ﺤﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺃﻏﺫﻴﺔ ﺎﹰ ﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭ ﻴ ﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍ B
____________________________________________________ MARINA MESOPOTAMICA 23 ( 1 ): 149-165 2008 ﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ Barbus sharpeyiﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭ ﻴ ﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺃﻏﺫﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺩﺍ ﻟﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺤﺎﺘﻡ ﻏﺎﺯﻱ* ،ﺴﺎﺠﺩ ﺴﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭ ،ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻤﺎﻟﻙ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ،ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ ،ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ ،ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺭﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ،ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ،ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ ،ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﺼﺔ: ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺱ Barbus sharpeyiﺘﺤﺕ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺴﻴﻁﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻤﺩﺓ 28ﻴﻭﻡ ،ﺸﻤﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻻﺒﻲ ﺍﻷﻏﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺠﺭﻯ ﺘﻨﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻜﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭﻴﺎ Brachionus calyciflorusﻭﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﻟﺢ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺱ ﻤﻥ ﻼ ﻨﻭﻉ Artemia franciscanaﻭﻤﺘﻔﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺍﻤﺱ Moina affinisﻓﻀ ﹰ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﺭﺩ NRDﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻴﻥ .% 59 ﺍﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻥ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭ ﻭﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻐﺫﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻲ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻔﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻻﺒﻲ B. calyciflorusﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻏﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ، ﺒﻠﻎ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻻﺒﻲ 41.9ﻤﻠﻡ /ﻴﺭﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ 113.5ﻤﻠﻐﻡ /ﻴﺭﻗﺔ ،ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﻟﺢ A. 37.7 franciscanaﻤﻠﻡ /ﻴﺭﻗﺔ ﻭ 110.2ﻤﻠﻐﻡ /ﻴﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ، ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﺘﻔﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺍﻤﺱ 33.5 M.affinisﻤﻠﻡ /ﻴﺭﻗﺔ ﻭ 94.6ﻤﻠﻐﻡ /ﻴﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ ،ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ NRDﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻴﻥ % 59ﻓﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭ ﺃﻭﻁﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻏﺫﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺒﻠﻎ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻁﻭل 28.4ﻤﻠﻡ /ﻴﺭﻗﺔ ﻭﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ 83.6ﻤﻠﻐﻡ /ﻴﺭﻗﺔ .ﺘﺤﻘﻘﺕ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻐﺫﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻻﺒﻲ % 82.5 B.calyciflorusﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻏﺫﻴﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ A.franciscanaﻭ M. affinisﻭ NRDﻓﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻟﻬﺎ % 75.9ﻭ % 74.6ﻭ % 62.4ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ. ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ ﻏﺎزي وﺟﻤﺎﻋﺘﻪ 150 ----------------------------------------------------------------- ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ: ﻴﻨﺘﺸﺭ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ 68ﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻤـﺴﻁﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴـﺔ )ﺍﻟﺩﻫﺎﻡ ،(1982 ،ﻭﺸﻜﻠﺕ ﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ Barbus sharpyeiﺍﺤﺩ ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﻜﺜـﺭ ﺸﻴﻭﻋﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻴﺎﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻫﻭﺍﺭ ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﺴﻤﻜﻪ ﺍﻗﺘـﺼﺎﺩﻴﻪ ﻤﻔـﻀﻠﻪ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ ﺍﻻ ﺍﻥ ﻤﺨﺯﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻜﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺽ ﺒـﺸﻜل ﺤـﺎﺩ ﺒـﺴﺒﺏ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻔﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ ﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﻪ ﺍﻻﻫﻭﺍﺭ ﻋﺎﻡ 1992ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ،ﻭﺍﻥ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻤﺨﺯﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻜﻲ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺨﻠﻕ ﺇﻤﺩﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺴﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺃﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘـﻴﺢ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻗﺴﺔ ﻨﻅﺭﺍ ﻟﺘﺩﻤﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜـﺎﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌـﻲ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻻﻫﻭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺌﺭ. ﺍﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻻﺴـﻤﺎﻙ ﺘﻨـﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻨــﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺘﻴـﺔ ﻟﻬـﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻤـﺴﻁﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴـﺔ )ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻴﻡ ;1976 ,ﻤﺤﻴﺴﻥ ;1980 ,ﻴﺴﺭ .(1988 ,ﻭﺩﺭﺱ ﻤﺤﻴﺴﻥ ) (1988ﺇﻨـﺘﺎﺝ ﺼﻐﺎﺭ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺇﻁﻼﻗﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻁﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ ،ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺃﻗﻠﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﻤﻠﺤﻴﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ )Salman et 1993 .(al.,ﻭﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺏ ) (1996ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺌﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺼـﻐﺎﺭﻫﺎ .ﻭﺴـﺠل ) Backman (1962ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺘﻐﺫﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺘﻜﺎﺜﺭﻫﺎ. ﻭﺩﺭﺱ ) Voldin and Ivanova (1973ﺼﻔﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻅﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﺍﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﻥ ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻜﺒﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤـﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟـﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ .ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻴﻡ ) (1976ﺍﻟﺼـﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﺫ ﺒﻠﻎ ﻋـﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﺸﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﻋﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺯﻋﺎﻨﻑ ﺍﻟﻅﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﻴﺔ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻭﺍﻤﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻡ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻅﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺴﻨﻨﺔ .ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﺩﺭ ) Hussein et al., (2001ﻨﺴﺏ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﺴﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻷﻭﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ﻭﺇﻓﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻻﻤﻭﻨﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻭﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﻫـﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻁﺎﻥ B. xanyhopterusﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ Cyprinus carpio ﻭﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ ﻴﺴﺘﻬﻠﻙ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ. ﻭﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺩﺒﻴﻜل ) (1996ﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻴﺽ ﺼﻐﺎﺭ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ .ﺍﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ ﺤـﻭل ﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺘﻜﺎﺩ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﺩﻭﻤﺔ. 151 ﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ B. sharpeyi ----------------------------------------------------------------- ـﺎﺭ ـﻲ .ﻭﺃﺸـ ـﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨـ ـﺔ ﻟـ ـﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴـ ـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺫﻴـ ـﺏ ) (1996ﻁﺒﻴﻌـ ـﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴـ ﻭﺒـ ) Backman (1962ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻗﻠﻤـﺔ ﺍﺴـﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨـﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺒﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻷﺤـﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭﻴﻪ .ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﻭﺍﺠـﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﻔﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻤـﻥ ﻋﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﻟﺫﺍ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺤﺭﺠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻟﻠﻴﺭﻗﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻼﺌﻡ ﺤﺠﻡ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻡ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴل ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻜﺎﺕ )ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻋﺭ ﻭ ﺭﺤﻭﻤﺔ .(1985ﻭﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻲ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻷﻭﻟـﻰ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﻌﻘــﺏ ﻓﺘــﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻘــﺱ ﻭﺍﻤﺘــﺼﺎﺹ ﻜــﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﻤــﺢ Wang et al.,1992 . Kassim et al.,1998 ﺍﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺒﺩﺃ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻤﺩﺍﺩ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻻﻫﻭﺍﺭ ﺒﺄﺼﺒﻌﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ ﻭﺤﺩﺩ ﻫﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ B.Sharpyeiﺘﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﻁﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻏﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻐﺫﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﻁﻲ ﺃﻓﻀل ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ ﺫﻟـﻙ ﻤـﻊ ﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻐـﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﺭﺩ .NRD ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﻭﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل: -1ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ-: ﺠﻠﺒﺕ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ B. Sharpeyiﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﻴﺢ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻔﻘﺱ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ ﻟﻤﻭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﺜﺭ ﻨﻴـﺴﺎﻥ ،2005ﻭﻜﺎﻨـﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺒﻌﻤﺭ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺱ ﻭﺯﻋﺕ ﻓﻲ 12ﺤﻭﺽ ﺯﺠﺎﺠﻲ ﻤﻌﺩ ﻤﺴﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ 90 x 45 x 30ﺴﻡ )ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﻟﻜل ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ( ﻭﺒﻭﺍﻗـﻊ 50 ﻴﺭﻗﺔ /ﻟﺘﺭ .ﻭﺃﺨﺫﺕ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﺸﻭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻻﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ 30ﻴﺭﻗﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﻜـل ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﺍﻻﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ .ﻏﺫﻴﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨـﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻲ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ NRDﺍﻟﻤـﺴﺘﻭﺭﺩ ﻨــﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺒــﺭﻭﺘﻴﻥ % 59ﻭﻏــﺫﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗــﺎﺕ ﻟﺤــﺩ ﻤــﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺸــﺒﺎﻉ ).(Singh and Srivastava, 1985 ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ ﻏﺎزي وﺟﻤﺎﻋﺘﻪ 152 ----------------------------------------------------------------- -2ﺍﻷﻏﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ- : ﺸﻤﻠﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻏﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻻﺒﻲ B.calyciflorusﻭ ﻴﺭﻗـﺎﺕ A. franciscana ﻭﻤﺘﻔﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺍﻤﺱ Moina affinisﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻨﻤﻴﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻻﺴـﺘﺯﺭﺍﻉ ﻓـﻲ ﻗـﺴﻡ ﺍﻹﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ .ﻏﺫﻯ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻻﺒﻲ B. calyciflorusﻭﻤﺘﻔﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺍﻤﺱ Moina affinisﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻤﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺯ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﺫﺍﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﻤـﺎﺀ ﺩﺍﻓـﺊ، ﻭﺃﻨﺘﺠﺕ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ A.franciscanaﻤﻥ ﻓﻘﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭﻴﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺠﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ .ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ NRDﻓﻬﻭ ﻏﺫﺍﺀ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﺭﺩ ﻭﻤـﺼﻨﻊ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺸـﻜل ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ،ﻴﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺤﺠﻤـﻪ ﻤـﻥ 400 -200 ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﻴﺘﺭ ،ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺒﺭﻭﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ % 59ﻭﺍﻟـﺩﻫﻭﻥ % 15 ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻤﺎﺩ % 12ﻭﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ % 1ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ % 7ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻴﻨﺎﺕ C, E , D3 ., Aﺨﻼل ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻴﻐﻴﺭ ﻴﻭﻤﻴـﺎ ﺒـﺸﻜل ﺠﺯﺌـﻲ ﻟﻠـﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻼﺕ ،ﻭﻀﻌﺕ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭ ﻭﺠﺭﺕ ﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌـﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻷﻭﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺫﺍﺏ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺱ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﺠﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤـﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ YSIﻭﻗﻴﺱ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻻﻤﻭﻨﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘـﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﻌﻤﺎل Kit - .3351 ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ-: ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺭﺠﺕ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ %ﻟﻠﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ) (Teng et al., 1985ﻭﻜﺎﻻﺘﻲ: ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻨﻴﺔ = ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ – ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻲ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ = %ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ /ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻲ 100 X ﺤﻠﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺇﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨـﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻹﺤـﺼﺎﺌﻲ )Statistical (SPSS Pakage For Social Scienceﺒﺄﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤل ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻴـﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻗل ﻓﺭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ L.S.Dﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ .0.05 153 ﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ B. sharpeyi ----------------------------------------------------------------- ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ-: ﺃﻭﻻ -:ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ-: ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻜﺎﻻﺘﻲ: ﻤﻌﺩل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ 1 ± 23ﻡ◦ ﻭﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻷﻭﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺫﺍﺏ 1 ± 8.8ﻤﻠﻐـﻡ/ﻟﺘـﺭ ﻭﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺤﺔ 0.3 ± 1.2ﻤﻠﻐﻡ /ﻟﺘﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﺱ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﺠﻴﻨﻲ 0.8 ± 7.2ﻭﺍﻻﻤﻭﻨﻴـﺎ ﺍﻗل ﻤﻥ 0.1ﻤﻠﻐﻡ /ﻟﺘﺭ، ﺜﺎﻨﻴ ﹰﺎ -:ﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ -: ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﻏﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭ-: ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) 1ﻭ (2ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﻟﻠﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺒﻴﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﺫﺍﺓ ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ .ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺍﻥ ﺍﺴـﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻲ ﻓﻀ ﹰ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺃﻓﻀل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ ،ﻭﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺫﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴـﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭﻴﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻻﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﻌﻁﻲ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ) ( P< 0.05ﻓﻲ ﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤـﻊ ﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻏﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻭﺼل ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭل 113.5ﻤﻠﻐﻡ /ﻴﺭﻗﺔ ﻭ41.9 ﻤﻠﻡ /ﻴﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ ،ﻭﻋﻨـﺩ ﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ A. Franciscansﻭﻤﺘﻔـﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻠـﻭﺍﻤﺱ M. affinisﻜﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺤﻲ ﺍﻋﻁﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﺩل ﻟﻠﻭﺯﻥ 110.2ﻭ 94.6ﻤﻠﻐـﻡ /ﻴﺭﻗـﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﻭﻤﻌﺩل ﻟﻠﻁﻭل 37.7ﻭ 33.5ﻤﻠﻡ /ﻴﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ ،ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺒﻠـﻎ ﻤﻌـﺩل ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﻟﻠﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ 83,6 NRDﻤﻠﻐﻡ /ﻴﺭﻗﺔ ﻭ 28.4ﻤﻠﻡ /ﻴﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ )ﺠﺩﻭل .(1 ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻨﻴﺔ: ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) (3ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻭﺯﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﻏﺫﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ ،ﻭﻴﻼﺤﻅ ﺍﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺯﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻴﺭﻗـﺎﺕ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ 40.2ﻤﻠﻐﻡ/ﻴﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻐﺫﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻻﺒﻲ B.calyciflorus ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺴﺠل ﺃﻓﻀل ﻤﻌﺩل ﻟﻠﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ A. franciscanaﻓﻲ ﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ 35.4ﻤﻠﻐﻡ /ﻴﺭﻗﺔ ،ﺍﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﻏﺫﻴﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ M. affinisﻓﻘﺩ ﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻓﻀل ﻤﻌﺩل ﻟﻠﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ 29.5 ﻤﻠﻐﻡ /ﻴﺭﻗﺔ ﻭﻟﻡ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﹰﺎ ) (P>0.05ﻋﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻜﺎﻥ 28.8ﻤﻠﻐﻡ /ﻴﺭﻗﺔ .ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺃﻓﻀل ﻤﻌﺩل ﻟﻠﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ 31.9ﻤﻠﻐﻡ /ﻴﺭﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻗل ﻤﻌﺩل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺜـﺎﻨﻲ 17.1ﻤﻠﻐـﻡ /ﻴﺭﻗﺔ )ﺠﺩﻭل .(2 154 ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ ﻏﺎزي وﺟﻤﺎﻋﺘﻪ ----------------------------------------------------------------- ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ : ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) (4ﻨﺴﺏ ﻟﻠﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻨـﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻲ ﻭﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺘﻔﻭﻕ ﺍﻷﻏﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺍﻟﻨـﺴﺏ ،ﺍﺫ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻐﺫﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻻﺒﻲ ،% 82.5 B.calyciflorusﻭﺍﻨﺨﻔـﻀﺕ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺭﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻤـﺎﻟﺢ A. franciscanaﻭ M. affinisﻭﺍﻟﻐـﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ NRDﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ) % 74.6 ،% 75.9ﻭ (% 62.4ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ. Brachionus ِArtemia Moina NRD 120 100 60 40 20 0 28 21 14 اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ ) ﻳﻮم ( 7 3 ﺸﻜل ) (1ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ )ﻤﻠﻐﻡ( ﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ B. sharpyeiﺍﻟﻤﻐﺫﺍﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻏﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻻﺒﻲ B. calyciflorusﻭﺍﻻﺭﺘﻴﻤﻴﺎ A.franciscanaﻭﺍﻟﻘﺸﺭﻱ M.affinisﻭﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ NRDﻟﻤﺩﺓ 28ﻴﻭﻡ. ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻮزن )ﻣﻠﻐﻢ( 80 ﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ B. sharpeyi 155 ----------------------------------------------------------------Brachionus ِArtemia Moina NRD 14 21 اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ )ﻳﻮم( 28 7 ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻄﻮل )ﻣﻠﻢ ( 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 3 ﺸﻜل ) (2ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻁﻭل )ﻤﻠﻡ( ﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ B. sharpyeiﺍﻟﻤﻐﺫﺍﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻻﻏﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻻﺒﻲ B.calyciflorusﻭﺍﻻﺭﺘﻴﻤﻴﺎ A.franciscanaﻭﺍﻟﻘـﺸﺭﻱ M.affinisﻭﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ NRDﻟﻤﺩﺓ 28ﻴﻭﻡ. Brachionus ِA rtemia Moina NRD 45 35 30 25 20 15 10 ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة اﻟﻮزﻧﻴﺔ )ﻣﻠﻐﻢ( 40 5 0 28 21 14 7 اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ )ﻳﻮم( ﺸﻜل ) (3ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻨﻴﺔ )ﻤﻠﻐﻡ( ﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ B . sharpeyiﺍﻟﻤﻐﺫﺍﺓ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺜﻼﺜـﺔ ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻏﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟـﺩﻭﻻﺒﻲ B.calyciflorusﻭﺍﻻﺭﺘﻴﻤﻴـﺎ A.franciscana ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺸﺭﻱ M.affinisﻭﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ NRDﻟﻤﺩﺓ 28ﻴﻭﻡ. 156 ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ ﻏﺎزي وﺟﻤﺎﻋﺘﻪ ------------------------------------------------------------------- ﺠﺩﻭل ) :(1ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ )ﻤﻠﻐﻡ( ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭل )ﻤﻠﻡ( ﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ B. sharpyeiﺍﻟﻤﻐﺫﺍﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻏﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ M.affinis A.franciscana, B.calyciflorus,ﻭﺍﻟﻐـﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺼـﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ NRDﻟﻤﺩﺓ 28ﻴﻭﻤ ﹰﺎ. ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻤﻌﺩل B.calyciflor us A.francisca na Moina affinis NRD ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ 16.7± 3.2a 12.3± 2.1b 11.9 ± 1.1b 8.3± 1.8c ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻁﻭل 15.1± 1.1A 14.3± 2.0Ab 12.4± 1.8Bd 10.5± 0.8D ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ 56.9± 4.4a 43.1± 4.1b 41.8± 3.7b 25.4± 3.5c ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻁﻭل 29.3± 2.2a 25.4± 2.0b 24.3± 1.7b 17.7± 1.8c ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻤﻌﺩل ﻤﻌﺩل ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ 86.4± 3.5A 78.5± 3.8B 70.6± 4.8C 57.3± 4.1D ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل 113.5± 37.5± 6.6a 3.1A 110.2± 33.8± 5.8b 2.7B 94.6± 30± 4.1c 2.3C 83.6± 22.5± 3.7d 3.7D ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ±41.9 3.3a 37.7± 3.8b 33.5± 2.7c 28.4± 2.9d ﺍﻷﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺸﺎﺒﻬﺔ ﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ )(P>0.05 ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻲ 2.5ﻤﻠﻐﻡ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﺍﻻﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻲ 5.6ﻤﻠﻡ )ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩل +ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺠﺩﻭل ) (2ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻋﻴﺔ )ﻤﻠﻐـﻡ( ﻟﻴﺭﻗـﺎﺕ ﺍﺴـﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨـﻲ B. Sharpyeiﺍﻟﻤﻐﺫﺍﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻏﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟـﺩﻭﻻﺒﻲ B.calyciflorus ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺘﻴﻤﻴــﺎ A. franciscanaﻭﺍﻟﻘــﺸﺭﻱ M. affinisﻭﺍﻟﻐــﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ NRDﻟﻤﺩﺓ 28ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ. ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﺍﻷﻭل ﺍﻻﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ 4.3 ± 40.2 1.6 ± 14.2 B.calyciflorus A A 3.7 ± 30.8 1.2 ± 9.8 A.franciscana B B 2.5 ± 29.9 1.1 ± 9.4 Moina affinis B B 2.1 ± 17.1 0.9 ± 5.8 NRD C C ﺍﻷﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺸﺎﺒﻬﺔ ﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ 4.7 ± 27.1 3.5 ± 29.5 a Ac 3.1 ± 31.4 2.7 ± 35.4 b B 3.0 ± 24 2.2 ± 28.8 cd Cd 3.6 ± 26.3 2.8 ± 31.9 ad A ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ). (P>0.05 ﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ B. sharpeyi 157 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 100 60 40 20 ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺒﻘﺎء % 80 0 NRD Moina Artemia Brachionus ﻧﻮع اﻟﻐﺬاء اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺸﻜل ) (4ﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ B. sharpyeiﺍﻟﻤﻐﺫﺍﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻏﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻻﺒﻲ B. calyciflorusﻭﺍﻻﺭﺘﻴﻤﻴﺎ A. franciscanaﻭﺍﻟﻘـﺸﺭﻱ M. affinisﻭﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ NRDﻟﻤﺩﺓ 28ﻴﻭﻡ. ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ : ﺍﻭ ﹰﻻ -ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ: ﺘﻘﻊ ﻗﻴﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤـﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴـﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓـﺔ ﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴـﺔ ﺍﺴـﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻭﻁﻴﺎﺕ ) .Al-Hazzaa and Hussein, (2006ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺫﺒﺫﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴل ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﺴﻴﻁﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﻻﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺘﻠﻌـﺏ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﺎ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﺩﻡ ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺭﺘﻔﻊ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻜـﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﺎﺓ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭﻴﺔ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺫﺒﺫﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ).(Long et al., 2001 ; Kassim, 1998 ﺜﺎﻨﻴ ﹰﺎ -ﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ: ﺍﻥ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻏﻠﺏ ﺍﻻﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺱ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻤـﻥ ﻫﺎﺌﻤـﺎﺕ ﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻌﻴﺵ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟـﺴﺒﺎﺤﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺠﻴﺩ ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻲ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺨﻼل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ).(Ludwig, 1993 ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺘﻔﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻻﺒﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻏﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻻﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺌﻨـﺎﺕ ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ ،ﺍﺫ ﻴﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺤﺠﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ 146 – 50ﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﺭﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺭ 158 ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ ﻏﺎزي وﺟﻤﺎﻋﺘﻪ ------------------------------------------------------------------- ﻭﻤﻥ 351 -255ﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﺭﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ )ﻏﺎﺯﻱ ،(2005 ،ﻭﻫـﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﺠـﻡ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻫـﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨـﻭﻉ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺴﻬل ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻀﻡ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﻘﻨـﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻬـﻀﻤﻴﺔ ).(Hunter, 1981 ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻴﺌﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻻﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺤﺘﻭﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻤﺎﺽ ﺍﻻﻤﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤـﺔ ﺴـﺎﻋﺩﺕ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺘﻔـﻭﻕ ﻫـﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨـﻭﻉ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻐـﺫﺍﺀ ).( Kassim, 1998 ; Watanbe et al., 1983 ﻭﺴﺒﺏ ﺘﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﺫﻴـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻴﻤﻴﺎ A. franciscanaﻭ ﻤﺘﻔﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺍﻤﺱ M. affinisﻟﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺌﻨـﺎﺕ ﺘﻤﺘﻠﻙ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺘﺠﺩ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻭﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻀﻡ .ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺸـﺎﺭﺕ ﻟـﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺔ ﻟـﻪ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺭﻴﻎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻬﻀﻡ ﻭﺍﻻﻤﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭ ) .(Carvaiho et al., 1997 and Ferraris et al., 1987 ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺘﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﻟﻠﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺫﺍﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ NRDﺍﻟﻰ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﺃﻤﺎ ﻁﺎﻓﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻏﺎﻁـﺴﹰﺎ ﻭﻓـﻲ ﻜﻠﺘـﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﻴﻥ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺔ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺤﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺘﻨـﺎﻭل ﻫـﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻐـﺫﺍﺀ )ﺍﻟﺩﻫﺎﻡ ،(1990 ،ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻴﺯﻴﺎﺌﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤـﺎﺀ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻭﺴﻁ ﻤﻼﺌﻡ ﻟﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺭﻴﺎ ﻭﻴﺘﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﺯﺩﻫﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻨﻘﺹ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺫﺍﺏ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻓﺭﺹ ﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻹﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﻤﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻁﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻴﻘﻠل ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌـﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤـﻭ ﻭﻴﺯﻴـﺩ ﻨـﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻜـﺎﺕ )ﻗﺎﺴﻡ ﻭﺠﻤﺎﻋﺘﻪ.(2002 ، ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻨﻴﻪ ﻭﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ -: ﺍﻥ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﻐـﺫﺍﺀ ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻴﺔ ) .(Venugopal et al., 1990ﻭﻗـﺩ ﻴﻌـﻭﺩ ﺘﻔﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺫﺍﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻻﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺴـﺒﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺜـﺎﻨﻲ ﻨﺘﻴﺠـﺔ ﻤﻼﺌﻤﺘﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﻀﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒـﻊ ﻫـﻭ ﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻏﺫﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ،ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺍﺴـﺘﻤﺭﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻨﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻏﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻟﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟـﺙ ﻟﻜـﻭﻥ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻏﺫﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻏﺫﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻴﺭﻗـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠـﺔ ) ،(Femandez and Labarte, 1996ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺤﺔ ﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ B. sharpeyi 159 ----------------------------------------------------------------- ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺠﻴﺩﻩ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻼﺤﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔـﺭﺍﺌﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁﻬـﺎ )ﺍﺤﻤﺩ .(1990 ،ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻥ ﻜﺒﺭ ﺤﺠﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻏﺫﻴﺔ ﺠﻌل ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗـﺔ ﺘﻘﻠـل ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﻟﻠﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻟﻰ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﺒﺎﻉ .ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻥ ﻨـﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻻﻏﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺍﻨﻔﺭﺍﺩﻱ ﻟﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨـﻲ ﺨـﻼل ﺍﺭﺒﻌـﺔ ﺍﺴﺎﺒﻴﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺩ ﺍﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺘﺭﺍﺠﻌﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻻﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺼﺎﺀ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻀﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻋﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻓﻌﺎﺕ. ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ: ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) ( 4ﻨﺴﺏ ﻟﻠﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻨـﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺘﻔﻭﻕ ﺍﻷﻏﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﻨﺴﺏ ﻟﻠﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ )ﻗﺎﺴﻡ ﻭﺠﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ;2002 ،ﺼﺎﻟﺢ ;2005 ،ﻤﺎﺭﻨﺯ (2005 ،ﻭﻴﺭﺠﻊ ﺫﻟـﻙ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻲ ﻭﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁﻪ ﻤـﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺌﺽ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺒﺏ ﻤﺸﺎﻜل ﻭﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺌﺽ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻴﻐﻴﺭ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻴﻘﻠل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ) .(Kassim et al., 1999ﻭﺍﻥ ﺃﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﺘﺤـﺕ ﻅـﺭﻭﻑ ﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺴﻴﻁﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺎ ﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻨﺴﺏ ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﻋﻨـﺩ ﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻲ ﻻﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺘﻨﻌﻜﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩ ﺍﻷﻏﺫﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴـﺔ ﻀـﻤﻥ ﻋﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻻﻥ ﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺤﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺤﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤـل ﻤﺜـل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻭ ﻨﻘﺹ ﺍﻷﻭﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻤﻼﺡ ﻴﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺘﻠﺘﺼﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻉ ﺍﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌﻠﻬـﺎ ﻏﻴـﺭ ﻤﺘﺎﺤـﺔ ﻟﻠﻴﺭﻗـﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟـﺴﺒﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤـﺩﻭﺩﺓ ) .(Akatasu et al., 1982 ; Theilacker and Dorset, 1980ﻭﺍﻥ ﺘﺯﻭﻴـﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻟﻌﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﺎﻤل ﺠﺫﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻬﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ) .(Ali and Ahmed, 2004ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻗﻠﻴل ﻤﻤﺎ ﺍﺜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ. 160 ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ ﻏﺎزي وﺟﻤﺎﻋﺘﻪ ----------------------------------------------------------------- ﺤﺼﻠﺕ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻫﻼﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺒﺩﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﺭﻏﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻨﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻗـﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫـﻀﻡ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻜﺘﻤﺎل ﺃﺠﻬـﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻬـﻀﻡ ) ،(Jones, 1972ﺍﻭ ﺒـﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻹﺠﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻭﺍﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺔ ﺇﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘل )ﻏﺎﺯﻱ.(2005 ، ﺒﻴﻨﺕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻻ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨـﻲ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻲ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻻﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻗﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺤـﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻜـﻭﻥ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻻﺒﻲ B. calyciflorusﺃﻋﻁﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﻨﻤﻭ ﻭﻨﺴﺏ ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻷﺴـﺒﻭﻉ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ. ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺤﻤﺩ ،ﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ .1990 ،ﺍﻟﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺨـﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﺒﻴـﺭ ﺸﻤﺎل ﻏﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ .ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ،ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺎﺭ ،ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ 89 ،ﺹ. ﺍﺤﻤﺩ ،ﻫﺎﺸﻡ ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﺭﺯﺍﻕ .1987 ،ﺒﺎﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﻤﺎﻙ .ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ،ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ، ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ،ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ 279 ،ﺹ. ﺍﻟﺩﺒﻴﻜل ،ﻋﺎﺩل ﻴﻌﻘﻭﺏ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ .1996 ،ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻐﺫﻭﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻴـﻀﻴﺔ ﻟـﺼﻐﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻨـﻲ Barbus sharpeyiﻭﺍﻟﻜﻁﺎﻥ B. xanthopterusﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ Cyprinus carpioﺘﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭﻴﺔ .ﺃﻁﺭﻭﺤﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ،ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ،ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ 119 ،ﺹ. ﺍﻟﺩﻫﺎﻡ ،ﻨﺠﻡ ﻗﻤﺭ .1990 ،ﺘﺭﺒﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ .ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ،ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ ،ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔ 481 ،ﺹ. ﺍﻟﺩﻫﺎﻡ ،ﻨﺠﻡ ﻗﻤﺭ .1982 ،ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ .ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻷﻭل ،ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ،ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ ،ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺸﺎﺩ ،ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ540 ، ﺹ. ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺏ ،ﻓﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ .1996 ،ﺍﻗﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨـﻲ Barbus sharpyei ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻤﺭﻱ Barbus luteusﻓﻲ ﺍﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ .ﻤﺠﻠـﺔ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻓﺩﻴﻥ .199 – 185 :(1) 11 161 ﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ B. sharpeyi ----------------------------------------------------------------- ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻴﻡ ،ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﻭﻫﺎﺏ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ .1976 ،ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﻪ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻀﺞ ﻷﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ Barbus sharpyeiﻭﺍﻟﺸﺒﻭﻁ .B. grypusﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ، ﻗﺴﻡ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ،ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ 120 ،ﺹ. ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻋﺭ ،ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺭﺤﻭﻤﻪ ،ﻋﺒﺩﺍ ﻟﻤﺠﻴﺩ .1985 ،ﺘﺭﺒﻴﻪ ﺴﻤﻙ ﺍﻟﻘـﺎﺭﻭﺱ ﺒﺎﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻨـﺴﻴﺔ .Dicentrachus labrax Linneﻤﻌﻬـﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻴـﺕ ﻟﻸﺒﺤـﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ،ﻨﺸﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻴﺘﻴﺔ ).64-53 :(6 ﺼﺎﻟﺢ ،ﺠﺎﺴﻡ ﺤﻤﻴﺩ .2005 ،ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻻﻏﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻭﻨﻤﻭ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ Cyprinus carpioﻭﺍﻟﻌـﺸﺒﻲCtenopharygondon idella ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﻲ Hypophthalmichthys molitrixﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻠـﻕ. ﺃﻁﺭﻭﺤﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ،ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ،ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ 105 ،ﺹ. ﻏﺎﺯﻱ ،ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺤﺎﺘﻡ .2005 ،ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻏﺫﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﻴﺭﻗـﺎﺕ ﺍﺴـﻤﺎﻙ ـﺸﺒﻲ ـﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌــ ـﺎﺩﻱ Cyprinus carpioﻭﺍﻟﻜــ ـﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴــ ﺍﻟﻜــ .Ctenopharygondon idellaﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ،ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ،ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ 89 ،ﺹ. ﻗﺎﺴﻡ ،ﺜﺎﺌﺭ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ ،ﺨﺎﻟﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻜﺎﻭﻱ ،ﻤﺭﻴﻡ ﺤﺎﺴـﻡ.2002 ، ﺘــﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﻘــﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒــﺔ ﻓــﻲ ﺯﻴــﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﻨﺘــﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺤﻴــﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟــﺩﻭﻻﺒﻲ Brachionus calycifllorus Pallasﻟﺘﻐﺫﻴﻪ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺴـﻤﺎﻙ .ﻤﺠﻠـﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ .102-95 :(1) 7 ﻗﺎﺴﻡ ،ﺜﺎﺌﺭ ﺍﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﻲ ،ﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻤﻭﺯﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺩﻟﻲ ،ﻓﺎﻁﻤـﺔ ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﺤـﺴﻥ ﻭﻭﺸـﻴﺢ، ﻋﻼﻫــﻥ ﻓﺎﻀــل .2002 ،ﺯﻴــﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻨﺘــﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻜــﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌــﺸﺒﻲ Ctenopharygondon idellaﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ .ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ .126 -117 :(1) 7 ﻤﺎﺭﻨﺯ ،ﺨﺎﻟﺩ ﻭﻟﻴﻡ ﻤﺎﻴﻜل ) .(2005ﺭﻓﻊ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻭﻨﻤﻭ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺭﺏ ـﺔ ـﺴﺘﻴﺭ ،ﻜﻠﻴـ ـﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﺎﺠـ ـﻀﻲ .Hypopthalmichthys molitrixﺭﺴـ ﺍﻟﻔـ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ،ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ 106 ،ﺹ. ﻤﺤﻴﺴﻥ ،ﻋﻁﺎ ﺍﷲ .1980 ،ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﻭﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻟﻼﺴـﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻁﺎﻥ B. xanthopterus .ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺒﻭﻁ B. grypusﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ .B.sharpyei ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ،ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ،ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒـﺼﺭﺓ 12 ).221 – 215 :(1 162 ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﺗﻢ ﻏﺎزي وﺟﻤﺎﻋﺘﻪ ----------------------------------------------------------------- ﺍﻻﺴﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻻﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴـﺔ.1988 ، ﻋﻁﺎ ﺍﷲ،ﻤﺤﻴﺴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟـﺸﺒﻭﻁB. xanthopterus. ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻁﺎﻥB.sharpyei ﺍﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ، ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺭﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻜﻴﺔ،B. grypus .ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴـﻤﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴـﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴـﺎﺌﻲ.1988 ، ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻁﺎﻫﺭ،ﻴﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻤـﺭﻱ،ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴل ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﺜﺭ ﻟﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﻜﻠﻴـﺔ، ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ، ﻓﻲ ﻫﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﺭB.sharpyei ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲB.luteus . ﺹ110 ، ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ،ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ Akatsu, S., Al Abdul – Elah, K.M., Ghazai, N. and Teng, S.K. 1982. 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B. sharpeyi ﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﻴﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ 165 ----------------------------------------------------------------- Rearing of The larvae of Bunni (Barbus sharpeyi) on live under laboratory condition *A.H. Ghazi; **S.S. Al – Noor; M.F. Abaas; and ِM.H. Ali Basrha Univ., Marine Science Center, Department of Biology ** Basrha Univ. Agric. Col. Dept. Fisheries and Marine resources *E. mail: abdulhussein73@yahoo.com Abstract: Indoor rearing of newly hatched Bunni larvae Barbus sharpeyi were carried out at the Marine Science Center in April 2005. Larvae were reared under controlled condition. These larvae fed on three food types, live food: the Rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus, the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana, the Cladocera Moina affinis, and artificial food NRD. The results showed that rearing of larvae during 28 days gave high growth rate and survival rate of fish larvae fed on live food compared with those fed on artificial feed. The average of length and weight of fish larvae fed on B. calyciflorus were 41.9 mm /larvae and 113.5 mg /larvae, respectively, whereas the average of lengths and weights of larvae fed on A. franciscana were 37.7mm / larvae and 110.2 mg / larvae, respectively, and those fed on M. affinis were 33.5 mm / larvae and 94.6 mg / larvae in terms of length and weight, respectively. The average length and weight result from artificial food NRD, were 28.4 mm / larvae and 83.6 mg / larvae, respectively. The survival rate was higher on rotifer treatment (82.5 %), whereas lower value were recorded (75.9, 74.6 and 62.4 %) for A. franciscana, M. affinis and NRD, respectively.
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