2007 72-59،(1) ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ،(25)ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ (ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ )ﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻭﻜﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺒﺭﻟﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺯﺭﺓ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ Vitis vinifera L. ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺃﺼﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺒﻲ ﻜﺭﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﺎﻀل ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺴﻡ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ – ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ – ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﺼﺔ ﺸﻤﻠﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺯﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻁـﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺒـﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻀﻤﺕ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴـﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴـﺔ، Vitis vinifera L. ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺃﺼﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺒﻲ ﻭﺍﻭﻀﺤﺕ، ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺒﺎﻻ ﻭﻜﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺒﺭﻟﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺼﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺯﻨﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﻭﻜﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺒﺭﻟﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺯﻨﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﻊ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺭﻜﻴـﺯ.ﻁﻭﺭ ﻻﺨﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ .ﻫﺫﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯﻫﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻭﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ Changes in auxins , gibberellins and trace elements during occurring growth and development of buds in certain cultivars of European grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Karima F. Abbas Department of Biology –College of Science-University of Basrah Abstract This study was carried to investigate some of certain changes in auxins , Gibberellins and trace elements (Zn and Cu) during growth and development of dormant buds in some cultivars of European grape Vitis vinifera L. The results showed an increase in levels of Auxins-like substances, Gibberellins-like substances during development and transfer from post dormancy to pre-bud burst, to bud burst. Concentration of trace elements (Zn , Cu) increased after stage of dormancy and increased on stage of bud burst and Leaf emergence. ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ) ،(25ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ)2007 72-59،(1 ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ )ﺏ( ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺘـﻪ ﻗﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻤﻼﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺘﻪ .ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺒـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺏ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻻﻨﻁﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﻨﻤﻭ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻤـﺎﺕ )ﺍﻟﺴـﻌﻴﺩﻱ، .(2000 ﻭﻟﻘﺩ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐـــﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺘـﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒـﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻤـﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺠﺩﻭﺍ ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻠﻤﻭﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤـﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻥ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻭﺘﻔﺘﺤــﻬﺎ )ﺍﻻﺸﺭﻡ ﻭﻋﺒﺩﻭل.(1985 ، ﻭﺍﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺒﻭل ﺇﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺼﻁﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ Plant hormonesﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﻋﻀﻭﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﺒﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴـﺯ ﻀـﺌﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺤﺩ ﺍﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﺜﻡ ﺘﻨﺘﻘل ﺍﻟﻰ ﻤﻭﺍﻀﻊ ﺍﺨﺭﻯ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺤـﺩﺙ ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭﺍﺘﻬـﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺴـﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘـﺔ ﺒـﺎﻟﻨﻤﻭ ) Davies, 1987 ; Wareing and . (Phillips, 1983 ﻭﺘﻠﻌﺏ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭﻩ .ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻫﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻻﻭﻜﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻭل ﺍﻭل ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺸـﻔﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺒﺭﻟﻴﻨـﺎﺕ ﻭﺤﺎﻤﺽ ﺍﻻﺒﺴﻴﺴﻙ ﻭﺍﻻﺜﻠﻴﻥ ).(Johri and Mitra, 2001 ﻭﺘﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺯﺭﺓ ﺠﺯﺀﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﺴﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻜﺒﻴـﺭﺓ,ﻭﻴﻌـﺩ ﻋﻨﺼﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺯﻨﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺯﻴﻤــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻜﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﺴـﺎﻋﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋـﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤــﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﺒﺎﻟﻜــﺭﻤﺔ )ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻴﺩﻱ.( 2000, ﻭﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻟﻘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ ﺘﻬﺘﻡ ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﺴـﺎﻜﻨﺔﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻨـﺏ ، ﻭﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻤﺔ ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﺒـﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﺴـﺎﻜﻨﺔ ،ﺤﻴـﺙ ﺇﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﺠﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟـﺫﻱ ﺘﻀـﻤﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻤﺤـﻭﺭﻴﻥ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﻥ ﻭﻫﻤﺎ -: ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ -1 ﺸﻤﻠﺕ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﺴـﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠـﺔ ﺒﻘﻴـﺎﺱ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﻭﻜﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺒﺭﻟﻴﻨﺎﺕ. 60 ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻭﻜﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ.... ﻜﺭﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﺎﻀل - 2ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺼﺭﻱ)(Zn,Cu ﺸﻤﻠﺕ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺼـﻠﺔ ﺃﺜﻨـﺎﺀ ﺘﻁـﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋـــﻡ ﺍﻟﺴـﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭﻴﻥ ﻤﻬﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺯﻨﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ،ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﺯﻨﻙ ﻜﻤﻜﻭﻥ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﻻﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ 300ﺃﻨﺯﻴﻡ ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻴﺽ DNAﻭ RNAﻓـﻲ ﺍﻨﻘﺴـﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴـﺔ ﻭﺘﺼـﻨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒـﺭﻭﺘﻴﻥ ) Fox and ،(Guerimot,1998ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺯﻨﻙ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﺎ" ﻟﻨﻤﻭ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺏ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴـﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ )، (Ribereau-Gayonand Peynaud , 1971ﻭﺍﻟﻰ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻀﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺼﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺎﺕ ),(Valouike,1978ﻭﺍﻟﻰ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻘﻭﺩ )ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ( ﻭﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻭﺤﺠـﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺎﺕ ) ,(Christensen,1986ﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﻓﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺒﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻭﺭﻭﺒﻼﺴـﺕ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﺤﺩ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻨﺯﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴـﺏ ﺍﻟﻀـﻭﺌﻲ ) Walker and Webb, .(1981 ﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﻭﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺍﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺤﺩ ﺒﺴﺎﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻴﺏ ﻟﻤﻭﺴـﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻤـﻭ ) ، (2004ﺤﻴـﺙ ﺸﻤﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺼﻨﻔﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺏ ﺍﻻﻭﺭﺒﻲ Vitis vinifera L .ﻭﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻜﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺴﻲ .ﺤﻴـﺙ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺭﺕ ﺴﺕ ﻜﺭﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﻜل ﺼﻨﻑ ﻭﻤﺭﺒﺎﺓ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺒﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ( ﻭﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﻗﺼﺒﺎﺕ ﺜﻤﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺭﺒﻊ ﺩﻭﺍﺒﺭ ﺘﺠﺩﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﻌﻤﺭ ﺴﺕ ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ. ﺘﻡ ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺩﻭل ).(1 ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻲ )(E. C ds\ m 3.5 ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﺠﻴﻨﻲ pH 7.73 ﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﺴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ %5.5 ﺍﻟﺭﻤل ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻴﻥ %30.10 ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻨﻙ ppm 16.28 %64.40 ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻥ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ppm 21.35 ﻭﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) (1ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ )ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ( ﻟﻘﺩ ﺘﻀﻤﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻨﺼﺭﻱ Cu,Znﺍﻟﺤﺎﺼﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻁﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ-: ﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻭﻥ Stage of post dormancy -1 ﻁﻭﺭ ﻗﺒل ﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ )ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻔﺎﺥ( Stage of pre-bud burst -2 ﻁﻭﺭ ﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ Stage of bud burst -3 61 ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ) ،(25ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ)2007 72-59،(1 ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ )ﺏ( ﻭﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ) ( platesﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻁﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ . 62 ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻭﻜﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ.... ﻜﺭﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﺎﻀل ) ﺏ( )ﺃ( )ﺩ( )ﺝ( ﺃ -ﺘﻤﺜل ﻁﻭﺭ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻭﻥ Post dormancy ﺏ -ﺘﻤﺜل ﻁﻭﺭ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﺢ Pre-bud burst ﺝ -ﺘﻤﺜل ﻁﻭﺭ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﺢ )ﺍﻨﺘﻔﺎﺥ ﺍﻭﻟﻲ( initial swelling ﺩ -ﺘﻤﺜل ﻁﻭﺭ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﺢ )ﺍﻨﺘﻔﺎﺥ ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ( Fully swollen 63 ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ) ،(25ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ)2007 72-59،(1 ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ )ﺏ( ) ﺯ( )ﻫـ( )ﻭ( ﻫـ -ﺘﻤﺜل ﻁﻭﺭ ﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ bud burst ﺯ،ﻭ،ﻱ -ﺘﻤﺜل ﻁﻭﺭ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻻﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ expanding leaves 64 ) ﻱ( ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻭﻜﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ.... ﻜﺭﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﺎﻀل ﺘﻡ ﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻘل ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﻟﻜل ﺼﻨﻑ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺤﺩﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻭﻥ Post dormancyﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﻥ ﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺒﻘﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻗل ﻤﻥ ْ10ﻡ ﺨﻼل 7ﺍﻴﺎﻡ ﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒﺔ ) ﺃﻱ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻋﻡ ﻗﺩ ﺨﺭﺝ ﻤـﻥ ﻁـﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻭﻥ ( ﻭﺤﺩﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﺢ Pre-bud burstﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﺒـﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻥ ﻭﺍﺒﺘﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺸﻑ ،ﺍﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻭﺭ ﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ bud burstﻓﻬﻭ ﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻻﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻴﺔ. ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ -1 ﺍﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﻼﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺔ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﺤﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﻗﺒـل Abbas et al. ) . (1995ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻡ ﻭﺯﻥ 5ﻏﻡ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻁﺎﺯﺝ ﻟﻜل ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﻼﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤـﺫﻴﺏ ﺍﻻﺴﻴﺘﻭﻥ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ) %80ﺤﺠﻡ/ﺤﺠﻡ( ﺒﺎﻀﺎﻓﺔ 50ﻤل ﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﻤﺩﺓ 24ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ْ4ﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻅﻼﻡ .ﻜﺭﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﻼﺹ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟـﻙ ﺠﻤﻌـﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺎﺕ 100ﻤل ،ﺜﻡ ﺍﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺨﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺨﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺭ Rotary evaporator ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ْ40ﻡ ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ Aqueous phaseﺍﻜﻤل ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟـﻰ 50ﻤل ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻁﺭ ،ﺜﻡ ﺍﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺎﺕ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻭﻴﻕ ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺨﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﻴﺔ %45ﻭﺍﻭﻜﺯﺍﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺘﺎﺴﻴﻭﻡ %22ﺜﻡ ﻋﺩﻟﺕ ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻀـﺔ pH ﻟﻠﺭﺍﺸﺢ ﺍﻟﻰ 2.5ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﻭﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﻙ )2ﻉ( ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺍﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺼـل Partitioning ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻱ )ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌـﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻀـﻴﺔ( ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻗﻤﻊ ﻓﺼل ﻭﻤﺫﻴﺏ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻴﺜﺭ 50ﻤل ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﺭﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺜﻼﺙ ﻤﺭﺍﺕ ،ﻭﺒﻌـﺩﻫﺎ ﺠﻤـﻊ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺨﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺤﺠﻡ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ 5ﻤل ﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺍﻤﻭﺘﻭﺠﺭﺍﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻭﺤﺴﺏ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩ ) (1998ﺜﻡ ﺘﻤﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﻟﻠﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ،ﺤﻴـﺙ ﻗـﺩﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻤﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻟﻼﺸـﻌﺔ ﻓـﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴـﺠﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺠﻬـﺎﺯ UV-visible spectrophotometerﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﺩﺭ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﻭﻜﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻓﻴـﻪ ﺍﻻﻭﻜﺴـﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻘـﻲ ) (IAAﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻭل ﻤﻭﺠﻲ 280ﻨﺎﻨﻭﻤﻴﺘﺭ ،ﺍﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺒﺭﻟﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﺩﺭﺕ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺠﺒﺭﻟﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻲ ) (GA3ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻭل ﻤﻭﺠﻲ 205ﻨﺎﻨﻭﻤﻴﺘﺭ ﻭﻋﺒـﺭﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺒﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ/ﻜﻐﻡ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ).( Abbas and Fandi, 2001 ﻭﻟﻘﺩ ﺘﻌﺫﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺒﺤﺎﻤﺽ ﺍﻻﺒﺴﻴﺴﻙ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻌﺩﻡ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻥ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻨﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ . -2ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ)(Zn,Cu ﻏﺴﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻁﺭ ﻹﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺒﺎﺭ ﺜﻡ ﺠﻔﻔﺕ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺘﺠﻔﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ Freeze- ، dryerﺜﻡ ﻫﻀﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﺤﺎﻤﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺭﻴﻙ ﻭﺤﺎﻤﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﻙ ﻭﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀـﺤﺔ 65 ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ) ،(25ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ)2007 72-59،(1 ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ )ﺏ( ﻓﻲ ) (A.O.A.C, 1984ﻭﻗﺩﺭ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﻋﻨﺼﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺯﻨﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤـﺎﺱ ﺒﻭﺍﺴـﻁﺔ ﺠﻬـﺎﺯ Atomic . Absorption spectrophotometer ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻲ -:ﺘﻡ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺘﺼـﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻋـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤﻠـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺸـﻭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ) (R.C.B.D.ﻭﻗﺩ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺍﺨل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺼﻨﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻷﻁـﻭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﺴـﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻗل Factorial Experimentﻭﺍﺨﺘﺒﺭﺕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﻓﺭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ ﻤﻌﺩل ) (R.L.S.Dﺒﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ 0.05ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ )ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻭﻱ ﻭﺨﻠﻑ ﺍﷲ. (2000 ، ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﻴﺔ -1 -1.1ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﻭﻜﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ :ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ) (2ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﻭﻜﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻷﻁﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻟﺒـﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻨـﺏ ﺍﻟﺴـﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻭﻟﺼﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ،ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒـﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻤـﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﻭﻜﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺨﻼل ﺃﻁﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ .ﺍﺫ ﺒﻠﻎ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ) (45.0ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ/ﻜﻐﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻭﺭ ﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻗل ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﻟﻠﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻭﺭ ﻤـﺎ ﺒﻌـﺩ ﺍﻟﺴـﻜﻭﻥ ﺤﻴـﺙ ﺒﻠـﻎ ) (3-10×3.50ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ/ﻜﻐﻡ. ﺃﻤﺎ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺩل ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﻭﻜﺴـﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﺘﻭﻀـﺢ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺩل ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺼﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺇﺫ ﺒﻠـﻎ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ) (24.4ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ/ﻜﻐﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻨﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻜﻲ .ﺃﻤﺎ ﺘـﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘـﺩﺍﺨل ﺒـﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻁـﻭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﺼﻨﺎﻑ ﻓﺄﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺩل ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸـﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﻭﻜﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺩﻭل ).(2 ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﻌﺯﻯ ﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﻭﻜﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﻫـﺎ ﻭﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻭﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺭﺍﺀ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﻥ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻷﻨﺴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴﺘﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﻟـﻪ ﻋﻼﻗـﺔ ﺒﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﻭﻜﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻤﻴﺔ )ﻤﺤﻤﺩ.(1985 ، ﻭﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﻀﺤﻪ ) Laufs et al. (1998ﺤﻴـﺙ ﺒـﻴﻥ ﺒـﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﻭﻜﺴـﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﻀﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻭﺘﻔﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻻﻭﻜﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﻬـﻡ ﻭﻀـﺭﻭﺭﻱ ﻟﺒﻨـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻭﺭﻭﻓﻴل ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴﺘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﻲ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻨﺴﺒﺘﻪ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ . 66 ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻭﻜﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ.... ﻜﺭﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﺎﻀل ﺠﺩﻭل ) : (2ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﻭﻜﺴـﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺨـﻼل ﺍﻁـﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﻟﺼﻨﻔﻴﻬﺎ )ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻜﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺴﻲ(. ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﻭﻜﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ )ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ/ﻜﻐﻡ( R.L.S.D 24.4 2.8 ﺍﻻﺼﻨﺎﻑ ﺼﻨﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻜﻲ ﺼﻨﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﻻﻁﻭﺍﺭ ﻁﻭﺭ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻭﻥ ﻁﻭﺭ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺍﺨل 5.82 10×3.50 3- 10 ×4.20 3.54 1- 45.0 ﻟﺼﻨﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻜﻲ ﻁﻭﺭ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻭﻥ ﻁﻭﺭ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﺢ 10× 5.0 3- 10 × 4.0 2- 5 73.3 ﻟﺼﻨﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺴﻲ ﻁﻭﺭ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻭﻥ ﻁﻭﺭ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﺢ 10× 2.0 3- 10 × 8.0 1- 16.6 -2.1ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺒﺭﻟﻴﻨﺎﺕ-: ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ) (3ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺒﺭﻟﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻷﻁﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻭﻟﺼﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ . ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻭﻀﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺩل ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻤـﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸـﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺒﺭﻟﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺨﻼل ﺃﻁﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ .ﺇﺫ ﺒﻠﻎ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ) (26.6ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ/ﻜﻐﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻭﺭ ﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻗل ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﻁـﻭﺭ ﻤـﺎ ﺒﻌـﺩ ﺍﻟﺴـﻜﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟـﺫﻱ ﺒﻠـﻎ )(4-10 ×4.5 ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ/ﻜﻐﻡ . ﺃﻤﺎ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺩل ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺒﺭﻟﻴﻨـﺎﺕ ﻓﺘﻭﻀـﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺒﺭﻟﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺒـﻴﻥ ﺼـﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ،ﺍﺫ ﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ) (15.5ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ/ﻜﻐﻡ ﻟﺼﻨﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺴﻲ . 67 ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ) ،(25ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ)2007 72-59،(1 ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ )ﺏ( ﺃﻤﺎ ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺍﺨل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﻁﻭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﺼﻨﺎﻑ ﻓﺎﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﻌﺩل ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺒﺭﻟﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺩﻭل ) .(3ﻭﻗـﺩ ﻴﻌـﺯﻯ ﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺒﺭﻟﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭﻫـﺎ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻻﻁﻭﺍﺭ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻤﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺴﺭ ﺴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤل )ﻤﺤﻤﺩ.(1985 ، ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻁﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻨﻁﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺠﺩﻩ ) Rinne et al. (2001ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺒﺭﻟﻴﻨـﺎﺕ ﺘﺼﻨﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺴﺘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻥ ﻤﻭﻀﻊ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺒﺭﻟﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻫﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻴـﺔ ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻼﻭﻜﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ . ﺠﺩﻭل ) : (3ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺒﺭﻟﻴﻨـﺎﺕ ﺨـﻼل ﺍﻁـﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﻟﺼﻨﻔﻴﻬﺎ )ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻜﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺴﻲ(. ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺒﺭﻟﻴﻨﺎﺕ )ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ/ﻜﻐﻡ( R.L.S.D 2.22 5.62 ﺍﻻﺼﻨﺎﻑ ﺼﻨﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻜﻲ ﺼﻨﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺴﻲ 15.5 10×4.50 ﺍﻻﻁﻭﺍﺭ ﻁﻭﺭ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻭﻥ ﻁﻭﺭ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﺢ 4- 10 ×4.75 ﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﺢ 6.74 3- 26.6 ﻟﺼﻨﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻜﻲ 10× 2.67 ﻁﻭﺭ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻭﻥ ﻁﻭﺭ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﺢ 4- 10 × 1.50 ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺍﺨل ﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﺢ 3- 6.66 9.78 ﻟﺼﻨﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺴﻲ 10× 6.33 ﻁﻭﺭ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻭﻥ 10 × 8.0 ﻁﻭﺭ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﺢ 4- 3- 46.6 -2ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺼﺭﻱ)(Zn,Cu -1.2ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻨﻙ : ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) (2ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻨﻙ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻻﻁﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜـﺔ ﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺏ ﻟﺼﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ . 68 ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻭﻜﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ.... ﻜﺭﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﺎﻀل ﻟﻘﺩ ﺍﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺩل ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻨﻙ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻻﻁﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﺼﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ،ﺍﺫ ﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ) PPM (3.65ﻓﻲ ﻁﻭﺭ ﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻭﻟﺼﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺨﺹ ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻑ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺩل ﻟﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻨﻙ ﺍﺫ ﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ) ppm(2.61ﻟﺼﻨﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺴﻲ . ﺍﻤﺎ ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺍﺨل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﻁﻭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﺼﻨﺎﻑ ﻓﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ . ﻭﻴﻌﺯﻯ ﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻨﻙ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻁﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺯﻨـﻙ ﻴﻠﻌﺏ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻤﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻭﺭﻭﺒﻼﺴﺕ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﺸﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺘﻜـﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ).(Mengel, 2001 ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻭﺍﻁﺌﺔ ﻭﺘﻤﻭﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻭﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺠﺩﻩ ) Maischner (2002ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻨﻙ ﻴﻜﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻨـﺎﺀ ﺍل) (IAAﻟﺩﺨﻭﻟـﻪ ﻓـﻲ ﺘﺭﻜﻴـﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺘﻭﻓﺎﻥ ،ﻭﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻻﻭﻜﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻴﺘﺎﺜﺭ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻟﺯﻨﻙ . 4.5 4 3.5 R.L.S.D=N.S.. A./.++0 2.5 A./ . + 2 1 0.5 \I E. = B- I;/ \?D- X. / 0 ﺍﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻜﻲ ﺸﻜل ) (2ﻴﻤﺜل ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻨﻙ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻁﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﻟﺼﻨﻔﻴﻬﺎ. 69 ppm 1.5 =̿ \ 2F1=/ -2 ٪ëA;8B++0 R.L.S.D=0.39 R.L.S.D= 0.352 3 ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ) ،(25ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ)2007 72-59،(1 ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ )ﺏ( -2.2ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ: ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) (3ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻻﻁـﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻭﻟﺼﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ،ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﻌﺩل ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﺨـﻼل ﺍﻁـﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﺍﺫ ﺒﻠـﻎ ﺍﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﺤﺘـﻭﻯ ) ppm(2.58ﻓﻲ ﻁﻭﺭ ﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻗل ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻌـﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺒﻠﻎ ) ppm(0.28ﻭﻟﺼﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ .ﺍﻤﺎ ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻑ ﻓﺘﻭﻀـﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﺠـﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺼﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﺍﺫ ﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﻜﻴـﺯ ) ppm(1.48ﻟﺼﻨﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺴﻲ. ﺍﻤﺎ ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺍﺨل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺼﻨﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻷﻁﻭﺍﺭ ﻓﺘﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻗـﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ . ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﻌﺯﻯ ﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺤـﺎﺱ ﻴﻠﻌﺏ ﺩﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺌﻲ ) (Arnonn, 1950ﻭﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺠﺩﻩ ) Boardman (1975ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﻴﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴـﺩﺨل ﻓﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻭﺭﻭﺒﻼﺴﺕ ﻟﻠﺒﺭﻭﺘﻴﻥ Plastocyaninﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺭﺒﻁ ﻨﻅﺎﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺌﺩ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺌﻲ ﺒﺎﻻﻀـﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻻﻨﺯﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺜﺒﻭﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻭﺭﻭﻓﻴل ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻨﺔ ﻟﻼﻨﺴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻤﻴﺔ . R.L.S.D=0.105 R.L.S.D=N.S.. R.L.S.D= 0.089 3 2.5 2 C /0/ , 0.5 0 \HD . = A, H:/ W. / \>C- ﺸﻜل ) (3ﻴﻤﺜل ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻁﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﻟﺼﻨﻔﻴﻬﺎ. 70 ppm 1 ̿ 1.5 =1 _. C1. -1 C=:D, , 1 C/0/, , 1 ....ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻭﻜﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻜﺭﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﺎﻀل ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﺒـﺎﺕ.(1985) ﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ، ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻭﻋﺒﺩﻭل،ﺍﻻﺸﺭﻡ .( ﺼﻔﺤﺔ360) ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل.ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺏ . ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺘﺠـﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴـﺔ.(2000) ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ، ﺨﺎﺸﻊ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻭﺨﻠﻑ ﺍﷲ،ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻭﻱ .( ﺼﻔﺤﺔ488) . ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل-ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ- ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﻟﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸـﺭ. ﺍﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻻﻋﻨﺎﺏ.(2000) ﺍﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺤﺴﻥ،ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻴﺩﻱ . ( ﺼﻔﺤﺔ784) ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻤﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺴﻠﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻀﺞ ﻟﺤﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺏ.(1998) ﻋﻘﻴل ﻫﺎﺩﻱ،ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ – ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ – ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ. ﺼﻨﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺴﻲVitis vinifera L.ﺍﻻﻭﺭﺒﻲ .ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﺓ . ( ﺼﻔﺤﺔ1447) ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل. ﻋﻠﻡ ﻓﺴﻠﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ.(1985) ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻴﻡ ﻜﺎﻅﻡ،ﻤﺤﻤﺩ References ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻻﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ A.O.A.C. (1984). Official methods of analysis, 14th eds. Willians S,ed. 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