Download Report

IJPRD, 2014; Vol 6(10):December-2014 (107 - 111)
International Standard Serial Number 0974 – 9446
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CYANOPHYCEAN ALGAL FLORA FROM THE SOIL OF PRAVARA LIFT IRRIGATED AREA OF SANGAMNER
TAHASIL, AHMEDNAGAR.
Dr. Sangita Dandwate*1,
1*
Dept of Chemistry, SMBST College Sangamner, Ahmednagar.422605
ABSTRACT
The importance of soil algae can be attributed to their meagre
presence in considerable number , their possibility of survival in
darkness of subsoil, retention of vitality for long drought periods
and storage of energy. A floristic study was conducted in lift
irrigated area of five selected villages from Sangamner Tahasil
Dist. Ahmednagar during 2011. In all 25 soil sample were
collected from five villages within lift irrigated area .The pH of
soil from the different villages in these region were almost
neutral to alkaline. A total number of 19 species belonging to 11
different genera (N2 fixing ) were isolated from these soil and
identifying with the help of monograph Cyanophyta
(Desikachari,1959.)
The
family
Chrococcaceae
and
Oscillatoriaceae were encountered by maximum number of
genera and speciecs. As many as 5 genera and 10 species were
reported as belonging to Oscillatoriaceae . Similarly 3genera
were also reported from the family Chrococcaceae.The blue
green algal species as Oscillatoria, Nostoc, Lynbya
and
Phormidium were found in soils .
Correspondence Author
Dr. Sangita Dandwate
Dept of Chemistry, SMBST College
Sangamner, Ahmednagar.422605
Email: dandwate.sangita7@gmail.com
Keywords- Cyanophyceae , flora ,soil etc.
INTRODUCTION
In India the studies on BGA biofertilizers
have been initiated in national centre for
conservation and utilization of blue green algae
(NCCUBGA) at Indian agriculture research institute
(IARI) New Delhi in India the pioneer works in this
field was done by De (1939)Singh(1961)
Venkatraman(1961) Venketraman (1967).
Blue green algal biofertilzer plays a vital role
in providing biologically fixed nitrogen, carbon and
improving the physical and chemical properties of
soil, there are several reports on use and
recommendation of BGA biofertilizers in paddy
crops, very few reports are related to other crops.
Different soil samples in and around Sangmner
region.viz Sangvi (S1 to S5),Nimgaon b.k.(S6 to S10)
Available online on www.ijprd.com
107
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Development
Jorve (S11 to S15),Kolhewadi( S16 to S20)Rahimpur
(S21 to S25)
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The Sangamner tahasil is located in
northern part of the Ahmednagar district of
Maharashtra state .The tahasil lies between
18036’to 1901’N latitude and 7401’W to 74056’W
longitude. The area drained by Pravara River, which
originate in the hilly region of Western Ghats,
Ratangarh .The soil of the area are mainly derived
from the Deccan basalts.
The soil along the bank of the Pravara river
are deep alluvial soils .These soils generally black in
colour, fine texture,highly fertile and good water
holding capacity .Soil microorganisms play a very
important role in maintaining soil fertility It is
predominantly drought probe area with annual
average rainfall 299 to 594 mm and maximum
temperature 42 0C in April and May and minimum
10 0C in November and December. Total 25
randomised soil samples from study area were
collected for each sample 100 gram soil from upper
layer 1 cm layer was lifted, thoroughly mixed ,dried
and sieved and were stored in polythene bags
cultures were raised in BG-11 , Fogg’s media and
Chu’s-10 media.
A pure culture was made of each blue green
algal species using dilution method These cultures
were incubated at 28 -+ 20 0c temperature and
2500lux light intensity provided 19/8h.L/D cycle
.the blue green algal forms appearing in the culture
flask were isolated and identified with Desikachary
T.V. The pH and EC of the soil sample were
measured by using standard method.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION:
In all 25 soil sample were collected from lift
irrigated area .The soil pH 7.99 and EC 0.44 dSm1
.Blue green algal species is 19 those belong to 11
genera from two orders embracing four families.
Soil samples from Sangamner Tahasil all 19 species
ISSN: 0974 – 9446
belong to two orders, viz Chroococcales,
Nostocales. More families as compared to other
two orders represented Nostocales. Among the
Nostocales, more number of genera and species
were observed from family Oscillatoriaceae.
Order Chroococcaceae was represented by
a single family Chroococcaceae and was
represented by the 3 genera such as Aphanocapsa,
Aphanothece, and Chroococcus .
Four families Oscillatoriaceae, Nostocaceae,
and Rivulariaceae represented from order
Nostocales. The family Oscillatoriaceae was
represented by 5 genera such as Arthrospira,
Oscillatioria, Phormidium, Lyngbya, and Symploca.
The family Nostocaceae was represented by
one genera such as Nostoc . The Rivulariaceae
belonging two genera like Catothrix and Rivularia.
Family Chroococaceae was represented by
Aphanocapsa banaresensis while species from
Aphanotheceae were Aphanotheceae bullosa and
Aphanotheceae prasina (Table 3).
The percentage occurrence of various blue
green algae was also calculated to known their
representation from various soil samples. Similarly,
other nitrogen fixing species such as Calothrix
membranacea were formed from some soil. This
indicated that wastewater encourages the growth
blue green algae.
Some of the other species and their
percentages were from soil samples as below:
Lyngbya polysiphonae (52% ) and Lyngbya
mesotricha (32%), Oscillatoria obscura (40% )
Oscillateria subbrevis (32% ) Phormidium fragile
(60% ), Chroococcus minor (32% ) and Chroococcus
minutes (36%) Aphanothece prasina ( 12% ),
Nostoc linkia (44 % ) and Aphanothece bullosa
(28%).
The blue green algal species as Nostoc
linckia, Lynbya polysiphonae and Phormidium
fragile were found in soils of twenty five different
sites.
Available online on www.ijprd.com
108
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Development
Table: 1 Number , BGA isolated from soils of Pravara lift irrigated area
Sr.No
Orders of
Number of
Families
Genera
Chrococcales
1
Chrococcaceae
3
Nostocales
2
Oscillatoriaceae
5
Nostocaceae
1
Rivulariaceae
2
Total
11
Table no 2 Distribution of BGA from study area
Sr. Blue green algal species
Soil samples in which
No
algal species occurred
1.
2.
3.
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Chroococcus minor (Kutz.) Nag.
Chroococcus minutus Kutz.) Nag.
Aphanocapsa banaresensis
Bharadwaja
Aphanothece bullosa (Menegh.)
Rabenh.
Aphanothece prasina A.Br.
Arthrospira sp.
Oscillatoria obscura Bruhl et
Biswas.
Oscillatoria subbrevis Schmidle
Oscillatoria sp.
Phormidium fragile (Meneghini)
Gomont
Phormidium sp.
Lyngbya mesotricha Skuja
Lyngbya polysiphonae Fremy
Lyngbya sp.
Symploca cartilaginea (Mont.)
Gom.
Nostoc linckia (Roth) Bornet ex
Born et flah
Nostoc sp.
Calothrix membranacea Schmidle
Rivularia sp.
ISSN: 0974 – 9446
No. of
Species
5
10
2
2
19
Total no. of soil
in which
species occurs
8
9
6
% of Blue
green algal
species
32
36
24
3,4,7,8,9,12,13
7
28
11,13,15
17,20
1,4,5,8,9,11,13,16, 17,
23
9,15,16,17,19,21,23,25
9,14,15,16,21,24
4,6,7,8,11,12,13,14,
16,17,19,20,23,24,25
7,10,14,19,21,24
1,5,8,9,16,17,22,23
2,5,8,10,12,15,16,17,
18,20,21,23,24,25
1,4,5,6,9
16
3
2
10
12
8
40
8
6
15
32
24
60
6
8
14
24
32
56
5
1
20
4
16
64
8
4
13
32
16
52
1,2,4,5,7,9,10,13
2,4,5,7,10,12,17,19, 23
5,6,10,21,24,25
1,2,4,5,7,8,9,11,13,
14,15,19,20,21,23,25
1,3,7,11,14,16,21,24
1,3,4,5
1,2,3,4,5,6,12,15,17,
18,19,21,22
Available online on www.ijprd.com
109
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Development
REFERENCES
1. Auti,.B.K.and Pingale S.D. (2007).The
Myxophyceae of the Arable land from
Ahmednagar district (M.S.)
J.Ad.Plant.Sci,20(11):387/389.
2. APHA, AWWA and WPCF. 1995. Standard
methods for the examination of water and
waste water, 16th Edition, American Public
Health Association.
3. Bagal, P.K. and Patil, P. L.1984. Effect of
nitrogen, Azotobacter and blue green algae on
yield of rice. J. Maharashtra agric. Univ. 9(2):
173-174
4. De, P.K. 1939. The role of blue green algae in
nitrogen fixation in rice fields. Proc.Soc.
(London) B. 127:121
5. De, P. K. and Sulaiman, M. 1950. Fixation of
nitrogen in rice soils by algae as influenced by
crop, CO2 and inorganic substances. Soil Sci. 70:
137-151.
Available online on www.ijprd.com
ISSN: 0974 – 9446
6. De, P.K. and Mandal, L. N. 1955. Fixation of
nitrogen by algae in rice soils. Soil Sci. 81: 453458.
7. Desikachary, T.V. 1959. Cyanophyta publi.
Indian council of Agricultural Research , New
Delhi India. pp 1-686.
8. Digamber Rao, B. and Vidyavati. 2002. Algal
biofertilizers in soil fertility and crop
production. Algological Research in India: pp
305-311
9. Kaushik, B.D. 2000. Reclamation of salt affected
soil through Cynobacteria. Biofertilizers blue
green algae and Azolla. IARI,New Delhi: pp 107121.
10. Pradhan ,SG and Singh,np(1999.Fl;ora of
Ahmednagar District publ.Bishen Singh
Mahendra Pal Singh ,Deharadun
11. Shinde M.D. 1995 Studies on soil
characterization and effect of Blue Green Algae
110
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Development
ISSN: 0974 – 9446
14. Venkataraman, G. S. 1961 .The role of bluegreen algae in agriculture. Sci. Cult. 27: 9-13.
15. Venkataraman, G. S. 1967. Blue-green algae
and soil fertility. Proc. natt. Acad. Sci. India A:
380.
on selected crops from Pravanagar area, MS
(PhD thesis University of Pune )
12. Singh, R. N. 1961. The role of blue green algae
in nitrogen economy of Indian Agriculture. I. C.
A. R., New Delhi, (India), pp. 175.
13. Trivedi ,R.K .Goel,PK and Trisal,C.L. 1998
*****
Available online on www.ijprd.com
111