1. technology and computing

EURO mGOV 2005
“From e-government to m-government”
July 10-12 2005
University of Sussex,
Brighton, UK
Editors: Ibrahim Kushchu and M. Halid Kuscu
Published by Mobile Government Consortium International LLC
mgci@mgovernment.org http://www.mgovernment.org
ISBN: 0-9763341-0-0
Table of Contents
Preface
M-government Implications For E-Government In Developing
Countries: The Case Of Saudi Arabia
Abdulmohsen Abanumy, Pam Mayhew
USE-ME.GOV (USability-drivEn open platform for MobilE
GOVernment)
Witold Abramowicz, Laurent Karsenty, Paul Moore,
Olmstead Gertraud Peinel, Marek Wi!niewski, Dirk
Tilsner
A Privacy Preference Model for Pervasive Computing
Karim Adam, Blaine Price, Mike Richards, Bashar
Nuseibeh
Using A PDA Interface To Access ARCE
Ignacio Aedo, Patricia Gómez Bello, Daniel Sanz, Paloma
Díaz, Jorge de Castro
M-Government Framework
Ljupco Antovski, Marjan Gusev
Mobile eHealth: Making the Case
Norm Archer
Mobile Government and Organizational Effectiveness
Chet Borucki, Seda Arat, Ibrahim Kushchu
Diffusion of Mobile Technology in Healthcare
Liz Burley, Helana Scheepers, Julie Fisher
Risky Business: Will Citizens Accept M-government in the Long
Term?
Jennie Carroll
Multichannel Hub: An M-Government Case Study For The City
Of Turin
Elena Cigliano, Lara Marcellin, Andrea Crevola
Secure Mobile Services Infrastructures for mGovernment:
Personalised, Context-aware Composition of Pervasive Mobile
Services
Alan Davy, Fiona Mahon, Kevin Doolin, Brendan Jennings,
Mícheál Ó Foghlú
On the use of Policy Based Management for Pervasive mGovernment Services
Steven Davy, Keara Barrett, Brendan Jennings, Sven van der
Meer
Investigating The Potential Improvement of Patient Management
Systems In Hospital Ward Settings Using Mobile, Wireless
Technologies
Linda Dawson, Julie Fisher, Liza Heslop
Mobile Government and Mobile Network Operators - Is
Cooperation Possible?
Ulrich Dietz
Enterprise Security Planning (ESP)
L. Ertaul, T. Braithwaite, Beryl L. Bellman
Security Planning using Zachman Framework for Enterprises
Levent Ertaul, Raadika Sudarsanam
M-Government Safety Services: Evaluation Of Alternatives From
Stakeholders’ Perspectives.
Ir. R.W.Feenstra, Dr. Ir. M. Janssen, Prof. Dr. R.W.
Wagenaar
Practical Application Of Biometrics For Security, Privacy And
Convenience Within The UK Education Environment
Aine Ni Fhloinn
Developing Interactive Voice Response Interfaces for Large
Information Systems
Gunar Fiedler, Peggy Schmidt
Infrastructures for Mobile Government Services
Mícheál Ó Foghlú
M-Governance: A Mobile Computing Framework for Integrated
Disease Surveillance in India
Shashank Garg, Diatha Krishna Sundar, Isha Garg
Multi-channel Delivery of Services, The Road from eGovernment
to mGovernment: Further Technological Challenges and
Implications
Panagiotis Germanakos, George Samaras, Eleni
Christodoulou
M-GOV: A Proposed Architecture For Mobile Government
Transactions
Dimitris Gouscos, Dimitris Drossos, Giannis F. Marias
Electronic Payments In The German Public Sector – Legal Issues
Ludwig Gramlich
Prospects of Using m-Technologies for Disaster Information
Management in Bangladesh and other LDCs
Chowdhury G. Hossan, Mridul Chowdhury, Ibrahim
Kushchu
Usability Is A Policy Issue: Minimising The “Hassle Factor” In
Mobile Payment Of The Central London Congestion Charge
Philip Inglesant, M. Angela Sasse
A Mobile Alerting System for the Support of Patients with
Chronic Conditions
Doris Jung, Annika Hinze
Mobile Government in Germany: Legal Aspects and Demands on
Mobilizing the Administration
Michael Knopp
Cashing Up With Mobile Money – The FairCASH Way
Heinz Kreft
Securing Mobile Services
Miguel Ponce de Leon, John Ronan, Jimmy McGibney
M-Government For Digital Cities: Value Added Public Services
Abraham Sotelo Nava, Irak López Dávila
M-government: South African Approaches and Experiences
Imraan Patel, Glenda White
Technical Implications And Business Recommendations For
Building Open And Interoperable Platform For M-Services
Provisioning
Gertraud Peinel, Thomas Rose, Witold Abramowicz,
Andrzej Bassara, Agata Filipowska, Marek Wi!niewski,
Pawe" #ebrowski
RISER: Opportunities of Mobile Access to Trans-European
Resident Registers
Yorck Rabenstein, Bernhard Krabina
It's Okay To Be A Dog On The Internet – Privacy And Trust In eGovernment
Mike Richards, Karim Adam, Blaine A. Price
A Success Factors Model For M-Government
Geoffrey A. Sandy, Stuart McMillan
Evolution of m-Gov in Brazil
Mauro José dos Santos
Business Process Modeling for mGovernment Applications
Peggy Schmidt
The Mobility Paradigm in Government Theory and Practice: A
Strategic Framework
Hans J (Jochen) Scholl
Mobile Services for a Medical Communication Center: The
eSana Project
Henrik Stormer, Andreea Ionas, Andreas Meier
M-Governance: A Framework for Indian Urban Local Bodies
Diatha Krishna Sundar, Shashank Garg
Government in the Palm of Your Hand
Melissa Teasdale
M-Government in Hungary
Istvan Tozsa, Balazs Budai
Johannesburg Metropolitan Police Department (JMPD) Mobile
Law Enforcement System
Retief de Villiers
Anonymous Code Lists For Secure Electronic Voting Over
Insecure Mobile Channels
Nico Voutsis, Frank Zimmermann
Late break-in papers
Enabling Personalized And Context Sensitive Mobile Advertising
While Guaranteeing Data Protection
Rebecca Bulander, Michael Decker, Gunther Schiefer,
Bernhard Kölmel
Mobile Disaster Management System Applications - Current
Overview And Future Potential
Flávio Souza, Ibrahim Kushchu
Measuring E-Readiness Assessment in Saudi Organisations :
Preliminary Results From A Survey Study
Ali Al-Solbi, Pam J. Mayhew
Transcending e-Government: a Case of Mobile Government in
Beijing
Gang Song
Preface
As the e-government continues to mature and mobile/wireless Internet
applications and services become successful, the governments face an
inevitable e-direction: mobile government (mGovernment). mGovernmnet is
the strategy, tactics, and implementation involving the utilization of all kinds
of wireless and mobile technology, services, applications and devices for
improving benefits to the parties involved in e-government including
citizens, businesses and all government units.
The set of papers in this volume presents the first large collection of work on
mobile government from various authors who submitted their work to The
First European Conference on Mobile Government (EURO mGOV 2005),
held at the University of Sussex, Brighton, UK during July 10-12. Although
mGoverment is a new field, there is a considerable and growing interest
from the public sector, industry and researchers.
The main theme of the articles in this proceeding is concerned with the
evaluation of the transition “from eGovernment to mGovernment, and
contains recent developments in mobile government from an international
perspective. Majority of research focuses on giving examples of applications
developed either at a central or a local government level in various countries
such as UK, South Africa, Germany and Canada. These are contributions to
mobile government through specifying some early lessons learned and
providing guidance for future implementations. The other significant work
includes discussions on various mobile government applications and
usability issues. While the development of new applications through mobile
technology shows an increasing trend, user adoption is a major challenge for
the success of these applications.
mGovernment is a new and fertile field. It is one of the most important
directions in the progress of eGovernment. mGovernment will often
supplement eGoverment but its essential value is hidden in those
applications and services that cannot be done without mobile/wireless
technologies. In the years to come we hope to see a growing discussions,
i
research and applications assessing the value of mGovernment under the
broader umbrella of eGovernment. Thanks to all who have contributed to the
organisation of this first large conference on mGovernment and for creating
an opportunity to mGovernment researchers and opening new directions for
mobile government field.
Euro Mgov 2005 was co-sponsored by CISCO, NOKIA, and International
University of Japan, supported by Project NOMAD; and organized by the
significant contributions of mGovlab and Mobile Government Consortium
International. There are 49 papers in this proceeding and approximately a
hundred government officials, academics, and representatives from IT and
telecom corporations are expected to attend the conference. The papers at
the EURO mGOV 2005 is also a reflection of collaborations among public
sector, industry and researchers evidenced by practice and policy papers and
plenary talks from leading experts and exhibitions and demos from IT and
telecom companies.
This proceeding will hopefully serve as a nucleus to the gradually growing
mGovernment field of study and practice and help promote importance and
understanding of the field. Through presenting a real world mGovernment
examples, their evaluations, challenges and opportunities, this proceeding
will be useful for IT solution providers, researchers, government officials
and policy makers.
Special thanks to all those who have made this event and the collection
possible including the sponsors, the admin support (Zehra Yurdsever, Maria
Sifniotis and Rachel Hopping) and also to all those who have contributed
indirectly but with a significant support including Professor E. Timms, OBE,
and Saime Goksu.
M. Halid Kuscu. CEO
Mobile Government Consortium International
http://www.mgovenment.org mgci@mgovernment.org
ii
M-government Implications For EGovernment In Developing Countries: The
Case Of Saudi Arabia
Abdulmohsen Abanumy, Pam Mayhew
Abstract:
This paper contributes to the issue of mGovernment
implementations by exploring the government’s policy on ICT and eGovernment in Saudi Arabia, and sheds light on the role of mGovernment
applications for enhancing information and service delivery to citizens. This
also describes the results of a survey on the available mGovernment
applications, and provides an overall evaluation of them in Saudi Arabia.
Keywords:
m-Government application, Mobile
Government, Developing countries, Saudi Arabia
1
penetration,
e-
USE-ME.GOV: (USability-drivEn open
platform for MobilE GOVernment)
Witold Abramowicz, Laurent Karsenty, Paul
Moore Olmstead, Gertraud Peinel, Marek
Wi!niewski , Dirk Tilsner
Abstract: Project USE-ME.GOV will provide an open service platform
that can be shared by networked authorities and institutions (e.g. on a
regional scale) in terms of technical infrastructure, information (content) as
well as a framework for commercial exploitation. This contribution of the
project is seen as a promising approach to harmonise the quality of public
services and to overcome related Divide phenomena. Moreover, platform
sharing explored on the basis of attractive business models would also
provide the conditions for cost-efficient mobile services namely in
geographical areas with low internet penetration. This paper describes the
current state of USE-ME.GOV concerning user requirements, design and
usability, and implementation of the project.
Keywords:
eGovernment, mGovernment, mobile services, mServices,
open platform, usability, sharing, openness, interoperability, scalability,
business models
2
A Privacy Preference Model for Pervasive
Computing
Karim Adam, Blaine Price, Mike Richards,
Bashar Nuseibeh
Abstract:
Widespread acceptance of e-government and m-government
(and for that matter pervasive-Government) services will only take place
when citizens are satisfied that personal data is stored, transmitted and
processed with respect to their privacy. We compare and contrast data
protection regimes found around the World and suggest that these have
directly influenced the uptake of existing private-sector mobile services.
Citizen uptake of e-government services will be encouraged by strong
regulatory regimes dedicated to the protection of personal data. Consumers
will entrust personal data where they can exert some measure of control
over the release of that data to other parties. We examine a number of such
controlling mechanisms and suggest a new privacy architecture intended for
mobile service provision.
Keywords: e-government, m-government, law, data protection, privacy.
3
Using A PDA Interface To Access ARCE
Ignacio Aedo, Patricia Gómez Bello, Daniel Sanz,
Paloma Díaz, Jorge de Castro
Abstract: Mobile devices and wireless networks are a useful technology
to support the emergency communication when a catastrophe occurs in a
country or countries. In fact, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and wireless
communications can help the Delegate, an eyewitness who travels to the
country affected by disaster mitigation to keep his country informed about
the situation which he has been living there, not only receiving and sending
information, but also working online with applications. Latin-American
Countries often suffer catastrophes that provoke numerous human losses
and major economic and social problems. International assistance is
necessary to collaborate with the affected country in its recovery. In this
paper, we introduce ARCE, an inter-state tool that promotes collaboration
among the members of the Latin-American Association of Governmental
Organism of Civil Defense and Protection, involving twenty-one LatinAmerican countries in the event of disaster, and we describe m-ARCE, an
application for mobile devices, such as PDA, and wireless networks, which
has the goal of helping the Delegate in her task.
Keywords:
PDA, Disaster Mitigation, Multinational Cooperation,
Wireless Networks, Mobile Devices.
4
M-Government Framework
Ljupco Antovski, Marjan Gusev
Abstract: M-government is largely a matter of getting public sector IT
systems geared to interoperability with citizen’s mobile devices. In this
regard, developing a coherent m-government framework in the public sector
is an important factor. The basic concept for good framework is that it is
principle-driven. A common mobile public services framework must first and
foremost incorporate the following five principles: Interoperability, Security,
Openness, Flexibility and Scalability. A short survey report for Macedonia
is presented, with special attention in bridging the digital divide among
developing and developed countries. As the survey in Macedonia has shown,
the citizens should be carefully educated in order to feel comfortable with mgovernment. It involves public campaign and benefits that the citizens can
clearly see and understand. Key points of innovative ideas and views for
further research and development in this field is sketched in the paper
Keywords:
e-public services, m-government framework, m-citizen,
mobile devices, wireless clients.
5
Mobile eHealth: Making the Case
Norm Archer
Abstract: Healthcare is an industry with a diverse set of stakeholders:
governments, private healthcare providers, medical practitioners
(physicians, nurses, researchers, etc.), home healthcare providers and
workers, and last but not least, clients/patients and their families.
Overlapping and interacting environments include hospitals, clinics, long
term care facilities, primary care providers, homes, etc., involving acute,
emergency, chronic, primary, and outpatient care. Patient transitions
between these environments are often unnecessarily difficult due to an
inability by providers to access pre-existing patient records.
Mobile/wireless solutions can play an important role in supporting
healthcare by providing applications that access healthcare records and
reduce paperwork for clinical physicians, nurses, and other workers,
community healthcare practitioners and their patients, or mobile chronically
ill patients such as diabetics. This paper makes the case for mobile
healthcare and its solutions in the non-acute community healthcare
environment, where critical issues include usability, adoption,
interoperability, change management, risk mitigation, security and privacy,
and return on investment. A proposed community healthcare application
demonstrates how these issues are addressed.
Keywords: mobile, wireless, community healthcare, usability, adoption,
interoperability, return on investment
6
Mobile Government and Organizational
Effectiveness
Chet Borucki, Seda Arat, Ibrahim Kushchu
Abstract:
Adoption of mobile technologies by governmental units not
only benefits the parties who use these services, but also can have a positive
impact on the internal workings of public sector organizations. Case studies
of five governmental entities that initiated mobile applications reveal
evidence of higher productivity and cost and operational savings. This new
way of performing tasks also has implications for organizational structure,
business processes and civil workers. In the context of Kushchu and
Borucki’s (2004) Mobility Response Model, this paper underscores some of
the issues that might arise in these areas by examining a small sample of
ongoing mobile government projects, and concludes with enhancements to
the model.
Keywords: mobile government, mobility response model, organizational
change, change management, civil worker, business processes
7
Diffusion of Mobile Technology in Healthcare
Liz Burley, Helana Scheepers, Julie Fisher
Abstract: The introduction of information technology in healthcare has a
high probability for failure. We are however seeing an emerging trend of
individual healthcare professionals adopting mobile technology. Previous
studies in the diffusion of technology have identified four types of adoption
decisions: optional innovation-decision, collective innovation-decision,
authority innovation-decision or contingent innovation-decision. The
innovation decision by healthcare professionals is studied through the
content analysis of three medical forums which are utilized by the early
adopters of mobile computing. The content analysis shows that mostly
optional innovation-decisions are made by individual healthcare
professionals. There is some evidence that some healthcare organizations
are making authority innovation decisions for a group of healthcare
professionals. The paper highlights further research needed in the adoption
of mobile technology by healthcare professionals.
Keywords:
DOI, innovation decision, mobile computing, healthcare
8
Risky Business: Will Citizens Accept Mgovernment in the Long Term?
Jennie Carroll
Abstract : M-government involves the provision of public sector services
via mobile technologies. Two principal drivers are influencing the genesis of
m-government: the need to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of
service provision and the availability of an adequate technological
infrastructure for mobile services. There is a third, but less visible, influence
on the likely success of m-government: citizens’ needs and desires to access
public sector services through mobile technologies. This paper contributes
an investigation of current usage of mobile technologies and a description of
issues that will enhance or delay the widespread acceptance of mgovernment services amongst the users of public sector organizations.
Keywords:
m-government, mobile technologies, citizens’ needs, user
study
9
Multichannel Hub: An M-Government Case
Study For The City Of Turin
Elena Cigliano, Lara Marcellin, Andrea Crevola
Abstract:
The aim of this project, called Multi-channel Hub and
developed by CSP – ICT Innovation and the City of Turin (Italy), is to work
out a multi-channel application as a concrete solution of m-government that
can meet social, psychological and technical needs. Thanks to its hardware
and software architecture, it is possible to modulate the information supply,
on the basis of different users and devices. In fact, it is able to optimize the
content publishing process, from Governments and Public Administration
bodies to citizens, on different media. The project deals with many
considerable research themes, such as mobile devices, multi-channel
publishing processes, integration of different information providers, mobile
government issues.
Keywords:
M-government and City case, Public Administration
services, publishing processes, mobile devices, multi-channel data access,
mobile standards and protocols.
10
Secure Mobile Services Infrastructures for
mGovernment: Personalised, Context-aware
Composition of Pervasive Mobile Services
Alan Davy, Fiona Mahon, Kevin Doolin, Brendan
Jennings, Mícheál Ó Foghlú
Abstract:
This paper discusses service discovery, composition and
adaptation, illustrating their usefulness in pervasive mobile environments in
which a multitude of services are available to users. It addresses how
service discovery and composition, incorporating personalization and
context awareness, can provide focused sets of services tailored to a user’s
individual needs, shielding users from the potentially bewildering range of
offered services. It is argued that because users’ needs will be constantly
evolving, these service sets must also continually adapt to changing
requirements. The Pervasive Services Platform developed by the EU FP6
integrated project Daidalos is described and a usage scenario for it that
demonstrates how service discovery, composition and adaptation can be
successfully integrated is outlined.
Keywords:
Pervasive Services, Service
Adaptation, Mobile Computing, Daidalos
11
Composition,
Service
On the use of Policy Based Management for
Pervasive m-Government Services
Steven Davy, Keara Barrett, Brendan Jennings,
Sven van der Meer
Abstract: This paper discusses some of the challenges encountered when
using policy-based management to manage pervasive m-Government
services. Users within a pervasive computing environment can take
advantage of pervasive m-Government services if management of these
services is developed and integrated into the environment’s management
system. The mobility of the user is a key feature of pervasive computing
environments. Adapting the management system to account for user’s
mobility is a challenging and highly active research area. Application of
policy based management techniques appears to have the potential to
successfully manage the provision of services across multiple management
domains, however this potential will only be realised if solutions to a
number of challenging research issues are realised. In particular, current
policy based management techniques do not fully support user or service
mobility across management domains. Thus we argue that research into
specific areas, including dynamic policy refinement, dynamic policy conflict
detection and resolution, policy interoperability among domains, and interdomain policy negotiation, must be carried out.
Keywords: Pervasive m-Gov services, Policy Based Management.
12
Investigating The Potential Improvement of
Patient Management Systems In Hospital
Ward Settings Using Mobile, Wireless
Technologies
Linda Dawson, Julie Fisher, Liza Heslop
Abstract:
Wireless networks, hand held devices and associated
applications are key emerging technologies ideal for nomadic workers such
as clinicians in ward settings. They can potentially enhance clinicians’ use
of patient management and clinical systems by providing decision support
and clinical information exchange at the bedside or point of care. Empirical
research is needed to better understand and implement this potential
improvement in patient management systems. This paper describes some
preliminary findings of a project which aims to understand current ICTbased work practices and expectations for wireless, mobile environments in
an acute ward setting; select and install appropriate wireless information
communication technology (ICT) devices and applications at the bedside in
a clinical ward; and to conduct an action research study to monitor the
utility, user acceptance, security and safety of that technology at the bedside
for patient management.
Keywords:
Hand held devices, Mobile devices, Nomadic, Healthcare,
Patient Management
13
Mobile Government and Mobile Network
Operators - Is Cooperation Possible?
Ulrich Dietz
Abstract:
The following paper outlines the technical infrastructure
Mobile Network Operators are setting up for mCommerce, mEntertainment
and mBusiness and summarizes possible synergies these infrastructures add
to Mobile Government. Also in focus are business considerations, limiting
factors and cooperative implementations of mGovernment as a publicprivate-partnership.
Keywords:
eGovernment, eGov, Mobile Government, mGov, Mobile
Network Operator, MNO, UMTS, Security, Location-Based Services,
Authentication, Public-Private-Partnership, Cooperation
14
Enterprise Security Planning (ESP)
L. Ertaul, T. Braithwaite, Beryl L. Bellman
Abstract:
Enterprise security planning (ESP) is the aligning of
information security policies and practices and applicable security
technologies with the business rules and the evolving information models
and technical architectures being used by a government agency or business.
In this paper ESP is discussed and its security knowledge management tools
(SKMT) are proposed along with implementation issues of SKMT with the
secure intelligent mobile agents, within the context of prevailing Enterprise
Architecture (EA) methodologies - the most notable being the pioneering
framework developed and described by Zachman. Using the Zachman
Framework as a foundation, we propose the development of an ESP
methodology and its implementation using modern analytic methods and
techniques. We show that this allows information security to be integrated
into the overall Enterprise Architecture (EA) of a Government agency or
business. We ensure that the resulting ESP techniques will be compatible
with the Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA) Reference Model, Capital
Planning and Investment Control (CPIC) guidelines, and provide the
baseline for continuous Security Program Management as required by the
Federal Information Security Management Act. With the implementation of
ESP’s SKMT elements, we propose an ´´expert in a box´´ solution in which
the knowledge to manage a security “incident” exists in the form of a
community of intelligent secure mobile agents present within the system
itself.
Keywords: Enterprise Security Planning, Zachman Framework, Network
Security, Mobile Agents Security.
15
Security Planning using Zachman
Framework for Enterprises
Levent Ertaul, Raadika Sudarsanam
Abstract:
An “Enterprise” is a business association consisting of a
recognized set of interacting business functions, able to operate as an
independent, standalone entity. Security in an enterprise has elevated the
interest in day-to-day business activities of today’s world, as the hackers
threaten all kinds of valuable corporate information. The high profile
attacks on the Internet and several physical attacks seems to have increased
the security related issues on top of corporate agenda. Security is being
achieved through the combination of technology and policy. The technology
must be up to date and the policy must outline the procedures. The
confronting major trends towards security are to integrate security
throughout an organization, converge information security and physical
security, and to emerge the importance of new security technologies.
Zachman Framework is a logical structure for organizing the management
of an enterprise and it controls and integrates all components of the system.
This paper gives an overview of how Zachman’s Framework help define,
design, and create tools for effectively securing an enterprise.
Also,
discussed in this paper is the incorporation of this framework in egovernance.
Keywords:
Enterprise Security
Management, Strategic Planning.
16
Planning,
Enterprise
Security
M-Government Safety Services: Evaluation
Of Alternatives From Stakeholders’
Perspectives.
Ir. R.W.Feenstra, Dr. Ir. M. Janssen, Prof. Dr.
R.W. Wagenaar
Abstract:
Mobile technologies provide many opportunities for
innovative applications to improve public safety. In cooperation with a
group of stakeholders, alternative applications to improve public safety were
proposed and reviewed on their value by voting. In this case the voting
shows a considerable level of consensus regarding the services desired most.
A framework is introduced to rank the services in order of complexity. The
proposed framework is used as a feasibility analysis providing a roadmap
for the realization of the services. In order to achieve successful service
implementations, the stakeholders need to take into account the complexity
of the different services proposed and their current level of expertise. The
proposed framework providing a roadmap for service implementation may
help governmental organizations to identify services fit for realization in an
evolutionary way, at affordable risks.
17
Practical Application Of Biometrics For
Security, Privacy And Convenience Within
The UK Education Environment
Aine Ni Fhloinn
Abstract:
This paper reports on identification needs within a UK
secondary school environment. The motivation behind the final biometric
enabled system choice is discussed and a system design is presented. How
the system will operate is portrayed using a typical school day for user
groups (Students, Teachers, Administration and Parents). As enrollment for
the system is non-mandatory, privacy concerns for user groups influence
acceptability of the system. The paper discusses legal protections which
help form the parameters of the system design and recommends further
management policies that will enhance usability for each user group.
Keywords:
identification, biometrics, privacy, policies, Data Protection
Act.
18
Developing Interactive Voice Response
Interfaces for Large Information Systems
Gunar Fiedler, Peggy Schmidt
Abstract: The usage of mobile technology for eGovernment applications
is not only restricted to (hyper-) text or multimedia services like WAP, SMS,
or MMS. Nowadays, due to various improvements in speech technology it is
practicable to use natural speech as an input source for information
systems. Typically, when using this interface technology it will coexists with
other ones within an enterprise environment. While a well founded modeling
of information structures is widely accepted during information system
development interface applications are often designed ad hoc. Because
information systems evolve this ad hoc procedure complicates the
management of application versions and variations. Especially in
eGovernment scenarios with changing legal conditions or political tenors a
structured development and change management of multi channel interfaces
can reduce costs for IT projects without reducing functionality or public
acceptance.
We present a methodology for a structured interface development based on
the website description language SiteLang. The design of this methodology
was heavily influenced by our experiences in several co-operations with
German public administrations. One of these projects, the community
management system SeSAM, is used as a running example within this paper.
Keywords:
interface development, SiteLang, information system,
VoiceXML
19
Infrastructures for Mobile Government
Services
Mícheál Ó Foghlú
Abstract:
This paper describes a range of infrastructural issues that
impact on the way that mobile government services are being and will be
designed and deployed. In this sense, mobile government services are just
like many other areas of mobile computing, dominated by the push to deploy
Internet technologies on wireless networks. The first issue that is addressed
is that of the ownership of the infrastructure. It is argued that the concept of
Open Access Networks (OANs) is an important one, especially for publicly
funded wireless networks. The next issue addressed is the use of IPv6
instead of IPv4 as the main transport technology. Political and technical
reasons for the choice of IPv6 are discussed. Finally the paper addresses
the software used to develop services and touches on the debates on
appropriate middleware architectures for mobile services.
Keywords:
IPv6, Mobile Internet, Open Access Networks, OAN,
middleware, web services, REST
20
M-Governance: A Mobile Computing
Framework for Integrated Disease
Surveillance In India
Shashank Garg, Diatha Krishna Sundar, Isha
Garg
Abstract: A critical aspect of preventing an outbreak of a communicable
or non-communicable disease is the early detection and investigation of
such disease. With most outbreaks starting in small clusters, if a cluster is
detected and investigated early, its spread could be prevented. The
Government of India launched the National Programme for Surveillance of
Communicable Diseases (NPSC) in 1995 with the goal of creating a
sustainable and efficient disease surveillance system that could detect and
respond in a timely manner. While disease control programmes have existed
for diseases such as Malaria, Tuberculosis, Leprosy, Lymphatic filariasis
and HIV/AIDS, locally prevalent infectious diseases were not part of any
system till this programme started. It is well accepted that a decentralized
disease surveillance system, with strong emphasis on local action for
disease control, is the most effective bulwark against the spread of
outbreaks. Mobile computing and other information and communication
technologies have a significant role to play in the deployment of early
detection and medical intervention systems.
Keywords:
M-Government
framework,
disease
surveillance,
tuberculosis control programme, public health-care, mobile computing,
ontology, citizen identity.
21
Multi-channel Delivery of Services
The Road from eGovernment to
mGovernment: Further Technological
Challenges and Implications
Panagiotis Germanakos, George Samaras, Eleni
Christodoulou
Abstract: During the last decade, users have become accustomed to new
means of service delivery in the private sector. Nowadays, users expect the
same level of variety from the public sector: they want their interactions to
be convenient, and they prefer to be online rather than inline. New
developments in ICT along with the growth of mobile communication allow
the involved sectors to meet these challenges by reengineering their frontend and back-end office. They have developed new ways of interaction
through a variety of channels allowing users to consume their services
anytime, anywhere and anyhow, restructured services that accommodate
their users’ needs, and re-organized processes within and between separate
administrative bodies. This paper will examine the interaction requirements
regarding a friendlier and more effective multi-channel services
environment, the mobility challenges and their apt implementation in the
governmental sector placing emphasis on the technological constraints of an
mGovernment open interoperable multi-services delivery infrastructure and
the impact of its single-point of access functionality across the borders of the
new digitally integrated Pan-European reality.
Keywords: Multi-channel, eServices, eGovernment, mGovernment.
22
M-GOV: A Proposed Architecture For
Mobile Government Transactions
Dimitris Gouscos, Dimitris Drossos, Giannis F.
Marias
Abstract:
As testified by the established penetration of mobile devices
world-wide, as well as the emergent enrichment of both informational and
transactional mobile service content via protocols such as i-mode, mobile
services may constitute the next technological leap in the advancement of
electronic service delivery. The integration of mobile technology with
electronic government services, in particular, presents substantial promise
to bring the “anywhere-anytime-anybody” e-government service vision one
step closer. This paper presents an architecture that integrates workflowbased one-stop government service delivery with secure mobile transactions,
offering support not only to “passive” informational services, but also to
transactional services realized through mobile triggering of e-government
service workflows. Such an integration further enhances the established
benefits of electronic government service delivery whereas it additionally
creates a co-operative “win-win” situation for service end-users,
administrative employees, e-government service providers and mobile
operators alike.
Keywords: Mobile government, system architecture, G2C, G2E, G2G.
23
Electronic Payments In The German Public
Sector – Legal Issues
Ludwig Gramlich
Abstract: The paper tries to analyse more closely why although there are
no major general legal restrictions for electronic payments in Germany,
schemes developed for e-commerce have not yet been transferred to the field
of payments to or even from public authorities and why mobile payment
schemes do not play any role at all in the public sector at present.
Traditional commercial bank money has remained the most prominent
means of payment, and this situation will hardly change in the near future
since whereas a general” electronification” of payments might take place
within the next years, current German projects for introducing and
strengthening e-government do not extend to the introduction of m-payment
systems but are restricted to adapting traditional payment instruments to
standards established in e-commerce transactions.
Keywords:
E-money, E-money institution, means of payment, legal
tender, commercial bank money, m-payment
24
Prospects of Using m-Technologies for
Disaster Information Management in
Bangladesh and other LDCs
Chowdhury G. Hossan, Mridul Chowdhury, Dr.
Ibrahim Kushchu
Abstract:
This paper explores the prospects of using wireless mobile
technologies for disaster information management in Bangladesh. The basic
objective of the paper is to give specific recommendations to relevant
stakeholders, such as the government and the mobile phone service
providers, as to how mobile technologies may be used effectively before,
during and after a disaster. The first section of the paper gives an overview
of the nature of the natural disasters that affect Bangladesh almost every
year in varying degrees of intensity. The second section identifies some of
the information and communication gaps before and after a disaster that
make disaster management more challenging and somewhat ineffective. The
third section introduces some of the relevant mobile technologies that may
be used in Bangladesh and other similar LDCs. The fourth section
establishes how these mobile technologies may be effectively used to address
the information and communication gaps. The concluding section gives
some specific recommendations and suggestions for the relevant
stakeholders.
Keywords:
mobile, wireless, m-Government, LDC, Bangladesh,
disaster, flood, cyclone, SMS, mobile Internet, 2G.
25
Usability Is A Policy Issue: Minimising The
“Hassle Factor” In Mobile Payment Of The
Central London Congestion Charge
Philip Inglesant, M. Angela Sasse
Abstract:
This paper presents a study of user responses to the
implementation of a high-profile e-government system, the Central London
Congestion Charge. The approach is multi-disciplinary, combining humancomputer interaction (HCI) and socio-technical systems (STS) approaches
to produce an analysis of usability in the payment interactions. Based on
interviews with charge payers, we show that usability is an issue in the
payment of the charge; the major usability problems are not at the payment
interfaces but in the wider interaction. This is compounded by the short
time-scale enforced with penalties, and this leads some charge payers to a
perception of an adversarial system. SMS is a possible payment route, but
currently social and policy reasons work against it. In some social contexts,
the simplicity of SMS is appropriate, whereas in others, the familiarity and
richer functionality of the Internet and phone are more usable.
Keywords:
usability, SMS, mobile interaction, road user charging,
transport, discourse
26
A Mobile Alerting System For the Support of
Patients with Chronic Conditions
Doris Jung, Annika Hinze
Abstract:
In today's healthcare environment, information systems are
mostly used to support clinical staff. However, in current information
systems, for patients assistance in the management of their chronic
conditions is neglected. Yet, it is vital that patients with chronic conditions
are actively involved in their disease management. This promotes personal
responsibility, encourages understanding of their condition, gives them more
control over their treatment and fosters their compliance. In this paper we
propose the concept of a mobile system for supporting the management of
the conditions of patients with chronic diseases. This system will allow for
monitoring the patient’s health and the notification of doctors if emergency
action is required. Also patients themselves may specify personal alerts for
condition-related issues. Further, we show a comparison of existing systems
against use cases we have developed in respect to their applicability to our
approach. Finally, deduced from our use case analysis, we present a
conceptual and architectural design of this system.
Keywords:
Event notification, alerting, monitoring, healthcare, chronic
condition.
27
Mobile Government in Germany: Legal
Aspects and Demands on Mobilizing the
Administration
Michael Knopp
Abstract: Mobile Government stands for a local flexible application of
electronic information and communication technology to enable
communication with or within government and administration by means of
mobile devices and without fixed access points. The term “Mobilized
Administration” refers to a part of Mobile Government, because it only
refers to the administration as the mobile partner of communication.
Administration in this context means not only public authorities but also
private bodies acting on behalf of the administration. This kind of Mobile
Government is especially interesting from a legal point of view, because
most far-reaching effects on the administration caused by the innovations,
improvements and changes going along with a Mobilized Administration
may be expected. To realize this new kind of administration and to put into
effect all the advantages in an optimal manner, unplanned legal obstacles
and basic requirements have to be identified and taken into account in the
preliminary stages. Similarly, the dangers have to be restricted with
foresight by an appropriate technical design and legal configuration.
Keywords:
Mobilized Administration, legally compatible technical
design, preventive adoption of law, data protection, electronic filing, mobile
signature.
28
Cashing Up With Mobile Money – The
FairCASH Way
Heinz Kreft
Abstract:
Today we still do not have a widely available digital cash
system for the masses. This is not because there are no inventions in this
area or the money community is out of ideas on how to construct such a
system. It is mainly because there are conflicts of interests between banks,
government and community. In this paper we first present a short history of
money and look at these conflicts. Then we focus on the so-called successfactors, which are essential for a highly accepted e-Payment system. Based
on these success-factors, we will present a new system called FairCASH. By
adopting our FairCASH system, users will be able to make payments of any
value, including micro payments. FairCASH is a multi-purpose, multicurrency, pre-paid inter-operable scheme for domestic usage and cross
border payments. It features non-account-related completely anonymous
payment transactions by encrypting the transferred e-Tokens. There is no
need of registration for users of the FairCASH e-Money system. It is suitable
for person-to-person, chip-to-chip or P2P money transfers. It is independent
of the communication platform or the digital transmission standard.
Highlights are the inherent zero transaction costs for B2C, B2B and C2C
operations. Last but not least, we would like to point out that the system
posses the multi-hopping capability allowing e-Token circulation that is very
advantages for users of such system.
Keywords: Digital cash, e-Money, m-Money, Open-Loop, Multi-Hop,
e-Cash, CASTOR, P2P, Pre-Paid, Micro-Payment, G2G, G2B, G2C, B2C,
B2B, C2C, m-Commerce, m-Payment, m-Banking, e-Government.
29
Securing Mobile Services
Miguel Ponce de Leon, John Ronan, Jimmy
McGibney
Abstract:
This paper reports on some initial findings of the EU IST
SEINIT project with respect to the security of end-to-end services over the
wireless access and fixed network and captures the state of the art in secure
mobile services infrastructures.
Keywords: Wireless Security.
30
M-Government For Digital Cities: Value
Added Public Services
Abraham Sotelo Nava, Irak López Dávila
Abstract:
The convergence of technologies and “new” mobile
technologies arise as a serious response, so that the Information Society and
the e-Government are a reality for citizens. The m-Government term hence
appears as a powerful e-Government component to facilitate the delivery of
more and better services for citizens, in a customized manner and by means
of various devices. M-Government thus proposes catapulting the social
impacts of local e-Government and Digital City strategies and projects.
Keywords: Information Society, e-Government, m-Government, Digital
Cities.
31
M-government: South African Approaches
and Experiences
Imraan Patel, Glenda White
Abstract:
This paper looks at the approaches and experiences of South
Africa in advancing m-government. It features a number of efforts that
demonstrate how mobile technology can be used to improve government
operations and service delivery. A bias has been on looking at solutions that
address developing country challenges.
The ability to test and incubate solutions for developing country challenges
is based on a number of South African realities. This includes:- extensive
penetration of mobile phones across all incomes groups including rural and
remote households, the ease of use of the technology, a proliferation of
solutions from the commercial sector, licensing obligations to be met by the
mobile network providers, and finally, the reality that for many a mobile
phone represent the sole source of communication.
In less than three years, South Africa has made significant strides in
advancing m-government. However, m-government is still in its infancy and
will rapidly evolve over the next few years. There is increasing
acknowledgment that there is a need to go beyond isolated pilots. This will
require the development of an m-government strategy that can forge closer
co-operation between industry and government, more effective mechanisms
for enabling the rapid technological changes and advances to be translated
into government solutions and importantly for solutions to be financially,
institutionally and technologically sustainable.
Keywords:
South
developing country
Africa,
applications,
32
m-government
strategy
Technical Implications And Business
Recommendations For Building Open And
Interoperable Platform For M-Services
Provisioning
Gertraud Peinel, Thomas Rose, Witold
Abramowicz, Andrzej Bassara, Agata
Filipowska, Marek Wi!niewski, Pawe" #ebrowski
Abstract:
The paper focuses on the current outcomes of the USEME.GOV project. It discusses in detail the research on usability of mservices in government to citizen (G2C) interaction. Specific attention is
placed on the design approach for the architecture of the system and the
impact of user requirements on system design. We also point to the concept
of architectural dependencies among m-services as well as the need for
proper service semantics. Furthermore, we present the research done on the
topic of business models allowing the sustainable operation of such services.
Keywords: eGovernment, mGovernment, mobile services, m-services,
open platform, usability sharing, openness, interoperability, scalability,
business models
33
RISER: Opportunities of Mobile Access to
Trans-European Resident Registers
Yorck Rabenstein, Bernhard Krabina
Abstract:
The Registry Information Service on European Residents
(RISER) offers access to official address information of several EU Member
States. Thus the eGovernment service RISER makes available one of the
most frequented services of the public administration in a Trans-European
scope. Today companies and citizens desiring information from a foreign
civil registration office still face a complex situation of responsibilities,
idiosyncratic requirements and language barriers. RISER is changing this
by setting-up and operating a central Internet Service for collecting
inquiries, distributing them to the responsible authorities and delivering the
results to the customer. RISER is about to extend its service portfolio by
adding
mGovernment facilities: This article explains the process
improvement potential offered to e.g. Public Transportation Companies by
an innovative RISER mGovernment Service.
34
It's Okay To Be A Dog On The Internet –
Privacy And Trust In e-Government
Mike Richards, Karim Adam, Blaine A. Price
Abstract: E-government should not be considered as a single service, or
even a small range of services; instead it can comprise an almost limitless
range of activities. We believe that it is necessary to impose order on these
diverse services before the full potential of e-government can be realized.
We propose a simple classification of potential e-government services based
on the privacy requirements of the service. We also believe that many egovernment services have direct parallels with commercial services and that
these private services should form both the inspiration and realization of egovernment.
Keywords: e-government, privacy, e-commerce, trusted-third parties.
35
A Success Factors Model For M-Government
Geoffrey A Sandy, Stuart McMillan
Abstract:
M-government uses ICT to more effectively and efficiently
deliver services. This paper describes a Success Factors Model developed
to assist those in planning and implementing M-government services. The
Model includes those factors identified from a comprehensive review of the
literature, including government sites worldwide. The presence of these
factors ensures that the benefits claimed for M-government will be realized.
These are classified into six main grouping. The paper also reports on the
usefulness of the model with reference to Australian case studies. In
particular the Victorian State Government and the agencies of the Royal
District Nursing service and the South West Health Network.
Keywords:
e-Government, Mobile Government, Government Electronic
Service Delivery.
36
Evolution to m-Government in Brazil
Mauro José dos Santos
Abstract:
This paper elaborates over the research of fellow graduate
students and research supervisor within the subject on the problem of eGovern, Information Technology (IT) and the operations required to set an
efficient govern network in evolution to m-gov in areas of Brazil. With the
visions and work of those researches, the paper illustrates the experience to
modernize govern organization in a developing country scenario,
comparatively with what it can represent on a country where govern is open
to innovation. The crescent difficulty to overcome the resistance to changes,
the need to permanent training, dynamic skills development and the path to
modernize technology in areas like online searching of public services
networks, legal procedures, cryptography, digital signature and Citizen
Relationship Management (CRM) on an open source, multi-platform and
multithread environment. The paradigm is that: the same force that turns
one economy to attain high value standard, works at the contrary on the
other. That in turn responds for development of one economy and a deeper
development gap on the other towards obsolescence.
Keywords:
Database management, e-govern, m-gov, network security,
e-business management, e-services, public policy.
37
Business Process Modeling for mGovernment
Applications
Peggy Schmidt
Abstract:
mGovernment applications are usually part of greater
enterprise environments. Technically, these enterprise applications are
called bulk applications because they consist of a variety of complex
interrelated business processes. To handle the complexity of these processes
suitable modeling technique are needed. Typically, UML is used for these
purposes. In this paper an alternative approach based on the website
description language SiteLang is presented. This language supports use case
modeling as well as interaction and workflow specification in a unified way
using a single dialog type. Due to SiteLang’s simple constructs and well
defined semantics the language is commonly understandable. SiteLang
modeling is explained using a simple example from one of our eGovernment
projects.
Keywords: business process modeling, context, eGovernment, software
specifications, storyboarding, SiteLang, web service
38
The Mobility Paradigm in Government
Theory and Practice: A Strategic
Framework
Hans J (Jochen) Scholl
Abstract:
Except for space exploration, disaster management, law
enforcement, homeland security, and the military, government has
traditionally not been found at the forefront of using the newest technologies
available. Information systems and services in the public sector have been
no exception to the rule. With the advent of electronic Government, however,
the gap between private-sector and government information and transaction
services appears to be narrowing in terms of availability, quality, and
sophistication. Mobile applications it has been speculated may have the
caliber of accelerating this trend. This paper presents a phase model and a
framework of strategic choice, which adds to the academic knowledge in the
field of organizational development and transformation induced by mobile
technology diffusion. It also helps inform practitioners and the strategic
decision-making process when exploring and employing the mobility
paradigm within electronic Government.
Keywords:
mobile technology diffusion, fully mobile wirelessly
connected (FMWC), mobile application classes, backend integration,
business process change, organizational transformation, business-centric
orientation, information-centric orientation.
39
Mobile Services for a Medical
Communication Center: The eSana Project
Henrik Stormer, Andreea Ionas, Andreas Meier
Abstract: Current statistics show that in Europe more than 80% of the
population has a mobile phone. The popularity and place independent
utilization are reasons for using these devices in the health sector. In
medical environments mobile devices could transmit physiological
parameters.
This article focuses on the eSana framework. eSana is a platform that
redefines the communication between a customer/patient and a Medical
Communication Center (MCC) by the consequential use of a mobile device
for the customer/patient part. Furthermore, eSana is service independent.
This paper focuses on a service designed for diabetics.
eSana has three layers. The bottom layer defines how physiological
parameters, e.g. blood pressure, blood glucose or heart rate can be
transmitted from a mobile device to a medical communication center and
stored there. The middle layer defines different statistical analyses of this
data. The top layer enables dynamic counseling by a doctor or therapist.
In a diabetic environment eSana could be used to send a patient’s blood
glucose value periodically to an MCC. With eSana, a patient can get
analyses of his blood glucose values by accessing a website or by receiving
a message, generated by eSana, on his mobile device. Furthermore, a doctor
can observe the data.
Keywords: eHealth, eSana, diabetes, mobile measuring devices.
40
M-Governance: A Framework for Indian
Urban Local Bodies
Diatha Krishna Sundar, Shashank Garg
Abstract: The basic and universal corner stones of good governance are
quality of service, quick response mechanisms and above all accountable
and transparent process mechanism. The first generation e-governance
initiatives resulted in computerization of the legacy systems/practices in
government with limited ability to internalize the advances in information
and communication technologies (ICT). The paradigm shift from egovernance to m-governance (which leverages the convergence of mobile
and communication technologies) results in radical differences in the key
processes of creating, maintenance and usage of knowledge, creation of
secure mobile transaction & delivery system, establishment of the
appropriate infrastructural support for multi-mode direct citizen interface
and delivery mechanisms. The primary characteristic of these m-governance
solutions should be that of “capturing skill levels required to offer faster,
cost-effective and scalable solutions at the door steps of the citizen through
mobile and embedded technologies rather than mere computerization at the
offices of urban local bodies”. Information and communication technology
is merely an enabler for good mobile-governance.
Keywords:
M-Government framework, Urban Local Bodies, mobile
computing, ontology, citizen identity.
41
Government in the Palm of Your Hand
Melissa Teasdale
Abstract:
Launched in 2002, the Government of Canada’s Wireless
Portal ( wap.gc.ca) was designed to be more than just a wireless version of
its’ official Internet portal—it was designed to offer ‘just in time’ up-to-theminute and on-the-go Government of Canada information and services
anytime, anywhere. This service, optimized for delivery via the wireless
medium, is truly. a service designed for the public. The goal of the
Government of Canada’s Wireless Portal involvesd a new practical
approach to serving the public. This project creates an additional access
channel to Government of Canada services, accompanying the Internet,
telephone and in-person service delivery. The undertaking has been a
success!
The portal has brought the Government of Canada closer to citizens by
enabling wireless users to access useful information at the tip of their
fingers when they’re on the move. The information provided on the portal is
created with quick and easy wireless delivery in mind—a technology largely
supported by Canadian and international users alike.
Keywords: e-government, wireless portal, Canada
42
M-Government in Hungary
Istvan Tozsa, Balazs Budai
Abstract:
The paper outlines why 2 and 2.5 G mobiles appear to have
taken the lead in e-government development in Central Europe. A number of
best practices throughout the world are also presented, amongst them the
first milestones of m-government appearing as a special, independent field
in the process of the modernization of public administration. In the authors’
view m-government implementations should be monitored in the
information, interaction, transaction and transformation stages of egovernment development. New workflow models need to be introduced in
public administration in the developed, transaction and transformation
stages to facilitate m-government implementations. Two general m-workflow
models are shown and described. Last but not least, the paper introduces a
new Hungarian university textbook on m-government. All possible aspects
(present and future) of wireless and m-government applications are
surveyed including the feasible legal, political, and civil environments.
Keywords:
m-government, m-workflow model, m-procedure, mgovernment in research and education
43
Johannesburg Metropolitan Police
Department (JMPD): Mobile Law
Enforcement System
Retief de Villiers
Abstract: As part of the execution of its Vision 2030 document, the City
of Johannesburg has embarked on a zero tolerance campaign for law
enforcement and traffic violations. A major problem is the large number of
open warrants of arrest and stagnated cases in the traffic fines prosecutions
database. A solution had to be developed that would make it easy for a
Metropolitan Police Officer (MPO) to execute a query on whether a
motorist, that has been stopped, has open warrants of arrest and/or
stagnated cases listed against his/her name. A solution based on GPRS
equipped mobile phones was developed with an open source platform to
facilitate queries to the prosecutions database. Results so far indicate that
the project has been a success.
Keywords:
mobile solution, GPRS, open source, law enforcement,
Johannesburg, S. Africa.
44
Anonymous Code Lists For Secure Electronic
Voting Over Insecure Mobile Channels
Nico Voutsis, Frank Zimmermann
Abstract:
A protocol is proposed, which allows electronic voting over
channels, which typically are regarded as insecure like short message
service (SMS) and cellular phones. Unlike personalized lists of codes, which
are typically proposed to secure the vote and to uniquely identify the voter,
we propose anonymous code lists, which offer more flexibility and security,
in particular with respect to privacy and anonymity of the voter.
Keywords: e-voting, mobile voting, security protocol, m-government.
45
Enabling Personalized And Context Sensitive
Mobile Advertising While Guaranteeing Data
Protection
Rebecca Bulander, Michael Decker, Gunther
Schiefer, Bernhard Kölmel
Abstract:
Advertising on mobile terminals is a consequential
advancement of traditional methods of advertising. In this article we will
discuss the special potentials and challenges of mobile advertising and
introduce the MoMa-system as approach to enable personalized and context
sensitive advertising while guaranteeing data protection, whereas context
isn’t limited to just location.
Keywords:
Mobile Business, mobile advertising, context sensitive
mobile applications, data protection.
46
Mobile Disaster Management System
Applications: Current Overview And Future
Potential
Flávio Souza, Ibrahim Kushchu
Abstract:
Based on a series of case analysis of current Mobile Disaster
Management Systems applications in different regions of the globe, this
paper examines each application in detail. This paper pays particular
attention to the value and lessons learned with these applications as well as
their limitations and constraints, with the aim of addressing them in the
future. The paper begins by defining what a disaster management system is,
and explaining its importance. It then follows with a brief description of
current Mobile Disaster Management Systems applications available. The
paper concludes with suggestions for developing new systems combining the
best practices of each of the current systems in order to increase popularity
and usage among the public. A particular proposal concerning the Japanese
marketing reality is also presented.
Keywords:
Disaster Management System, mobile applications, mobile
business, mobile government, mobile technologies, cases studies, SMS
emergency broadcasting, Enhanced 911, message board service and Japan.
47
Measuring E-Readiness Assessment in Saudi
Organisations: Preliminary Results From A
Survey Study
Ali Al-Solbi, Pam J. Mayhew
Abstract:
Information and communication technologies (ICT) hold the
promise of accelerating growth and improving the quality of life of many
people around the world, particularly in the developing countries. Since the
Internet became available for commercial use in the early 1990s, virtually
all countries of the world, even the least developed, have had some form of
Internet access. [Talero & Gaudette, 1996]
Extensive studies have been conducted by commercial organisations in
order to assess the e-readiness of developed countries but only limited work
has been done to assess the progress towards e-readiness in developing
countries. This is especially so in the Arab nations, although such studies
are arguably more important given the currently low levels of development
in these countries.
This paper presents the finding of the interviews and concentrates on the
results of those interviews within the both public and private organisations
in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Keywords: E-Readiness Assessment, developing countries, e-commerce,
global economy, digital divide, ICT, e-government.
48
Transcending e-Government: A Case of
Mobile Government in Beijing
Song Gang
Abstract: The convergence of mobile communication and mobile computing
technologies opens up new horizon for mobile interaction and mobile
working. The use of mobile technology in government sector not only
provides an alternative channel of communication and public service
delivery, but more importantly, it can address the mobility of government
itself and in this way transcend the traditional e-government service delivery
model by bring personalized, localized and context aware services close to
its mobile citizens. A number of mobile government initiatives have been
proposed globally to take advantage of this opportunity for better public
service delivery. In this paper an example of such a mobile government
initiative in a district of Beijing is presented. Based on the study this paper
argues for a further paradigm shift from e-government to mobile
government. With the challenges and opportunities provided by mobile ICT,
government should be aware of the potential of mobile government to
transcend the traditional e-government models, which pay undue attention
to online Internet portals.
Keywords: mobile government, e-government, mobility, organizational
change, Beijing
49