBA
Interim Director............................................. 2926
Membership
thomas S. kelly, dds, Chair
Kelly a. abeles, mba
Interim Director............................................. 2926
Scientific Affairs
Edmond L. Truelove, DDS, MSD, Chair
eugenio d. beltrán, dmd, mph, ms, drph
Tenth District
Senior Director............................................... 2914
Montevideo, Minn.
commissions
Eleventh District
Dental Accreditation
James K. Zenk, DDS, 2016
ROGER L. KIESLING, DDS, 2014
Helena, Mont.
Twelfth District
Gary L. Roberts, DDS, 2015
Shreveport, La.
Thirteenth District
CAROL GOMEZ SUMMERHAYS, DDS, 2014
San Diego
Fourteenth District
Gary S. Yonemoto, DDS, MS, 2015
Honolulu
Fifteenth District
HILTON ISRAELSON, DDS, 2015
Frisco, Texas
john n. williams, dmd, Chair
Sherin tooks, EdD, ms
Director............................................................ 2940
National Dental Examinations
(Joint Commission)
Connie L. Drisko, dds, Chair
DAVID M. WALDSCHMIDT, PhD
Director............................................................ 7465
committees
American Dental Political Action Committee
Kenneth D. McDougall, DDS, Chair
Sarah Milligan
1111 14th St. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005
Director.........................................1-202-898-2424
anthony j. ziebert, dds, ms
Brian M. Schwab, DMD, Chair
tera Lavick, MS, MsIMc
DEPARTMENT
OFFICES
Director............................................................ 2386
ADA Catalog
.......................................................1-800-947-4746
ASSOCIATION
OFFICES
ADA.org........................................................... 2888
Kathleen T. O’Loughlin, DMD, MPH
Center for Continuing Education and Lifelong
Learning
.......................................................................... 2908
Chief of Governance and Strategy Management
Conference Services and Meeting Planning
.......................................................1-800-232-1432
Executive Director/Chief Operating Officer
.......................................................................... 2700
Jerome K. Bowman, JD
.......................................................................... 2877
General Counsel
Dental Informatics
.......................................................................... 2760
J. Craig busey, JD
Dental Society Outreach
.......................................................1-800-232-1382
Senior Director, Division of Global Affairs
Government and Public Affairs
.......................................................1-202-898-2400
.......................................................................... 2813
helen mcK. CHERRETT, MA
.......................................................................... 2725
Managing Vice President, Conferences and
Continuing Education
James S. Goodman, CMP
.......................................................................... 2891
Senior Vice President, Government and Public
Affairs
MICHAEL GRAHAM, MPP
1111 14th St. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005
.......................................................1-202-789-5161
Chief of People Management
Health Policy Institute
.......................................................................... 2568
Leadership Team Services
.......................................................................... 2600
Library and Archives
.......................................................................... 2653
Marketing
.......................................................................... 2802
Media and Creative Services
.......................................................................... 2803
SABRINA A. KING, MBA
Member Service Center
.......................................................1-800-621-8099
Chief Technology Officer
Membership Information
.......................................................................... 2607
.......................................................................... 2755
toni MARK, bs
.......................................................................... 2921
Senior Vice President, Science/
Professional Affairs
Membership Marketing
.......................................................................... 2864
Daniel M. Meyer, DDS
Science/Professional Affairs
.......................................................................... 2878
Managing Vice President, Corporate
Relations and Strategic Marketing Alliances
Standards Administration
.......................................................................... 2506
.......................................................................... 2543
Clayton B. Mickel, MA
State Government Affairs
.......................................................................... 2525
Chief Communications Officer
KENNETH OHR, BS
Testing Services
.......................................................................... 2676
Vice President, Practice Institute
ADA BUSINESS ENTERPRISES INC.
.......................................................................... 7450
.......................................................................... 7739
David M. Preble, DDS, JD, CAE
Managing Vice President
Chief Financial Officer
.......................................................................... 4632
.......................................................................... 2516
ADA FOUNDATION
Senior Vice President, Business and Publishing
Executive Director
.......................................................................... 2790
.......................................................................... 2819
Managing Vice President, Health Policy
Institute
Chief Financial Officer
.......................................................................... 2756
paul sholty, bs, cpa
MICHAEL D. SPRINGER, BS
MARKO VUJICIC, PhD
.......................................................................... 7745
Senior Director, Practice Institute
James L. Willey, DDS, MBA
.......................................................................... 7456
Senior Vice President, Education/Professional
Affairs
ANTHONY J. ZIEBERT, DDS, MS
.......................................................................... 7455
692 JADA 145(7) http://jada.ada.org July 2014
Copyright © 2014 American Dental Association. All Rights Reserved.
Deborah Doherty
GENE WURTH
Cynthia fronczak, CPA
.......................................................1-312-587-4717
Dr. Anthony Volpe Research Center
National Institute of Standards and Technology,
Building 224, Room A153, Gaithersburg, Md.
20899
........................................................ 1-301-975-6806