1. travel
2. tourist destinations
3. italy

WEEK 16
Life in
Rome
Vol. 15 Issue 3
Third Quarter
®
s-w.co/WH6-16
Roaming with the Romans
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Roman Beach Site Found in Great Britain
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Life in Rome
Early Government
Roman Power Grows
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Italy
Italy, on the continent of Europe, is about the size of Arizona.
Shaped like a giant boot, Italy is a peninsula, which means it has
water on three sides. The bodies of water are the Adriatic Sea,
the Tyrrhenian Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. Italy borders the
countries of Switzerland, Austria, France and Slovenia.
More than three-fourths of Italy is mountainous. The Apennine
Mountains stretch down the center of the country and the Alps are
found in the north. For many years, the rugged Alps protected Italy
from invasion from the north. There are also three major rivers in
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River to the north is the country’s longest and most important river.
The Arno River is the third important river. Italy has three active
volcanoes: Mt. Etna, Mt. Vesuvius and Stromboli. The islands of Sicily
and Sardinia are also part of Italy.
Interestingly, there are two smaller countries inside the country of
Italy. One is called San Marino and the other is Vatican City. Vatican
City, located in the center of Rome, is the smallest independent state
in the world.
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Religion
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Latin
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Julius Caesar
After the Punic Wars, Rome became more and more
powerful. With more land to control in a time before modern
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Caesar was a consul who became a dictator during Rome’s civil
war. Back then the word dictator didn’t mean what it does
today. It was the title for a consul who assumed power in
times of war. Hoping Caesar would bring peace to Rome, the
government leaders made Caesar dictator for life. With this
decision, the Roman republic came to an end.
During his rule, Caesar did many good things. He helped
the poor by forgiving their debt. He gave land to farmers,
replaced dishonest leaders and built roads and buildings.
Caesar also gave citizenship to the people conquered by the
Romans. He improved the calendar, making it more like the
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poem to remember the months of the year. It started with
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conquering Egypt, Caesar returned to Rome with a variety
of animals to show the Roman citizens. His “zoo” included a
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Rich patricians were jealous of Caesar’s power. They
believed he was becoming too powerful, and they worried
that he wanted to be king. A group of patricians decided
to kill Caesar. On March 15 (called the Ides—or middle—of
March), Caesar was stabbed to death by members of the
Roman Senate. One of those involved in his death was his
friend, Brutus.
Following Caesar’s death in 44 B.C., Rome again faced civil
war. Eventually, Caesar’s grandnephew Octavian came to
power.
Aqueducts
Today, if you need water you
and hills to public fountains,
turn on the faucet. But back in
public baths and to a few
ancient times, people got their
wealthy patricians’ homes. The
water from nearby rivers—
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usually by carrying it to their
Appia, was built in 312 B.C.
homes. As Rome grew, more
Over time, the ancient Romans
and more raw sewage went into
built 11 aqueducts to supply
the Tiber River and people got
an ever-growing population
sick from its polluted waters.
with clean water. Much of the
They needed a clean source of
system, which used the force
water, so they began building
of gravity to move the water,
aqueducts. An aqueduct is a
was underground. This made it
channel that carries water
safer from enemies who might
from one place to another.
try to poison the water supply.
This
photo
from
the
1850s
shows
the
aquaduct
at
Pont
du
Gard,
Historians say the Assyrians
These underground tunnels
France.
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were mostly made of stone, but
aqueduct in the ancient city of
sometimes the Romans used
Nineveh in about 691 B.C. Although the Greeks, Egyptians, leather, lead, bronze, wood and terra cotta piping.
Indians and ancient Persians also built aqueducts, the
Some of the ancient Roman aqueducts are still in use.
Romans became famous for this feat of engineering.
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The word aqueduct comes from two Latin words, “aqua”
found today in Nimes, France (called Pont du Gard), and in
meaning water and “ductus” meaning to lead. Long stone
Segovia, Spain.
channels carried water from streams in nearby mountains
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Name ______________________________________
ACROSS
1. word that means “I say no”
3. the wealthy citizens of ancient Rome
5. famous paved road of ancient Rome
6. ancient people who conquered the Romans
8. a stone channel that carried water
9. term for a leader of the Roman republic
DOWN
2. river near Rome
3. term for land surrounded on three sides by
water
4. Hannibal crossed the Alps with these animals
7. island fought over by Rome and Carthage in
the Punic Wars
Roman Timeline
As you read this week’s lesson, circle or highlight
all proper nouns with any color pen or highlighter.
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answers and get ready for this week’s test.
Founding
of Rome
Aqua Appia
and Via
Appia built
Rome
destroyed
Carthage
(Third
Punic War)
Caesar
stabbed to
death
Claudius
invaded
Britain
The
Pantheon
completed
Constantine
converts to
Christianity
753 B.C.
312 B.C.
146 B.C.
44 B.C.
43 A.D.
125 A.D.
313 A.D.
Use the timeline to help you answer the following questions.
Show your work and write your answer on the line below
each question.
Carthage and Caesar’s death?
1. How many years passed between the founding of Rome
and the building of the Aqua Appia and the Via Appia?
5. How many years passed between the founding of Rome
and Constantine’s conversion to Christianity?
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
2. How many years passed between Caesar’s death and the
invasion of Britain?
6. What two mathematical operations did you use to
solve these problems? Why did you need to use different
operations? When did you use each operation?
____________________________________________
3. How many years passed between the building of the
Aqua Appia and the completion of the Pantheon?
____________________________________________
4. How many years passed between the destruction of
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
Do all roads
lead to Rome?
If you’d like to make any editorial comments about our
paper, please write to us at feedback@studiesweekly.com.
Via Appia is the oldest and most famous road built by the
Romans. Constructed in 312 B.C., the road was made by placing
blocks of lava onto a stone foundation. Before this time, travel
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mess and the wheels of carts and carriages often got stuck.
Via Appia—nicknamed “Queen of the Roads”—was almost 350
miles long. It was wide enough for two vehicles to pass (about
13 feet wide), and dirt sidewalks bordered the road. Parts of
the Via Appia are still in use today. Eventually, 19 roads led to
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lead to Rome” came from.