ROGER COHEN AMERICAN ‘FREEDOM’ VS. CHINESE ‘HARMONY’ CUBISM EXHIBIT PICASSO AND CO. STAR AT THE MET THE REAL WORLD WHERE AIRBNB AND UBER FIT IN PAGE 9 PAGE 10 PAGE 15 | OPINION | CULTURE | BUSINESS .... TUESDAY, OCTOBER 21, 2014 Kiev forces linked to use of cluster munitions Survivors of a ruthless trade Turkey says it will allow Kurd fighters into Syria DONETSK, UKRAINE MURSITPINAR, TURKEY Evidence seems to show army fired weapons in combat around Donetsk After weeks of refusal, Ankara will open border to help besieged enclave BY ANDREW ROTH BY KAREEM FAHIM AND KARAM SHOUMALI Cluster munitions that were probably fired by Ukrainian Army troops struck several times this month in the heart of Donetsk, a rebel-held city with a peacetime population of more than one million, according to physical evidence examined by The New York Times and interviews with witnesses and victims. Impact sites in the city where rockets fell on Oct. 2 and Oct. 5 showed clear signs that cluster munitions were used and had come from army-held territory, where misfired artillery rockets containing cluster bomblets were found by villagers in farm fields. The two attacks injured at least six people and killed a Swiss employee of the International Red Cross based in Donetsk. The strikes occurred nearly a month after President Petro O. Poroshenko of Ukraine signed a cease-fire agreement with rebel representatives that was meant to end the fighting in eastern Ukraine, which has left 3,700 people dead so far. Because of their indiscriminate and deadly effects, especially on civilians, cluster weapons are banned by treaty in much of the world, though not in Ukraine. The Ukrainian military denied that its forces had used cluster weapons during the conflict. The military said that the rocket strikes against Donetsk in early October should be investigated once it was safe to do so and that rebel forces in the area had access to powerful rocket systems from Russia that could fire cluster munitions. But the evidence examined by The Times and a report by the advocacy group Human Rights Watch indicate that the cluster munitions that struck Oct. 2 and Oct. 5 were probably fired by Ukrainian troops stationed southwest of Donetsk. Witnesses there reported seeing rocket launches from those troops’ positions toward the city at times that coincided with the strikes. Human Rights Watch says in its report, which was to be published Monday evening, that cluster weapons have been used against population centers in eastern Ukraine at least 12 times during the conflict, and possibly many more. The report said that both sides are probably culpable in attacks that ‘‘may amount to war crimes.’’ The report, which included evidence shared by The Times, says there is ‘‘particularly strong evidence’’ that Ukrainian government troops carried out the two October attacks against Donetsk. An August cluster-munitions attack on the village of Starobesheve, which was in Ukrainian Army hands, was probably carried out either by pro-Russian rebels or by Russian troops, the report says. ‘‘It’s pretty clear that cluster munitions are being used indiscriminately in populated areas, particularly in attacks UKRAINE, PAGE 4 LYNSEY ADDARIO FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES Mamoun Doghmosh, in foreground, with Ibrahim and Mohammed Awadallah in Malta. They survived after an overcrowded boat trying to reach Europe was rammed by smugglers. VALLETTA, MALTA Mideast turmoil turns smuggling of migrants into a booming business BY JIM YARDLEY On the last morning, only four survivors remained: Two sets of Palestinian brothers, exhausted and adrift in the Mediterranean beneath a blazing white sun. The Awadallah brothers were delirious. Mohammed saw vampires rising from the waves. Ibrahim kept removing his life jacket, imagining himself at home in Gaza, changing his clothes. Nearby, Mamoun Doghmosh, 27, propped up his younger brother, Amin, 24, who was weak and hallucinating. Nearly four days had passed since their overcrowded migrant boat had capsized on Sept. 9, after being rammed by another vessel following an apparent quarrel between smugglers. At least 300 people, trying to reach Europe, are estimated to have died in one of the Mediterranean’s worst disasters. For those few who survived, an enduring memory would be the ruth- BEIJING BY ANDREW JACOBS AND CHRIS BUCKLEY He was starved, pummeled and interrogated for days on end in an ice-cold room where sleeping, sitting or even leaning against a wall were forbidden. One beating left Wang Guanglong, a midlevel official from Fujian Province, partly deaf, according to his later testimony. Suicide, he told relatives and his lawyers afterward, tempted him. In the end, he said, he took a deal: He signed a confession acknowledging he had accepted $27,000 in bribes, wrongly believing he would be released on bail and able to clear his name of a crime he says he did not commit. ‘‘He did what they told him to do in order to save his own life,’’ his sister, Wang Xiuyun, said in an interview. China is in the midst of a scorching campaign against government corruption, one that has netted more than 50 high-ranking officials and tens of thousands of workaday bureaucrats as part of President Xi Jinping’s effort to restore public confidence in the ruling Commu- MARK BAKER/ASSOCIATED PRESS Joko Widodo in Jakarta on Monday after his inauguration, completing an improbable rise to become leader of the world’s fourth most-populous nation. INDON ES I A’S NEW PRESIDENT IBM earnings reflect struggle As IBM worked to reinvent itself, its third-quarter profit and revenue came in well below forecasts. BUSINESS, 15 NEWSSTAND PRICESINFORMATION, CALL: FOR SUBSCRIPTION Lithuania LTL 15 Luxembourg ¤ 3.00 Macedonia Den 150.00 Malta ¤ 3.00 Montenegro ¤ 2.00 Morocco MAD 25 Mexico N$ 26.00 Moscow Roubles 110 Nigeria NGN 390 Northern Ireland £ 1.50 Caymanat Is CI$ 2.00 Estonia ¤ 3.20 Italy ¤ 2.80 or e-mail us inytsubs@nytimes.com Finland ¤ 3.00 France ¤ 3.00 Gabon CFA 2.500 Great Britain £ 1.80 Greece ¤2.50 Germany ¤ 3.00 Gibraltar £ 1.35 Ivory Coast CFA 2.500 Jordan. JD 1.50 Kazakhstan USD 3.50 Kenya K. SH. 200 Kosovo ¤ 2.50 Latvia ¤ 3.25 Lebanon LP 4,000 FENG LI/GETTY IMAGES — AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE President Xi Jinping has vowed to keep up the effort to root out corruption in China. Strategy for eurozone? Not yet A difficult foray into newspapers Amid fears that the eurozone is slipping into recession, French and German officials meeting on Monday agreed only to work on an economic plan to be presented in December. BUSINESS, 14 In the two years since Aaron Kushner entered the newspaper business, he has generated plenty of headlines — about himself. nytimes.com/media Donations lag to combat Ebola Judge Thokozile Matilda Masipa is to begin handing down a sentence on Tuesday to Oscar Pistorius in the death of his girlfriend. nytimes.com/africa Britain warned against isolationism Chile Ps$ 1,550 Colombia Cps 1,875 Costa Rica US$ 2.50 Croatia KN 20.00 Cyprus ¤ 2.90 Czech Rep CZK 110 Denmark DKr 26 SYRIA, PAGE 3 MIGRANTS, PAGE 5 nist Party. In the first half of this year, prosecutors opened more than 6,000 investigations of party officials, according to government statistics released in July. And China’s leaders vow that their cleaning out has just begun. But admirers of the antigraft blitz overlook a paradox of the campaign, critics say: Waged in the name of law and accountability, the war on corruption often operates beyond the law in a secretive realm of party-run agencies, like the one that snared Mr. Wang, plagued by their own abuses and hazards. CHINA, PAGE 6 SEDAT SUNA/EUROPEAN PRESSPHOTO AGENCY Smoke rising in Kobani, Syria, on Monday after an airstrike on Islamic State forces. ONLINE AT INY T.COM Relief agencies struggling to raise money for the Ebola fight are relying on large gifts from wealthy donors like Mark Zuckerberg. BUSINESS, 14 Cameroon CFA 2.500 Ecuador US$ 3.35 Hungary HUF 800 00800 Canada 44C$ 4.5048Egypt78 27 EGP 15.00 Israel NIS 13.00/Eilat NIS 11.00 sometimes overlap with criminal gangs who traffic in arms and drugs. For Europe, the enormous influx of migrants and refugees has stirred both sympathy and resentment, while presenting a policy conundrum — the humanitarian imperative of rescuing the desperate at sea versus the economic and political burden of absorbing them. One question is whether to expand legal migration. Yet illegal migration is likely to keep growing — with policing in disarray along the North African coastline, the smuggling networks are thriving. Presumed guilty in China’s effort to root out corruption INSIDE TO DAY ’S PA P E R Andorra ¤ 3.50 Antilles ¤ 3.50 Argentina US$ 5.00 Austria ¤ 3.00 Bahrain BD 1.20 Belgium ¤3.00 Bermuda US$ 3.50 Bolivia US$ 2.75 Bosnia & Herzegovina KM 5.00 Bulgaria ¤ 2.55 lessness of the smugglers, who demanded bribes during the land journey out of Gaza and then mocked the migrants as they flailed in the water. ‘‘They wanted to kill us,’’ said Mohammed Awadallah, 23. ‘‘They started circling us, laughing at us.’’ Today, the business of smuggling refugees and migrants across the Mediterranean into Europe has become a hugely profitable, if deadly, enterprise, with more than 3,000 people believed to have died so far this year. One United Nations official estimated that in 2014 smugglers would gross more than $1 billion, with sophisticated operations that Turkey will allow Iraqi Kurdish forces, known as pesh merga, to cross its border with Syria to help fight militants from the group called Islamic State who have besieged the town of Kobani for more than a month, the foreign minister announced Monday. The decision represents a significant shift by the Turkish government, which has for weeks angered Kurdish leaders and frustrated Washington by refusing to allow fighters or weapons to cross its border in support of the Kurdish fighters battling the militants. Speaking at a news conference in Ankara, the Turkish foreign minister, Mevlut Cavusoglu, said that his government was ‘‘helping the pesh merga cross over to Kobani.’’ The announcement, along with an American decision to use military aircraft to drop ammunition and small arms to resupply Kurdish fighters in Kobani, reflected escalating international pressure to push back Islamic State militants who have recently lost momentum in what had looked like a certain rout of the town. The battle has become a closely watched test for the Obama administration’s policy of combining air power with reliance on local forces on the ground to fight the militant group in Iraq and in Syria. At the same time, the American effort has been criticized — including by the Turks — as selective and ineffective in stopping the suffering of other cities under bombardment by the Syrian government or menaced by militants in a war that has killed more than 200,000 Syrians. Turkey’s refusal to allow military aid to flow has also raised tensions within its own country, where Kurds have accused the government of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan of abandoning the city to the militants of the Islamic State, ’:HIKKLD=WUXUU\:?b@k@c@b@k" José Manuel Barroso, the outgoing president of the European Commission, said Britain’s confrontational stance was hurting its position. WORLD NEWS, 4 Leung Chun-ying showed no sign of softening his Beijing-endorsed stance against open elections. WORLD NEWS, 6 Germany has made remarkable progress after being labeled the ‘‘sick man of Europe’’ just 10 years ago, but Jochen Bittner is still worried. OPINION, 9 NEWSSTAND PRICES CURRENCIES Turkey TL 6 Ukraine US$ 5.00 United ArabMAD Emirates25 AED 12.00 Morocco Venezuela US$ 2.75 Senegal CFA 2.500 United States $ 3.00 Other US$ 2.00 Tunisia Din(Europe) 4.300 U.S. Military US$ 1.75 Reunion ¤ 3.50 IN THIS ISSUE No. 40,934 Books 11 Business 14 Crossword 13 Culture 10 Opinion 8 Sports 12 s Euro s Pound — Yen s S. Franc NEW YORK, MONDAY 12:30PM €1= £1= $1= $1= PREVIOUS $1.2780 $1.2760 $1.6130 $1.6090 ¥106.870 ¥106.870 SF0.9440 SF0.9460 Full currenc y rates Pa ge 17 A decade of inflated blame When Barry Bonds tossed out the first pitch for a Giants playoff game last week, it was an overdue return for a man treated more harshly than many others. nytimes.com/baseball Honky-Tonk Tchaikovsky? Germans without angst? Hong Kong’s chief firm before talks Norway NkrFrance 28 Senegal 2.500 ¤ CFA 3.00 Oman OMR 1.250 Serbia Din 250 Peru US$ 3.50 Slovakia ¤ 3.30 Andorra ¤ 3.50 Poland ZI 12.20 Slovenia ¤ 2.50 Antilles ¤ Spain 3.50 Portugal ¤ 3.00 ¤ 3.00 Qatar QR 10.00 Sweden Skr 28 CFA 2.500 Republic of Cameroon Ireland ¤3.00 Switzerland SFr 4.30 Reunion ¤ 3.50 Syria US$ 3.00 Gabon CFA 2.500 Romania Lei 11.50 The Netherlands ¤ 3.00 Saudi ArabiaIvory SR 13.00Coast Tunisia Din 4.300 CFA 2.500 Awaiting Pistorius sentencing In the new video game Disney Fantasia: Music Evolved, players will conduct classical works from that 1940 film as new works by pop and rock composers. nytimes.com/arts STOCK INDEXES MONDAY t The Dow 12:30pm 16,345.63 t FTSE 100 close 6,267.07 s Nikkei 225 close 15,111.23 OIL –0.21% –0.68% +3.98% www.dior.com NEW YORK, MONDAY 12:30PM t Light sweet crude $82.34 –$0.96